Vivi on nuclear power in China
Transcript of Vivi on nuclear power in China
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Siwei (VIVI) Cai
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Nuclear power is the use of exothermic nuclear. The processes generates useful heat and electricity.
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/the-curious-wavefunction/2013/08/22/nuclear-vs-renewables-a-tale-of-disparities/ http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/09/18/the-party-platforms-on-energy-and-nuclear/
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Nuclear energy heat energy mechanical energy electrical energy
http://box804.bluehost.com/suspended.page/disabled.cgi/buildtheenterprise.org
http://box804.bluehost.com/suspended.page/disabled.cgi/buildtheenterprise.org
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Share Description
70% Fixed costs for construction
20% Fixed operations (cost/kWh): depends on reliability of plant
10% Variable operations: maintenance, repair, and fuel
Not including
Decommissioning, waste disposal and waste management, risk of a meltdown, environmental and human harm
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China’s electricity is largely produced from fossil fuels with about 80% coming from coal.
The Chinese loss 6% of GDP
due to pollution.
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/world.cfm
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Low operating and maintenance costs compared to coal due to fuel costs.
Uranium cost: $0.5-$0.66 /kWh
coal cost: $1.6-$7.9 /kWh
Less capital costs compared to U.S AP 1000
China : $1600-$2000/kW
USA: about $6000/kW
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The first nuclear power plan was in 1970 and nuclear plant was constructed in 1991.
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-A-F/China--Nuclear-Power/
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Reason: construction techniques are very
efficient and involve low labor costs.
For example: Britain signed a $25.9 billion contract
location: Hinkley point
Chinese companies have stakes but bear about 30% to
40% of the project cost.
benefit: majority stake, develop its own reactors and
rely on foreign technology
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Benefit Cost
emission-free radioactive waste
no intermittency problem nuclear accidents
low operating and maintenance costs
nuclear weapon
can provide a good base load of electricity
Non Renewable
a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant
high construction costs
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The external costs are significantly less
file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Nuclear+power+development+for+Greenhouse+Gas+emission+reduction+in+China.pdf
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Increase Economy Increase tax revenue
$400 billion * 7%=$28 billion
higher return on investment compared to other new energy
ROI for nuclear power: 23%
ROI for solar power: 7~12%
ROI for wind power: 5~6%
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Nuclear waste Cannot dispose, only store away.
6 million years to reduce the radioactivity of a uranium ore.
two existed LILW facilities but no HLW facilities.
Beilong facility located in Guangdong (above ground)
Yumen facility located in Gansu (under ground)
http://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/an-initial-exploration-of-the-potential-for-deep-borehole-disposal-of-nuclear-wastes-in-china/#axzz2wB72AXeN
http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/4281/i-still-call-it-the-jaec
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Canada is a good symbol for China massive funds for cleaning.
Estimated an $18.7 billion cleanup cost but only $420 million has been allotted
Solution: a deep geological disposal method choosing a best position
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Reasons: 1) Less population 2) No mineral resources 3) Favourable geological conditions (moorstone)
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Barriers Not many laws to regulate nuclear waste management and
disposal in China.
the budget on HLW activities is relatively low.
E.g $2.5 to $5 billion total in the years 2045 to 2070
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http://followkarenellis.com/fukushimajapan-2-years-later-after-tsunami-and-nuclear-disaster/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_nuclear_weapons
Energy Source Mortality Rate(deaths/trillionkWhr)
Coal – global average 170000
Coal – China 280000
Coal – U.S. 15000
Oil 36000
Natural Gas 4000
Biofuel/Biomass 24000
Solar (rooftop) 440
Wind 150
Hydro-global average 1400
Nuclear-global average 90
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Highly probable a nuclear disaster will occur “most probably” experience a major nuclear accident
within the next 69 year. (why?)
14767(reactor-years)/23(number of accidents)=624
China: 4922(reactor-years)/71(by 2020)= 69
less capital cost (benefit or cost?)
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Solution Apply strict rules and provide guidelines
1. Safety check at all nuclear facilities
2. Strengthen the approval
Barriers Lack of technicians (5000~6000)
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Developing newer and safer ways of power generations.
Increase public awareness
Increase public education
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http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-projected-nuclear-energy-usage-2013-7#ixzz2wGnyYIy5
http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-11/07/content_17086701.htm
http://econet.ca/issues/mining/green_alt.html
http://world.time.com/2013/10/18/what-chinas-growing-nuclear-power-means-for-the-world/
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/42219006/ns/world_news-asia_pacific/t/chinas-nuclear-energy-policy-build-baby-build/#.UuTpN_vhVgt
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Current-and-Future-Generation/World-Energy-Needs-and-Nuclear-Power/
https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/5808-Chinese-nuclear-disaster-highly-probable-by-2-3-
http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2012/06/10/energys-deathprint-a-price-always-paid/
http://nautilus.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/China_Zhou_May-28th-2013-version-2.pdf