Vocab Sheet for Tacitus Historiae 1

24/2/2014 Vocab sheet for Tacitus Historiae 1

http://nodictionaries.com/vocab/tacitus/historiae-1 1/35

NoDictionariesVocab sheetfor Tacitus Historiae 1

Words occurring 50 to 501 timesOtho, Othonis M OthoVitellius, Vitelli M Vitelliusac and, and also, and besidesad to, up to, towards; near, at; until, on, by; almost;

according to; about w/NUMaut or, or rather/else; either...orcum with, together/jointly/along/simultaneous with,

amid; supporting; attachedet and, and even; also, evengalba, galbae F small worm, ash borer/larva of ash spinner; fat

paunch, big bellyin into; about, in the mist of; according to, after; for;

to, amongipse, ipsa, ipsum himself/herself/itself; the very/real/actual one; in

person; themselvesis, ea, id he/she/it/they; that onelegio, legionis F legion; armymiles, militis M soldier; foot soldier; soldiery; knight; knight's

fee/servicenec nor, and..not; not..either, not evennon not, by no means, noomnis, omnis, omne each, every, every one; all; all/the whole ofqui, quae, quod who, whichres, rei F thing; event/affair/business; fact; cause; propertysed but, but also; yet; however, but in fact/truth; not to

mention; yes butsi if, if only; whethersum, esse, fui, futurus be; existut to, in order that/to; how, as, when, while; even if

Words occurring 20 to 50 timesGalba, Galbae M GalbaNero, Neronis M NeroPiso, Pisonis M Pisoa by, from; afteraccipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus take, grasp, receive, accept, undertake; admit, let

feedback



in, hear, learn; obeyadverto, advertere, adverti,adversus

turn/face to/towards; direct/draw one's attentionto; steer/pilot

ago, agere, egi, actus drive/urge/conduct/act; spend; thank; deliveralius, alia, aliud other, another; different, changedanimus, animi M mind; intellect; soul; feelings; heart; spirit,

courage, character, pride; airapud at, by, near, among; at the house of; before, in the

presence/writings/view ofarmum, armi N arms, weapons, armor, shield; close fighting

weapons; equipment; forceatque and, as well/soon as; together with; and

moreover/even; and too/also/now; yetbellum, belli N war, warfare; battle, combat, fight; war; military

force, armsbonus, bona -um, melior -or -us,optimus -a -um

good, honest, brave, noble, kind, pleasant, right,useful; valid; healthy

castrum, castri N fort/fortress; camp, military camp/field; army; warservice; day's march

centurio, centurionis M centurion, captain/commander of acentury/company

ceterus, cetera, ceterum the other; the others. the remaining/rest, all therest

civitas, civitatis F community/city/town/state; citizens; citizenrights/citizenship; naturalization

cohors, cohortis F court; enclosure/yard/pen, farmyard; attendants,retinue, staff; circle; crowd

consilium, consili(i) N debate/discussion/deliberation/consultation;advice/counsel/suggestion; adviser

credo, credere, credidi, creditus trust, entrust; commit/consign; believe, trust in,rely on, confide; suppose

de down/away from, from, off; about, of, concerning;according to; with regard to

dies, diei day; daylight; open sky; weathere out of, from; by reason of; according to; because

of, as a result ofeo, ire, ivi/ii, itus go, walk; march, advance; pass; flow; pass; ride;

sailetiam and also, besides/furthermore, in addition/as well;

even, actually; yes/indeedex out of, from; by reason of; according to; because

of, as a result ofexerceo, exercere, exercui,exercitus

exercise, train, drill, practice; enforce, administer;cultivate

fides, fidei F faith, loyalty; honesty; credit; confidence, trust,belief; good faith



habeo, habere, habui, habitus have, hold, consider, think, reason; manage, keep;spend/pass

hic, haec, hoc this; theseille, illa, illud that; those; that person/thing; the well known; the

formerimperator, imperatoris M emperor; general; ruler; commanderimperium, imperi(i) N command; authority; rule, supreme power; the

state, the empireinter between, among; duringjam now, already, by/even now; besidesmagnus, magna -um, major -or -us, maximus -a -um

large/great/big/vast/huge; much; powerful;tall/long/broad; extensive/spacious

malus, mala -um, pejor -or -us, - bad, evil, wicked; ugly; unluckymetus, metus M fear, anxiety; dread, awe; object of awe/dreadmodus, modi M manner, mode, way, method; rule, rhythm, beat,

measure, size; bound, limitmox soon, nextmultus, multa -um, -, plurimus -a-um

much, many, great, many a; large, intense,assiduous; tedious

ne that not, lestneque nor; and not, not, neithernomen, nominis N name, family name; noun; account, entry in debt

ledger; sake; title, headingodium, odi(i) N hate/hatred/dislike/antipathy; odium,

unpopularity; boredom/impatiencepars, partis F part, region; share; direction; portion, piece; party,

faction, sideper through; during; by, by means ofplerus, plera, plerum the majority, most, very great part; about all; very

many, a good manyplus, (gen.), pluris more; several. manypopulus, populi people, nation, State;

public/populace/multitude/crowd; a followingprinceps, (gen.), principis first, foremost, leading, chief, front; earliest,

original; most necessarypro on behalf of; before; in front/instead of; for; about;

according to; as, likeprovincia, provinciae F province; office; duty; commandproximus, proxima, proximum nearest/closest/next; most recent, immediately

preceding, last; most/very likepublicus, publica, publicum public; common, of the people/state; officialquidem indeed, certainly, even, at least; ne...quidem--

not...evenquis whichromanus, romana, romanum Roman



se reflexive; -selfsenatus, senatus M senatesuus, sua, suum his/one's, her, hers, its; their, theirstum moreoverurbs, urbis F city; City of Romevideo, videre, vidi, visus see, look at; consider; seem, seem good, appear, be

seen

Words occurring 10 to 20 timesCaesar, Caesaris M CaesarClaudius, Claudia, Claudium Claudius; Roman gens; the LameGallia, Galliae F GaulGermania, Germaniae F GermanyGermanicus, Germanica,Germanicum

German

Italia, Italiae F ItalyJulius, Julia, Julium Julius; Roman gens/family; of a/the JuliansPalatium, Palati(i) N Palatine HillTitus, Titi M Titus; Roman praenomen, abb. T.ab by, from; afteraddo, addere, addidi, additus add, insert, bring/attach to, say in addition;

increase; impart; associateadeo, adire, adivi(ii), aditus approach; attack; visit, address; undertake; take

possessionadhuc thus far, till now, to this point; hitherto; yet, as yet;

still; besidesamicus, amica -um, amicior -or -us, amicissimus -a -um

friendly, dear, fond of; supporting, loyal, devoted;loving

an can it be thatante in front/presence of, in view; before; over against,

facingaudeo, audere, ausus sum intend, be prepared; dare/have courage, act boldly,

venture, riskaudio, audire, audivi, auditus hear, listen, accept, agree with; obey; harken, pay

attention; be able to hearauxilium, auxili(i) N help, assistance; remedy/antidote; supporting

resource/force; auxiliariesavaritia, avaritiae F greed, avarice; rapacity; miserliness, stinginess,

meannesscaedis, caedis F murder/slaughter/massacre; assassination;

feuding; slain/victims; blood/gorecaedo, caedere, cecidi, caesus chop, hew, cut out/down/to pieces; strike, smite,

murder; slaughter; sodomizecapito, (gen.), capitonis big-headed, having a large head; kind of mulletcausa, causae F cause/reason/motive; origin, source, derivation;



responsibility/blame; symptomcelsus, celsa, celsum high, lofty, tall; haughty; arrogant/proud;

prominent, elevated; erect; noblecompono, componere, composui,compositus

compare; place/put/add/collect together, collate;match; store/hoard; calm

consentio, consentire, consensi,consensus

join/share in sensation/feeling; be inagreement/harmony; be of the same mind

consul, consulis M consul; supreme magistrate elsewherecorpus, corporis N body; person, self; virility; flesh; corpse; trunk;

frame; collection/sumcrimen, criminis N indictment/charge/accusation;

blame/reproach/slander; verdict/judgmentcunctus, cuncta, cunctum altogether, in a body; every, all, entire;

total/complete; whole ofcuro, curare, curavi, curatus arrange/see/attend to; take care of; provide for;

worry/care about; heal/curedecus, decoris N glory/splendor; honor/distinction; deeds;

dignity/virtue; decorum; grace/beautydestino, destinare, destinavi,destinatus

fix/bind/fasten down; fix, make up mind; aim/fixon target, mark out

dico, dicere, dixi, dictus say, declare, state; allege, declare positively; assert;plead

discordia, discordiae F disagreement, discorddo, dare, dedi, datus give; dedicate; sell; pay;

grant/bestow/impart/offer/lend; devote; allow;make

domus, domi F house, building; home, householddonec while, as long as, untildono, donare, donavi, donatus present, grant; forgive; give, bestowduco, ducere, duxi, ductus lead, command; think, consider, regard; prolongdum while, as long as, until; provided thatduo, duae, duo 2dux, ducis M leader, guide; commander, general; Dukeeadem by the same route; at the same time; likewise;

sameego Ieligo, eligere, elegi, electus pick out, chooseenim namely; indeed; in fact; for; I mean, for instance,

that is to sayeques, equitis M horseman/cavalryman/rider; horsemen, cavalry;

equestrian orderexercitus, exercitus M army, infantry; swarm, flockexitium, exiti(i) N destruction, ruin; death; mischieffacilis, facile, facilior -or -us,facillimus -a -um

easy, easy to do, without difficulty, ready, quick,good natured, courteous



facio, facere, feci, factus make/build/construct/create/cause/do; havebuilt/made; fashion; work

fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus deceive; slip by; disappoint; be mistaken, beguile,drive away; fail; cheat

fama, famae F rumor; reputation; tradition; fame, public opinion,ill repute; report, news

fero, ferre, tuli, latus bring, bear; tell/speak of; consider; carry off, win,receive, produce; get

formido, formidinis F fear/terror/alarm; religious dread/awe;thing/reason which scares, bogy/horror

fortuna, fortunae F chance, luck, fate; prosperity; condition, wealth,property

haud not, not at all, by no means; notidem, eadem, idem same, the same, the very same, alsoigitur therefore, so/then; consequently; accordingly;

well/in that caseignarus, ignara, ignarum ignorant; unaware, having no experience of;

senseless; strangeincertus, incerta, incertum uncertain; unsure, inconstant, variable; doubtfulinde thence, thenceforth; from that place/time/cause;

thereuponingenium, ingeni(i) N nature, innate quality; natural

disposition/capacity; character; talentinitium, initi(i) N beginning, commencement; entranceinsignis, insignis, insigne conspicuous, manifest, eminent, notable, famous,

distinguished, outstandingjubeo, jubere, jussi, jussus order/tell/command/direct; enjoin/command;

decree/enact; request/ask/bid; prayjubo, jubere, additional, forms order/tell/command/direct; enjoin/command;

decree/enact; request/ask/bid; praylaetus, laeta -um, laetior -or -us,laetissimus -a -um

happy/cheerful/joyful/glad; favorable/propitious;prosperous/successful

lego, legare, legavi, legatus bequeath, will; entrust, send as an envoy, chooseas a deputy

lego, legere, legi, lectus read; gather, collect; furl, weigh; pick outlibertus, liberti M freedman; ex-slaveliceo, licere, licui, - fetchlocus, loci M seat, rank, position; soldier's post; quarters;

category; book passage, topiclongus, longa -um, longior -or -us,longissimus -a -um

long; tall; tedious, taking long time; boundless; far;of specific length/time

magis to greater extent, more nearly; rather, instead;more

maneo, manere, mansi, mansus remain, stay, abide; wait for; continue, endure,last; spend the night



manus, manus F hand, fist; team; gang, band of soldiers;handwriting; trunk

militia, militiae F military service/organization; campaign; war;soldiers, army

mitto, mittere, misi, missus send, throw, hurl, cast; let out, release, dismiss;disregard

mos, moris M custom, habit; mood, manner, fashion; character,behavior, morals

moveo, movere, movi, motus move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturbnam for, on the other hand; for instanceneo, nere, nevi, netus spin; weave; produce by spinningnihil, undeclined N nothing; no; trifle/thing not worth mentioning;

nonentity; nonsense; no concernnos wenosco, noscere, novi, notus get to know; learn, find out; become cognizant

of/acquainted/familiar withnovus, nova -um, novior -or -us,novissimus -a -um

new, fresh, young; unusual, extraordinary

nullus, nulla, nullum (gen -ius) no; none, not anynunc now, today, at presentnuntius, nuntia, nuntium announcing, bringing word; giving warning;

prognosticatoryoccido, occidere, occidi, occisus kill, murder, slaughter, slay; cut/knock down;

weary, be the death/ruin ofparo, parare, paravi, paratus prepare; furnish/supply/provide; produce;

obtain/get; buy; raise; put up; planparvus, parva -um, minor -or -us,minimus -a -um

small, little, cheap; unimportant; smallest, least

pater, patris M fatherpaucus, pauca -um, paucior -or -us, paucissimus -a -um

little, small in quantity/extent; few; just a few;small number of

pax, pacis F peace; harmonypecunia, pecuniae F money; propertypericulum, periculi N danger, peril; trial, attempt; risk; responsibility for

damage, liabilityplebs, plebis F common people, general citizens,

commons/plebeians; lower class/ranks; mob/masspossum, posse, potui, - be able, canpost behind, after; subordinate toposterus, postera -um, posterior -or -us, postremus -a -um

coming after, following, next; COMP next in order,latter; SUPER last/hindmost

praeficio, praeficere, praefeci,praefectus

put in charge, place in command

praemium, praemi(i) N prize, reward; gift; recompense

praesens, (gen.), praesentis present; at hand; existing; prompt, in person;



propitiouspraetorius, praetoria, praetorium praetorianprimus, -a, -um firstprior, prior, prius ahead, in front, leading; previous, earlier,

preceding, prior; former; basicprivo, privare, privavi, privatus deprive, rob, freequartus, quarta, quartum fourthqueo, quire, quivi(ii), quitus be ablequia becausequidam, quaedam, quoddam a certain thingquiesco, quiescere, quievi,quietus

rest, keep quiet/calm, be at peace/rest; beinactive/neutral; permit; sleep

quisquam, cuiusquam any, anyone anything; any man, any personquoque likewise/besides/also/too; not only; even/actuallyrapio, rapere, rapui, raptus drag off; snatch; destroy; seize, carry off; pillage;

hurryretineo, retinere, retinui,retentus

hold back, restrain; uphold; delay; hold fast;retain,preserve

rumor, rumoris M hearsay, rumor, gossip; reputation; shoutingsacramentum, sacramenti N sum deposited in a civil process, guaranty; oath of

allegiance; sacramentscelus, sceleris N crime; calamity; wickedness, sin, evil deedseditio, seditionis F sedition, riot, strife,rebellionsenex, senis (gen.), senior -or -us,-

aged, old

sequor, sequi, secutus sum follow; escort/attend/accompany; aim at/reachafter/strive for/make for/seek

servus, servi M slave; servantseu or if; orsimul at same time; likewise; also; simultaneously; at

oncespes, spei F hope/anticipation/expectation;

prospect/hope/promisestatim at once, immediatelystudium, studi(i) N eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal, spirit; devotion,

pursuit, studysub under; up to, up under, close to; until, before, up

to, aboutsuperus, supera -um, superior -or-us, supremus -a -um

above, high; higher, upper, of this world; greatest,last, highest

tamen yet, nevertheless, stilltamquam as, just as, just as if; as it were, so to speak; as

much as; so astantus, tanta, tantum of such size; so great, so much

tempus, temporis N time, condition, right time; season, occasion;



necessitytribunus, tribuni M tribuneubi where, wherebyunus, una, unum (gen -ius) alone, a single/sole; some, some one; only; one set

ofurbanus, urbana, urbanum of the city; courteous; witty, urbaneuter, utra, utrum which, whichever, no matter which; one, either,

one or othervaleo, valere, valui, valitus be strong/powerful/influential/healthy; prevailvel even, actually; or even, in deed; orvester, vestra, vestrum your, of/belonging to/associated with youvir, viri M man; husband; hero; person of courage, honor,

and nobilityvirtus, virtutis F strength/power; courage/bravery;

worth/manliness/virtue/character/excellencevoco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus call, summon; name; call uponvos you (pl)vulgus, vulgi N common people/general

public/multitude/commonherd/rabble/crowd/mob; flock

Words occurring 6 to 10 timesAfricus, Africa, Africum African; from the southwestAlpis, Alpis F Alps, mountains to the north of ItalyFabius, Fabia, Fabium Fabius, Roman gens; Q. Fabius Maximus

Cunctator, hero of second Punic WarHelvetius, Helvetia, Helvetium of/connected with the Helvetii, a people of Cen.

GaulHispania, Hispaniae F Spain; Spanish peninsulaIllyricum, Illyrici N Illyricum; territory NE of Adriatic;

Slovenia/Croatia region, Dalmatia/AlbaniaJanuarius, Januaria, Januarium January; abb. Jan.Kalenda, Kalendae F Kalends, 1st of month; abb. Kal./Kl.; day of

proclamation, interest dueLingones, Lingonum Lingones, a people of West Central GaulMarius, Mari M MariusPompeius, Pompei M Pompeius; , triumvir)Sabinus, Sabina, Sabinum Sabine, of the Sabines/their country/that area; the

shrub savin/its oilVespasianus, Vespasiani M Vespasianaccedo, accedere, accessi,accessus

come near, approach; agree with; be added to;constitute

accendo, accendere, accendi,accensus

kindle, set on fire, light; illuminate; inflame, stirup, arouse; make bright

acer, acris -e, acrior -or -us, sharp, bitter, pointed, piercing, shrill; sagacious,



acerrimus -a -um keen; severe, vigorousadfero, adferre, adtuli, adlatus bring to, carry, convey; report, bring word, allege,

announce; produce, causeadjungo, adjungere, adjunxi,adjunctus

add, attach, join to, add to, support; apply to;harness, yoke; direct; confer

adoptio, adoptionis F adoption of child; adoption into family; graftingadscisco, adsciscere, adscivi,adscitus

adopt, assume; receive, admit, approve of,associate; take over, claim

adulatio, adulationis F flattery, adulation; prostrating oneself; fawning,courtship

aetas, aetatis F lifetime, age, generation; period; stage, period oflife, time, era

agito, agitare, agitavi, agitatus stir/drive/shake/move about; revolve; live;control, ride; consider, pursue

agmen, agminis N stream; herd, flock, troop, crowd; marching army,column, line; procession

alienus, aliena -um, alienior -or -us, alienissimus -a -um

foreign; unconnected; another's; contrary;unworthy; averse, hostile; mad

alo, alere, alui, altus feed, nourish, rear, nurse, suckle; cherish; support,maintain, develop

amicitia, amicitiae F friendship, bond between friends; alliance,association; friendly relations

annus, anni M year; age, time of life; year's produce; circuit,course

armo, armare, armavi, armatus equip, fit with armor; arm; strengthen; rouse, stir;incite war; rig

ars, artis F skill/craft/art; trick, wile; science, knowledge;method, way; character

atrox, atrocis (gen.), atrocior -or -us, atrocissimus -a -um

fierce, savage, bloody; heinous, cruel; severe;terrible, frightening, dreadful

auctoritas, auctoritatis F title, ownership; right to authorize/sanction,power; decree, order

augeo, augere, auxi, auctus increase, enlarge, augment; spread; honor,promote, raise; exalt; make a lot of

augustus, augusta -um, augustior-or -us, augustissimus -a -um

sacred, venerable; majestic, august, solemn;dignified; worthy of honor

auris, auris F ear; hearing; a discriminating sense ofhearing,"ear"; pin on plow

bellus, bella -um, bellior -or -us,bellissimus -a -um

pretty, handsome, charming, pleasant, agreeable,polite; nice, fine, excellent

caput, capitis N head; person; life; leader; top; source/mouth;capital

certo, certare, certavi, certatus vie, contest, contend/struggle, dispute; fight, strivecivilis, civilis, civile of/affecting fellow citizens; civil; legal; public;

political; unassuming



clades, cladis F defeat, reverse; casualties,slaughter/carnage/devastation; ruins; dissolution

classis, classis F class/division of Romans; grade; levy/draft;fleet/navy; group/band

coerceo, coercere, coercui,coercitus

enclose, confine; restrain, check, curb, repress;limit; preserve; punish

colonia, coloniae F colony/settlement or people thereof; colony ofbees; land attached to farm

comito, comitare, comitavi,comitatus

accompany, go along with; attend; follow; growalongside

commilito, commilitonis M fellow soldier; comrade, mateconsto, constare, constiti,constatus

agree/correspond/fit, be correct; bedependent/based upon; exist/continue/last

consulo, consulere, consului,consultus

ask information/advice of; consult, take counsel;deliberate/consider; advise

contra against, facing, opposite; weighed against; asagainst; in resistance/reply to

converto, convertere, converti,conversus

turn upside down/side-to-side;invert/transpose/convulse; turn over/dig

convivium, convivi(i) N banquet/feast/dinner party; guests/people atparty; dining-club; living togethe

copia, copiae F plenty, abundance, supply; troops, supplies; forces;resources; wealth

corrumpo, corrumpere, corrupi,corruptus

spoil/rot; taint/contaminate; damage/ruin, undo;destroy/deface; digest; infect

creber, crebra -um, crebrior -or -us, creberrimus -a -um

thick/crowded/packed/close set;frequent/repeated, constant; numerous/abundant

cunctatio, cunctationis F delay, hesitation; tardiness, inactivity; hesitatingabout/delaying of

cupidus, cupida -um, cupidior -or-us, cupidissimus -a -um

eager/passionate; longing for/desirous of; greedy;wanton/lecherous

cura, curae F concern, worry, anxiety, trouble; attention, care,pains, zeal; cure, treatment

decimus, decima, decimum tenthdeinde then/next/afterward; thereon/henceforth/from

there/then; in next position/placedescisco, desciscere, descivi,descitus

desert/defect/revolt; deviate/abandonstandard/principle; degenerate; fall away

desum, deesse, defui, defuturus be wanting/lacking; fail/miss; abandon/desert,neglect; be away/absent/missing

disciplina, disciplinae F teaching, instruction, education; training;discipline; method, science, study

discrimen, discriminis N crisis, separating line, division; distinction,difference

diu, diutius, diutissime a long/considerable time/while; long since



diverto, divertere, diverti,diversus

separate; divert, turn away/in; digress; oppose;divorce/leave marriage

divus, diva -um, -, divissimus -a -um

divine; blessed, saint

donativum, donativi N gratuitydubius, dubia, dubium doubtful, dubious, uncertain; variable, dangerous;

criticalegregius, egregia, egregium singular; distinguished; exceptional; extraordinary;

eminent; excellentequus, equi M horse; steederga towards, oppositeevenio, evenire, eveni, eventus come out/about/forth; happen; turn outexemplum, exempli N example, sample, specimen; instance; precedent,

case; warning, deterrentexeo, exire, exivi(ii), exitus come/go/sail/march/move out/forth/away, leave;

pass, expire/perish/dieexilium, exili(i) N exile, banishment; place of exile/retreat; exiles,

those exiledexpecto, expectare, expectavi,expectatus

await, expect; anticipate; hope for

facinus, facinoris N deed; crime; outragefamilia, familiae F household; household of slaves; family; clan;

religious communityfavor, favoris M favor, goodwill; bias; applausefinis, finis boundary, end, limit, goal; country, territory, landfoedus, foeda -um, foedior -or -us,foedissimus -a -um

foul; filthy, unclean; disgusting, loathsome,ghastly, beastly; hideous, ugly

foris, foris F door, gate; a folding door; double door; entrancefoveo, fovere, fovi, fotus keep warm; favor, cherish, maintain, fosterfrater, fratris M brother; cousingens, gentis F tribe, clan; nation, people; Gentilesgenus, generis N birth/descent/origin;

race/family/house/stock/ancestry;offspring/descent

germanus, germana, germanum own/full; genuine, real, actual, truegladius, gladi(i) M swordgloria, gloriae F glory, fame; ambition; renown; vainglory, boastinggratia, gratiae F popularity/esteem/credit; partiality/favoritism;

unpopularitygravis, grave, gravior -or -us,gravissimus -a -um

heavy; painful; important; serious; pregnant;grave, oppressive, burdensome

homo, hominis M man, human being, person, fellowhonestus, honesta -um, honestior-or -us, honestissimus -a -um

distinguished, reputable, respected, honorable,upright, honest; worthy

honos, honoris M honor; respect/regard; mark of esteem, reward;



dignity/grace; public officehostis, hostis enemy; stranger, foreigner; the enemyignosco, ignoscere, ignovi,ignotus

pardon, forgive

imago, imaginis F likeness, image, appearance; statue; idea; echo;ghost, phantom

impello, impellere, impuli,impulsus

drive/persuade/impel; urge on/action;push/thrust/strike against; overthrow

impero, imperare, imperavi,imperatus

order, command, levy; rule

impetus, impetus M attack, assault, charge; attempt; impetus, vigor;violent mental urge, fury

infensus, infensa, infensum hostile, bitterly hostile, enragedinops, (gen.), inopis weak, poor, needy, helpless; lacking, destitute,

meagerinrumpo, inrumpere, inrupi,inruptus

invade; break/burst/force/rush in/upon/into,penetrate; intrude on; interrupt

insto, instare, institi, - pursue, threaten; approach, press hard; be close to;stand in/on

insupo, insupare, insupavi,insupatus

throw in

intendo, intendere, intendi,intentus

hold out; stretch, strain, exert

interficio, interficere, interfeci,interfectus

kill; destroy

interim meanwhile, in the meantime; at the same time;however, nevertheless

invado, invadere, invasi, invasus enter, attempt; invade; take possession of; attackinvalidus, invalida, invalidum infirm, weak feeble ineffectualinvidia, invidiae F hate/hatred/dislike; envy/jealousy/spite/ill will;

use of words/acts to arouseira, irae F anger; ire, wrath; resentment; indignation;

rage/fury/violence; bad blooditer, itineris journey; road; passage, path; marchjudex, judicis M judge; jurorlacus, laci M basin/tank/tub; lake/pond;

reservoir/cistern/basin, trough; lime-hole; bin; pitlaudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus recommend; praise, approve, extol; call upon,

name; deliver eulogy onlibertas, libertatis F freedom, liberty; frankness of speech,

outspokennesslibido, libidinis F desire/longing/wish/fancy; lust, wantonness;

will/pleasure; passion/lustsloquor, loqui, locutus sum speak, tell; talk; mention; say, utter; phraseluxuria, luxuriae F luxury; extravagance; thriving conditionmagistratus, magistratus M magistracy, civil office; office; magistrate,



functionarymedius, media, medium middle, middle of, mid; common, neutral,

ordinary, moderate; ambiguousmemoria, memoriae F memory, recollection; history; time within

memorymens, mentis F mind; reason, intellect, judgment; plan, intention,

frame of mind; couragemeus, mea, meum my; mine, of me, belonging to me; my own; to memilito, militare, militavi,militatus

serve as soldier, perform military service, serve inthe army; wage/make war

mille, milis N thousand; thousands; milesmisceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus mix, mingle; embroil; confound; stir upmuto, mutare, mutavi, mutatus move, change, shift, alter, exchange, substitute;

modifynecessitas, necessitatis F need/necessity; inevitability; difficult straits;

poverty; obligation; bondnimius, nimia, nimium excessive, too greatnitor, niti, nisus sum press/lean upon; struggle; advance; depend on;

strive, labornobilitas, nobilitatis F nobility/noble class; birth/descent;

fame/excellence; the nobles; ranknoster, nostra, nostrum ournox, noctis F nightnuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi,nuntiatus

announce/report/bring word/give warning;convey/deliver/relate message/greeting

ob on account of, for the sake of, for; instead of; rightbefore

obsequium, obsequi(i) N compliance; consideration/deference/solicitude;services

obtineo, obtinere, obtinui,obtentus

get hold of; maintain; obtain; hold fast, occupy;prevail

occupo, occupare, occupavi,occupatus

seize; gain; overtake; capture, occupy; attack

offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus offer; present; cause; bestowolim formerly; once, once upon a time; in the futureops, opis F power, might; help; influence; resources/wealthopus, operis N need; work; fortifications, worksordo, ordinis M row, order/rank; succession; series; class; bank;

orderorior, oriri, ortus sum rise; arise/emerge, crop up; get up; begin; originate

fromostento, ostentare, ostentavi,ostentatus

show, display; point out, declare; disclose, hold out

pala, palae F spade; shovelpario, parere, peperi, partus bear; give birth to; beget, bring forth; produce, lay;



create; acquirepatior, pati, passus sum suffer; allow; undergo, endure; permitpereo, perire, perivi(ii), peritus die, pass away; be ruined, be destroyed; go to wastepessimus, pessima, pessimum worst, most incapable; wickedest; most

disloyal/unkind; lowest in quality/rankplaceo, placere, placui, placitus please, satisfy, give pleasure toposco, poscere, poposci, - ask, demandpostquam afterpostulo, postulare, postulavi,postulatus

demand, claim; require; ask/pray for

potens, potentis (gen.), potentior-or -us, potentissimus -a -um

powerful, strong; capable; mighty

potior, potior, potius better/preferable/superior; more useful/effective;more important

praeda, praedae F booty, loot, spoils, plunder, preypraemitto, praemittere, praemisi,praemissus

send ahead or forward

praetorianus, praetoriana,praetorianum

praetorian; of/belonging to the praetoriancohorts/Imperial bodyguard

principor, principari, principatussum

rule; rule over

promitto, promittere, promisi,promissus

promise

pronus, prona, pronum leaning forward; proneprope, propius, proxime near, nearly; close by; almostprosperus, prospera -um,prosperior -or -us, prosperrimus -a -um

prosperous, successful/triumphal;lucky/favorable/propitious

quaero, quaerere, quaesivi,quaesitus

search for, seek, strive for; obtain; ask, inquire,demand

quasi as if, just as if, as though; as it were; aboutquicumque, cuiuscumque who/whatever, no matter who/what, in any

time/way, however smallquies, quietis F quiet, calm, rest, peace; sleepquisvis, cuiusvis any whatever and INDEF whoever it be, whom you

please; any whateverrarus, rara -um, rarior -or -us,rarissimus -a -um

thin, scattered; few, infrequent; rare; in smallgroups; loose knit

recens, (gen.), recentis fresh, recent; restedredeo, redire, redivi(ii), reditus return, go back, give back; fall back on, revert to;

respond, pay backrelinquo, relinquere, reliqui,relictus

leave behind, abandon; be left, remain; bequeath

remedium, remedi(i) N remedy, cure; medicineruo, ruere, rui, rutus destroy, ruin, overthrow; rush on, run; fall; charge;



be ruinedrursus turned back, backward; on the contrary/other

hand, in return, in turn, againsaevitia, saevitiae F rage, fierceness, ferocity; cruelty, barbarity,

violencescio, scire, scivi(ii), scitus know, understandsecretus, secreta -um, secretior -or -us, secretissimus -a -um

separate, apart; private, secret; remote; hidden

sermo, sermonis M conversation, discussion; rumor; diction; speech;talk; the word

servo, servare, servavi, servatus watch over; protect, store, keep, guard, preserve,save

signum, signi N battle standard; indication; seal; sign, proof;signal; image, statue

silentium, silenti(i) N silencesimulatio, simulationis F pretense, deceitsingulus, singula, singulum apiece; every; one each/at a time;

individual/separate/single; severalsocius, socia, socium sharing; associated; alliedsolus, sola, solum (gen -ius) only, single; lonely; alone, having no

companion/friend/protector; uniquespecies, speciei F sight, appearance, show; splendor, beauty; kind,

typesto, stare, steti, status stand, stand still, stand firm; remain, restsubeo, subire, subivi(ii), subitus go/move/pass/sink/extend underneath/into;

climb/come/go up, ascend; steal in onsupplicium, supplici(i) N punishment, suffering; supplication; torturesuspicio, suspicere, suspexi,suspectus

look up to; admire

tam so, so much; to such an extent/degree;nevertheless, all the same

tendo, tendere, tetendi, tensus stretch/spread/extend; distend; aim/directweapon/glance/steps/course; strive

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus frighten, scare, terrify, detertotus, tota, totum (gen -ius) whole, all, entire, total, complete; every part; all

together/at oncetrado, tradere, tradidi, traditus hand over, surrender; deliver; bequeath; relatetranseo, transire, transivi(ii),transitus

go over, cross

trucido, trucidare, trucidavi,trucidatus

slaughter, butcher, massacre

tu youtumultus, tumultus M commotion, confusion, uproar; rebellion, uprising,

disturbanceturbo, turbare, turbavi, turbatus disturb, agitate, throw into confusion



ultra, ulterius, ultimum beyond, further; on the other side; more, morethan, in addition, besides

ultro besides, beyond; to/on the further/other side;voluntarily, unaided; wantonly

unde from where, whence, from what or which place;from which; from whom

universus, universa, universum whole, entire; all together; all; universalutor, uti, usus sum use, make use of, enjoy; enjoy the friendship ofvarius, varia, varium different; various, diverse; changing; colored; party

colored, variegatedvelut just as, as ifvenio, venire, veni, ventus comeverbum, verbi N word; proverbverto, vertere, verti, versus turn, turn around; change, alter; overthrow,

destroyvia, viae F way, road, street; journeyvictoria, victoriae F victoryvindex, vindicis M defender, protectorvis, viris F strength, force, power, might, violence; resources;

large bodyvitium, viti(i) N fault, vice, crime, sin; defectvolo, velle, volui, - wish, want, prefer; be willing, willvox, vocis F voice, tone, expressionvultus, vultus M face, expression; looks

Words occurring 3 to 5 timesAeduus, Aedui M AeduiAegyptus, Aegypti F EgyptAntonius, Antonia, Antonium Antony/AnthonyBelgicus, Belgica, Belgicum of/connected with the BelgaeBritannia, Britanniae F BritainBritannicus, Britannica,Britannicum

British

Clodius, Clodia, Clodium Claudian; of Claudius gensFlaccus, Flacci M FlaccusGallus, Galla, Gallum Gallic, of Gaul/the Gauls; class of gladiator

w/Gallic armorIdus, Idus F Ides, abb. Id.; 15th of month, March, May, July,

Oct., 13th elsewhenLicinius, Licinia, Licinium Licinian; of Licenius gensLugdunum, Lugduni N Lyons in France; Leyden in BelgiumM'., abb. ManiusMartius, Martia, Martium March; abb. Mart.; of/belonging to MarsNum., abb. NumeriusPoenus, Poena, Poenum Carthaginian, Punic; of/associated w/Carthage;



Phoenician; scarlet, bright red

Roma, Romae F RomeSarmata, Sarmatae M Sarmatian; people from south Russia/IranServius, Servi M ServiusSpes, Spei F Spes, goddess of hope; hope personifiedTiberius, Tiberi M Tiberius; abb. Ti./Tib.Titius, Titi M Titius; fictitious name in legal examplesabdo, abdere, abdidi, abditus remove, put away, set aside; depart, go away; hide,

keep secret, concealacies, aciei F sharpness, sharp edge, point; battle line/array;

sight, glance; pupil of eyeadficio, adficere, adfeci, adfectus affect, make impression; move, influence; cause,

afflict, weakenadfirmo, adfirmare, adfirmavi,adfirmatus

affirm/assert; confirm, ratify, restore; emphasize

adfligo, adfligere, adflixi,adflictus

overthrow/throw down; afflict, damage, crush,break, ruin; humble, weaken, vex

adgredior, adgredi, adgressussum

approach, advance; attack, assail; undertake, seize,attempt

adgrego, adgregare, adgregavi,adgregatus

collect, include, group, implicate; flock/jointogether, attach

adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui,adhibitus

summon, invite, bring in; consult; put, add; use,employ, apply; hold out to

adimo, adimere, ademi,ademptus

withdraw, take away, carry off; castrate; deprive,steal, seize; annul; rescue

adipiscor, adipisci, adeptus sum gain, secure, win, obtain; arrive at, come upto/into; inherit; overtake

adopto, adoptare, adoptavi,adoptatus

adopt, select, secure, pick out; wish/name foroneself; adopt legally

adulterium, adulteri(i) N adultery; blending/mixing of differentstrains/ingredients; contamination

aedes, aedis F temple, shrine; tomb; apartment, room; house,abode, dwelling; household

aegre, aegrius, aegerrime scarcely, with difficulty, painfully, hardly;reluctantly, uncomfortably

aequus, aequa -um, aequior -or -us, aequissimus -a -um

level, even, equal, like; just, kind, impartial, fair;patient, contented

affero, afferre, attuli, allatus bring to, carry, convey; report, allege, announce;produce, cause

ager, agri M field, ground; farm, land, estate, park; territory,country; terrain; soil

ala, alae F wing; upper arm/foreleg/fin; armpit; squadron,flank, army's wing

aliquod, undeclined some/several/a few people; more than one; anumber



alter, altera, alterum one; second/another; former/latterambiguus, ambigua, ambiguum changeable, doubtful, ambiguous, wavering, fickle;

treacherous, unethicalambio, ambire, ambivi, ambitus go round, visit in rotation, inspect; solicit, canvass;

circle, embraceambitio, ambitionis F ambition; desire for/currying favor/popularity,

flattery; vote canvassing; pompambitiosus, ambitiosa -um,ambitiosior -or -us,ambitiosissimus -a -um

ambitious, eager to please/for advancement/favor;showy; winding, twisting

amo, amare, amavi, amatus love, like; fall in love with; be fond of; have atendency to

amor, amoris M love; affection; the beloved; Cupid; affair;sexual/illicit/homosexual passion

animadverto, animadvertere,animadverti, animadversus

pay attention to, attend to; notice, observe; judge,estimate; punish

antequam before, sooner than; untilantiquus, antiqua -um, antiquior -or -us, antiquissimus -a -um

old/ancient/aged; time-honored; simple/classic;venerable; archaic/outdated

anxius, anxia, anxium anxious, uneasy, disturbed; concerned; careful;prepared with care; troublesome

appello, appellare, appellavi,appellatus

call; address; dun; solicit; appeal; bring to court;accuse; name

aqua, aquae F water; sea, lake; river, stream; rain, rainfall,rainwater; spa; urine

aquilus, aquila, aquilum dark colored/hued, swarthyardor, ardoris M fire, flame, heat; brightness, flash, gleam or color;

ardor, love, intensityaspernor, aspernari, aspernatussum

despise, scorn, disdain; spurn, push away, repel,reject; refuse, decline

aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, aspectus look/gaze on/at, see, observe, behold, regard; face;consider, contemplate

assum, adesse, affui, affuturus be near, be present, be in attendance, arrive,appear; aid

at but, but on the other hand; on the contrary; while,whereas; but yet; at least

auctor, auctoris seller, vendor; originator; historian; authority;proposer, supporter; founder

aula, aulae F hall; church/temple; palace/castle; inner/royalcourt; courtiers; royal power

aureus, aurea, aureum of gold, golden; gilded; gold bearing; gleaming likegold; beautiful, splendid

avidus, avida -um, avidior -or -us,avidissimus -a -um

greedy, eager, ardent, desirous of; avaricious,insatiable; lustful, passionate

bello, bellare, bellavi, bellatus fight, wage war, struggle; take part in



war/battle/fightbene, melius, optime well, very, quite, rightly, agreeably, cheaply, in

good style; better; bestbrevis, breve, brevior -or -us,brevissimus -a -um

short, little, small, stunted; brief, concise, quick;narrow, shallow; humble

cado, cadere, cecidi, casus fall, sink, drop, plummet, topple; be slain, die; end,cease, abate; decay

callidus, callida -um, callidior -or-us, callidissimus -a -um

crafty, sly, cunning; wise, expert, skillful, clever,experienced, ingenious

capio, capere, cepi, captus take hold, seize; grasp; take bribe; arrest/capture;put on; occupy; captivate

capitolium, capitolii N religious/cathedral chapter, chaptermeeting/house; right of cofraternity

casus, casus M fall, overthrow; chance/fortune; accident,emergency, calamity, plight; fate

cedo, cedere, cessi, cessus go/pass; withdraw/retire/leave; step aside/makeway; take place of

celeber, celebris -e, celebrior -or -us, celeberrimus -a -um

famous, celebrated, renowned; honored,distinguished; famed; notorious

celebro, celebrare, celebravi,celebratus

celebrate/perform; frequent; honor/glorify;publicize/advertise; discuss/bandy

censeo, censere, censui, censitus think/suppose, judge; recommend; decree, vote,determine; count/reckon; assess

certamen, certaminis N contest, competition; battle, combat, struggle;rivalry; dispute

certus, certa -um, certior -or -us,certissimus -a -um

fixed, settled, firm; certain; trusty/reliable; sure;resolved, determined

circo, circare, circavi, circatus traverse; go about; wander throughclamor, clamoris M shout, outcry/protest; loud shouting, applause;

clamor/noise/dinclarus, clara -um, clarior -or -us,clarissimus -a -um

clear, bright, gleaming; loud, distinct; evident,plain; illustrious, famous

classicus, classica, classicum of/connected with fleet/sailors; belonging toa/highest citizen class

clementia, clementiae F mercy/clemency; compassion;indulgence/forbearance; gentleness, mildness,calm

coepi, coeptus (also coepio -ere) begin, commence, initiate; set foot oncogitatio, cogitationis F thinking, meditation, reflection; thought;

intention; plan; opinion, reasoningcognosco, cognoscere, cognovi,cognitus

become acquainted with/aware of; recognize;learn, find to be; inquire/examine

comes, comitis Count, Earl; official, magnate; occupant of anystate office

commendo, commendare,commendavi, commendatus

entrust, give in trust; commit; recommend,commend to; point out, designate



communis, communis,commune

common/joint/public; general/universal

comperior, comperiri, compertussum

learn/discover/find; verify/know for certain; findguilty

concordia, concordiae F concurrence/mutual agreement/harmony/peace;rapport/amity/concord/union; friend

confundo, confundere, confudi,confusus

pour/mix/mass/bring together;combine/unite/blend/merge; spread over, diffuse

conjuratio, conjurationis F conspiracy, plot, intrigue; alliance; band ofconspirators; taking joint oath

conscientia, conscientiae F knowledge, complicity; conscience; sense of guilt,remorse

conscius, conscia, conscium conscious, aware of, knowing, privy; sharingknowledge; guilty

consularis, consularis, consulare consular, of/proper to a consul; of consular rank;proposed/governed by consul

consulatus, consulatus M consulship/consulate; office of consul;actions/acts as consul

contineo, continere, continui,contentus

secure, maintain, sustain; fasten/hold in position;retain, keep safe, preserve

contio, contionis F meeting/assembly; audience/speech; publicopinion; parade addressed by general

contumax, contumacis (gen.),contumacior -or -us,contumacissimus -a -um

proud/unyielding/stubborn/defiant; insolent/stiff-necked/obstinate

contumelia, contumeliae F indignity, affront, abuse/insult; insultinglanguage/behavior; rough treatment

convicium, convici(i) N noise, chatter/outcry/clamor/bawling; noisesource; noisy importuning

cornelius, cornelius Corneliuscrassus, crassa -um, crassior -or -us, crassissimus -a -um

thick/deep; thick coated; turbid/muddy;dense/concentrated/soli

cruentus, cruenta -um, cruentior -or -us, cruentissimus -a -um

bloody/bleeding/discharging blood; gory; bloodred; polluted w/blood-guilt

culpa, culpae F fault/blame/responsibility; crime; negligencecunctor, cunctari, cunctatus sum delay, impede, hold up; hesitate, tarry, linger; be

slow to act; dawdle; doubtcupiditas, cupiditatis F enthusiasm/eagerness/passion; desire; lust;

greed/usury/fraud; ambitiocustodia, custodiae F protection, safe-keeping, defense, preservation;

custody, charge; prisonerdamno, damnare, damnavi,damnatus

pass/pronounce judgment, find guilty;deliver/condemn/sentence; harm/damn/doom

defendo, defendere, defendi,defensus

defend/guard/protect, look after;act/speak/plead/write for defense; prosecute



defero, deferre, detuli, delatus carry/bring/sink/fall down/off;convey/deliver/transfer; reduce/slope

dein then/next/afterward; thereon/henceforth/fromthere/then; in next position/place

depello, depellere, depuli,depulsus

drive/push out//off/away/aside, repel; expel;remove, wean; banish utterly

designo, designare, designavi,designatus

mark; point/mark/trace out, outline/describe;indicate/designate/denote

deus, dei god; God; divine essence/being, supreme being;statue of god

differo, differre, distuli, dilatus postpone/delay/differ; put off, keep waiting; giverespite to; differ, disagree

difficilis, difficile, difficilior -or -us, difficillimus -a -um

difficult, troublesome; hard; hard toplease/manage/deal with/carry out

dignitas, dignitatis F worth, excellence; fitness/suitability,; honor,esteem, standing

digredior, digredi, digressus sum depart; come/go away; part/separate/deviate;divorce; G:digress/leave

dilabor, dilabi, dilapsus sum run/flow/slip away, spread; dissolve/melt away,disperse

dimitto, dimittere, dimisi,dimissus

send away/off; allow to go, let go/off; disband,discharge, dismiss

discerno, discernere, discrevi,discretus

see, discern; distinguish, separate

discors, (gen.), discordis warring, disagreeing, inharmonious; discordant, atvariance; inconsistent

dissimulo, dissimulare,dissimulavi, dissimulatus

conceal, dissemble, disguise, hide; ignore

divido, dividere, divisi, divisus divide; separate, break up; share, distribute;distinguish

dominus, domini M owner, lord, master; the Lord; title forecclesiastics/gentlemen

domus, domus F house, building; home, householddubito, dubitare, dubitavi,dubitatus

doubt; deliberate; hesitate; be uncertain/irresolute

effundo, effundere, effudi,effusus

pour out/away/off; allow to drain; shower; volley;send/stream forth

emo, emere, emi, emptus buy; gain, acquire, obtaineodem to the same place/purposeepistula, epistulae F letter/dispatch/written communication; imperial

rescript; epistle; prefaceerumpo, erumpere, erupi,eruptus

burst/pop; cause to burst; become dislocated

evoco, evocare, evocavi, evocatus call forth; lure/entice out; summon, evoke

excidium, excidi(i) N military destruction; ruin/demolition;



subversion/overthrowexcipio, excipere, excepi,exceptus

take out; remove; follow; receive; ward off, relieve

excuso, excusare, excusavi,excusatus

excuse/justify/explain; make excuse for/plead asexcuse; allege; absolve/exempt

eximo, eximere, exemi, exemptus remove/extract, take/lift out/off/away; banish, getrid of; free/save/release

exolvo, exolvere, exolvi, exolutus unfasten/undo/loose; open; thaw; let flow; solveexpedio, expedire, expedivi,expeditus

disengage, loose, set free; be expedient; procure,obtain, make ready

expeditio, expeditionis F expedition, campaign; rapid march; account; proofby elimination

exposco, exposcere, expoposci, - request, ask for, demand; demand the surrender ofexpostulo, expostulare,expostulavi, expostulatus

demand, call for, remonstrate, complain about

exprobro, exprobrare, exprobravi,exprobratus

reproach, upbraid, reprove; bring up as reproach

exter, extera -um, exterior -or -us,extremus -a -um

outer/external; outward; on outside, far; ofanother country, foreign; strange

externus, externa, externum outward, external; foreign, strangeextimulo, extimulare, extimulavi,extimulatus

goad; stimulate

exul, exulis exile, banished person; wandererfecundus, fecunda -um, fecundior-or -us, fecundissimus -a -um

fertile, fruitful; productive, prolific; abundant;imaginative

feminus, femina, feminum femaleferox, (gen.), ferocis wild, bold; warlike; cruel; defiant, arrogantfestino, festinare, festinavi,festinatus

hasten, hurry

fidus, fida, fidum faithful, loyal; trusting, confidentfilia, filiae F daughterfilius, fili M sonfingo, fingere, finxi, fictus mold, form, shape; create, invent; produce;

imagine; compose; devise, contrivefio, feri, factus sum happen, come about; result; take place, be held,

occur, arisefirmo, firmare, firmavi, firmatus strengthen, harden; support; declare; prove,

confirm, establishfirmus, firma -um, firmior -or -us,firmissimus -a -um

firm/steady; substantial/solid/secure/safe;strong/robust/sturdy/stout/durable

fiscus, fisci M money-bag, purse; imperial exchequerflagitium, flagiti(i) N shame, disgrace; scandal, shameful act, outrage,

disgraceful thing; scoundrel

flagito, flagitare, flagitavi,flagitatus

demand urgently; require; entreat, solicit, press,dun, importune



flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus bend, curve, bow; turn, curl; persuade, prevail on,soften

fortuitus, fortuita, fortuitum casual, accidental, fortuitous, happening by chancefremo, fremere, fremui, fremitus roar; growl; rage; murmur, clamor forfrequens, frequentis (gen.),frequentior -or -us,frequentissimus -a -um

crowded; numerous, full, frequented, populous;repeated, frequent, constant

frustro, frustrare, frustravi,frustratus

disappoint, frustrate, deceive; escape/elude;baffle/evade; fail

gaudeo, gaudere, gavisus sum be glad, rejoicegaudium, gaudi(i) N joy, delight, gladness; source/cause of joy;

physical/sensual delightgrandis, grandis, grande full-grown, grown up; large, great, grand, tall, lofty;

powerful; aged, oldgratus, grata -um, gratior -or -us,gratissimus -a -um

pleasing, acceptable, agreeable, welcome; dear,beloved; grateful, thankful

gregarius, gregaria, gregarium of/belonging to rank and filehaurio, haurire, hausi, haustus draw up/out; drink, swallow, drain, exhausthibernum, hiberni N winter camp; winter quartershiems, hiemis F winter, winter time; rainy season; cold, frost;

storm, stormy weatherhuc here, to this place; to this pointhumanus, humana -um,humanior -or -us, humanissimus-a -um

human; kind; humane, civilized, refined

humilis, humile, humilior -or -us,humillimus -a -um

low, lowly, small, slight, base, mean, humble,obscure, poor, insignificant

ignavus, ignava -um, ignavior -or-us, ignavissimus -a -um

lazy/idle/sluggish; spiritless; cowardly, faint-hearted; ignoble, mean; useless

illuc there, thither, to that place/pointimmensus, immensa,immensum

immeasurable,immense/vast/boundless/unending; infinitelygreat; innumerable

immineo, imminere, -, - threaten, be a threat; overhang, be imminent; withDAT

immodicus, immodica,immodicum

beyond measure, immoderate, excessive

impleo, implere, implevi,impletus

fill up; satisfy, fulfill; fill, finish, complete; spend

impono, imponere, imposui,impositus

impose, put upon; establish; inflict; assign/place incommand; set

imputo, imputare, imputavi,imputatus

charge, enter as debt/credit; take into account;impute, ascribe; lay to charge

incedo, incedere, incessi,incessus

advance, march; approach; step, walk, march along



inchoo, inchoare, inchoavi,inchoatus

begin/start; set going, establish;draft/sketch/outline; enter upon

incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptus begin; start, undertakeinclino, inclinare, inclinavi,inclinatus

bend; lower; incline; decay; grow worse; set; deject

increpo, increpare, increpui,increpitus

rattle, snap, clash, roar, twang, make noise; strikenoisily

incuriosus, incuriosa,incuriosum

careless/negligent; indifferent; paying noattention, off guard, unsuspecting

industrius, industria -um,industriior -or -us, industrissimus-a -um

industrious, diligent; active; zealous; assiduous

inermis, inermis, inerme unarmed, without weapons; defenseless; toothless,without a sting

infer, infera -um, inferior -or -us,infumus -a -um

below, beneath, underneath; of hell; vile; lower,further down; lowest, last

infestus, infesta -um, infestior -or-us, infestissimus -a -um

unsafe, dangerous; hostile; disturbed, molested,infested, unquiet

inficio, inficere, infeci, infectus corrupt, infect, imbue; poison; dye, stain, color,spoil

ingens, ingentis (gen.), ingentior -or -us, ingentissimus -a -um

not natural, immoderate; huge, vast, enormous;mighty; remarkable, momentous

ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum advance, walk; enter, step/go into; undertake,begin

inimicus, inimica -um, inimicior -or -us, inimicissimus -a -um

unfriendly, hostile, harmful

injurius, injuria, injurium unjust, harshinnocens, (gen.), innocentis harmless, innocent; virtuous, uprightinscitia, inscitiae F ignoranceinsidia, insidiae F ambush/ambuscade; plot; treachery, treacherous

attack/device; trap/snareinstigo, instigare, instigavi,instigatus

urge on; incite, rouse

instrumentum, instrumenti N tool, tools; equipment, apparatus; instrument;means; document, deed

insula, insulae F island; apartment houseinsum, inesse, infui, infuturus be in/on/there; belong to; be involved ininteger, integra -um, integrior -or-us, integerrimus -a -um

untouched, entire, whole, complete; uninjured,sound, fresh, vigorous

interpretor, interpretari,interpretatus sum

explain/expound; interpret/prophesy from;understand/comprehend

intersum, interesse, interfui,interfuturus

be/lie between, be in the midst; be present; takepart in; be different

introeo, introire, introivi(ii),introitus

enter, go in or into; invade



invenio, invenire, inveni,inventus

come upon; discover, find; invent, contrive; reach,manage to get

invideo, invidere, invidi, invisus envy, regard with envy/ill will; be jealous of;begrudge, refuse

iracundia, iracundiae F irascibility, hot temper; passion; resentment;anger; wrath

irascor, irasci, iratus sum get/be/become angry; fly into a rage; be angry at;feel resentment

iste, ista, istud that, that of yours, that which you refer to; suchitalicus, italica, italicum of Italy, Italianjaceo, jacere, jacui, jacitus lie; lie down; lie ill/in ruins/prostrate/dead; sleep;

be situatedjacto, jactare, jactavi, jactatus throw away, throw out, throw, jerk about; disturb;

boast, discussjudicium, judici(i) N trial, legal action/process; court/tribunal; courts;

administration of justicejuro, jurare, juravi, juratus swear; call to witness; vow obedience to; conspirejustus, justa -um, justior -or -us,justissimus -a -um

just, fair, equitable; right, lawful, justified; regular,proper

juvenis, juvenis youth, young man/womanjuventa, juventae F youthjuxta nearly; near, close to, near by, hard by, by the side

of; just as, equallylabor, laboris M labor/toil/exertion/effort/work; task/undertaking;

production; childbirthlaetitia, laetitiae F joy/happiness; source of joy/delight; fertility;

fruitfulness; floriditylargitio, largitionis F generosity, lavish giving, largess; bribery;

distribution of dole/landlatebra, latebrae F hiding place, retreat, lair; subterfugelegatus, legati M envoy, ambassador, legate; commander of a legion;

officer; deputylegionarius, legionaria,legionarium

legionary, of a legion

liber, libera -um, liberior -or -us,liberrimus -a -um

free; unimpeded; void of; independent,outspoken/frank; free from tribute

liberalitas, liberalitatis F courtesy, kindness, nobleness; generosity;frankness; gift

licentia, licentiae F freedom, liberty; license, disorderliness;outspokenness

luxus, luxus M luxury, soft living; sumptuousnessmacer, macra -um, macrior -or -us, macerrimus -a -um

thin, scraggy, lean, small, meager; thin, poor

magnitudo, magnitudinis F size, magnitude, bulk; greatness. importance,intensity



majestas, majestatis F majesty, dignity; majesty of people/state;sovereignty

manifestus, manifesta -um,manifestior -or -us,manifestissimus -a -um

detected, plainly guilty; flagrant, plain; caught inact/redhanded; undoubted

manipulus, manipuli M maniple, company of soldiers, one third of acohort; handful, bundle

materia, materiae F wood, lumber, timber; woody branch/growth/partof tree

matrimonium, matrimoni(i) N marriage; matrimonymemoro, memorare, memoravi,memoratus

remember; be mindful of; mention/recount/relate,remind/speak of

mensis, mensis M monthmereor, mereri, meritus sum earn; deserve/merit/have right; win/gain/incur;

earn soldier/whore pay, servemina, minae F Greek weight unit; its weight of silvermissus, missi M messenger; legatemitigo, mitigare, mitigavi,mitigatus

soften; lighten, alleviate; soothe; civilize

modestia, modestiae F restraint, temperateness; discipline; modestymodestus, modesta, modestum restrained, mild; modest; reserved; disciplinedmollis, molle, mollior -or -us,mollissimus -a -um

soft; flexible/supple/loose/pliant; mild/tolerable;easy; calm

moneo, monere, monui, monitus remind, advise, warn; teach; admonish; foretell,presage

mortalis, mortalis, mortale mortal, transient; human, of human originmultitudo, multitudinis F multitude, great number; crowd; rabble, mobmunium, muni(i) N duties, functionsmutatio, mutationis F change, alteration; interchange, exchangemutuus, mutua, mutuum borrowed, lent; mutual, in returnnascor, nasci, natus sum be produced spontaneously, come into

existence/being; spring forth, grow; livenemo, neminis no one, nobodyni if... not; unlessnobilis, nobile, nobilior -or -us,nobilissimus -a -um

noble, well born; aristocratic; outstanding;important/prominent

noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitus harm, hurt; injurenolo, nolle, nolui, - be unwilling; wish not to; refuse tonondum not yetnumerus, numeri M number/sum/total/rank; numerical

strength/plurality; category; tally

nuper, -, nuperrime recently, not long ago; in recent years/our owntime; latest in series

nuto, nutare, nutavi, nutatus waver, give wayobliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum forgetobscurus, obscura -um, obscurior dim, dark, obscure; dusky, shadowy, only



-or -us, obscurissimus -a -um faintly/dimly seen; dingy; gloomyobservo, observare, observavi,observatus

watch, observe; heed

obsto, obstare, obstiti, - oppose, hinderobstringo, obstringere, obstrinxi,obstrictus

confine; involve; oblige, put under an obligation,bind, bind by oath

obvius, obvia, obvium in the way, easy; hostile; exposedoccasio, occasionis F opportunity; chance; pretext, occasionocculo, occulere, occului,occultus

cover; cover up, hide, cover over, conceal

occurro, occurrere, occurri,occursus

run to meet; oppose, resist; come to mind, occur

oculus, oculi M eyeofficium, offici(i) N duty, obligation; kindness; service, officeomen, ominis N omen, sign; tokenomitto, omittere, omisi, omissus lay aside; omit; let go; disregardonero, onerare, oneravi, oneratus load, burden; oppressopprimo, opprimere, oppressi,oppressus

press down; suppress; overthrow; crush,overwhelm, fall upon, oppress

oratio, orationis F speech, oration; eloquence; prayerorbis, orbis M circle; territory/region; sphereoro, orare, oravi, oratus beg, ask for, pray; beseech, plead, entreat; worship,

adorepar, paris (gen.), -, parissimus -a -um

equal; a match for; of equal size/rank/age;fit/suitable/right/proper

pareo, parere, parui, paritus obey, be subject/obedient to;submit/yield/comply; pay attention; attend to

paveo, pavere, pavi, - be frightened or terrified atpavidus, pavida, pavidum fearful, terrified, panicstruckpavor, pavoris M fear, panicpenis, penis M male sexual organ, penis; a tailpercussor, percussoris M murderer, assassinperdo, perdere, perdidi, perditus ruin, destroy; lose; wastepergo, pergere, perrexi, perrectus go on, proceedpermitto, permittere, permisi,permissus

let through; let go through; relinquish; permit,allow; entrust; hurl

peto, petere, petivi, petitus attack; aim at; desire; beg, entreat, ask; reachtowards, make for

plenus, plena -um, plenior -or -us,plenissimus -a -um

full, plump; satisfied

plus, pluris N more, too much, more than enough; more than;higher price/value

poena, poenae F penalty, punishment; revenge/retributionpons, pontis M bridgepostea afterwards



praecipuus, praecipua,praecipuum

particular, especial

praedico, praedicere, praedixi,praedictus

say beforehand, mention in advance;warn/predict/foretell; recommend/prescribe

praepono, praeponere, praeposui,praepositus

place in command, in front of or before; put X infront of Y

pretium, preti(i) N price/value/worth; reward/pay; money;prayer/request

prex, precis F prayer, requestpridem some time ago, previouslyprimoris, primoris M nobles, men of the first rankprimus, prima, primum first, foremost/best, chief, principal; nearest/nextprincipatus, principatus M first place; rule; leadership; supremacy; chief

commandprobrum, probri N disgrace; abuse, insult; disgrace, shameprocul away; at distance, far offprocurator, procuratoris M manager, overseer; agent, deputyprodigium, prodigi(i) N portent; prodigy, wonderprodigus, prodiga, prodigum wasteful, lavish, prodigalprodo, prodere, prodidi, proditus project, thrust forward; bring forth, produce, give

birth to; create; nominateproelium, proeli(i) N battle/fight/bout/conflict/dispute; armed/hostile

encounter; bout of strengthproinde hence, so then; according to/in the same

manner/degree/proportionprojicio, projicere, projeci,projectus

throw down, throw out; abandon; throw away

promiscus, promisca, promiscum mixed, indiscriminate, promiscuous;commonplace, usual

promptus, prompta -um,promptior -or -us, promptissimus-a -um

set forth, brought forward, manifest, disclosed;willing, ready, eager, quick

properus, propera, properum quick, speedypropinquus, propinqua,propinquum

near, neighboring

prout as, just as; exactly asquantus, quanta, quantum how great; how much/many; of what

size/amount/degree/number/worth/pricequattuor 4

quinque, quintus -a -um, quini -ae -a, quinquie(n)s

5th-; 5th

quippe of course; as you see; obviously; naturally; by allmeans

quisdam, cuiusdam certain; as INDEF a certain thing; somebody, one,something



quisquis whoever; every one who; whoever it be; everyone;each

quotiens how often; as often asratio, rationis F account, reckoning, invoice; plan; prudence;

method; reasoning; rule; regardrector, rectoris M guide, director, helmsman; horseman; driver;

leader, ruler, governorreddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus return; restore; deliver; hand over, pay back,

render, give back; translaterefero, referre, rettuli, relatus bring/carry back/again/home; move/draw/force

back, withdraw; go back, returnrego, regere, rexi, rectus rule, guide; manage, directreligio, religionis F supernatural constraint/taboo; obligation;

sanction; worship; rite; sanctityremaneo, remanere, remansi,remansus

stay behind; continue, remain

remitto, remittere, remisi,remissus

send back, remit; throw back, relax, diminish

repente suddenly, unexpectedlyrepeto, repetere, repetivi,repetitus

return to; get back; demand back/again; repeat;recall; claim

revoco, revocare, revocavi,revocatus

call back, recall; revive; regain

robur, roboris N oak; tough core; resolve/purpose; B:tetanusrufus, rufa -um, rufior -or -us,rufissimus -a -um

red; red-haired; tawny; ruddy

saeculum, saeculi N age; generation, people born at a time; breed, race;present time/age; century

saepe, saepius, saepissime often, oft, oftimes, many times, frequentlysalus, salutis F health; prosperity; good wish; greeting; salvation,

safetysanguis, sanguinis M blood; familysecor, seci, secutus sum follow; escort/attend/accompany; aim at/reach

after/strive for/make for/seeksecuritas, securitatis F freedom from care; carelessness; safety, securitysecurus, secura, securum secure, safe, untroubled, free from caresegnis, segne, segnior -or -us,segnissimus -a -um

slow, sluggish, torpid, inactive; slothful,unenergetic; slow moving, slow

sella, sellae F seat, stool, chair; chair ofmagistrate/office/teacher

semper alwayssenator, senatoris M senatorsenectus, senectutis F old age; extreme age; senility; old men; gray hairs;

shed snake skinsententia, sententiae F opinion, feeling, way of thinking; thought,



meaning, sentence/period; purposesentio, sentire, sensi, sensus perceive, feel, experience; think, realize, see,

understandsepono, seponere, seposui,sepositus

put away from one; disregard; isolate; reserve

servitium, serviti(i) N slavery, servitude; slaves; the slave classseveritas, severitatis F strictness, severityseverus, severa -um, severior -or -us, severissimus -a -um

stern, strict, severe; grave, austere; weighty,serious; unadorned, plain

sic thus, so; as follows; in another way; in such a waysimilis, simile, similior -or -us,simillimus -a -um

like, similar, resembling

socordia, socordiae F sluggishness, torpor, inactionsoleo, solere, solitus sum be in the habit of; become accustomed tosordes, sordis F filth, dirt, uncleanness, squalor; meanness,

stinginess; humiliation, basenessspargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsus scatter, strew, sprinkle; spotspatium, spati(i) N space; area/expanse, room; intervening space,

gap/interval; length/widthspeculator, speculatoris M spy, scoutspeculor, speculari, speculatussum

watch, observe; spy out; examine, explore

spolio, spoliare, spoliavi,spoliatus

rob, strip; despoil, plunder; deprive

statio, stationis F outpost, picket; station; watchstatuo, statuere, statui, statutus set up, establish, set, place, build; decide, thinkstipendium, stipendi(i) N tribute, stipend; pay, wages; military servicestrenuus, strenua, strenuum active, vigorous, strenuousstrepo, strepere, strepui,strepitus

make a loud noise; shout confusedly; resound

stuprum, stupri N dishonor, shame; sexual intercoursesuadeo, suadere, suasi, suasus urge, recommend; suggest; induce; propose,

persuade, advisesubtraho, subtrahere, subtraxi,subtractus

carry off; take away; subtract

successor, successoris M successorsumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus take up; begin; suppose, assume; select; purchase;

exact; obtain

supersum, superesse, superfui,superfuturus

be left over; survive; be in excess/superfluous;remain to be performed

supo, supare, supavi, supatus throw; pour; strew, scattersuspicio, suspicionis F suspicion; mistrusttalis, talis, tale such; so great; so excellent; of such kindtego, tegere, texi, tectus cover, protect; defend; hidetelum, teli N dart, spear; weapon, javelin; bullet



tempero, temperare, temperavi,temperatus

combine, blend, temper; make mild; refrain from;control oneself

templum, templi N temple, church; shrine; holy placetemulentus, temulenta,temulentum

drunken

tenebra, tenebrae F darkness, obscurity; night; dark corner; ignorance;concealment; gloom

terra, terrae F earth, land, ground; country, regiontheatrum, theatri N theatertimeo, timere, timui, - fear, dread, be afraidtolero, tolerare, toleravi,toleratus

bear, endure, tolerate

tot so many, such a number of; as many, so many;such a great number of

transfero, transferre, transtuli,translatus

transport/convey/transfer/shift; transpose;carry/bring across/over; transplant

transgredior, transgredi,transgressus sum

cross, go/move/travel over/across; go to otherside; change allegiance/policy

trepidatio, trepidationis F fear/alarm; nervousness/trepidation; physicaltrembling/twitching; oscillation

trepidus, trepida, trepidum nervous, jumpy, agitated; perilous, alarming,frightened; boiling, foaming

tres, tres, tria threetribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus divide, assign; present; grant, allot, bestow,

attributetriginta, tricesimus -a -um, triceni-ae -a, tricie(n)s tristis, tristis, triste sad, sorrowful; gloomyturbidus, turbida, turbidum wild/stormy; muddy/turbid;

murky/foggy/clouded/opaque; gloomy, frowningtuus, tua, tuum yourullus, ulla, ullum (gen -ius) anyultio, ultionis F revenge, vengeance, retributionundique from every side/direction/place/part/source; on

all/both sides/surfacesusque up touter, utris skin; wine/water skin; bag/bottle made of

skin/hideuxor, uxoris F wife

vacatio, vacationis F freedom, exemption; privilegevacuus, vacua, vacuum empty, vacant, unoccupied; devoid of, free ofvagus, vaga, vagum roving, wanderingvalidus, valida, validum strong, powerful; validvasto, vastare, vastavi, vastatus lay waste, ravage, devastatevero yes; in truth; certainly; truly, to be sure; however



1 initium mihi operisseruius galba...

2 opus adgredioropimum casibus atrox...

3 non tamen adeouirtutum sterile...

4 ceterum antequamdestinata componam

repetendum...

5 miles urbanus longocaesarum sacramento...

6 inualidum senemtitus uinius et...

7 forte congruerat utclodii macri...

8 et hic quidem romaetamquam...

9 superior exercituslegatum hordeonium

flaccum...

10 oriens adhucimmotus syriam et...

11 aegyptum copiasquequibus coerceretur iam...

12 paucis post kalendasianuarias diebus...

verus, vera -um, verior -or -us,verissimus -a -um

true, real, genuine, actual; properly named; wellfounded; right, fair, proper

veto, vetare, vetui, vetitus forbid, prohibit; reject, veto; be an obstacle to;prevent

vetus, veteris (gen.), veterior -or -us, veterrimus -a -um

old, aged, ancient; former; veteran, experienced;long standing, chronic

vetustas, vetustatis F old age; antiquity; long durationvexillum, vexilli N flag, bannervicinus, vicina, vicinum nearby, neighboringvicis, vicis F turn, change, succession; exchange, interchange,

repayment; plight, lotvictor, (gen.), victoris triumphantvigil, (gen.), vigilis awake, wakeful; watchful; alert, vigilant, paying

attentionviginti 20vilis, vilis, vile cheap, common, mean, worthlessvincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctus bind, fetter; restrainvinia, viniae F vines in a vineyard/arranged in rows; vine; bower-

like sheltervis, vis F strength, force, power, might, violencevita, vitae F life, career, livelihood; mode of lifevix hardly, scarcely, barely, only just; with difficulty,

not easily; reluctantlyvoluptas, voluptatis F pleasure, delight, enjoymentvoveo, vovere, vovi, votus vow, dedicate, consecratevulgo, vulgare, vulgavi, vulgatus spread around/among the multitude; publish,

divulge, circulate; prostitutevulnus, vulneris N wound; mental/emotional hurt; injury to one's

interests; wound of love

Words occurring 1 to 2 timesClick to show/hide all 1470 definitions



13 potentia principatusdiuisa in titum...

14 sed galba postnuntios germanicae...

15 igitur galbaadprehensa pisonis

manu...

16 si immensumimperii corpus stare...

17 pisonem feruntstatim intuentibus et...

18 quartum idusianuarias foedum

imbribus...

19 inde apud senatumnon comptior...

20 proxima pecuniaecura et cuncta...

21 interea othonem cuicompositis rebus...

22 non erat othonismollis et...

23 sed sceleriscogitatio incertum an...

24 flagrantibus iammilitum animis uelut...

25 sed tum e libertisonomastum...

26 infecit ea tabeslegionum quoque...

27 octauo decimokalendas februarias

sacrificanti...

28 stationem in castrisagebat iulius...

29 ignarus interimgalba et sacris...

30 nihil adrogabo mihinobilitatis aut...

31 dilapsisspeculatoribus cetera

cohors non...

32 uniuersa iam plebspalatium implebat...

33 festinandum ceterisuidebatur antequam

cresceret...

34 nec diutius galbacunctatus speciosiora...

35 tum uero nonpopulus tantum...

36 haud dubiae iam incastris...

37 quis ad uosprocesserim

commilitones...

38 ac ne qua saltemin...

39 iam exterritus pisofremitu crebrescentis...

40 agebatur huc illucgalba uario...

41 uiso comminusarmatorum agmine

uexillarius...

42 titum inde uiniuminuasere de...

43 insignem illa dieuirum sempronium...

44 nullam caedemotho maiore laetitia...

45 alium crederessenatum alium populum...

46 omnia deindearbitrio militum acta...

47 exacto per sceleradie nouissimum...

48 piso unum ettricensimum aetatis...

49 galbae corpus diuneglectum et...

50 trepidam urbem acsimul atrocitatem...

51 nunc initiacausasque motus

uitelliani...

52 sub ipsas superiorisanni kalendas...

53 at in superioregermania caecina...

54 miserat ciuitaslingonum uetere

instituto...

55 inferioris tamengermaniae legiones

sollemni...

56 spectator flagitiihordeonius flaccus

consularis...

57 proxima legionisprimae hiberna erant...

58 igitur laudatamilitum alacritate

uitellius...

59 iulius deinde ciuilispericulo exemptus...

60 praeerat trebelliusmaximus per auaritiam...



61 adiuncto britannicoexercitu ingens uiribus...

62 mira interexercitum

imperatoremque

diuersitas...

63 et treuiros quidemut socios...

64 nuntium de caedegalbae et...

65 ueterem interlugdunensis et

uiennensis...

66 his et pluribus ineundem...

67 plus praedae acsanguinis caecina...

68 illi ante discrimenferoces in...

69 haud facile dictu estlegati...

70 caecina paucos inheluetiis moratus...

71 otho interim contraspem omnium...

72 par inde exultatiodisparibus causis...

73 per idem tempusexpostulata ad...

74 crebrae interim etmuliebribus

blandimentis...

75 ita promissis simulac minis...

76 primus othonifiduciam addidit ex...

77 sic distractisexercitibus ac prouinciis...

78 eadem largitioneciuitatum quoque ac...

79 conuersis ad ciuilebellum animis...

80 paruo interiminitio unde nihil...

81 erat othoni celebreconuiuium primoribus...

82 militum impetus neforibus quidem...

83 otho quamquamturbidis rebus et...

84 uos quidem istudpro me...

85 et oratio adperstringendos

mulcendosque...

86 prodigia insuperterrebant diuersis

auctoribus...

87 otho lustrata urbeet expensis...

88 sepositus per eosdies cornelius...

89 sed uulgus etmagnitudine nimia...

90 pridie idus martiascommendata patribus...

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Vocab Sheet for Tacitus Historiae 1

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