VOCAB LESSON 3DIRECTIONS:Complete the vocab chart to feed your brain new words

ADVERSARY

• Def: (noun) an enemy, opponent• Syn: antagonist, rival, foe• Ant: friend, ally, supporter, confederate• Sent: For a fight to be fair, the adversaries

should be in the same weight class.

ALIENATE

• Def: (verb) to turn away; to make indifferent or hostile; to transfer, convey• Syn: separate, drive apart,

estrange• Ant: befriend, attract,

captivate, reconcile• Sent: After her best friend

alienated her, she decided to befriend new people who were more loyal.

ARTIFICE

• Def: (noun) a skillful or ingenious device; a clever trick; a clever skill; trickery• Syn: ruse, stratagem, contrivance• Sent: Her plan to have her sister take the driving

test in her place didn’t require much artifice, as the twins were identical.• HINT: Sounds like “artificial.”

COERCE

• Def: (verb) to compel, force• Syn: pressure, bully, intimidate, constrain• Ant: persuade, cajole• Sent: Sally’s older brother tried to coerce her

into giving up her candy, but after three hours of trick-or-treating in the cold, she wouldn’t be cajoled out of a single Jolly Rancher.

CRAVEN• Def: (adjective) cowardly; (noun) coward• Syn: fearful, fainthearted, pusillanimous• Ant: brave, courageous, valiant• Sent: Only the most craven scoundrels abuse animals.

CULINARY• Def: (adjective) of or related to cooking or the kitchen• Sent: Despite pressure from her parents to go to a big

university, she chose to follow her dream by attending a small culinary school in the French countryside.

DELETE• Def: (verb) to erase, wipe

out, cut out• Syn: remove, cancel,

expunge• Ant: insert, add, retain,

include• Sent: We couldn’t wait till

our favorite movie came out on DVD so we could finally see the deleted scenes.

DEMISE• Def: (noun) a death, especially of a person in a

lofty position• Syn: decease, passing away• Ant: birth, beginning, commencement• The DVD player quickly led to the demise of the

VCR, but it too is becoming obsolete because of digital downloads.

EXHILARATE• Def: (verb) to enliven, cheer, give spirit or

liveliness to • Syn: stimulate, excited, gladden• Ant: discourage, dispirit, dishearten, inhibit• Sent: While Grandpa’s stories weren’t exactly

exhilarating, we usually humored him.

FALLOW• Def 1: (adjective) plowed, but not seeded; inactive;

reddish-yellow• Def 2: (noun) land left unseeded• Def 3: (verb) to plow, but not seed• Syn: unproductive, inert, dormant• Ant: productive, fertile, prolific• Sent: After a fallow period of vacation, we realized it was

time to use our brains for more than just watching tv.

HARASS• Def: (verb) to disturb, worry; to trouble by

repeated attacks• Syn: annoy, pester, bedevil, beleaguer• Sent: Harassment and bullying have not

disappeared—they have just gone digital.

INCLEMENT

• Def: (adjective) stormy, harsh, severe in attitude or action• Syn: blustery, tempestuous, implacable• Ant: mild, gentle, balmy, tranquil• Sent: Due to the hazardous road conditions

caused by inclement weather, we will have to cancel the baseball game.

MUSE• Def 1: (verb) to think about in a dreamy way; to

ponder• Def 2: (noun) guiding spirit or inspiration• Syn: meditate, contemplate, daydream• Sent: After musing over her report card, she

decided it was time to start putting forth more effort on her homework.

NEGLIGIBLE• Def: (adjective) so unimportant that it can be disregarded• Syn: trivial, inconsequential, insignificant• Ant: significant, crucial, momentous• Sent: Because up till now the Food and Drug Administration

considered less than a half a gram of trans-fat to be negligible, companies could label their foods as trans-fat-free, even if they have a half a gram per serving.

PERPETUATE

• Def: (verb) to make permanent or long lasting• Syn: continue, preserve,

prolong indefinitely• Ant: discontinue, abolish,

abandon• Sent: Although the kids

loved the cartoon, Dad felt that it perpetuated negative images of parents.

PRECEDENT• Def: (noun) an example that may serve as a basis

for imitation or later action• Syn: guide, tradition, model• Sent: Three people were ticketing for jaywalking

on the main road to set a precedent encouraging people to use the crosswalk. •

PUNITIVE• Def: (adjective) inflicting or

aiming at punishment• Syn: penalizing, retaliatory• Sent: The only punitive

measure taken against the celebrity was a requirement to serve one hundred hours of community service.

REDRESS

• Def 1: (verb) to set right, remedy• Def 2: (noun) relief from wrong or injury• Syn: rectify, correct, mitigate• Sent: People who lost their homes in the

hurricane last year have received little redress by way of government aid.

SOJOURN• Def 1: (noun) a temporary stay• Def 2: (verb) to stay for a time• Syn: visit, stopover, brief stay• Sent: Any trip to California would not be

complete without a sojourn in San Francisco.

URBANE• Def: (adjective) refined in manner or style, suave• Syn: elegant• Ant: crude, uncouth, boorish