Vocabulary 11

• refuse to say that you will not do or accept something →He asked me to give him another loan, but I refused. • memorandum a short written report prepared specially for a person or

group of people which contains information about a particular matter

→My secretary sent the memorandum to the whole staff. • outline the main shape or edge of something, without any details →She drew the outline of the boat and then colored it in.

• duplicate to make an exact copy of something →Can you duplicate this document for me? • insulation the act of protecting something with a material that

prevents heat, sound, electricity →Effective insulation can keep your house warm in

winter. • particular special, or this and not any other →She wanted a particular type of cactus.

• assign to give a particular job or piece of work to someone →The case has been assigned to our most senior

officer.• vote to express your choice or opinion, especially by

officially writing a mark on a paper or by raising your hand or speaking in a meeting

→She was too young to vote in the national election.• critical saying that someone or something is bad or wrong →The report is highly critical of safety standards at

the factory.

• expire If something which lasts for a fixed length of time expires,

it comes to an end or stops being in use →Our television license expires next month. • achievement something very good and difficult that you have

succeeded in doing →An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement

for one so young. • innovative using new methods or ideas →She was an imaginative and innovative manager.

• oversee to watch or organize a job or an activity to make certain

that it is being done correctly →As marketing manager, her job is to oversee all the

company's advertising. • conclusion the final part of something →I found the conclusion of the film rather irritating. • fair treating someone in a way that is right or reasonable →It's not fair that she's allowed to go and I'm not!

• respect admiration felt or shown for someone or something that you

believe has good ideas or qualities →She is a formidable figure who commands a great deal of

respect. • enterprise an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and

important plan, especially one that will earn money →Her latest enterprise is to climb Mount Everest. • admission when you agree that something is true, especially unwillingly →I felt he would see my giving up now as an admission that I

was wrong.

• satisfactory good or good enough for a particular need or purpose →The teachers seem to think his work is satisfactory. • senior high in rank or status; higher in rank or status than

others →I have ten years' experience at senior management

level. • suburban relating to a suburb →They live in suburban Washington.

• personality the type of person you are, which is shown by the way

you behave, feel and think →She has a very warm personality. • domestic relating to a person's own country →Domestic opinion had turned against the war. • suspend to stop or to cause to be not active, either temporarily or

permanently →The ferry service has been suspended for the day

because of bad weather.

• regret to feel sorry about something you have done or about

something that you have not been able to do →If you don't do it now, you'll only regret it. • coverage the reporting of a particular important event or subject →What did you think of the BBC's election coverage? • commit to do something illegal or something that is considered

wrong →He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't

commit.

• interfere to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement

is not wanted or is not helpful →It's their problem and I'm not going to interfere. • renovate to repair and improve something, especially a building →He renovates old houses and sells them at a profit. • keynote the most important or most emphasized part of

something →This issue has become the keynote of the election

campaign.

• substantial large in size, value or importance →The findings show a substantial difference between the

opinions of men and women. • prospective expected to do something or to become something →We've had three sets of prospective buyers looking

round the house. • content pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or

improvement →He seems fairly content with life.

• proof a fact or piece of information which shows that something

exists or is true →Keep your receipt as proof of purchase. • risk the possibility of something bad happening →There's a high risk of another accident happening in this

fog. • treat to behave towards someone or deal with something in a

particular way →My parents treated us all the same when we were kids.

• extensive covering a large area; having a great range →Her knowledge of music is extensive. • pollution damage caused to water, air →The air pollution is a serious problem in Kaohsiung. • commute to make the same journey regularly between work and

home →It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London

every day.

• merge to combine or join together, or to cause things

to do this →The country's two biggest banks are

planning to merge.