Vitamin Deficiency Symptoms

Vitamin A deficiency• Xeropthalmia in rat - dryness of the cornea• Early stages are curable

Cured with 6 days treatment with Vitamin A

Late Stages are incurable - Vitamin A deficiency

• Clouding of cornea, ulceration, keratomalacia

Vitamin A deficiency Night Blindness

Imagine you are in the car at the left and this is what you see.

Car approaches, note sign on the right.

Car passes. Notice distance down the road, signs.

Normal vision

Car passes. Notice distance down the road, signs.Car passes. Notice distance down the road, signs.

Night BlindnessEye fails to adapt quickly to decreased light.

Follicular hyperkeratosis. Goose flesh. Pustulation occurs and is confused with acne.

Vitamin A deficiency. Human shoulder.

Histological section of skin. Hair follicle with hyperkeratosis. (Excess keratinized tissue).

Pellegra. Niacin deficiency. Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia.

Same patient after niacin treatment.

Riboflavin deficiency. Generalized dermititis & growth failure. Marked keratitis of cornea.

1 month of riboflavin treatment. Only slight traces of deficiency symptoms remain.

2 months of riboflavin treatment. No signs remain.

Thiamin deficiency - Polyneuritis. Arched back & hyperextended legs, spastic gait, loss of balance.

Same rat as previous after 8 hrs treatment with Thiamin HCL.

Pantothenic acid deficiency in chick

Same chick as previous after 3 weeks treatment.

Biotin deficiency - egg white injury from avidin

3 weeks therapy with biotin. Hair takes time to grow but it’s recovering.

3 months therapy with biotin. Recovered. (fat rat)

Folic acid deficiency - stunted, poorly feathered, severely anemic.

Folic acid adequate chick of same age as last.(hard to believe, isn’t it)

Normal and rachitic bone. Vitamin D deficiency.

Advanced rickets

Normal rat seminiferous tubules of testis showing spermatatids. Vitamin E sufficient.

Intermediate stage of degeneration from Vit E deficiency. Sperm production has ceased. Still reversible.

Advanced degeneration. Tubules shrunken. Irreversible. Sterile.

Normal rat fetuses at 16 days of pregnancy.

Vit E deficient rat at 16th day. Autolyzed fetuses & placenta.

Muscular dystrophy from Vit E deficiency. Guinea pig muscle fiber fragmentation, degeneration & necrosis. Lots of infiltrating neutraphils, etc.

Normal muscle should look more like this.

Vit K deficiency. Spontaneous hemorrhages.

Normal Vit K sufficient bird for comparison.

Vit K deficiency in man. Hemorrhagic disease of newborn. Reason for Vit K injection at birth.

It’s a brain of a baby.

Vit A: Trachea, Keratinizing metaplasia. The flat layer of cells at the surface shouldn’t be there.

Vit A: Kidney. Keratinized cells without nuclei shouldn’t be there. Metaplasia occuring.

Vit A: Lung. Metaplasia & keritinization.

Vit A: Uterus. Keratinizing of stratified squamous epithelium.

Farm Animals

The following slides, though not of the highest quality, illustrate some of the vitamin deficiencies in livestock.

Vit A: 6 mo old calves. Calf in rear got 20 ml cod liver oil. Deficient calf in front was blind.

Vit A: Emaciation, night blindness, scours.

Vit A: Advanced xerophthalmia , clouded cornea.

Vit A deficiency in diet of dam caused calf to be born blind & weak.

Section of damaged optic nerve showing constriction.

Blind steer walking into a fence. Vitamin A deficiency

Edema (anasarca) of the brisket. Vit A deficiency.

Advanced anasarca in hindquarters of steer. Vit A.

Vit A deficiency in pig on the right

Xeropthalmia (on rt.)

Paralysis of hind limbs.

Lamb with stiff lambdisease from Vitamin Edeficiency.

Muscle showing white streaks where degeneration occurs.

Vitamin E deficiency: Mulberry Heart disease.Note massive white streaks of degeneration.

Pantothenic acid deficiency.Typical Goose Stepping - incoordination.

Thiamine deficiency - Polyneuritis

Thiamine: Polyneuritis. Baby lamb is functionalnonruminant. Head retraction, incoordination.

Riboflavin

Top pig is markedlysmaller, poor doing,poor hair coat andskin.

Riboflavin deficiency

Poor reproductive performance; stillborn pigs.

Niacin deficiency

Note difference in growth and condition.

Intestine: Compare this with the next slide showing Niacin deficiency.

Intestine: Niacin deficiency results in necrotic enteritis, ulceration. (Therefore extremely poor

absorption; scouring).

B6 (Pyridoxine) deficiency Pig showing an epilectic-like seizure

B6 (Pyridoxine) deficiency Pigs showing marked difference in growth

Biotin deficiency Skin lesions

Biotin deficiencyEpithelial lesions on foot of chickens

B12 deficiency

Note difference in growth and condition. Pig at top has not grown as well and hasrougher skin and hair coat.