Vocabulary Part 1 Solute – molecules being dissolved in a solution Solvent – substance doing the...
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Transcript of Vocabulary Part 1 Solute – molecules being dissolved in a solution Solvent – substance doing the...
Vocabulary Part 1
• Solute – molecules being dissolved in a solution
• Solvent – substance doing the dissolving in the solution (usually water)
• Concentration – amount of solute per unit solvent
• Diffusion – Movement of molecules (solute) from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
• Concentration Gradient – the difference in concentrations across a space or a membrane
• Equilibrium – there is no NET movement of molecules across a space or membrane
Vocabulary Part 1
• Permeable – molecules can go through membrane
• Selectively Permeable (aka Semipermeable)— movement of molecules is selective based on size, polarity, and charge
• Impermeable – molecules cannot go through membrane
• Facilitated Diffusion — molecules move down the concentration gradient with the help of a protein in the cell membrane. No energy required.
• Active Transport -- molecule uses a protein in the cell membrane to move against the concentration gradient. Energy required.
Vocabulary Part 2• Osmosis – diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
• Hypotonic – less concentrated
• Hypertonic – more concentrated
• Isotonic – equal concentrations
• Plasmolysis – when a cell collapses on itself because it lost too much water
• Cytolysis -- when a cell bursts because it has taken in too much water (more common in animal cells…why?)
Vocabulary Part 2
• Turgor Pressure – pressure in a plant cell due to water flowing in
• Contractile Vacuole – vacuoles that pump water out of a cell to keep a concentration gradient present.– Example: freshwater fish (is hypertonic to environment). Pumps
water out
• Water Potential – how much water a solution has. Water will always move from high water potential to low water potential
– High Water Potential – a lot of water in a solution, so it is very dilute
– Low Water Potential – not a lot of water in a solution, so it is very concentrated
Another Type of Active Transport
• way in which a cell takes in big molecules or gets rid of big molecules
• Requires energy (ATP)
• how some of our immune cells “eat” bacteria
• how some of our cells secrete packaged proteins made in the Rough ER
• Endocytosis (in)• Exocytosis (out)