Vitamins

VITAMINS

FACULTY STUDENTS

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SIR Zahir Ali Subject:-

Integrated Sciences

BurhanDildar khanZakir Ali ShahAlmas GulSaima

Aims of presentation

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Define the VitaminsClassification of VitaminsWater Soluble Vitamins Fat Soluble Vitamins

DEFINITION

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Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts for the normal growth and function of humans and some animals.

The term vitamin was first used to describe the “vital amine,” thiamine, which is needed to prevent beriberi (once a common disease among people who depended upon white rice for their main source of food.)

“Vitamin” as a generalized name survived.

Vitamin C

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James Lind, a Scottish physician published a paper in 1747 that clearly linked the prevention of scurvy to the consumption of citrus fruits in the diet.

Following his suggestions, The Royal Navy issued lime rations to sailors, resulting in their nickname, “limeys.”

Seven years earlier, a British task force of six ships lost almost 1,000 sailors to scurvy during an extended sea voyage.

Vitamins

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Researchers identified newly discovered vitamins by letters because the exact chemical structures were unknown. Later, what was thought to be one single vitamin often turned out to be many, and they added numerical subscripts to identify each different member of the group.

Consider the B-vitamins: B1, B2, B3, B6, B12

Vitamins

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Some confusion also arose as to which vitamins were really necessary, resulting in gaps between numerical subscripts.

For example, B8 (adenylic acid), B13 (orotic acid), and B15 (parigamic acid)

were removed from the list of essential vitamins.

FACTS ABOUT VITAMINS

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Vitamins are found in almost everything you eat

Processing affects vitamin contentDietary supplements can boost

vitamin intakeNot all of what you eat can be used

by the body

CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS

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VITAMINS HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN GROUPED BASED ON THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER OR FAT

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

B VITAMINS• THIAMIN B1• RIBOFLAVIN B2• NIACIN B3•BIOTIN•PANTOTHENIC ACID•B 6•FOLATE•B 12

VITAMIN A

VITAMIN C VITAMIN D

VITAMIN E

VITAMIN K

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

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VITAMIN B COMPLEXVITAMIN C

VITAMIN B COMPLEX

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B vitamins are a group of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. The B vitamins were once thought to be a single vitamin, referred to simply as vitamin B. Later research showed that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. In general, supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e.g., B1, B2, B3 etc.).


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B COMPLEX

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B vitamins are found in whole unprocessed foods.

Good sources for B vitamins include whole grains, potatoes, bananas, lentils, chili peppers, tempeh, beans, nutritional yeast, brewer's yeast, and molasses. Although the yeast used to make beer results in beers being a source of B vitamins, their bioavailability ranges from poor to negative as drinking ethanol inhibits absorption of thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), biotin (B7) and folic acid (B9).


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempeh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritional_yeast

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewer's_yeast

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molasses

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol

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VITAMIN NAME DEFICIENCY

Vitamin B1

Thiamine

Deficiency causes beriberi. Symptoms of this disease of the nervous system include weight loss, emotional disturbances.

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

Deficiency causes ariboflavinosis. Symptoms may include cheilosis (cracks in the lips), high sensitivity to sunlight,

Vitamin B3

Niacin Deficiency causes pellagra. Symptoms include aggression, dermatitis, insomnia, weakness, mental confusion, and diarrhea

Vitamin B5

Pantothenic Acid

Deficiency can result in acne and paresthesia, although it is uncommon.

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxine

Deficiency may lead to microcytic anemia (because pyridoxyl phosphate is the cofactor for heme synthesis), depression, dermatitis

Vitamin B7

Biotin Deficiency does not typically cause symptoms in adults but may lead to impaired growth and neurological disorders in infants

Vitamin B9

Folic acid

Deficiency results in a macrocytic anemia, and elevated levels of homocysteine. Deficiency in pregnant women can lead to birth defects.

Vitamin B12

Cobalamin

Deficiency results in a macrocytic anemia, elevated homocysteine, peripheral neuropathy, memory loss and other cognitive deficits.


VITAMIN C

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Is involved in many processes in human body

The most important function for vitamin C is the synthesis of collagen, the principal tissue protein found in tendon, arteries.


SOURCES OF VITAMIN C

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Plant sources (Orange, lemon, Garlic, Carrot, Onion, Apple)

Animal sources (Cow milk, Camel milk, Goat milk etc)

Food preparationSupplements (Tablets, Multivitamins etc)Industrial synthesisFood fortification (Addition of vitamins and

minerals in food).


Deficiency of vitamin C

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Leads to scurvy, poor wound healing, bleeding gums and mucus membrane, minor hemorrhage, bruising, loose teeth and the effects of excessive intake may lead to kidney stone, scurvy on withdrawal, and urinary tract infection.


FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

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VITAMIN AVITAMIN DVITAMIN EVITAMIN K

VITAMIN A

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Assists with formation of epithelium, skin and mucus membrane

Maintains healthy eyesAssists with bone remodeling


18 FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

Sources


Deficiency

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Dry skin, poor immunity and slow growthNight blindness, xeropthalmia (total

blindness)


VITAMIN D

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Considered as hormone that facilitates absorption of Ca and P

It assists with bone formation by aiding the absorption of calcium


SOURCES


FUNCTION


DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN D


VITAMIN E

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Antioxidant and promotes RBCDeficiency of vitamin E is

hemolytic anemiaRDA 15 mg / day


SOURCES


FUNCTION


VITAMIN K

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Assists in the synthesis of prothrombin required for blood clotting.

Deficiency symptoms are prolonged bleeding and increased clotting time.


SOURCES


FUNCTION OF VIT-K


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THANKS TO ALL OF YOU,,,

Vitamins

Education

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