MY GROUP MEMBERS NURUL NADIA BINTI A. AZIZ

09BHK10F2001

NOR FARAHIN BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN 09BHK10F2024

SYAHEERA BINTI OTHMAN 09BHK10F2038

NUR FATEHA BINTI JAAFAR 09BHK10F2042

VITAMIN

VITAMINS Vitamins are natural substances found in plants and animals and known as

Essential nutrients for human beings.

The name vitamin is obtained from "vital amines" as it was originally thought that these substances were all amines.

Human body uses these substances to stay healthy and support its many functions.

There are two types of vitamins: water-soluble and fat-soluble.

The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E and K The body needs vitamins to stay healthy and a varied diet usually gives you all the

vitamins you need.

Vitamins do not provide energy (calories) directly, but they do help regulate energy-producing processes. With the exception of vitamin D and K, vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from the diet.

Vitamins have to come from food because they are not manufactured or formed by the body.

Characteristics of the vitamins are Most of the vitamins have been artificially

synthesized. Some of vitamins are soluble in water and others are

fat-soluble. Some vitamins are synthesized in the body. Some

members of vitamin B complex are synthesized by microorganisms in the intestinal tract.

Vitamins are partly destroyed and are partly excreted.

Vitamins can be stored in the body to some extent, for example the fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and subcutaneous tissue.

Vitamins can perform their work in very small quantities. Hence, the total daily requirement is usually very small.

VITAMIN A •It can be found in many fruits, vegetables, eggs, whole milk, butter, fortified margarine, meat.•It can also be made in a laboratory.

FUNCTION •reduce complications of diseases such as malaria, HIV, measles.•maintaining clear skin

LACK OF VITAMIN A

•blindness,• cataracts, •decreased immune

EXCESS OF VITAMIN A

•birth defects, •liver abnormalities, •central nervous system disorders,• increase osteoporosis

VITAMIN B •vitamin B is a list of multiple vitamins like B1, B2, B6, B12. •Rich sources of vitamin B include whole grains, fish and seafood, leafy green veggies, dairy goods like milk and yogurt, beans and peas and so on

FUNCTION • Vitamin B aids in creating energy the body utilises to execute its activities.• Vitamin B also takes part actively in making red blood cells that carry oxygen to different parts of your body.

LACK OF VITAMIN B

•dry skin, •dry lips, •nausea, insomnia,• tired.

EXCESS OF VITAMIN B

•Excess of B group vitamins are very rare since the vitamin is excreted through urine.•When injected, allergic reactions like sweating, shortness of breath, itching.• Long term overdosage has been reported to cause headache. •Extremely large doses may result in death.

VITAMIN C Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning that your body doesn't store it. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) assists the body in the production of collagen, a basic component of connective tissues. Foods loaded in vitamin C, aside from citrus fruits are: orange, lime, tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage and strawberries.

FUNCTION • it provides help in bracing your gums and muscle salso aids in healing injuries. •vitamin C for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body.

LACK OF VITAMIN C

•muscle weakness, •bleeding gums, •loss of teeth,• and bleeding under the skin, as well as tiredness and depression, •causes wounds to heal slowly. 

EXCESS OF VITAMIN C

•.High doses can cause kidney stones, •diarrhea and nausea.

Vitamin D •It can be found in small amounts in a few foods, including fatty fish such as herring, mackerel, sardines and tuna. •To make vitamin D more available, it is added to dairy products, juices, and cereals

FUNCTION •It works towards bracing your bones and teeth.•Prevention of osteoporosis•It is also used for boosting the immune system

LACK OF VITAMIN D

•Cause skin cancer • Diabetes •Depression, and •Fatigue

EXCESS OF VITAMIN D

•Weakness •Weight loss •Nausea

VITAMIN E •Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties.•sources of vitamin E are: whole grains, eg wheat and oats, leafy green vegetables, egg yolks, nuts, poultry and so on.

FUNCTION •It looks after your lungs and •also aids in formation of red blood cells.

LACK OF VITAMIN E

•Loss of muscle mass• Abnormal eye movements• Unsteady walking • Barren

EXCESS OF VITAMIN E

•excess vitamin E intake can cause muscle weakness• fatigue, nausea and diarrhea•increase your risk of bleeding

VITAMIN K •Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, so your body stores it in fat tissue and the liver•The "K" comes from its German name, Koagulationsvitamin. sources of vitamin k leafy green veggies, dairy goods, like milk and yogurt, pork for example.

FUNCTION •It is best known for its role in helping blood clot, or coagulate,

LACK OF VITAMIN K

•Difficult for blood to clot when cut and •bleeding in the body

EXCESS OF VITAMIN K

•Diarrhea•Nausea•Vomiting• Anemia•But over time, these symptoms progress into liver damage and, if an infant is getting large doses, that infant is at risk of getting brain damage.

CONCLUSION

There are 13 essential vitamins and each one has a special role to play within the body, helping to regulate the processes such as cell growth and repair, reproduction and digestion

Vitamins can perform their work in very small quantities. Hence, the total daily requirement is usually very small.

REFERENCE http://life-health-beauty.com/food-fitness/vita

min/vitamin-important-nutrients-for-health/ http://lackofvitamind.org/ http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/about-vitami

n-d/what-is-vitamin-d/vitamin-d-toxicity/ http://www.livestrong.com/article/471029-wh

at-happens-when-body-gets-too-much-vitamin-e/

http://www.helium.com/items/1352792-vitamim-k-overdose-symptoms

http://xploreonline.blogspot.com/2011/04/vitamin-in-foods.html

http://www.powervitamins.com/VitaminC.htm http://marvinwhite2k10.blogspot.com/ http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/18114.htm https://ufandshands.org/vitamin-k#!prettyPh

oto[adam]/1/