Vocab• leuko - = white

• erythr - = red

• embol - = stopper

• hem = blood

• thromb = clot

• arteri(o) = pertaining to an artery

• - ary = pertaining to

• systol - = contraction

• diastol- = relaxing

THE Cardiovascular

System

• structures: blood, the heart, and blood vessels

• The main functions are to transport nutrients and oxygen(O2) to the cells

and carry carbon dioxide (CO2) and

waste materials away from the cells

• also plays a vital role in our immune system

Components of Blood

Components of bloodhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200081.htm

• Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood (make up approx 50%)

– 90-percent water – 10 percent dissolved fats,

salts, sugars, and Proteins

– Transmits RBC, WBC, and blood clotting factors

• RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC) ERYTHROCYTES

• produced in the bone marrow• contains hemoglobin

– an iron-containing protein allows RBC to carry oxygen.

– gives the RBC their color

• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200028.htm

• WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC) LEUKOCYTES

• WBC are produced in the Red Bone Marrow, The Lymph Nodes, and the Spleen

• The main function is to protect the body against invasion by foreign cells

• platelets are tiny fragments of other cells that were formed in the bone marrow

• play an important role in blood clotting.

• Blood Clotting• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200077.h

tm

• Nutrient Exchange

• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200084.htm

BLOOD VESSELS 

• After the blood leaves the heart, it is pumped through a network of blood vessels to different parts of the body

– blood flows in one direction

• Arteries – strong, elastic vessels

– carry blood away from the heart under high pressure

– The force that blood exerts on the walls of vessels is known as blood pressure

• Arteries subdivide into thinner which lead to finer branched arterioles

• CAPILLARIES

– connects the smallest arterioles and the smallest venules

– Blood vessels with the smallest- diameter

– Semiperable – able to exchange substances in the blood with substances in the tissues

• Venules

– Continues from the capillaries and merge to the veins

• VEINS

– carry blood from part of the body back to the heart

– thinner walls than arteries, less elastic and contain less smooth muscle

–contain valves which prevent back flow of blood

• Blood Flow

• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200078.htm

• Perform a heart transplant

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/transplant.html

THE HEART

• a hollow, muscular organ that contracts at regular intervals, forcing blood through blood vessels

• pericardium – membranse that surrounds the heart

• fluid in the pericardial cavity helps reduce friction as the heart moves

FOUR CHAMBERS

• The upper chambers of the heart are the right and left atria

• receive blood coming into the heart

• The lower chambers are the right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart

Septum – wall that divides the right and left sides of the heart

prevents the mixing of blood

Blood Flow• Deoxygenated blood returns from body to

the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava

– Into R. Atrium

– To R. Ventricle

– Through

Pulmonary Artery

– To lungs (picks up O2 ,

drops off CO2

• Oxygenated Blood returns from the lungs to the heart through the pulmonary veins

– into L. Atrium

– To the L. Ventricle

– Through the aorta

(ascending and descending)

– To the rest of the body

(drop off O2 and pick up CO2)

• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200083.htm

• Note: All arteries carry O2 blood except for the pulmonary artery

All veins carry de-O2 blood except for the pulmonary vein

• Coronary arteries – supply blood to the tissue of the heart

Valves

• valves prevent the backflow of blood

• Blood Pressure

• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200079.htm

• Tricuspid or AV valve– b/w R.A. and R.V.• Pulmonary Valve – at the base of the pul. artery;prevents back flow into R.V. • Bicuspid (mitral valve)-b/w L.A. and L.V• Aortic Valve – at the base or the aorta;Prevents backflow into the L.V.

• The River of Lifehttp://library.thinkquest.org/C0115080/?c=circ_sys

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/

• Aneurysms • http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200047.htm

• Arrhythmiahttp://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200035.htm

• Coronary Artery Disease• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200082.htm

• Coronary Artery Bypass• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200138.htm

• Irregular Heartbeat• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200141.htm

• Angioplasty• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200140.htm

Cardiomyopathy• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200045.htm