Data from theNATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

DisabilityDaysUnitedStates 1975

Statistics are presented on the number of days of restricted activityand bed disability per person per year, days lost from work percurrently empIoyed person per year, and days lost from school perschool-age child 6-16 years old per year. The rates of disability daysare presented by age, sex, race, place of residence, geographicregion, family income, usual activity status, employment status,industry, and occupation. This report is based on data coIIected inhousehold intert~iews during 1975.

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 78-1546

Series 10Number 118

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFAREPublic Health Service

National Center for Health StatisticsHyattsville, Md. June 1978

— —.—

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 10-No. 118

NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis

GAIL F. FISHER, Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System

ELIJAH L. WHITE, Associate Director for Data Systems

JAMES T. BAIRD, JR., Ph .D., Associate Director for International Statrktics

ROBERT C. HUBER, Associate Director for Management

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph. D., Associate Director for Mathematical Stdistks

PETER L. HURLEY, Associate Direcforfor Operations

JAMES M. ROBEY, Ph. D., Associate Director for Program Development

PAUL E. LEAVERTON, Ph.D., Associate Director-for Research

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer

DIVISION OF HEALTH INTERVIEW STATISTICS

ROBERT R. FUCHSBERG, Director

ABIGAIL J. MOSS, Acting Chiej Ikess and Disability Statistics Branch

ROBERT A. WRIGHT, Acting C/ziej Utilization and Expenditure Statisfics Branch

CLINTON E. BURNHAM, C.hiefi .!hruey Planning and Development Branch

COOPERATION OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Under the legislation establishing the National Health Survey, the Public Health Service isauthorized to use, insofar as possible, the services or facilities of other Federal, State, or privateagencies.

In accordance with specifications established by the Division of Health Interview Statistics,the Bureau of the Census, under a contractual arrangement, participated in planning the surveyand collecting the data.

Vital and Health Statistics-Series IO-NO. 118

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 78-1546Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-8775

CONTENTS

Introduction ........................................................ ........................... ..... ............................... ....................

Source and I.imitations of the ~ta ................ ..... ........ ............................ ...... .................... ......................

Highlights of the Data ........................................................................................................ .....................Age and Sex .............................. ........................... ........................... ...................................................Race, sex, and Age ..................................................................................................... .......................Place of Residence, Sex, and Age .......................................................................................................Geographic Region, Sex, and Age .................................................... ...................................................Family Income, Sex, and Age .............................................................................................................Usual Activity Status, flex, and Age ...................................................................................................Employment Status, sex, and Age ....................................................................................................Industry, Occupation, sex, and Age ............”.. ........... ....................... ............................ ....................

Comparison With Data for Earlier Years ............................................................................. ....................Restricted-Activity Days ...................................................................................................................Bed-Disability Days ......... ....................................................................... ............................................Work-Inss Days . ............ ...................... .............................................................................................School-Loss D’i+% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......

List of Detaiied Tables .................................................... ........................................................................

Appcnd=cs

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

I. Technical Notes on Methods ........................... ..... ............................................... .........................II. Definitions of Certain Terms Used in this Report ................ ........................................................IIL Probe Questions for Dkability Days and Recording Form ...........................................................

LIST OF FIGURES

Number of restricted-activity days and bed-disability days per person pcr year, by sex and age:United States, 1975 .......................................... .................................... ........................................ .....

Number of work-loss days per currently employed person per year, b y sex and age: United States,1975 ................................................................................................................................................"

Number of restricted-activity days per person per year, by family income ard age: United States,1975 ..................................................................................................................................................

Number of bed-disability days per person per year, by family income and age: UnitedStates, 1975 ......................................................................................................................................

Number of work-loss days per currently employed person 17 years of age and over per year, by fam-ily into me and age: United States, 1975 ................................................................... .........................

Questionnaire iterns relating to usual activity status ....................................................... ...................

Number of restricted-activity days per person per year, by current employment status andage: United States, 1975 ............................ ................... ........................................................ .........

Number of bed-disabilh y days per person per year, by current employment status and age:United States, 1975 ............. ................................ .............................................................................

1

2

335567

101112

1416161617

18

404853

4

4

9

9

10

10

13

13

...Ill

A.

B.

c.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

J.

K.

L

M.

N.

o.

P.

LIST OF TEXT TABLES

Dk.abilky days and disability days per person per year, by type of di=bdity: UnitedStates, 1975 .................................................................................................................................... .

Dkabilit y days per person per year, by type of disability and age: United States, 1975 .....................

Disabilh y days per person per year, by type of disability and sex: United States, 1975 ....................

Disability days per person per year, by race, type of disability day, and sex: UnitedStates, 1975 .....................................................................................................................................

Disability days per person per year, by age, type of disability day, and race: United States, 1975States, 1975 ................................................................................................... .................................. .

Disability days per person per year, by place of residence, type of disability day, and sex:United States, 1975 ............................. ................................................................................... ..........

D~bilky days per person per year, by geographic region, type of disability day, and sex:United States, 1975 .................................. ........................................................................................

Dkabilit y days per person per year, by family income, type of disabilk y day, and sex:United States, 1975 ....................... ............................ .......................................................................

Disability days per person per year, by sex, type of disab~lty day, and USUd activity:

United States, 1975 .... ................................................ .......................................................................

Disability days per person per year, by age, type of disab~lity day, employment status, andsex: United States, 1975 ............. ......................................................................................................

Disability days per currently employed person 17 years of age and over per year, by type of disabi-lity day and industry classification: United States, 1975 .................................................................

Dkability days per currently employed person 17 years of age and over per year, by type of disabi-lity day and occupation classification: United States, 1975 ............................................... ..............

Restricted-activity and bed-disability days per person per year, by selected characteristics: UnitedStates, July 1965-June 1966, 1968, 1971, and 1975 ....................................... .................................

Work-loss days per currently employed person 17 years of age and over per year,by selected charac-teristics: United States, July 1965-June 1966, 1968, 1971, and 1975 ........... ...................................

School-loss days per school-age child 6-16 years of age per year, by selected characteristics: UnitedStates, July 1965-June 1966, 1968, 1971, and 1975 .......... ................................................ ..............

SYMBOLS

Data not available ------------------------------------- ---

Category not applicable ------------------------------ . . .

Quantity zero -------------------------------------------- -

Quantity more than Obut less than 0.05------ 0.0

Figure does not meet standards ofreliability or precision ---------------------------- *

3

4

4

5

6

7

7

8

1

2

13

13

15

16

17

iv

l~JTRoDucT[oN

DISABILITY DAYS

Augustine Gentilea

Estimates of the number and annual rates ofdisability days are presented in this report.These estimates of disability are based on datacollected from the civilian noninstitutionaIizedpopulation during calendar year 1975. The typesof disability days for which data are presentedare termed restricted-activity days, bed-disabilitydays, work-loss days, and school-loss days.Demographic characteristics used to describepersons who experienced disability days are age,sex, place of residence, geographic region, famiIyincome, usual activity status, race, employmentstatus, and for the currently employed popu-lation, industry and occupation.

For comparative purposes, this report alsoincludes summaries of similar data coHectedduring the period July 1965 through June 1966and the years 1968 and 1971.

Some of the major highlights of the data inthis report are summarized in the followingstatements:

1. The civilian noninstitutiomdized popu-lation of the United States reportedabout 3.7 billion days of restricted ac-tivity in 1975. This represents an averageof about 17.9 days of restricted activityper person per year. The population ex-perienced an estimated 1.4 billion bed-

aMr. Gentile was Chief of Survey hlethods Branch ofthe Division of Health Interview Statistics in the Nation-al Center for Health Statistics and later Director of theOffice of Demographic Studies at Gallaudet College,Washington, D.C. He is now retired.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

disability days, an average of 6.6 daysper person per year. The currentlyemployed population lost about 433 mil-lion days from work because of illness orinjury, an average of 5,2 days of workIoss per year for each currently em-ployed person. School-age children 6-16years old lost about 217 million daysfrom school because of health reasons.The average loss per school-age child peryear was 5.1 days.Generally, rates of disability days werehigher for females than for males.Average rates of disability increased withage.The black population, on the average,had more restricted-activity days, bed-disability days and work-loss days thanthe white population.Persons living on farms in nonmetropol-i tan areas reported proportionatelyfewer days of disability than peopleliving in other residential categories.Rates of restricted-activity days werehigher for people living in the West andSouth Regions of the country than forthose living in the Northeast and NorthCentral Regions. The average number ofbed-disability days was about the samefor people living in the Northeast, South,and West Regions. Persons living in theNor t h Central Region reported thelowest average number of bed-disabilitydays.The rates of disability days were in-verseIy reIated to family income. AsfamiIy income increased, the average

1

8.

9.

10.

11.

number of disability days per person peryear tended to decrease.The working population and personsgoing to school had the lowest rates ofdisability. The retired population had arelatively high proportion of disabilitydays.The rates of disability days among peo-ple in the labor force showed that unem-ployed people had higher rates thanthose that were employed.People employed in public adminis-tration had a higher average number ofeach type of disability day than peoplein the other industry groups.Comparisons of disability rates betweenpeop~e in the five occupational groupswith the highest employment figuresshowed that:(a) Service workers, except those in

private household jobs, had the high-est average number of days of re-stricted activity, and pro fessional,technical, and kindred workers hadthe lowest.

(b) Operatives, kindred workers, andservice workers, except those inprivate household jobs, had the high-e st average number of work-lossdays, and professional, technical, andkindred workers had the lowest.

SOURCE AND LIMITATIONSOF THE DATA

Information about disability days was col-lected in household interviews conducted for theHealth Interview Survey of the National Centerfor Health Statistics. The interviews were ob-tained from a probability sample of the civiliannoninstitutionalized population of the UnitedStates. This survey is designed so that interviewsare conducted each week in a representativesample of the Nation’s households by trainedpersonnel of the U.S. Bureau of the Census.During 1975, interviews were conducted inabout 40,000 households, containing about116,000 persons at the time of the interview.The total noninterview rate was about 3 per-

2

cent, 1.5 percent of which was due to respondentrefusal and the remainder was primarily due tofailure to find an eligible respondent at homeafter repeated calls.

A description of the statistical design of thesurvey, the methods of estimation, and generalqualifications of the data obtained from surveysare presented in appendix I. Since estimatesshown in this report are based on a sannple ofthe population rather than on the entire popu-lation, they are subject to sampling error. There-fore, particular attention should be directed tothe appendix I section entitled, “Reliability ofEstimates. ” Although the sampling errors formost of the estimates are of a relatively lowmagnitude, the sampling error may be highwhere an estimated number or the numerator orthe denominator of a rate or percentage is small.

The questionnaire used during the 19’75 datayear is illustrated in “Current Estimates fromthe Health Interview Survey, United States-1975,” Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10,Number 115. The questions used to obtain thenumber of disability days may be founcl in ap-pendix III of this report.

Annual estimates of disability days werederived from responses to the questions shownin appendix III by appropriate weighting of the2-week estimates. (See appendix I for infor-mation on the estimating methods. ) Conductingthe household interviews continuously in suc-cessive weekly probability samples eliminatedseasonal bias from these data.

Abbreviated definitions of the types of dis-ability days for which estimates are presented inthis report are given in the section that follows.More detailed definitions of these terms as wellas definitions of other terms pertinent to thisreport are given in appendix II. Many of theseterms have specialized meanings in the HealthInterview Survey, and the reader is urged tobecome familiar with these definitions.

The detailed tables in this report give theannual rates of disability days and the corre-sponding population estimates on which therates are based. The approximate number of dis-ability days for a population group can be ob-tained by multiplying the rate for that group bythe corresponding population estimate.

In the survey, the term “disability (day” isused to describe short term disability that results

from anillness orinjury. Disability daysarecIas-sifiecl as restricted-activity days, bed-disabilitydays, hospital days, work-loss days, and schooI-10SS days. AII hospital days are by definitionbed-disability days and all bed-disability days areby definition restricted-activity days. However,the converse of these statements is not true.Work-loss days and school-loss days are appli-cable to the working and school-age populationonly and are by definition restricted-acitivitydays.

To further clarify the estimates in this reportit should be noted that the types of disabilitydays described above are not mutually exclusive.The computational procedures used for ob-taining the rates in this report are such that aperson may be categorized as having a work-lossday, bed-disability day, and restricted-activityday aII on the same day.

The types of disability days are briefly de-fined as follows:

Restricted-activity day. –A day of restricted ac-tivity is one on which a person cuts down on hisusuzd activities for the whole day because of ill-ness or injury.

Bed-disabilit>l day. –A day of bed disability isone on which a person stays in bed for at leastmore than half of the daylight hours. All in-pat ient hospital days are defined as bed-disability days even if the patient was not actu-aNy in bed in the hospital.

!t’ork-loss day. –A work-Ioss day is a day onwhich a person did not work at his job or busi-ness for at least half of his normal ~vorkdaybecause of an illness or inju~. Ii’ork-loss daysare determined only for persons 17 years of ageand over ~vho are defined as “currently em-ployed persons” (see appendix II).

School-1oss day. –A school-loss day is a normaIschool day on }vhich a child did not attendschool because of an ilIness or injury. School-Ioss da:s are determined only for children 6-16years o i age.

As stated earlier, the reader is advised toret~ie~v the complete definitions for these termsin appendix IL

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DATA

During 1975 a total of 3.7 billion days ofrestricted activity ~vere experienced by the ci\’il-i an non institutionalized population of theUnited States. This represented an average of17.9 days per person per year. During 1975 atotal of 1.4 billion days of bed disability wereexperienced (a rate of 6.6 bed days per personper year); work-loss days amounted to about433 million (a rate of 5.2 days per currentlyemployed person per ~’ear); and children inschool, ages 6-16, lost a totaI of 217 milliondays from school, an annual rate of 5.1 days perchild in the schooI-age population (see table A).

Table A. Disability days and disability days per person per year,by typa of disabilit y: United States, 1975

I 1

Type of Disability daysDisability days

disabilityper person

in millions per year

Restricted activity .. . 3,733.9 17.9

Bed disability ... . .. .. . . 1,371.4 6.6

Work IOSS1.. . ... ... .. .. .. 433.2 5.2

School 10ss2 .... . .. .... . 217.1 5.1

lcumently ~mPIoyed pe~s~ns17years of age and over.2per~~ns 6.16 yemS Of age.

A summary of the estimates of disabilitydays for selected population characteristics fol-lows.

Age and Sex

The number of restricted-acti~ity clays andbed-disability days per person per year by ageand sex and the population estimates on \vhichthe rates ~vere based are presented in detailedtable 1. The annual rates for \vork-loss days andschool-loss da>’s and the population estimates onw’hich they \vere based are shown in detailedtables 2 and 3. Some comparisons of the age andsex patterns that may be deri~’ed from thesetables follow.

The data in tabIe B show that beginning at 6years of age the rates for both restricted-activitydays and bed-disability days increased with age.

3

Table B. Disability days per person per year, by type of disabilityand age: United States, 1975

, ,Age I Rest ricted I Bad I Work IOSS1

activity disability

Under 6 years..6-16 years ... . .. .17-24 years .. . ..

25-34 years .... .35-44 years ... ..45-54 years .. .. .55-64 years .. ...65-74 years .. ...75 years

and over ... ....

I Disability days per person per year

12.110.512.314.517.021.128.034.0

46.2

4.74.35.1

5.56.27.79.3

10.3

17.4

Icurrently employed persons 17 years of age and over.

NOTE: The rate for school-loss days per person per year for

school-age children 6-I 6 years of age in 1975 was 5.1 days.

Among the currently employed population, time

loss from work also increased with age until age64.

Table C shows a comparison of days of dis-

ability per person per year by sex. These data

indicate that females had higher rates for each of

the types of disability days presented in thisreport.

Table C. Disability days per person per year, by type of disabilityand sex: United States, 1975

,..

4:65.15.25.56.13.5

8.9

Figure 1. Number of restricted-activity days and bed-disability

days per person per year, by sex and age: United States, 1975

SexRestricted Bed dis- Work School

activity ability 10ss1 10ss2

Disability days per person per year

Bothsexes... 17,9 6.6 5.2 5.1

Male ... ... ... 15.6 5.4 4.9 4.8Female .. ... . 20.0 7.6 5.7 5.5

lcurrent]y employed persons 17 years of age and over

2Persons 6-16 years of age.

Comparisons by age and sex of the averagenumber of restricted-activity days, bed-disabilitydays, and work-loss days are illustrated in figures

1 and 2. These charts indicate that beginning atabout 20 years of age females had higher rates ofrestrictecl-activity days and bed-disability days

50r ----Female J

-.-O0 10

AGE IN YEARS

a

[

---L Female— Male

Work.loss days

~1~o 10 20 30 40 50 60 7[1 eo

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 2. Number of work-loss days per currently srnployedperson per year, by sex and age: United States, 19’75

than males. The largest difference between thesexes occurred from about 20 to 55 years of age.From about 20 years to 60 years of age femalesalso had higher rates for work-loss days; thelargest difference occurred during the periodfrom 25 years to 45 years of age. Because themajor age-sex differences occur approximately

during the childbearinghighly Iikely that alargker-rates for females can

ages for females, it isproportion of the high-be attributed to preg-

nancy and associated conditions.

Race, Sex, and Age

DetaiIed tables 4, 5, and 6 give the estimatesof the different types of disability days for thewhit e and black populations 1 of the UnitedStates. Table D contains a summary, by sex, ofthe data from these tables.

1It should be noted that in earlier survey publicationsestimates of disability days were given for the white pop-ulation as one color group and alI persons other thanwhite as another instead of for the white and blackpopulations. In 1975 approximately 90 percent of per-sons other than white were black.

Table D. Disability days per person per year, by race, twe ofdisability day, and sex: United States, 1975

Type of disability Race

day and sex White Black

Restricted activityDisability days per

person per year

Bed disability I IBoth sexes . . ..... .. . ... .... . I 6.2 I 9.2

,I

Male .. ... ... .. .... . .. .... .. ... .. .. .. ..... . 5.2 7.4Female. . .. ... ... ... .. ... .. .. ..... ... ... . 7.2 10.8

Work Iossl

Both sexes . . .... .. . .... .. .. .

Male .... .. ... . ... .. ..... .. . ... .. .. .... .. ..Female .. ... ... ... . ... ... ... .. .. .. .... ... H=

School 10SS1 I I

lcurrently employed persons 17 yews of We and over.2Persons 6-16 years of age.

These data show thatfemales had higher rates

black males and blackthan the white POEIU-

Iation for restricted-activity days, bed-dis;bfiitydays, and work-loss days. However, the rates for

school-loss days were about the same for theblack and white school-age populations.

A summary of days of disability per personper year by race and age is given in table E.These estimates show that for each of the agegroups beginning at 17 years of age rates forrestricted-activity days, bed-disability days, andwork-loss days were higher for the black popu-lation. For the population under 17 years of age,the rates for restricted-activity days were slightlyhigher for the white population, but the ratesfor bed-disability days were about the same forthe two groups.

Place of Residence, Sex, and Age

Rates of disability days by place of resi-dence, sex, and age are presented in detailedtables 7 through 11. Some of the data fromthese tables are summarized in text table F.

These data indicate that for each type ofdisability day the average number of days perperson per year ~vas essentially the same forpersons living in standard metropolitan statis-tical areas (SMSA’s) and persons living in non-farm areas outside of SMSA’S. The data alsoindicate that the rates for persons living in farmareas were lower than the rates for persons in theother t~vo place of residence categories.

The average number of restricted-activitydays and bed-disability days was greater forfemales than for males in each of the three placeof residence categories. The difference in ratesfor work-loss days and schooI-loss days for malesand females living in nonfarm and farm areasoutside of ShISA’s can be explained by samplingvariability. However, for these types of disabilitydays among persons living in ShlSA’s, the ratesfor females were higher than the rates for males(See table F).

The age patterns for disability days forpersons living in ShlSA’s and in nonfarm andfarm areas outside of SLISA’s were essentialitythe same as the pattern for all places of resi-dence. Children under 6 years of age averagedmore restricted-actit’it~’ and bcd-disability daysthan did children and youths 6- I 6 years of age.

Table E. Disability days per person per year, by age, type of disability day, and race: United States, 1975

Type of disability day and race I Allages I

Restricted activity

Bed disability I I

Work 10ss2 I I

lIncludes all other races..2Currently employed persons 17 years of age and over.

Beginning at age 17 the average number of re-stricted-activity days and bed-disability daysincreased with age. For work-loss days, theaverage increased with age through age 64 andthen dropped off for persons 65 years of age orolder (See tables 7, 8, and 10).

Geographic Region, Sex, and Age

Tables 7 through 11 also contain data givingthe average number of disability days per personper year for the four major geographic divisionsof the country. It may be seen from these tablesand the summary in text table G that the WestRegion (20.8 days per person per year) and theSouth Region ( 18.7 days) experienced moredays of restricted activity per person than didthe Northeast Region ( 16.7 days) and the NorthCentral Region (15.9 days).

Reported bed-disability days were similar forthe Northeast (6.5 days), South (7.1 days), andWest (6.8 days) but lowest in the North CentralRegion (5.8 days).

The highest average number of work-lossdays was recorded for the West Region (6. 1days). The rates for the other three regions were

Under 6-16 17-24 25-44 45-64 6!5 years6 years years years years years and over

12.1 10.5 12.3 15.6 24.2 38.4

12.3 10.9 12.0 14.8 23.1 36.411.2 8.3 15.3 23.0 35.5 59.6

4.7 4.3 5.1 5.8 8.4 12.9

4.5 4.4 4.8 5.4 7.9 11.75.3 3.6 7.8 10.3 13.9 24.6

. . . . . . 4.6 5.1 5.8 4.3

. . . . . . 4.4 4.9 5.6 4.1

.,. . . . 7.1 7.3 7.7 *6.5

at about the same level, i.e., Northeast IRegion(5.3 days), North Central Region (4.7 days), andthe South Region (5.1 days).

School-1oss days were reported as beinghigher for children living in the West (5.9 days)and Northeast Regions (5.7 days) than for thoseliving in the North Central (4.8 days) and SouthRegions (4.6 days).

The data in table G indicate that females hadhigher averages for restricted-activity days andbed-disability days in all four regions (of thecountry. With regard to work-loss days, theaverages for females were greater than the maleaverages in the West and North Central Regions,but the slightly higher averages for females inthe Northeast and South Regions that appear intable G were too small to conclude that mean-ingful differences existed.

Female school-age children lost more daysfrom school than male school-age chiIdren in theNorth Central and Northeast Regions, but therewas no appreciable sex-differential in the Southand West Regions.

It was noted earlier that for the country theaverage number of restricted-activity days andbed-disability days, beginning at age 6, increased

6

Table F. Disability days par person par yaar, by place of resi-denca, typa of disability day, and sex: United States, 1975

Type of disabilityday and sex

Restricted activity

Both sexes . ... .. ... ... . .... . ... ...

Melba .... .. .. .... . .. . .... . ... .... .. .. .... . .Female ... .. ..... .. .... .. . .. .... ... ... ... .....

Bed disability

Both sexes.., . .... . . ..... .. . .... .

Male . ... . .. ... .... .. .... . . ..... .. . ..... .. . .... ..Female . . .... .. ... .. .. .. ..... .. . ... .... . .... .. .

Work Iossl

Both sexes . .. ..... . . ..... . .. .... ..

Male .. ... . .... .. . .... .. . .. .. .. . .. .... .. .. ... .. ..Female . .... .. .. ... ... .. .... . .. ..... ... .. .... . .

School 10ss2

Both sexes . ... .. .. .... . .. .. .. ... ..

Male . . ... .... .. .. .... . ... .. .. ... ... ... . ... .. .. ..Female . .... .. .. ... .. ... .... .. .... .. .. ... .. ... .

Place of residence

‘MS’k=i-=-Disability days per

parson par year

IT17.9 18.3 13.7

15.5 16.3 11.1

20.0 20.1 16.5

4==4==5.6 5.4 2.48.0 6.9 4.9

5.3 5.0 3.6

5.0 4.8 3.8

#

5.9 5.3 ●3.2

5.3 4.8 3.6

5.0 4.6 *2.25.7 5.1 5.1

Icurrently employed persons 17 years of age and over.2Persons 6-16 years of age.

with age and that the average number of work-10SS days increased with age until age 64. Whenthe age patterns for disability days are examinedby region, they show patterns similar to thenational patterns. However, because of the largeincrease in sampling variability for data pre-sented on smaller units of the population, thepatterns are not always as consistent or as clearas they are for larger segments of the popu-lation.

Family Income, Sex, and Age

Data showing the average number of dis-ability days per person per year by age, sex, andfamily income groups are contained in detailed

Table G. Disability days per person par year, by geographicragion, type of disability day, and sex: United States, 1975

Type of disabilityday and sex

Restricted act ivit y

Both sexes ... .. .. .

Male .... . .. .... .. . ... ... . .... .. .Femala . . ... .. .. ... .. ... ..... . .

Bad disability

Both sexes .. .. ... .

Male . . .. .. .. . .. ... .. . .... . . .....Female . .. .. .. .... . . .... .. .. ...

Work IOSS1

Both sexes .. .. ... .

Male .. .. .. . .... ... .. .. ... ... .. . .Female . ... ... .. . ... . ... ... .. ..

School 10ss2

Both sexes . .. .....

Male . .. .. ... .. .... ... .... . .... ..

Female .... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ..

Geographic region

North I NorthCentral I South I West

east

Disability days per persan per year

16.7

14.718.5

6.5

5.37.7

5.3

5.15.6

~

5.7

5.26.2

715.9 18.7 20.8

13.8 16.6 17.817.9 20.8 23.6

75.8 7.1 6.8

4.8 6.0 5.56.6 8.2 8.0

4.7 5.1 6.1

4.3 I 4.9 I 5.55.2 5.3 7.0

4.8 4.6 5.9I I1 I

4.1 4.6 5.55.5 4.6 6.2

lcurrent]y employed persons 17 years of age and over.2Persons 6-16 years of age.

tables 12-16. These data have been summarizedin table H and figures 3, 4, and 5. A completedefinition of family income is given in appendixII. In brief, family income is defined as thecombined income of aII related persons living ina household. The data in table H show that forboth sexes combined, and for each sex, theaverage number of restricted-activity days andbed-disability days decreased as family incomeincreased. The averages for families with lessthan $3,000 a year income were almost threetimes as high as the averages for families with$15,000 or more annual income.

These data also show that the pattern forwork-loss days by family income is generallysimilar to the pattern for restricted-activity daysand bed-disability days. The averages for persons

7

Table H. Disability days per person per year, by family income, type of disability day, and sex: United States, 1975

Type of disability day and sex

Restricted activity

Both sexes .. .... .. .. ... .... . .... ... . .. ... .. .. .... . .. .. .... .. . .. ..

Male . . .. ... ... .. .... .... .. ... .. .. ..... .. . ..... .. .. ..... . .. .... .. ... ... .. .. .....Female ... .. .. ..... . ... ...... . .. .... .. .. .... ... . .... .. .. .... .. . ..... ... .. .... .

Bed disability

Both sexes .. .. . ...... . .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. .... ... ... ... . .. .. .... . .

Male ... .. ... .. .... .. .... ... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. .... ... .. ... ... ..Female . ...... .. . .. .... .. .. .... ... . .... .. .. .... ... .. .... ... . ..... .. . ..... . ... .

,Work IOSS1

Both sexes . ...... . . .. ... ... .. .... ... . ..... . .. .... . ... . .... .. ... ..

~le . . .... .. .. .. .... ... ... .... .. .. ... .... . .... . .. ...... .. .. ... ... . ..... .. . .. ...Female .... . .. ..... ... .. .... .. .. ..... ... . .... . ... .... .. .. .... .. ... ... .. . . .....

School 10ss2

Both sexes . .... . .. ..... . ... ... ... .. ... .. ... .... .. .. .... ... .. .... .

Icurrentl ~ employed persons 17 years of age and over.2per~on$ 6-16 years of age.

Family income

Less than $3,000- $5rooo- $7,000- $113,000- $15,000$3,000 $4,999 $6,999 $9,999 $14,999 or more

36.9 28.6 23.6 17.6 14.4 12.4

29.1 26.4 22.2 16.4 13.4 11.241.8 30.3 24.8 18.7 15.3 13.6

13.4 9.9 8.6 6.6 5.3 4.6

10.3 9.0 7.8 5.8 4.6 3.715.4 10.6 9.3 7.2 6.1 5.5

8.7 6.1 6.9 6.5 5.2 4.2

7.2 7.1 6.5 6.7 5.2 3.810.1 5.3 7.3 6.3 5.3 4.8

6.0 7.0 6.7 5.3 4.8 4.7

5.1 6.6 6.2 5.1 4.4 4.57.0 7.4 7.1 5.6 5.3 4.9

living in households with annual incomes lessthan $3,000 were higher than the averages forpersons living in households with higher in-comes, and about twice as high as the averagefor persons living in households with $15,000 ormore annual incomes. However, the differencein work-loss days between the three incomegroups ranging from $3,000 to $9,999 was notas marked as the difference in restricted-activitydays and bed-disability days.

In terms of sex differences by Family incomegroups, the averages for restricted-activity daysand bed-disability days were generally higher forfemales in each of the income groups (table H).For work-loss days, the averages for femaleswere appreciably higher than the male averagesonly for those persons living in households fromthe lowest income group. No substantive con-

clusions can be drawn about these rate dif-ferences between the sexes because of the rela-tively high sampling variability associated withthese estimates.

Because of differences in age composition offamilies in different income groups, it is moremeaningful to make income comparisons forpersons within the same age groups. The dlata fordisability days by family income and age areillustrated in figures 3, 4, and 5. To facilitatepresentation and reduce sampling variabilitythese data were combined into broader Zlge andincome groups from the data in detailed. tables12-16.

From figure 3 it can be noted that forpersons under 17 years of age there was littledifference in the averageactivity days between

number of restricted-income groups. For

8

60 Family income

❑ Lessthan S5.000

❑ S5,000 to S9,999

50❑ Slo,ooo to S14,999

❑ Sl,,oooor more

~ 40

e$.z0$ 30

Ezu.

Yg 20

13.2

22.8

II,...;,,..:,...:,,.:,.,.....,,..,.......:,..:?,,

.’~“,..’:“,,.:,..:...:/

52.5

n

,: ,..,,,,.,...,,,,.:,,,.,.,,., :...,:,.:,:.’,,,, ,.

49.6

m

o Under 17 17.44 45-64 65 and over

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 3. Number of restricted-activity days per person per year, by family income and age: United States, 1975

persons in the other three age groups it may be The number of bed-disability days perseen that on the average restricted-activity days person per year by family income and agedecreased as family income increased. The dif- groups are illustrated in figure 4. The patternferences between the lowest income groups and for bed-disability days was similar to the pattern

the highest income groups are particularly for restricted-activity days. There were no major

notable. differences between income groups for persons

20

c

1s,7

n

. . .“:.”’. . .

.’,’. .:,....’.. . . . . .

. . . . .

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 4. Number of bed-disability days per person per year, by family income and age: United States, 1975

9

15r Family income

o 77.44 45.64 65 andover

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 5. Number of work-loss days per currently employed per-son 17 years of age and over per vear, by fafnily income ancl

age: United States, 1975

under 17 years of age, but there was a generaldecrease in the average number of bed-disabilitydays for the other age groups as family incomeincreased.

Figure 5 shows the average number of work-IOSS days per currently employed person peryear by family income and age groups. Thesedata indicate that for the 17-44 age groups, theaverages for persons in the two lowest incomegroups were about the same, and higher than theaverages for persons in the two highest incomegroups. For persons in the 45-64 age group theaverages tended to decrease with increases infamily income. Because the number of personswho were 65 years of age or over and currentlyemployed was relatively small, the data shown infigure 5 for these persons is subject to relativelylarge sampling variations. Therefore, conclusionsabout the degree of association between familyincome and the rate of work-loss days should bedrawn with caution.

Ages17+

---------

Ages6–16

---------

Agesunder 6

Usual Activity Status, Sex, and Age

Usual activity is defined in terms of what therespondent was doing most of the time duringthe 12 month period preceding the interview.The questions used in the Health InterviewSurvey to classify the population according tousual activity status are shown in figure 6.Persons 17 years of age and over were asked ifthey were working or doing something else.Females in this age group also were asked if theykept house. Persons 45 years of age or over whowere reported as doing “something else” wereasked if they were retired. Persons 17 years ofage or over not classified as “working,” “lkeepinghouse, ” “going to school,” or “retired” wereclassified as “other activity. ” All children 6-16years of age, regardless of the reported activity,were classified as “going to school. ” Childrenunder 6 years of age were classified as “pre-school. “

The terms used in this report to classify thepopulation according to usual activity status aresimilar to terms used by other Federal agenciesthat publish statistical data on the labor force.However, the definitions of these terms for thepurposes of the Health Interview Survey are dif-ferent from those used by other agencies. Ex-planation of these differences and detailed defi-nitions are contained in appendix II.

Estimates of the number of disability daysper person per year by usual activity status arepresented in detailed tables 17 and 18 and texttable J. These data indicate that persons who areclassified as “retired” (45 years of age and over)and those classified as “other activity” (1.7 yearsof age and over) had by far the highest averagenumber of restricted-activity and bed-disability .days. Included in” the “other activity” group

180. What was -- doing MOST OF THE PAST 12 MONTHS - (For males): work!ng or doing something else?

If “something else, ” ask: (For females): keeping house, working, or doing

b. Whatwas -- doing? somethtng else?

If 45+ years and was not “working,” “’keeping house,” or “going to school, ” ask:~. is -- retired?

d. If “retired, ” ask: Did ha retire because of his health?-----------------------------------------

l;;.-~~a; ;;; ‘----~o;;g-~b;; b~-~~~ ;~~~ 12 MONTHS - goi ng t.a school or doi ng somethi ng el se?

If “something else,” ask:b. What wos -- doing?-----------------------------------------------------------------------

1s.&

19.

--

—

! ❑ Working (23a)

2 ❑ Keeping house (23b)

3 ❑ Retired, health (22)

4 ❑ Retired, other (22)

5 ❑ Goinc to school (25)

6 ❑ 17+ something else (22)

7 ❑ 6-16 something else (24,

--l--------------0 ❑ I –5 years (20)

o El under I (27)

Figure 6. Questionnaire items relating to usual activity status

10

Table J. Disability days per person per year, by sex, type of dis-ability day, and usual activity: United States, 1975

Usual activity

All activities . ... . ... . . ..... .. .

Preschool (under 6 years) ..Going to school (6-16

years) .... ... ... ..... ..... . .. .... .. .Going to school (17

years and over) ...... .. ... .. ..Usually working (17

years and over) ... ... ... .. .. . .Usually keeping house

(17 years and over) . .. . .....Ratired (45 years and

over) ... . . .. . ... ... .... ... .... .. .. ..Other and unknown

activity (17 yearsand over) . ... . .. ... .. ... . .. . ... ..

All activities . .. .. .... .. .. ... . .

Preschool (under 6 years) ..Going to school (6-16

years) . .. .... .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .Going to school (17 years

and over) ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. . ..Usually working (17 years

and over) . .. .. ... .. .. .... . ... ....Usually keeping house

(17 years and over) . .. ... ....Retired (45 years

and over) ... ... .. .. .. . .... .. ... ..Other and unknown

activity (17 yearsand over) ... .. .... .. . ... .... . .. ...

All activities (persons17 years and over) . .. . . .

Usually working .. .. .... .. .. .. .. . .Usually keeping house ..... .. .All other activities ... .. .... . ..

Both sexes Male Female

Restricted-act ivit y daysper person per year

17.9

12.1

10.5

10.1

13.5

26.9

44.8

55.0

15.6

12.5

10.2

8.6

12.2

. . .

42.7

43.3

Beddisability daysper person per year

20.0

11.6

10.9

11.7

15.8

26.9

69.0

79.9

6.6

4.7

4.3

3.9

4.8

9.2

16.8

23.1

5.4

4.8

4.0

2.5

3.9

. . .

15.6

15.0

7.6

4.6

4.6

5.4

6.2

9.2

30.6

40.5

Work-loss days percurrently employed

person per year

5.43.54.6 w

lIncludes retired, going to school, and unknown activits.

were long-term convalescents who \vere prob-ably the major contributors to the higher ratesof disability days experienced by this group.

These data also show that, except for chil-

dren under 17 years of age, femzdes had on theaverage more restricted-activity days and bed-disability days than males in each of the usualactivity status categories. CurrentIy employedfemaIes classified as “usually working” alsoaveraged more work-Ioss days than their malecounterparts. Among persons classified as “allother activities, ” males had a higher averagenumber of work-loss days than females.

Employment Status, Sex, and Age

Employment status as used in this reportrefers to persons in the labor force 17 years ofage or over who were classified as “currentlyemployed” or “currently unemployed. ” Thetotal labor force included all persons 17 years ofage and over who worked, were looking forwork, or were on layoff from work during the2-weeli period prior to the tveek of interview.Persons in the labor force were classified as “cur-rently employed” if they had wrorked at or had ajob or business during the 2-week referenceperiod.

Persons who did not work but who werelooking for work and persons on layoff from ajob, whether or not they were Iooking for otherwork, ~yere classified as “currentIy unem-ployed. ” Again it is suggested that readersrevie~v the more complete definitions given forthis population characteristic in appendix II.

The aver-age numbers of disability days forpersons in the labor force b>’ current employ-ment status, sex, and age are presented in table19. Some of these data are presented in sum-mary form in table K and are illustrated infigures 7 and 8.

It is apparent from these data that theaverage numbers of restricted-activity days andbed-disability days ~vere substantially higher forunemployed persons than for employed persons.The differences are especially notable forpersons 25 years of age and over (see figures 7and 8). These data also sho~i’ unemployed malesand unemployed femaIes had higher rates ofrestricted-activity days and bed-disability da~’sthan the employed members of their owm sex ineach of the age groups showm in table K.

Among employed persons, femaIes generallyhad higher rates of res~ricted-activity days andbed-disability days than did the males. Hotvever,

11

Table K. Disability days per person per year, by age, t ype of disability day, employment status, and sax: United States, 1975

All ages17-24 2544 45-64

Employment status and sex 17 yews65 years

yearsand over

years years and over

—

Restricted-activity days per person per year

Both sexas... ... .. . ..... ... . ..... .. . ... .... . ..... . . .. . .... .. ... . ... 13.4 11.1 13.1 15.3 13.7

Currantly employed .. .. .... . .. ..... . ... ... . .. . ... . .. .. ... .. . ..... . .. .. 12.0 10.3 11.9 13.2 11.7Currently unemployed ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... . ... .. .. .. ..... ... .. 2B.O 15.9 27.6 50.3 40.3

Mala ... ... .. .... .. .... ... .. .... ... ... .... .. .... . . ..... . .. ... ... . .... .. .. ... 12.2 9.3 11.6 14.8 13.9

Currently employed .... .. .. .... .. ...... .... .. .. .. ..... . ... .... . ... .... , 10.8 8.8 10.4 12.5 12.0

Currently unemployed .... .. .. . .. .... .. .. .... ... . .... . . .. .. .. ... .... . ( 28.1 11.9 28.4 55.7 ‘40.6

Female .. . .. ...... .. . ... .. .. . .. . .. ... ..... . ... .. .. .. .... .. . .. ... . ... .... .. 15.1 13.3 15.6 16.1 13.5

Currently employed ... . . .. .. . .... .... .. . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. . 13.7 12.0 14.4 14.3 11.3Currently unemployed .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .... ... . ... ... . ... .. .. .... .. .. 27.9 20.8 26.8 43.0 *39.3

Bed-disability days per person per year

Both sexes .. .. .. ... ... . .... . .. ...... . . .... .. ... ... .. ... .... . . .. . ... 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6 3.6

Currently employed .. . .. .... .. ... . .. ... ... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. 4.0 4.1 4.3 3.8 2.2Currently unemployed ... . ... . ..... .. . ... . .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. . 10.7 7.2 9.8 17.8 *21.2

Male .... ... ....... .. .... .. .. ...... .. . .... .. . .. .. .. . . .... . ... . ... . ... ... .. .. 3.8 3.3 3.7 4.3 3.9

Currently employed ... ... .. . .. .. .. . ... .... . ... .... .. .. ... .. . ... .. .. .. . 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.5 *2.4Currantly unemployed ... .. . .. .... .. . ... .. . ... . .. .. ... .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 9.3 4.0 8.6 18.2 *24.8

Female ... ..... . .. .... .. ... .... ... .... .. . ...... .. . ... . .. .. .. .... .. ... .. .. . 5.8 6.1 6.3 5.1 ‘3.0

Currently employed .... .... .. .. .... .. . ... .. . . .. ... .... .. .. .. ..... .... . 5.1 5.3 5.8 4.3 *1.9Currently unemployed ... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. . .... . .... .. .. .. .. ... . . ... 12.4 11.1 11.1 17.3 *1 5.3

among unemployed persons the differences be-tween the sexes did not follow the same pat-tern. The overall average of restricted-activitydays for both sexes was about the same, 28.1days per person per year for males, and 27.9days per person per year for females. Unem-ployed females in the youngest age group ( 17-24years of age) averaged more restricted-activitydays (20.8 days) than did unemployed males inthe same age group (1 1.9 days).

Among unemployed persons 25-44 years ofage the rates were about the same for both males(28.4 days) and females (26.8 days). For unem-ployed persons 45-64 years of age the rates formales (55.7 days) were higher than the rates forfemales (43.0 days).

Industry, Occupation, Sex, and Age

Tables 20, 21, 22, and 23 present the aver-age number of disability days for currentlyempIoyed persons by industry and occupation.Summaries of these data are presented in tablesL and M.

According to the data shown in table L,persons employed in public administration had ahigher average number of restricted-activitydays, bed-disability days, and work-loss daysthan persons employed in all the other industrygroups. Persons employed in public adminis-tration comprised about 6 percent of all the cur-rently employed persons.

Persons employed in manufacturing (23 per-

12

❑ Employed

❑ Unemployed

28,0

All ages 17.2417and over

AGE

27.6

11.9

2544

IN YEARS

50.3

45.64

40.3

11.7

65 and

Figure 7. Number of restricted-activity days per person per year,

by current employment status and age: United States, 1975

30

[

❑ Employed

Ka

❑ IJnmrpbyed

? 21,2

17 and-over over

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 8. Number of bed-disability days per person per year, by

current employment status and age: United States, 1975

cent), wholesale and retail trade (19 percent ),and services and miscellaneous industries (28percent) together comprised about 70 percent ofall the currently employed persons (from table20). Comparisons of the data for persons em-ployed in these three major industry groupsshow that persons employed in manufacturing

Table L. Disability days per currently employed person 17 yearsof age and over per year, by type of disability day and in-dustry classification: United States, 1975

Type of disability dayIndustry classification

Restricted Bed Work

activity disability loss

Days per person per year

All industries .... . ... ... .. . ... .. .. .

r

12.0—

Agriculture .. . .... .. .... . ... . .. . . .... . .. .... 9.9Forestry and fisheries ... .. .. .. ... . ... . ‘3.0Mining ... . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. ... .. . ... .. . ... . ... ... * 6.9Construction ..... .. . ... .. .. .... .. .... .. . ... 10.9Manufacturing .. .. .. . ... . . .... .. .... .. . ... 12.9Transportation and public

utilities .. .. .. . .... . . .... ... .... .. .. .. .. ... . 11.8Wholesale and retail trade .. ... . .... . 10.8Finance, insurance, and

real estate .... .... . . .... .. . .... . . .... . . .. . 10.7Services and miscellaneous ... . .. . . .. 12.4Public administration .. . .. .. . .. .... ... . 14.9Unknown .. .. . .... .. .. .. ..... . .. .. ... . .. . ... . 11.4

4.0

2.3“3.0* 2.4

3.24.0

4.23.4

3.84.65.6

*4.1

5.2

3.7* 2.4*3.6

4.66.1

6.14.7

3.94.87.1

++4.1

Table M. Disability days per currently employed person 17 yearsof age and over per year, by type of disability day and

occupation classification: United States, 1975———

Occupation classification

All occupations . .. .. .. . ... .... .. ... .

Professional, technical and

kindred workers ... ... . .... .. .... .. .. ..Farmer and farm managers ... .. ....Managers and administrators,

except farm ... .. . ... .. . .. ... . ... ... ... ..Clerical and kindred workers .. ....Salesworkers ... .. . ... ... .. . .... .. .. .. .. .. ..Craftsmen and kindred

workers ... .. . .... ... .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .Operatives and kindred

workers ..... ... .. ... .. .... .. .... .. .... .... .

private household workers .. ... . . .. .Service workers, except

privata household .. .. . ... .. . ... .. . .. .Farm laborers and farm

foremen .. .. .. . ..... . . ... ... .. ... . .. ... . .. .Laborers, except farm .. .. ... . .. .... . ..Unknown ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. . .. . .. .. .. ... ..

Type of disability

EEIA&E-Days per person par year

12.0

11.010.2

10.412,1

9.8

12.1

12.719.6

14.1

10.412.8

8.1I

4.0

3.9●1.3

3.34.73.0

4.0

3.95.6

4.8

* 4.54.7

●3.6

5.2

4.12.7

3.7

5.14.0

5.8

6.54.7

6.5

5.86.6

*3.7

13

(12.9 days) and persons employed in servicesand miscellaneous industries ( 12.4 days) aver-aged more restricted-activity days per year thanpersons employed in wholesale and retail trade(10.8 days).

Persons employed in services and miscel-laneous industries (4.6 days) averaged morebed-disability days than persons employed inwholesale and retail trade (3.4 days).

Persons employed in manufacturing had anaverage of 4.0 days of bed disability, a rate notmeaningfully different from the rate for personsemployed in the other two industry groups. Per-sons employed in manufacturing (6.1 days) hadon the average more work-loss days than personsemployed in wholesale and retail trade (4.7days) and persons employed in services andmiscellaneous industries (4.8 days).

The number of persons in the populationemployed in the mining, forest, and fisheriesindustry groups was relatively small. The averagenumber of disability days shown for these per-sons was subject to large sampling variability.Therefore, comparisons of estimates for personsin these industry groups with the estimates forpersons in other industry groups should be madewith caution.

The occupational classification of currentlyemployed persons by type of disability day isshown in table h!. The five occupational groupswith the highest proportion of currently em-ployed persons were professional, technical, andkindred workers ( 15.3 percent), clerical andkindred workers (1 7.1 percent), craftsmen andkindred workers ( 13.5 percent), operatives andkindred workers (15.2 percent) and serviceworkers, except those in private household jobs(12.1 percent). Together these occupationalgroups comprised about 73 percent of all cur-rently employed persons (from table 2 1). Be-cause the number of persons was relatively smalland the associated sampling variability was rela-tively high for persons employed in the otheroccupational categories, the discussion here isconfined to the five major occupational groups.

Comparisons of the average number of re-stricted-activity days per person per year for thefive major occupational groups show that serviceworkers, except those in private household jobs,had the highest average number of restricted-

activity days (14.1 days) and professional,technical, and kindred workers had the lowestaverage (11.0 days). The averages for persons inthe other three major occupations fell betweenthe above two averages and generally were at thesame level.

There were no meaningful differences in theaverage number of bed-disability days experi-enced by persons in the five major occupationalgroups. Operatives and kindred workers andservice workers, except those in privatehousehold jobs, had the highest average numberof work-loss days (6.5 days each group) and pro-fessional, technical, and kindred workers had thelowest (4.1 days). When these data arefurther broken down into sex and age groups,the number of persons and the number of daysof disability for persons in the various industryand occupation categories becomes smaller, andthe relative sampling variability increases. There-fore, detailed comparisons of the data presentedin tables 22 and 23 will not be attempted here.

In broad terms, however, for most of themajor industry and occupation categories theaverage number of disability days for femaleswas greater than the average number of days formales in the same industry or occupation group.With reference to age differentials for disabilitydays between persons in the same ma,jor in-dustry and occupation groups, persons 45-64years of age had on the average more disabilitydays than those 17-44 years of age.

COMPARISON WITH DATAFOR EARLIER YEARS

Tables N, O, and P present data for the dif-ferent types of disability days, by selected char-acteristics, for 1975 and three earlier timeperiods. Data for the earlier time periods werepublished in Vital and Health Statistics, Series10, Number 47 (for the 1965-66 data), Number67 (for the 1968 data), and Number 90 (for the1971 data).

It is beyond the scope of’ this report toanalyze and report the many factors that con-tribute to changes in the rate of occurrence ofvarious health factors. The estimates in thissection are presented as derived from thle data

14

collected during the various survey periods with- patterns of reported disability days.z At theout any attempt to make adjustments for time that this report was being prepared, thechanges in the population characteristics that data on family income had not been adjusted tomay have occurred over the 10-year time span. take into account the high rate of inflation that

It has been noted in previous publications occurred between 1965 and 1975. Thereforethat a maior charwe in Health Interview Survey this variable was omitted from the tables.data coII;ction procedures occurred in 1968.

2For analysis of the effect of the 1968 proceduralHowever, it is believed that these procedural changes see Vital and Health Statistics, Series 2, Numberchanges did not substantially affect the levels or 48.

Table N. Restricted-activity and beddisability days per person per year, by selected characteristics: United States, July 1965-June 1966, 1968, 1971, and 1975

Selected characteristic

Total .. ... . .... .... .. . ..... . ..

Under 5 years ..... . .. ..... . .... .. .5-14 years .... . ... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...15-24 years .. ... ... . .. .... .. . ..... . .25-44 years .. . .. .... ... . .... . .. ... ..

45-64 years .. .. .... . .. ..... . .. ... .. .65-74 years .. ... .... .. .. ... ... . .... .75 years and over .. . .. . .... . . ....

Sex—

Male ... .. ... . .. . ... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ...Female ... .. .. .... . .. ..... . . .. ... ... ...

White .... .. .. .. .... .. .. ... ... .. .... .. ..All other .... . .. .... .. .. .. .. ... .... .. .

Place of residence

SMSA ..... .... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . ... ... ..Outside SMSA

Nonfarm .... . .. . .. . ... ... .. .... .Farm ... .... .. ... ... ... ... .. . . .. .. .

Geographic region

Northeast .. .. ... . ... . ... ... ... .. ... ..North Cantral ... .. .... . .. ... .. . ...South .. . ..... .. . .... .. . ..... .. . ..... . ..West .. .. . ... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ... ... ..

Restricted act ivity t Bed disability

1975I

1971

17.9

12.211.011.615.6

24.234.046.2

15.620.0

17.520.4

17.9

18.313.7

16.715.918.720.8

15.7

12.410.710.013.3

21.028.842.5

14.217.0

15.418.0

15.6

15.915.4

14.814.216.617.6

1968July 1965-

1975 1971 1968.hly 1965

June 1966 .hly 1966

Days per person per year

15.3

10.89.7

10.512.9

20.830.742.4

14.316.3

15.117.2

15.3

15.613.5

15.013.915.717.5

15.6

10.510.510.113.921.130.839.5

14.416.7

15.714.9

15.0

16.617.1

13.414.616.918.1

6.6

4.74.54.8

5.8

8.410.317.4

5.47.6

6.28.8

6.8

6.23.6

6.55.87.16.8

6.1

5.C4.:4.44.g

7.410.118.5

5.46.8

5.97.6

6.2

6.05.4

6.15.36.86.3

6.3

4.84.34.75.37.6

11.819.0

5.76.9

6.27.5

6.4

6.25.3

6.25.76.76.7

6.3

5.14.84.85.77.2

11.315.4

5.57.0

:::

6.2

6.65.5

5.56.06.77.2

15

Restricted-Activity Days

From the data in table N it maybe seen thatthe average number of restricted-activity daysper person for the total civilian noninstitu-tionalized population increased by about 2 daysin 1975 over the earlier time periods. The in-crease in the overall rate of restricted-activitydays is also apparent for most of the selectedpopulation characteristics shown in table N.

For children under 15 years of age the rateswere relatively stable over the time span coveredby these data. For persons 15 years of age andover there was an increase in the average numberof restricted-activity days for each of the agegroups. The rates were higher for both males andfemiles, but proportionately, females had aslightly higher increase than did males. Thesedata also reflect increased rates for persons livingin SMSA’S and in nonfarm areas outside ofSM SA’S. However, the rates for restricted-activity days for persons living in farm areastended to decrease.

When the data are examined by geographicregion, it can be observed that there were in-creases for each of the four regions, but theincreases for the Northeast and West Regionswere proportionately higher than the increasesfor the other regions. The average number ofrestricted-activity days increased also for bothwhite persons and persons of alI other races.Since the 1965-66 time period, the rate forpersons other than white increased proportion-ately more than the rate for white persons.

Bed-Disability Days

The average numbers of bed-disability daysper person per year for selected population char-acteristics for the four survey periods are alsoshown in table N. Unlike the marked increase inrestricted-activity days, the average number ofbed-disability days remained at about the samelevel for the 10-year time span covered by thefour survey periods in this report.

The only notable trend that can be observedfrom these data was the increase in the rate ofbed-disability days for persons other than whitein the population.

Work-Loss Days

The average numbers of work-loss days percurrently employed person per year for the foursurvey periods are shown in Table O. These datashow that between 1966 and 1975 there was aslight decrease over the long-term in the averagenumber of work-loss days for the total popu-lation, and that most of the decrease took placebefore 1968.

Table O. Work-loss days per currently employed person 17 yearsof age and over per year, by selected characteristics: United

States, July 1965-June 1966, 1968, 1971, and 1975

Selectedcharacteristic

Total . . .. . .... ... . ... . .... .

Age

17-24 years .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .25-44 years .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .45-64 years ..... . .. ... .. .... .. .. .

65 years and over .. .. .. .... .. .

Sex—

Male .. .... .. ... .... .. .... ... .. . .... ..Female .. ... ... .. . .. .. .... .. .. .. ... .

Color

White .... .. .. ..... . ... .... . ... .. .. . .All other ..... ... . .. .. .. .. . .. ... .. .

Place of residence

SMSA .... . .. . ... ... . .... .. .. .... .. ..Outside SMSA

Nonfarm .. ... ..... .. .... .. . ..Farm ... . .... . ... ... .. .. .... ... .

Geographic region

Northeast .. ... .. . .... .. .. .... .. . ..North Central .. . ... ... . .... . .. ..

South .. .. . ..... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .West ... .. .. .. ... . .. ...... . .. ..... .. ..

Work loss

Elv-lE4-Days per currently employed

person per year

5.2

4.6

5.15.84.3

4.95.7

5.06.9

5.3

5.03.6

5.34.7

5.16.1

5.1

4.24.76.15.5

4.95.5

4.8

7.5

5.3

4.94.5

5.24.85.54.8

5.4

4.84.96.35.8

5.25.9

5.18.1

5.6

5.24.8

5.55.15.95.2

5.8

4.1

5.46.88.3

5.95.6

5.76.8

5.5

6.27.3

5.15.76.46.0

——.

16

When these data are examined for trends byselected population characteristics, the folIowingitems appear to be meaningful. There was adecrease in work-loss days for persons 45-64years of age and 65 years of age and older, formales, and for persons living outside of SMSA’S.Decreases over time in the average number ofwork-loss days can also be observed for personsliving in the North Central and South Regions ofthe country. Another notable change was thelarge increase, between 1971 and 1975, for theWest Region of the country in the averagenumber of work-loss days.

School-Loss Days

The numbers of days lost from school perschool-age child 6-16 years old per year for thefour survey periods are shown in Table P. It maybe seen from these data that the rates for thetotal school-age population did not change verymuch over the time span covered by the foursurvey periods. The highest rates were obtainedduring the 1971 survey, but in 1975 the rateswere about level with those from the two earliersurveys. This same pattern occurs among mostof the characteristics shown in the table.

Table P. School-loss days per school-age child 6-16 years of ageper year, by selected characteristics: United States, July1965-June 1966, 1968, 1971, and 1975

i School !0SS

Selectedcharacteristics 1975 1971

July 1965-‘ ’68 June 1966

Total .... .. .. .. . ... .. ... . .

Sex

Male .. ... ... . .. .... .. . . .. .. .. .... .. ..Female .... .. .. .... . .. ... .. . ... .. ..

Color

White ... .. .. . .. ... .. . . .. ... . .. ... . ..All other .. . .. .... .. . .... . .. ... .. .

Place of residence

SMSA .... .. .. . ..... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. .Outside SMSA

Nonfarm .. ... .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .Farm ..... . .. ... .. . .... .. . ... .. . ..

Geographic region

Northeast .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .North Central .. ... .... .. . ... .. ..South ... .. ... .. .... .. . .... .. .. .. ...West ... . .. .... .. . ..... .. ... .. ... .... .

I Days per school-age child per year

5.1

4.85.5

5.24.8

5.3

4.83.6

5.74.84.6

5.9

5.5

5.25.9

5.64.9

5.6

5.44.7

6.75.04.8

6.2

4.9

4.75.2

5.45.2

5.4

4.14.4

5.44.64.7

5.4—-

5.2

5.15.3

5.54.3

5.5

4.83.6

5.64.64.8

6.0

17

LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

1. Disability days per person per year and population, by sex and aga: Unitad States, 1975 .. ... . .... . ... ... .. .. .... . ... ... ... .. .... ... .. ... ... . .... ...

2. Work-loss days per person per year and currently employed population, by sex and age: United States, 1975 ... . . .... ... .. .... . .. .... ...

3. School-loss days per school-age child 6-16 years of aga per year and school-age population, W sex: united States, 1975 .. . .... ... .

4. Disability days per parson per year and population, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1975 ..... ... .. .. .... .. ... ..... . .. ... .. ... ..... .. .. . ...

5. Disability days per person per year and currently employed population, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1975 . . .. ... ... .. ... . .. .

6. School-loss days per school-age child 6-16 years of age per year and school-age population, by race and sex: United States,

1975 . .. .. ..... . .. . .... .. . ..... .. .. .... ... . ... . .. .... ... .. .... .. . ...". . .. ... ... . ..... . ....... .. .. .... . .... ... . .. ..... .. . .. ... .. ...............................................................'...

7. Restricted-activity days per person per year, by place of residence, geographic region, sex, and age: United States, 1975 .. .... .. .. .

8. Beddisability days per person per year, by place of residence, geographic region, sex, and age: United States, 1975 .... ... . .... .. .. ..

9. Population by place of residenca, geographic region, sex, and age: United States, 1975 .. .. .... .. .. .... ... .. ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ... . ..... . .. .... ... . ..

10. Work-loss days per currently employed person per year and currently employed population, by place of residenca, geographic

region, sex, and age: United States, 1975 . . .. .... . ... .. .... .. .... . . .... ... .. .... ... . ... ... . ..... . ... .... .. . .... .. . ..... . ... .... .. . ..... .... ... ... . ...... ..... ... .. .............

11. School-loss days per school-age child 6-16 years of age per year and school-age population by place of residence, geographicregion, and sex: United States, 1975 .. .... ... . .... .. ..... ... .. .... .. .. .. .... . .... ... . .... .. .. ..... .. . .... .. .. .. ... .. ..... .. .. .... .. ..... .. ... ... . .. .... .. . .....................-

12. Restricted-activity days per person per year, by family income, sex, and age: United States, 1975 ..... .. ... .. ... . ..... . ... .... .. .. .... . ... ....

13. Beddisability days per person per year, by family income, sex, and age: United States, 1975 . ... .. .. ...... ... ... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ..... . . ..... .

14. Population used in obtaining rates in this publication, by income, sex, and age: United States, 1975 ... .... .. . ..... .. .... .. .. .. ... ... .. .... .. .

15. Work-loss days per currently employed person per year and currently employed population, by income, sex, and age: UnitedStates, 1975 .. . .. ..... . ... ... .. .. .... . . .. ... .. ... .... .. .. ... . ... .... .. . ..... .. .. ..... . . .... ... . ..... .. . ..... ... ... ... . ... ... .. ... ... . ....... ................................ .................

16. school-loss days per school-age child 6-16 years of age per year and school-age population, by family income and sex: United

States, 1975 ... .. ..... . .. .... .... .. .. . . ..... . ... .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. . .... ... .. ... .. .. .... . .... .... . . .... .. ... ... .. .. . .... . .... ... .. .. ................. ............................ .........

17. Disability days per person par year and population by usual activity, sex, and age: United Statas, 1975 .. . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . ... .... .. ..

18. Work-loss days per currently employed person per year and currently employed population, by usual activity, sex, and age:United States, 1975 . .. ... .... . .. ..... .. .. ... .. ... .... . .. .... .. .. ... .... . .... . .... ... .. . ..... .. .. ..... . . .... . ... ... ... . ..... . ... ... ... . ..... . .. ................. .........................

19. Disability days per person in the labor force per year ana population, by current employment status, sex, and age: UnitedStates, 1975 .. ... .. .. . .... . .. .... ... ... ... . .... .. .. .... .. .. .... ... . .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... . .. .... .... . ... .. .. .... . .. ... ... . .... .. .. ................ ............................ .....”...

20. Disability days per currently employed person 17 years of age and over per year, and currently employed population, by sexand industry classifications: United States, 1975 .. ... ..... . .. .... . . .. ... ... . . .... . . .. .. .... .. .... .. .. ... ... .. .... .. .. .. .... . ... .. . . ..... .. ... .... .. .... .. ... ..... ....!....

21. Disability days per currently employed person 17 years of age and over per year and currently employed population, by SISX

and occupation classifications: United States, 1975 ..... . .. ..... . . ..... ... . ... ... . .... .. .. .... ... . .... . ... .... .. .. .... .. .. ... ... . ..... .. .. .. ... . ....... . ... .. .. .. .... .. .

20

20

21

21

22

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

36

18

22. Work-loss days per currently employed person per year and currently employed population for both sexes and males, by ageand industry classification: United States, 1975 .. .. .. ... . ... ... .. .. ... .. ..... . . .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... . . .... .. . ... .. . ... .. .. ... . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. . ... .. .. . ..... .. .... .. 37

23. Work-loss days per currently employed person per year and currently employed population for both sexes and males, by ageand occupation classification: United States, 1975 . . .... . ... ... .. . ... .. .. ... ... . ... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .... . . ... .. .. .. .... . ... .. . ... .. .. ... . .. ... . .. ... . 38

19

Table 1. Disability days per person per year and population, by sex and age: United Statea, 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix 111. .

Population

~—

Restricted+ ctivity days I Beddisability daysAge

BothMale

BothFemale

sexes Male Femalesexes 3!J.k.QY!-

Number in thousandsDisability days per person per year

209,065

15,93337,65438,67930,02722,39023,53119,56313,519

7,768

92,266

100,865

8,14019,18318,93014,53710,75711,323

9,2155,8652,915

46,253

108,199

117.9

12.211.011.614.517.021.128.034.046.2

15.6

12.510.8

9.812.114.217.527.531.140.7

6.6 5.4

4.7 4.74.5 4.34.8 3.45.5 4.06.2 4.87.7 6.09.3 8.4

10.3 9.817.4 17.0

4.6 4.0

4.7 4.84.3 4.05.1 3.4

All ages .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ...

Under 5 years ... ... .. .... .. . .... .. . ...5-14 years .. . . .. .. .. . .. . ... .. .. .... . ... .15-24 years .... ... .. .. .... . ... .. .. . .. ..25-34 years ... ..... ... . .... .. . ... .. ... .3544 years ... .... ... . .. .... . .... .. .. ..45-54 years .. .. ... .. . . .... ... . ... ... .. .55-64 years .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. . ..65-74 years .. ..... .. . .... .. .. ..... .... .75 years and over .. .... . .. .... ... . ..

All ages under

25 years ... .. .. .. ... ... .. .... .. .. ..

Under 6 years .... ... ... .... .. .. .. .. ...6-16 years ... ..... ... .. .... .. . ... .. .. .. .17-24 years .. . ... .. . . ...... . .. .... . ... .

20.0

12.011.113.316.919.624.428.436.249.4

12.2

7.6

4.74.76.17.07.59.2

10.110.617.7

5.3

7,79318,47119,75015,49011,63312,20810,348

7,6544,853

46,01410.7

I 12.1 12.510.5 10.212.3 10.2

11.610.914.3

4.64.66.7

19,51242,43330,321

9,99521,57514,683

9,51720,85815,638

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian populaticm of theUnited States in Current Population Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60.

Table 2. Work-loss days per person per year and currently employed population, by sex and age: United States, 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionaked population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Currently employed population

Age

Work-loss days

BothMale Female

sexesBoth

Malesexes

Female

Days per currently employedperson per year

Number in thousands

All ages 17 yearsand over .. . ..... . .. ... AI 4.9

~5.7 83,218

17,86120,28815,56716,02310,680

2,387413

I 50,062 I 33,156

9,65612,621

9,5BI9,8416,5541,524

286

8,2057,6675,9866,1824,126

863127

17-24 years ... .. . .... .. ....25-34 years .. ... .. ... ... ...35-44 years ... .. . ...... .. ..45-54 years ... ... . ..... .. . .55-64 years ..... . .. .... .. ..65-74 years ..... .. .. ... .. ..75 years and over .. ... ..

4.6 4.4 4.85.1 4.7 5.85.2 4.6 6.15.5 5.2 6.16.1 6.0 6.43.5 4.3 “2.28.9 *9.4 *7.8

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian population of theUnited States in Cwrent Population Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60, and Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly report, Employmentand Earnings.

20

Table 3. School-loss days per school-age child 6-16 years of age per year and school-age population, by sex: United States, 1975

[Data me based on househoId interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionaltzed population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix 1. JJefiiitions of terms are given in appendix II]

sexSchool-loss days

per school-age child per year School-age population in thousands

Both sexes .. .... .. .. ... . .. ... ... .. .... . . ... .. . .... . ... .. 5.1 42,433

Male .. . ..... . .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. . ... .. .. ... .. .. ... . .. ..... . . .... . .. .. 4.8 21,575Female .... . .. . ..... .. .... .. .. .. ... . .... .. . .... . . .... .. ... .. .. . .. 5.5 20,858

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian population of theUnited States in Current Population Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60.

Table 4. Disability days per person per year and population, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1975

[Data are based on household inter-vkws of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Sax and age

Population

EzlEIIE

Number in thousands

Restricted-activity daysI

Beddisability days

White Black Totall White BlackTotal 1

Disability days per person per yearBoth sexes

------ ------24,388

2,8056,2843,7885,5704,0011,827

11J69

1,4703,1581,7372,4011,816

786

13,027

1,4353,1362,0623,1692,1851,041

17.9 17.5

12.310.912.014.823.136.4

15.4

21.4

11.28.3 T

6.6

4.74.35.15.88.4

12.9

5.4

6.2 9.2All ages . . . .. ... . ... ... .. .. ... . .. 2uY#u?m

19,51242,43330,32152,41743,08421 ,2%7

100,865

181j3/4

4.54.44.85.47.9

11.7

5.33.67.8

10.313.924.6

7.4

16,21835,67226,0684591038,86719,339

88,114

6,32818,19212,73222,42218,501

7/!w

93,760

7,88117,48013s623.46720,16611,389

Under 6 years .. ... .. .. .... . . .... ... . ..6-16 years ... .. . .... ... . ... .. .. ... .. . ...17-24 years ... .. ... ... . ..... . .. ... ... ..2544 years .. .. ... ... .. .. ... . .. ... . .. . .45-64 years .. .. ... .. .. ..... .. .... . .. ...65 years and over .. ...... ... ... . ... .

12.110.512.315.624.238.4

15.6

15.323.035.559.6

Male

17.7 5.2All ages ... . ..... . ... ... .. .. ... . . ...

4.8 4.54.0 4.03.4 3.24.3 4.17.1 6.7

12.2 11.2

7.6 7.2

4.6 4.54.6 4.86.7 6.27.2 6.69.6 9.0

13.4 12.1

6.33.65.57.3

11.320.8

10.6

9,99521,57514,68325,28420,539

8,760

108,199

9,51720,85815,63827,12322,55612,507

Under 6 years ... .. .. ... . .. . ..... .. .. ..6-16 years .... .. .. .... .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. ..17-24 years .. .. . ... ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ..2544 years .... ... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. ...45-64 years .. . .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ... . .. ...

65 years and over .. .. ... .. . .... .. .. .

12.510.210.213,022.034.3

20.0

11.610.914.318.126.241.4

12.610.510.012.621.332.5

19.4

11.911.413.916.924.739.1

12.68.8

12.217.528.649.6

Female

All ages ... .. ..... . . .... .. . ... .. .. .. 24.7

9.87.9

17.927.241.067.2

4.43.6

9.712.616.127.4

Under 6 years .. . ... . .. .... .. .. ... .. .. .6-16 years ... .... . .... . . .. .. .. .. ... . .. ..17-24 years .... .. . .... . ... .. ... ..... .. .25-44 years ... .. .. .. .. . ..... .. .. ... . .. .45-64 years ... ... .. ... . .... .. .... .. ... .65 years and over ... .. .. .. .. .... .. ..

lIncludes all other races.NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian population of the

United States in Current Population Repotis, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60.

21

Table 5. Work-loss days per person per year and currently employed population, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionalized popuktion. The SUrvey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Sax and age

Both sexes

All ages 17 years and over ..... .. .... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .

17-24 years . .... . ... .. ... .. ..... .. .. .... .. . .... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... . .25-44 years ..... . ... .... .. . ...... .. . .... .. .. .... . ... .... . ... .... . ... .. .... ..45-64 y@rs ..... . ... ... .. ... ..... ... .... . ... .... . ... ... .. .. .... .. ... ... .. . ..65 years and over ... ... . ..... .. .. ... .. .. ... ... ... ... .. . ..... .. .. ... ... . ..

M

All ages 17 years and over . .. .. ... .. .. ..... .. .. ... .. .. .... ... . .

17-24 years ...... ... ... .. ... .... . ... .... . .. .... .. ... .. ... ... .... . .. .... .. .. .25-44 years ..... . .. ... .... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... .... . .. ...... . . .... .. .. ..... . .. .45-64 years . ... .. .. ..... ... . .... . .. ..... . ... .... . .. .... .... ..... . .. .... ... . .65 years and over ... ... .. .... . ... ... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. . .. ..... . .. .... .. ..

Female

All ages 17 years and over . .. .. .... . ... ... ... . ..... . ... .... .. ..

17-24 years .... .. ... ... .. .. . .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... . .. .... ... . ..... . ... ... ... . .25-44 years . ... ... .. .... . .. ..... . .... .. ... . ..... .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .... . .. .45-64 years . .... . ... .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... . . .. ... .. ... .... . .. .... .. .. .65 years and over .. .... .. .... . .. ...... . . ... .. . ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .

Work-loss days

Totall White Black

Currently employed population

EllzEEz

Days per person per year Number in thousands

5.2 5.0 7.4 83,218 74,024 8,018

4.65.15.84.3

4.9

4.44.9

5.64.1

4.7

7.17.37.7

*6.5

7.3

17,86135,85526,703

2,800

50,062

15,94531,54924,041

2,489

45,138

1,6783,6752,367

299

4,230

4.44.75.55.1

5.7

4.14.55.34.8

5.4

8.66.3

8.0*7.9

7.4

9,65622,20216,395

1,810

33,156

8,67319,91914,926

1,621

28,886

8491,9071,292

182

3,788

4.85.96.2

“2.9

4.75.66.0

*2.B

5.68.47.4

*4.3

8,20513,65310,308

990

7,27211,630

9,116868

8291,7681,075

116

1 Includes all other races.

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports onthecitiian populatia,n of theUnited States in C’urrent Population Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60, and Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly report, Emp,ioymentand Earnings.

Table 6. School-loss days perschool-age child 6-16years ofageper yearand school-age population, byrace and sex: United States, 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, ncminstitutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix H]

School-loss days School-age population

Sex

Total 1 White Black Total 1 White Black

Days per school age child per year Number in thousands

Both sexes .. .. .. 5.1 5.2 4.8 42,433 35,672 6,294

Male ..... .. . . .... .. . . .... 4.8 4.8 4.7 21,575 18,192 3,158

Female ... ..... ... .. . ... 5.5 5.6 5.0 20,858 17,480 3,136

lhrcludes all other races.

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports onthecivfikn populatio,n of theUnited States in Current Population Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60.

22

Table7. Restricted-activity days per person par year, by Place Of residence, geographic region, sex, and age: United States, 1975

[Datn arc based on household intmvicws of the civilian, noninstitutionalkcct population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation cm the reliabdity of the estimates arc given in appendix L Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Sex and age

Both sexes

All ages.....................

Under 6 years ....................6-16 years...... ....................17-24 years ........... .............2544 yaers .... ....................45-64 years .. ......................<65 years and over ...............

m

All ages .......................!

Under 6 years.................... .6-16 years ..........................17-24 years ...... ..................2544 years ........................4564 years ..................... ..65 years and over ....... .......

Female

All ages ........................

Under 6 yaars ....................6-16 years .........................17-24 years .......................2544 years ...... .. ................45J34 years ....... .................65 years and over ..............

Place rsf residence Geographic regionAl I

areas Outsida SMSASMSA

North- North

I

South WestNonfarm Farm east Central

Restricted-activity deys per person per year

17.9 17.9

12.1 12.510.5 10.812.3 12.915.6 16.024.2 24.238.4 37.6

15.6 15.5

12.5 13.110.2 10.410.2 10.713.0 13.222.0 20.934.3 35.1

20.0 20.0

11.6 11.B10.9 11.214.3 14.918.1 18.626.2 27.141.4 39.4

18.3

11.510.211.215.225.440.8

16.3

11.710.2

8.912.926.334.1

20.1

11.210.113.417.324.745.4

13.7

*6.28.08.19.1

17.532.0

11.1

●3.7‘6.0●9.3

8.113.225.2

16.5

“8.610.1●6.510.021.939.6

16.7

12.411.012.314.221.531.7

14.7

13.110.5

9.912.119.228.0

18.5

11.711.614.416.123.633.6

15.9

10.810.010.514.220.335.0

13.8

11.89.57.7

12.219.229.7

17.9

9.610.513.416.121.338.7

18.7

10.89.3

12.016.726.445.3

16.6

11.29.5

10.013.724.741.4

20.8

10.49.0

13.719.528.048.2

20.8

15.712.915.717.430.041.4

17.8

15.112.014.513.825.436.0

23.6

16.413.816.820.734.345.3

23

Table 8. Beddisability days per person per year, by place of residence, geographic region, sex, and age: United States, 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civifian, noninstitutionaked population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Sex and age

Both sexes

All ages. ... ... . .

Under 6 years .... .. ... .6-16 years .. .. . ... .. .. .. ..17-24 years ... .. .. .. .. .. .2544 years .. . ... ... ... ..45-64 years ... .. .. .. ... . .

65 years and over ... .

J&

All ages... .. ... .... ..

Under 6 years .. ... .. .. .6-16 years .. .... . .... ... ..17-24 years .... ... . .... ..2544 years ..... .. . .... ..45-64 years ..... .. ... ....65 years and over ....

Female

All ages ... .... . .. . ...

Under 6 years .. .. . ... ..6-16 years .... . .... .. ... ..17-24 years .. .. ... .. .. .. .2544 years ... ....... .. ..45-64 years.., .. .... . ... .65 years and over ... .

6.6 6.8

4.7 5.04.3 4.65.1 5.45.8 6.18.4 8.7

12.9 13.6

5.4 5.6

4.8 5.14.0 4.23.4 3.54.3 4.47.1 7.0

12.2 13.7

7.6 8.0

4.6 4.94.6 5.06.7 7.37.2 7.69.6 10.3

13.4 13.6

Geographic region

NortheastNorthCentral

South West

Beddisability days per person per year

6.2

4.23.94.45.5B.2

12.2

5.4

4.43.73.44.48.1

10.5

6.8

3.94.05,36.68.3

13.5

3.6

*3.4

*1.9●3.7*1.7

5.16.6

2.4

*2.1*1.2*3.6*1.O*2.6*5.1

4.9

*4.7●2.8●3.7*2.3

7.6●8.2

6.5

4.94.75.15.58.1

12.1

5.3

5.14.33.13.96.4

12.2

7.7

4.85.27.0

u12.0

5.8

4.54.34.55.16.5

11.7

4.8

4.93.83.03.95.5

11.6

6.6

4.04.86.06.27.5

11.7

7.1

3.93.85.46.99.7

15.2

6.0

4.23.73.95.18.7

13.8

8.2

3.63.96.88.5

10.716.1

6.8

6.24.75.45.69.4

11.8

5.5.—

5.34.33.94.37.6

10.0

8.0

7.25.06.96.7

11.113.1

24

Tabla 9. Population by placa of residence, geographic region, sex, and age: United Statea, 1975[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. The SUSWY d.sigm g-ml qualifications, ad

information on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

11 I

Sex and age

Both sexes

All ages .. .... . . .

Undar 6 years .. .... .. ..6-16 years ... ... . ..... . . ..17-24 years .. ... . ... .. . ..2544 years .. ... .. .... ...45-64 yaara .. . ... .. ... . ..65 years and over .. ..

Male

All ages. . . .... .. .. ...

Under 6 years .. . ... .. ..6-16 years .. . .. .. . .. . .. ...17-24 years .. .... ... ... ..25=$4 yeSlrS... .. . .. ..... .

45-64 years . .. .... . ... ...65 years and over .. ..

Farnale

All ages..............

Undar 6 years .... .. .. . .6-16 years . .. ... .. .. .... ..17-24 years .. ... . .. .... . .2544 years ... ... .. ... ...45-64 years ... ... . .... . ..65 years and over ... .

Place of rasidance Geographic region

Allareas

SMSA Outside SMSA NorthNortheast Central South Weat

Nonfarm Farm

Population in thousands

209,065

19,51242,43330,32152,41743,09421,287

100,865

9,99521,57514,68325,29420,539

8,780

108,199

9,51720,85815,63827,12322,55612,507

143,654

13,34828,81621,20537,07229,72013,493

68,884

6,74114,51810,12217,84814,186

5,469

74,770

6,60714,29811,08319,22415,534

8,024

58,700

5,74912,191

8,29513,95711,573

6,935

28,518

3,0516,3234,1006,7445,4422,858

30,182

2,6985,8684,1957,2136,1324,078

6.710

4151,427

8211>871~ol

859

3,454

202734461

701911454

3,247

213693360688890405

49.086

4,2879,7316,B79

11,95610,861

5,391

23,540

2,15749493,2895,8045,1512.190

25,546

2,1104,7813/5906,1525,7103,201

55,892

525511,269

8,4091391311,182

5,864

27,128

2,7065,7124,2226,7615,3582,369

28,763

2,5485,5574,1877,1535fi243,494

66,854

6,42913919

9,59016,75313,472

6,680

32,171

3,3097,1764,5128,0486,3172,808

34,684

3,1206,7435,0788,7057,1553/882

37,233

3,5617,5145,4439,7947,5793,343

18,02G

1,8233,7372,6594,6813,7121,413

19,206

1,7383,7772,7835,1133@61,929

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian population of theUnited States in Current Population Reports, Series F’-2O, P-2 5, and P-60.

25

Table 10. Work-loss days per currantly employed person per year and currently employed population, by place of residence, geographic

region, sex, and age: United States, 1975

[ I)nta urc bawd on h(,uscho]cl intcrvktvs Or the ~ii,ilian, ,l(}nin~tituti(>na] ~zc(l poPLl}ation. ‘Tfre SUI-Vey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates arc ~vcn in aPPendix I. f)efinitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Allaraas

Place of residenceI Geographic region

‘MSAA=i=-1.orthe=tSex and age

Work-loss days per currently employed person per yearBoth sexes

Al I ages 17 years and over..

17-24 years.. ... .. .. .... . ... ... ... .. .... ..25-44 years . ..... . ... ... .. .... .. .. ... .... ..45-64 years .... ... .. ..... .. . .... .. .. .... .. .65 years and ovar ..... . .. .... .. .. ..... .

M

All ages 17 years and over .. .

17-24 years .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... ..

25-44 years ... .. .. .. ...... .. . ... .. .... .... .45-64 years .. ..... .. . ..... .. .. .... .. .. .... .

65 years and over ..... .. .. .... ... . ... ..

Female

All ages 17 years and over .. .

17-24 years .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... ..25-44 years .. .... . .. . .... .. . .... .... .. ... . .45-64 years .. .... .. ... ... .. .. .... .. .. ..... .65 yaars and over . .... .. .. .... .. .. ..... .

Both sexes

All ages 17 years and over..

17-24 years ... ... ... .. ... .. .. ..... .. . .... ..25-44 years .. .. ... . .. .. .... .. .. .... .. . .....45-84 years ... .... .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .

65 yaars and over .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ....

M

All ages 17 years and over ...

17-24 years ... ... .. .. . .. ... .. .. ...... .. ....25-44 years .. .. .. .... . .. ... .... ...... . ... ..45-64 years . .... ..... .. . .. .. .. .. .... .. .. ...65 years and over . .. ...... . . .... .. .. ...

Femala

All ages 17 years and over ...

17-24 years . .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. . ....25-44 years ... .. ... ... . ..... . .. .... .. .. ....45-64 years ... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .....<.....65 years and over .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ....

5.3 5.0

IT4.7 5.1 6.1

4.2 4.4 5.24.5 5.2 6.15.5 5.4 6.8

*3.O 4.8 *4.5

4.3 4.9 5.5

5.2 3.6 5.3

4.65.15.84.3

4.9

4.44.75.55.1

5.7

4.85.26.04.5

4.15.35.4

“4.0

+3.5*2.4

4.7+4.0

5.05.0

5.95.2

5.1

4.25.15.4

*7.6

5.6

5.0 4.8 3.8

*3.6*2.6

4.7●4.5

4.7 3.7

T4.9 5.54.5 5.65.4 5.65.9 *3.3

5.3 7.0

3.43.95.7

*3.2

4.85.45.3

4.65.9

“5.0

5.9 5.3 I *3.2 5.2

4.85.96.2

*2.9

83,218

17,86135,85526,703

2,800

50,062

9,65622,20216,395

1,810

33,156

8,20513,65310,308

990

4.95.96.8

*3.3

4.7 *3.16.3 *1 .8

4.7 *4.9

●2.2 *1.1

5.84.96.6

*1.4

5.1 3.7 4.95.6 6.2 6.95.1 5.4 8.9

*2.7 *2.7 *6.8

Currently employed population

58,515 21,881 19,478

4,0327,9026,867

677

11,676

2,0995,0004,757

420

7,802

1,9332,9022,710

257

22,705

5,1519,6917,052

811

13,778

2,8036,0164,415

543

8,928

2,3473,6762,637

268

26,167

5,50011,582

8,153932

15,616

3,036780794,898

603

10,551

2,4644,5023,255

329

14,868=-

3,1776,6804,631

380

8,993

—=RR

4,1072,925

243

5,876

—~

2,5731,707

137——

2$21

12,66725,39218,727

1,730

4,6909,5086,854

830

504955

1,122240

34,777 13,274 2,011

6,59115,66611,443

1,077

2,7275,8854,136

527

338652816205

23,738

6,0769,7267,284

652

8,607

1,963

3,6242,718

303

811

166303306

35

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian population of theUnited States in Current PornArtfon Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and MO, and Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly report, Employmentand Earnings.

26

Table 11. School-loss days per school-age child 6-16 years of age per year and school-age population by place of residence, geographicregion, and sex: United States, 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionalked population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Sex

Both sexes .. ..... .. .... .. . .. .... . .... . .. ... . ... .... . ... .. .. . .... .

hle .......................................... ................... ..............Female .. ...... . ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... . .. ..... . .. ... .. . .... . . .. .. ... . ... . .. .... .

Both wxes . . .... .. .. ... . ... ... .. . ..... . . .... .. .. ... .. .. ... . . ..... .

Male . ... ... .. ... .. .. . ... . .. .... . .. ... .. ... .. .. . ...... . ... ... ... . ... . .... .. . .... .Female . .... ... .. .. .... . .. .... . .. .. .. ... .... .. . .... . .. .... . .. ... ... . ... .. .. ....

Place of residence I Geographic region

AllOutside SMSA

SMSANorth- North

areas Central CentralSouth West

Nonfarm Farm

School-1oss days per school-age child per year

-15.1 5.3 4.8 3.6 5.7 4.8 4.6 5.9

4.8 5.0 4.6 ●2.2 5.2 4.1 4.6 5.5

5.5 5.7 5.1 5.1 6.2 5.5 4.6 6.2

school-age population

42,433 28,816 12,191 1,427 9,731 11,269 13,919 7,514

21,575 14,518 6,323 734 4,949 5,712 7,176 3,73720,858 14,198 5,868 693 693 4,781 6,743 3,777

NOTE: For official population estimates for more generaI use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reporta on the civilian population of theUnited States in Current Poprdatlon Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60.

27

Table 12. Restricted-activity days per person per year, by family income, sex, and age: United States, 1975

[ Data arc based cm household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionalizecl population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Sex and age

Family income

All Less than1

$3,000-$3,000

$5,000- $7,000- $1o,ooo- $15,000Incomes $4,999 $6,999 $9,999 $14,999 or more

Restricted-activity days per person per yearBoth sexes

All ages. .. .. . ..... . .. ... .. . .. ... .. . . .... ... .. .. ..

Under 6 years .. .. . .. ... .. ... ... ... . .... .. .. ... .. ... ...6-16 years . . ... ..... . .. ..... . . ..... .. . ..... . .. ..... .. . ... .17-24 years ... .... .. .. .... .. . .... ... .. .... . .. .... . .. . ....25-44 years . .. .... ... . ..... . .. .... ... .... .. ... ... .. .. ....45-64 years . .. . ... ... . ..... .. . ... ... . .... ... . .... ... .. ...

65 years and over ...... . .. ... ... . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ....

M

All ages .. .... .. ... ... .. .. .... .. .. ... ... . .... ... .. ..

Under 6 years ... ... . . ..... ... ... .. ... ..... .. .... ... . ...6-16 years .. ... ... ... . ..... . ... ... .. . ...... ... .... ... ....17-24 years . ... ..... . .. .... . ... .... .. . ..... . .. ... ... .. ...25-44 years .. .. ... .. . .. .... .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. ... .... . ...45-64 yeara .. .. .... .. . ..... .. .. ... .. ... .... ... ... ... .. ...65 years and over . .. .... .. ... .. .. ... .... .. .. .... .. .. ..

.Ee!@2

All eges .. . .. ..... ... ... .. ... ..... . .. ... .. .. ... ... . ...

Under 6 years ..... .. . ...... . . ..... .. ...... . .. .... .. . ..6-16 years ... .. .. .... .. ... .... . .. .... . ... .. .. . .. ... ... . ...17-24 years .... .. .... . .. .... . ... .... . .. .... ... . .... .. .. ..25-44 years .. .. . ..... . ... ... .. .. ..... . .. ... .. ... .... . ... .45-64 years . ... . .... .. . .. ... .. .. .... .. .. .... ... . ... .. . ...

65 years and over .. ... ... . .... .... . .. ... .. . . ..... . .. ..

28.6 23.6 17.6 14.417.9 36.9 12.4

12.110.512.315.624.238.4

15.6

12.510.210.213.022.034.3

20.0

16.812.217.035.7

67.853.9

29.1

19.89.3

11.6

29.962.949.5

41.8

11.113.414.528.339.945.8

26.4

14.411.416.123.534.637.3

22.2

11.09.6

14.517.326.428.7

16.4

11.910.411.913.319.631.1

13.4

11.110.4

8.811.915.723.5

11.2.—

11.110.3

7.810.613.720.0

13.6

11.613.512.924.747.542.1

30.3

14.811.414.719.637.734.4

24.8

10.89.3

12.6

14.028.726.5

18.7

13.210.0

9.411.618.633.0

15.3

11.610.914.318.126.2

41.4

13.815.021.239.870.3

55.5

10.613.315.930.636.0

48.6

14.011.417.326.432.6

39.8

11.110.016.120.424.5

30.7

10.610.814.115.120.5

29.4

11.110.5

9.913.218.1

26.4

llncludes unknown income.

28

Table 13. Bed-disability days per person per year, by family income, sex, and age: United States, 1975

[Data arc based on houschoId interviews of the civilian, nonin~titutiona] ized population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix 1. Definitions of terms are given in appendix H]

Sex and age

Both sexes

All ages ... ... .. ... .... ..... . .. ... . . .... .. .. ... . ..

Under 6 years ... . ... .. .. ..... . .. .. ... . .... .. . .. ... . ...6-16 years .. .... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .... . ... .. .. . ... ... . ... .17-24 years ... . ... ... . .. . ... .. . .... . .. ..... .. ... .. .. ....25-44 years ... . .. .. ... .. .. .. . ... .... . . ..... . .. ... . ... ... .45-64 years ... .. .... .. ... .. .. . ..... . .. ..... . . .... . ... . ...

65 years and over ... ... .. ... ... .. . ... .. . ..... ... .....

M

All ages .. .. ... ... .... .. . .... ... .. .. ... . .... . . ..... ...

Under 6 years . . ... .... .. . ... .. .. .... .. . .... .. .... .. . ..6-16 years . .. .... . .. ..... .. . ... .. . .... . .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ...17-24 years . ..... . .. .. ... .. ... ... .... .. . .... . .. ... ... . ..25-44 years .. ... .. .. . . ... ... ... .. ... . . ..... .. .... .. .. ..45-64 years ... . ... ... .. .. ... . . .. ... .. .. . .. . .. .... . .. ...65 years and over . ... . .... . .. .... .. ..... . .. ... ... . .. ..

EeWd!2

All ages .... . .... . .. ... .. .. ..... .. .... .. ..... .. ... .. .

Under 6 years .. .. .. .... .. . .... .. . .... .. . .... ... .. .. . ..6-16 years .. .. ... ... . . ..... . .. .... . .. ... .. ..... .. . ... .. ..17-24 years ... ... . ... ... . ... ... .. .. .. . ... ... .. . ..... . . .25-44 years .... .. .. ... ... .. ... . .. ... . ... ... .. .. .. ... . ..45-64 years . .... . ... ... . .. ..... . .... . ... ... .. .. .. ... .. .65 years and over .. ... .... . . .. ... . .. . .. .. . ... ... .. ..

Family income

Al I Less than $3,000- $5,000- $7,000- $10,000- $15,000incomesl $3,000 $4.999 $6,999 $8,999 $14,999 or more

Bed-disability days per person per year

6.6

4.74.35.15.88.4

12.9

5.4

13.4

5.16.06.9

14.925.5

17.0

10.3

44.84.03.44.37.1

12.2

7.6

4.64.6

6.7

*6.2*4.O*3.211.621.618.2

15.4

*4.O8.09.7

9.9

5.44.75.9

10.313.1

15.0

9.0

●5.85.1

●3.77.4

16.214.1

10.6

‘5.04.37.9

12.211.415.6

8.6 I 6.6

5.15.36.69.1

12.1

11.9

7.8

4.84.05.66.39.8

9.3

5.8

*5.25.46.06.8

12.410.7

9.3

5.03.54.35.19.68.4

7.2

“5.05.27.2

11.011.912.9

4.64.46.87.49.9

10.2

5.3 I 4.6

4.4 4.43.9 4.44.8 3.95.3 4.26.6 5.1

11.4 8.8

4.6 / 3.7

4.6 4.13.2 4.33.1 2.74.5 3.05.7 3.9

12.3 8.3

6.1I

5.5

4.1 4.74.6 4.46.2 5.26.0 5.47.6 6.6

10.7 9.3

1 Includes unknown income.

29

Table 14. Population used in obtaining rates in this publication, by income, sex, and age: United States, 1975

[Data are based on household inter-views of the civilian, noninstitutionalizcd population. The survey design, general qualifications, andin formation on the reliability of the estimates are :ivcn in appenclix 1. Definitions of terms arc given in appendix H]

Sex and age

BJt h sexes

All ages . . .. ..... .. . ..... .. ... .. .. . . ... . .. ..... .

Under 6 years .......................................6-16 years................................. ............17-24 years ..........................................25-44 years ..........................................45-64 years ..........................................65 years and over .................................

All ages ..... .. .. ... . .... ... .. . ..... .. .. ... .. ... ..

Under 6 years ............................. ..........6-16 years ............................................17-24 years .................................. ........25-44 years..... ......................................45-64 years ..........................................65 years and over ..... ............................

Female

All ages ...................................... ....

Under 6 years ............................. ..........6-16 years ............................................17-24 years ..........................................25-44 years ...........................................45-64 years ............................. .............65 years and over .................................

1~~ludes unknown income.

Family income

Al I Lessthan $3,000- $5,000- $7,000- $10,000- $15“000incomesl $3,000 $4,999 $6,999 $9,999 $14,999 or more

Population in thousands

209,0651

19,51242,43330,32152,41743,09421,287

100,865

14,676

1,290

2,005

3,141

1,961

2,401

3,878

5,705

9,99521,57514,68325,29420,539

8,780

108,199

9,51 7/

20,858

15,63827,12322,55612,507

6391,0071,366

814811

1,069

8,970

651

999

1,775

1,147

1,590

2,809

17,074

1,6742,9292,5182,5642,9114,479

7,479

9061,4771,2011,003

9931,898

9,595

7681,4511,3171,5611,9182,581

19,602

2,0363,6723,0523,7973,6073,437

8,933

9951,8241,4201,6551,4371,604

10,668

1,0411,8481,632

2,1422,1711,834

25,671

2,8354,9674,0446,2205,1252,480

12,254

1,4122,5311,8532,9502,3171,191

13,417

1,4232,4362,1913,2702,8081,289

47,103

5,34410,070

6,43113,934

9,1882,137

23,592

2,764

5,1033,0547,0464,6131,012

23,512

2,5814,9673,3766,8874,5751,125

69,868

5,29316,1079,222

21,00815,788

2,452

35,726

2,7278,2434,799

10,3838,4631,111

34,141

2,5667,8634,423

10,6247,3251,340

NOTE: For official Douulation estimates for more general use, see U. S. Bureau of the Cemusreports onthecitilian populatio!n of theUnited States in Curre~t Population Reports, Series P-~O, P-25, and P:60.

30

Table 15. Work-loss days per currently employed person per year and currently employed population, by income, sex, and age:United States, 1975

lDatn are based on househoId interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionalimd population. The survey design, general qualifications, anc[information on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms arc .qivcn in appencfix II]

Family income

All Less than $3,000- $5,000- $7,000- $10,000- $15#ooo-incomesl $3,000 $4,999 $6,999 $9,999 $14,999 or more

83x and age

Work-loss days per currently employed person per yearBoth sexes

All ages 17 years and over . ... . ..... .

17-24 years .... . . .. .. .... . ..... . . ... .. ... .... ... ... . .25-44 years ... .. .. ... ... . .... .. . .... . .. .... .. ... .. . ..45-64 years .. ... . .... .. . ..... .... .. . ... ... . .. .... .. ..65 years and over ... .... .... . .. .. ... ... .. ... . ... . .

Male

All ages 17 years and over .. .. ... ... ....

17-24 years ... .... ... ..... . .. ... .. . ... .. .. .. ... . . ....25-44 years .. .... .. . ..... . ... ... . . .. ... . .. .... . . .... .45-64 years ...... .. .. .. .... . ... .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ....65 years and over . ... ... .. .. .. .... .. . ... ... . .... .

Female

All ages 17 years and over .. .. .. ... .. ...

17-24 years ... ... ... . .... .. .. .... .. .. ... . .. .... .. . ...25-44 years ..... .. .. ..... . ... ... .. . ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .45-64 years ... ... ... . ... .. .. .... .. . .... . .. .... .. .. ...65 years and over .. .... . ... .. . ... ... . .... . ... .. ...

Both sexes

All ages 17 years and over ... . ... ... .

17-24 years ...... . . .... .. . .... . ... ... .. . .... . ... ... ..

25-44 years .. ... .... . .. . ... . .... ... .. ..... .. . ... .. ...45-64 years ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . .... ... . ... ... .65 years and over .. ... . .. ... ..... . . .... .. .. .. .... .

&l@

All ages 17 years and ovar ... . .. ... .. .. .

17-24 years ... . ... ... . ... .. .. ... ... . ... ... .... .. . .. ..25-44 years ... ... .. . ..... .. . ... ... . .. . ... .. .... . .. ...45-64 years .... ... .. . ... ... . ... ... . .... ... .... .. .. ...

65 years and over ... .. .. . .... .. .. ... ... . .... . .. ... .

Female

All ages 17 years and over . .... .. . .....

17-24 years .... . . .... ... .. ... . .. .... .. .. ... .... ... .. .25-44 years .... .. . .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. ... . ... ... .. ... ... ..45-64 years . ... .. .... ... ..... . .. .... . ... ... . ... .... . .65 years and over .. ... .... ... .... .... .... . .. ... .. .

8.7 6.1 6.9 6.5 5.25.2 4.2

6.37.86.7

●4.9

6.5

7.4

6.75.3

*6.7

7.3

4.65.15.84.3

4.9

4.44.75.55.1

5.7

4.85.96.2

“2.9

83,218

17,86135,85526,703

2,800

50,062

4.613.811.9*5.1

7.2

‘3.610.512.1●3.O

10.1

4.26.28.7

‘5.0

7.1

6.06.67.2

“4.4

6.7

6.2

6.08.3

●5.3

6.3

4.74.96.1

*5.2

5.2

3.74.04.6

*2.6

3.8

*4. 1

6.812.1●7.3

5.3

4.2

4.6

6.4*7.2

5.3

3.3

3.84.0

*3.3

4.8

5.517.011.8

*6.7

*4.2●5.4

6.7*2.2

5.19.18.0

●1 .8

5.77.45.8

*2.6

5.25.35.5

●.

4.24.55.8

●.

Currently employed population in thousands

3,146 I 4,019 6,220 I 9,992 I 20,205 I 33,885

1,7552,2881,787

412

2,4934,154

2,954381

3,9699,7696,121

347

6,08515,715

11,506

560

1,264

838711332

1,2331,2061,140

439

1,483 I 1,967 38287 I 5,761 I 12,834 I 21,202

9,65622,20216,395

1,810

33,156

8,20513,65310,308

990

611416308147

681624422

240

9401,234

860263

1,3342,4951,672

280

2,193 3,2846,459 9,7753,929 7,696

253 43B

T1,663 2,052

653 553421 582403 718185 199

2,923 4,232 7,371 I 12,663

8151,032

927149

1,1591,65331,282

121

1,776 2,7913,308 5,9402,192 3,810

93 122

l~nc]udes “nkno\vn income.

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian population of theUnited States in rlment Population Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60, and Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly report, Employmentand Earnings.

31

Table 16. School-loss days per school-age child 6-16 years of age per year and school-age population, by family income and sex: United

States, 1975

[I)ata arc basccl on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionalimd population. The survey design, general qualifications, andin fnrmation (m the reliability y of the estimates arc given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Family income

SexAl I Less than g,;();. $5,000- $7,000- $1 orooo- $15,000

incomesl $3,000 , $6,999 $9,999 $14,999 or more

I School-loss days per school-age child per year

Both sexes ..... . . .... .. .. .... .. ... ... .. .. .... ..

H

5.1 6.0 7.0 6.7 5.3 4.8 4.7

Male ... .. .. ..... . .. .... .. .. ..... . ... .... .. . .... .. .. ..... 4.8 5.1 6.6 6.2 5.1 4.4 4.5

Female .. .. .... .. .. ...... .. . .... ... .. .... .. .. .. .. . . ..... 5.5 7.0 7,4 7.1 5.6 5.3 4.9

I Population in thousands

Both sexes . .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. ... .. ... 42,433 2,005 2,929 3,672 4,967 10,070 16,107

Male ... . ...... . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .... ... . . 21,575 1,007 1,477 1,824 2,531 5,103 8,243Female . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ..... . .. .... ... . ..... . 20,858 999 1,451 1,848 2,436 4,967 7,863

lIncludes unknown income.

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian population of theUnited States in Current Population Repotis, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60.

32

Table 17. Disability days per person per year and population by usual activity, sex, and age: United States, 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Restricted-activity daysI

Bed disability days Population

BothMale Female

Bothsexes

Male Femalesexes

Usual activityand age

Disability days per person per year Number in thousands

15.6

12.5

10.2

8.6

12.2

20.0 5.4

4.8

4.0

2.5

3.9

3.63.64.44.0

. . .

. . .

. . .. . .. . .

15.6

22.113.5

15.0

6.216.9

19.227.6

All activities .... .. .. ... ... 7.6 209,065

19,512

42,433

11,589

79,464

100,865

T

108,199

9,995 9,517

21,575 20,858

6,106 5,483

49,999 28,465

17.9 6.6

Preschool (under6years) .... .. ... . ... . ... .. . .... . ... . 12.1 11.6

10.9

11.7

15.8

4.7

4.3

3.9

4.8

4.6

4.6

5.4

6.2

School age (6-1 6years) ... ... .... . .... . . .... .. .. ... . 10.5

Going to school (17 yearsand over) ... ... . .. .... . .. .... . .. 10.1

Usually vwrking (17years and over) . .. .... .. .. ... 13.5

17-24 years ..... .. . ... .. ..... . ... .. .2544 years ... .. . .... .. ... .. .. .. ... .45.64 years ... . .... .. .. .. ... .. .... . .65 years and over .. .. .. .. .... .. . .

11.912.615.317.4

9.811.014.517.2

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

42.7

14.515.616.717.8

26.9

17.919.230.336.7

69.0

5.04.54.94.8

9.2

8.37.6

10.89.7

16.8

6.96.35.7

*6.5

9.2

8.37.6

10.8

9.7

30.6

14,14635,82327,022

2,473

40,116

3,78513,88712,13610,307

9,786

2,354

7,442

6,155

7,885 6,26123,244 12,57917,220 9,601

1,649 824

. . . 40,116

. . . 3,785

. . . 13,867

. . . 12,136

. . . 10,307

9,005 780

Usually keeping housa(17 years and over) .... .... 26.9

17-24 years .... . .. .... .. .. ... . .. ....2544 yeara .. .... ..... .. ..... . .. ... .45-64 years ... ... .... .. ... .. . .... .. .65 years and over ...... ... ... . .. .

17.919.230.336.7

Retired (45 yearsand over) .... ... .... .. .... . .. ... 44.8

2,175 1796,830 612

4,186 1,970

45.64 yaars .. ... . ... .. . . .... . ... ....

65 years and over .. .. .... .. ..... .64.738.6

61.736.7

43.3

101.259.4

79.9

24.614.3

23.1

54.923.5

40.5

Other activities (17years and over)l .. .. . .... .. . 55.0

17-24 years .... ... ... . ... .. . ... ... . .

2544 years .. ..... . .. ... . ... .. .. .. . .45-64 years .. .. .. . .. ... .. . ... .. .. ...65 years and over ... . ... ... . ... ..

17.149.5

73.0106.3

18.845.6

61.072.9

13.2

68.6

107.3119.5

5.419.3

28.454.1

●3.4

30.5!54.564.6

1,828

1,819

1,4841,024

1,281 6381,504 3151,100 384

282 733

1In~l”des unknown activitY.

NOTE: Forofficial population estimates formore general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports onthecivilian population of theUnited States in Current Population Reports, Series P-2 O, P-2 5, and P-60.

33

Table 18. Work-loss days per currently amployad person per year and currently employed population, byusual activity, sex, and age:United States, 1975

[ I)ata arc based on household interviews of the civilian, n,,ninstitutionalizcd population. The survey design, generaI qualifications, andinformation on the rclitib ility nf the cst imatcs arc ~ivcn in appendix 1. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Usual activity and age

All activities (17 years and over) . .. .. .. ... .. .... . .. ...

Usually working . ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... . ... .... . ... .

17-24 years .. .. . . .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. . ..... .. .. ... . .. . ..... .. .. .... .. ..25-44 years . .... . .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ... ... ... . .... .. ... ... .. ..45-64 years .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. . .... . .. .. ... .. .. .... .. . .... ... . ...... . .

65 years and over . .... . ... .... . . .. ... .. . ...... . .. .... .. ... .. .. . .. .... ..

Usually keeping house . .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. ... . .... ... . .... ... . .....

17-24 years . .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. . . .... .. .. ..... . .. .... .. .. ...25-44 years . .. .. . ... .. ... .... .. ... . ... .. ..... . .. ..... .. . ...... .. .... .. .. ...45-64 years ... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... ... . ..... .. . .... .. .. .... .. .. .

65 years and over ... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... . .... ... .. .. .... .. . .... ... .. .

Other activityl .. . ..... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. ... . .. .... .. .. ... ... .

17-24 years ... .... .. .. .... ... ... .. .. .. .... .... .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. . .... ..25-44 years . .. .... .. ... ... ... . .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ..... .. .. ... .45-64 years . . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... ... .. ... .. .. ....

65 years and over .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ... ... ..... .. . .. ..

Work-loss days per currentlyemployed person per year

5.2

5.4

5.35.2

5.65.3

3.5

‘5.43.03.8

●2.7

4.6

2.99.3

19.3*1.2

lIn~]udes ,etired, going to school, and unknown activity-

4.9

4.9

5.04.55.26.2

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

5.4

3.110,417.9●1.2

5.7

6.3

5.86.66.4

*3.1

3.5

* 5.4

3.03.8

*2.7

3.4

2.6*5.1

*26.7*-

8othsexes 7Male Female

CLsrrentlv emDloved Modulationin thousands

83,218

71.313

11,92932,50324,834

2,046

4,813

5952,4941,403

320

7,083

5,336858465433

50,062

45,631

6,70021,52716,000

1,404

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

4,431

2,956675395406

33,156

25.682

5,22810,976

8,834643

4,813——595

2,4941,403

320

2,662

2,381“183

71*27

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian population of theUnited States in Current Population Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60, and Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly report, .Employmentand Earnings

34

Table 19. Disability days per person in the labor force per year and population, by current employment status, sex, and age: United

States, 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionaliied popdation. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix 1. Def init ions of terms are given in appendix 11]

Sex and age

Both sexes

All ages 17 yearsand over ..... .. .. ..

17-24 years .. .. . ... ... .... ..25J.14 years .. .... .. ... . .... .45-64 years .. . .. ... . ... ... ..65 years and over .. ... .. .

Male

All ages 17 yearsand over ... . .. .... .. ..

17-24 years .. .... . .. ... . . ...25-44 years .... .. .. .... .. ...45-64 years .. ... . .. .... . ... .

65 years and over .. .. .. ..

Female

All ages 17 yearsand over .. .... .. .. ... .

17-24 years .. ... .. . ... . .... .2544 years .. .. ... ... .. ... ..45-64 years .. .... . .. .. .... ..65 years and over .. .. ... .

Reatricted~ctivity days Beddisability days

m Currantly Total in Currently

unem- Iabor em-ployed force ployed

Disability days per person per year

I13.4 12.0

11.1 10.313.1 11.915.3 13.213.7 11.7

12.2 10.8

L9.3 8.8

11.6 10.414.8 12.513.9 12.0

15.1 13.7

13.3 12.0

m

T28.0 4.6

15.9 4.627.6 4.750.3 4.640.3 3.6

28.1 ] 3.8

11.9 3.328.4 3.755.7 4.3

*40.6 3.9

-1--27.9 5.8

-L-20.8 6.126.8 6.343.0 5.1

*39.3 *3.O

4.0

4.14.33.82.2

3.3

3.23.43.5

*2.4

5.1

5.35.84.3

●1.9

Currentlyunem-ployed

10.7

7.29.8

17.8*2 I .2

9.3

4.0

8.618.2

* 24.8

12.4

11.1

11.117.3

●15.3

Population

wNumber in thousands

91,127

20,84638,t!4828,322

3,010

54,423

11,36223,78617,327

1,938

36,704

9,58415,05310,995

1,072

83,218

17,86135,85526,703

2,800

50,062

9,65622,20216,395

1,810

33,156

8,20513,65310,308

980

7.908

3,0862,9931,619

210

4.361

1,7071,584

932129

3,548

1,3791,400

68782

NOTE: ForofficiaI population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bweauof the Cemusrepotis onthecivifian population of theUnited States in Curr’errt Poprdatiors Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60, and Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly reoort. Ernployrrrentand Earnings.

. . . .

35

Table 20. Disability days per currently employed persan 17 years of ageandover peryear, andcurrently employ4population, by~xandindustrv classlficationx United States, 1975

[Data u. lmscd on houschokl interviews of t h. civilian, noninstit uti,mdizccl populat ion. The survey design, genmal qualifications, and in format ion on the rcliabilit y of t he estimatesarcqivcn inappcndix l. fkfinitionsof tcrmsm’csivcn inappcndix I1]

II ICurrently employed

pomdationBoth sexes II Male I Female

Restricted- Bed. Work. Restricted- Bed- Work- Restricted.activity disability loss activity disability loss

daysactivity

days days days days days davs

Industry classification !EIE Both

IIMale

IFemale

sexes

Disability days per currently employed person per year Number in thoumnds

All industryclassifications .. .. ..... ... ..

Agriculture .. ..... .. .. ..... ... ... .Forestry and fisheries ......Mining ...... ...... ..... .. .. ... .. ....Construction .. ...... .. ..... ... ...Manufacturing .. ... .. ... .. ..... .Transpcxtation and

public utilities .. .... ..... ... .. .Wholesale and

retail trade ...... ...... .. .. ......Finance, insurance, andreal estate ... ..... ..... ...... .... ..Services and

miscellaneou s.... .. ... ... .. .. ..Pub4ic administration .. .... ..Unknown .. .. ..... ..... ...... .. ... .

13.7 5.7 S3,218 50,062

7T

3,015 2,49770 61

656 58s5,042 4,695

19,149 13,570

12.0 I 4.0 5.2, 10.8 3.3

3.7 9.6 “2.1“2.4 ●2.8 ●2.8“3.6 “6.5 ●1.5

4.6 11.0 3.16.1 11.8 3.5

6.1 11.1 4.2

4.7 9.0 2.7

3.9 9.2 3.1

4.8 11.0 3.77.1 13,4 4.4

‘4.1 11,8 ●2.3

4.9 5.1 33.156-9.9 2.3

“3.0 ‘3.0“6.8 “2.410.9 3.212.9 4.0

3.5“2.6●3.8

4.85.6

6.6

4.1

2.9

4.56.3

●3.3

11.4●5.1

●1O.3“9.815.4

14.2

12,1

13.1

13.?17.9

“ 10.8

“3.4●5.1

“1O.3“3.7

5.3

“4.2

4.3

4.4

5.38.2

“6.5

‘4.s●-

“0.792.0

7.4

4.6

5.5

4.8

5.1S.7

“5.2

518W68

3475,579

1,279

7,144

2,537

13,7371,654

2s4

11.8 4.2 5,541 4,251

16,155 9,012

4,765 2,22s

10,8 3.4

10.7I

3 .s

12.4 4.614.9 5.611.4 ●4.1

23,055 I 9,3165,0S6 3,432

684 399

NOTE Forofficial population estimates formore general use, soe U. S. Bureau of the Census reports onthecivtiian population of'the United States in Current PopuIatton Repotis,Series P.20, P-2 S,and P-60, and Bureau of Labor Statistics Monthly report, Employ mentand,?amings.

Table 21. Disability days percurrently employed person 17yearsof ageandover ~ryearand currently employ &population, bymxand

occupation classifications: United States, 1975[l)JI. arc bawd “n Ihouschold intmvi.ws of the civilian, .C>ninstituti<,nali.cd population. The survey desi~m,general qualifications, and information on the reliability ,,f the estimates

arcgivcn inappcndix l.l)cfinitions oftcrms arcgivcninappcndix 11]

Both sexes Male FemaleCurrently employed

copulation

-

Number in thousands

Industry classification ?estricted. Bed- Work- Restricted- Bed- Work- Restricted- Bed- Work.activity disability loss activity disability loss act ivity disability loss

days days days days davs days days days days

Disability days per currently employed person per year

All occupationclassifications .. . . .. ... . ..

Professional, technical,

and kindred workers ... .. ..Farmers and farm

worker% .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Managers and

administrators,except farm .. . .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .

Clerical andkindred workers...,., .. . .. .. .

SaIes’mrkers ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .Craftsmen and

kindred workers. .. .. .. .. .. .. .Operatiws and

kindrad workers .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Private househOld

workers .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ..Service workers, exoept

private household .. ... . ... . .Farm laborers and

farm foremen..., . . .. . .. . . .... .Laborers, except

farm .. . ... . .. .. .. ... . ... . .. .. .. .. .. .Unknown ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .

10.8 I 3.3 4.9 13.712.0

11.0

10.2

10.4

12.19.s

12.1

12.7

19.6

14.1

10.4

12.88.1

5.7 33,156

5,362

83

2,037

10,9992,2C6

S63

3,837

1,051

5,917

309

328266

5.1 83,218 50,062

T

12,691 7,329

1,546 1,464

9,221 7,184

14,229 3,2315,284 3,058

11,2U5 10,542

12,646 8,709

1,060 ● 29

10,077 4,180

1,095 786

3.9 4.1

“1.3 2.7

3.3 3.7

4.7 5.13.0 4.0

4.0 5.8

3.9 6.5

5.6 4.7

4.8 6.5

“4.5 5.8

4.7 6.6“3.6 ●3.7

9.4

9.9

2.8

●1.2

3.5

2.9

3.3

4.93.4

5.6

6.0

● .

6.9

5.8

“To

nsus rep(

13.2

●16.6

13.9

12.911.8

18.2

14.8

20.1

14.0

“1O.5

17.8● 10.9

5.3

“3.3

4.7

5.13.8

8.4

4.4

5.8

5.1

●2.6

●12.3

●7.9

n populat

4.9

*.

4.8

5.24.8

8.7

7.6

4,9

6.1

“5.8

●8.3

●6.5

n of the 1

8.4

9.28.5

11.6

11.8

2.9

3.42.4

3.7

3.6

● ✎ ● ✎

14.4 4.4

10.3 ●5.2

X&!!!ted States in Current PoPuLz-

12.3 3.9*6.4 ‘0.9~~

NOTE: For official population estimat for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of thetion Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60, and Bureau of f.abor Statistics monthly report, ,

on the civiloloym&t and Earnings.

36

Table 22. Work-loss days per currently employed person per year and currently employed population for both sexas and males, by age

and industry classification: United Statesr 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Industry classification

All industryclassif ications ... .. .. ... . .

Agriculture .. .... .. . ..... .... .. .. .Forestry andfisheries .. . ... ... . .. .... .. . .... .. .

Mining ...... .. ...... . .. ... .. .. .. .. ..Construction ..... . .. ... ... . ... .. .Manufacturing .. .. .... .. . .... .. .Transpotiation and

public utilities .. .. ... . .. ... .. ..Wholesale and

retail trade ... .. . . .... . .. .... . . ..Finance, insurance

and real estate ..... .. . .. .. .. . ..Service and

miscellaneous .. . ... ... ... . .. .. .Public miscellaneous ... .. ... .Unknown ... ... .. . .... .. .. .. . . .. ...

All industryclassifications .. .... . . .. ..

Agriculture ... . .. ..... . . ... .. .. ...Forestry and

fisheries .... . ... ... .. .. .... . .. ... .Mining ... .. ..... .. .. ... . . .... .. .. ...Construction .... .. .... . .. .. .. .. ..Manufacturing .. .... .. . .... . ... .Transportation and

public utilities .... .. . .... . ... ..Wholesale and

retail trade .. .. .. .... . .. ... .. .. ..Finance, insurance

and real estate ..... .. .... . .. ...Service and

miscellaneous .. .... .. . ... .. .. ..

Public administration .. .. ....Unknown ... .... ... . ... . .. ... . ... ..

Both sexes IAll ages17 years

174

and overyears

5.2

-r

5.0

3.7 2.9

*2.4 *1.1*3.6 *3.8

4.6 4.86.1 5.6

6.1 5.8

4.7 4.6

3.9 3.8

4.8 4.67.1 7.5

*4.1 *4.O

83,218

3,015

70656

5,04219,149

5,54?

16,155

4,765

23,0555,086

684

53,716

1,606

44426

3,37712,208

3,621

10,852

3,115

14,9233,097

447

Male

1744 45-64 65 yearsyeara years and over

Work-loss days per currently employed person per year

5.8

4.6

*4.7●3.3

4.37.1

6.4

5.0

3.6

5.86.5

*4.8

4.3

*5.3

●.*.

●1.4●5.3

●13.9

●4.4

●7.2

●2.9●7.3

*.

4.9

3.5

●2.8*3.9

4.85.6

6.6

4.1

2.9

4.56.3

●3.3

4.61 5.5

●2.5 4.1

++ 1.2 *5.8● 4.2 *3.6

5.0 4.55.1 6.6

6.7 6.0

4.2 3.6

“2.6 *2.6

3.4 7.06.5 6.0

●3.8 *2.8

Currently employed population in thousands

26,703

1,076

●26221

1,5376,662

1,855

4,750

1,424

7,0411 /804

207

2,800

333

●.

●9128279

65

553

227

1,09785

’28

-1EJ3,062 31,858

2,497 1,280

61588

4,68513,570

40380

3,1488,655

4,261I

2,693

9,012 I 6,082

2,229 I 1,319

9,378 5,8633,432 2,045

399 251

16,395

918

●21201

1,4274,717

1,512

2,567

755

2,8261,322

128

5.1

*5.8

*.*.

●1.5“6.3

●14.6

●6.4

●6.5

*2.7*7.6

●.

1,810

299

●.

“7120197

56

362

155

53064

● 20

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reports on the civilian population of theUnited States in Current Popf{lation Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60, and Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly report, .Enrploymentand Earnings.

37

Table 23. Work-loss days per currently employed person per year and currently employed population for both sexes and males, by ageand occupation classification: United States, 1975

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutiormlized population. The survey design, general qualifications, andinformation on the :Iiability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

m

Industry classification

All occupationclassifications ... .. .. .... .

Professional, technical,and kindred workers .. .... .

Farmer and farm

managers ... . ..... .. .. .... .. . .... .Managera and

administrators,except farm .... ... . ..... . .. ... .

Clerical and kindredworkers ... . ... .... . . ... .... . .. ....

SaIesworkera .. ... ... . ..... . ... ...Craftsmen and

kindred workers .. . ..... . . .. ..Operatives and

kindred workers .. .. ... . .. ....Private household

workers .... ... . ..... .. . .... .. ... ..Servica workers, except

private household ...... .. . ..Farm laborers andfarm foremen .... .. .. .... . .. .. .

Laborers, excapt farm .. ... ..Unknown .... .. .. .... .. ... ... . ... ..

All occupationclassifications .. . ... .. ... .

Professional, technical

and kindred workers ... .. ..Farm and farm

managers .. .... .. . ..... .. .. .... . ..Managers and

administrators,except farm ... . . .... .... . ... .. .

Clerical and kindredworkers .. .. . ..... .. .. ... ... . .... ..

Salesworkers ..... .... ... .. . .... . .

Creftsmen and kindredworkers .. .. .. .... .. .. ..... . . .... ..

Operatives and kindradworkers .. ... .. ... .. ... ... ... . ... ..

Private household

workers .. ... . ..... . ... ... .. .. .....Service workers, except

private household .. ... . .... .Farm laborers and farmforemen .. .. ... ... ... .. .... . . .... .

Laborers, except farm .. .... .Unknown ... .. ... .... . . .... .. . .....

Both sexes Male

All ages1744 4544 65 years

All ages17 years 17 years

1744 45-64 65 years

and overyears years and over

and overyears years ancl over

5.2

4.1

2.7

3.7

5.14.0

5.8

6.5

4.7

6.5

5.86.6

*3.7

83,218

12,691

1,546

9,221

14,2295,264

11,205

12,646

1,080

10,077

1,0953,469694

5.0

3.9

*2.9

3.6

5.13.3

5.4

6.0

*5.4

6.1

● 2.86.7*3.3

53,716

8,839

587

4,977

9,6423,253

7,033

8,330

447

6,657

7632,543444

Work-loss days per currently employed person per year

5.8

4.9

*2.6

3.8

5.25.2

6.0

7.7

*4.3

7.8

*12.76.8*4.9

4.3

“0.9

*2.7

●2.7

“7.0*3.9

*12.6

*1.7

*4.O

*3.8

*12.5*2.7

*.

4.9

3.5

2.9

3.3

4.93.4

5.6

6.0

*.

6.8

5.86.4

*2.O

4.6

Currently employed population in thousands

3.1

*3.1

3.0

4.82.9

5.1

5.8

*.

6.3

*2.46.3*2.2

26,703

3,548

712

3,891

4,1101,748

3,905

4,047

476

2,940

272828226

2,800

304

248

353

277262

267

270

157

479

5998*24

50,062

7,329

1,464

7,164

3,2313,058

10,542

8,709

*29

4,160

7863,141429

31,858

5,027

552

3,934

2,0641,870

6,617

5,975

*I4

2,657

5622,315271

5.5

4.8

*2.7

3.8

4.93.9

6.0

6.6

*-

8.6

*14.O7.2

+1.9

16,395

2,080

679

2,975

1,0761,024

3,681

2,568

*6

1,238

180735142

5.1

●1.3

*2.9

*3.5

*7.4*6.O

*13.4

*0.8

● .

‘4.9

*1 5.9*2.9

*.

1,810

212

233

275

91163

244

166

●9

266

4491

●I5

NOTE: For official population estimates for more general use, see U.S. Bureau of the Census reporta on the civilian population of theUnited States in Current Population Reports, Series P-20, P-25, and P-60, and Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly report, Employmentand Earnings.

38

APPENDIXES●

L Technical Notes on Methods ... .......... ............................... .......................... .......................... .......... 40Background of This Report ............. ................................ ............... .......................................... 40Statistical Design of the Health Interview Survey ........... .................... ....... ................... ...... ..... 40General Qualifications ............................................. ........ ....................................................... 42Reliability of Estimates ........................................................................ ................................... 43

IL Definkions of Certain Terms Used in Thii Report. .......................................................................... 48Terms Relating to Disability ........................................................................... ................."....- ~Demographic Terms ............................ ............................ ............................................. ...........

IIL Probe Questions for Disability Days and Recording Form ............................................................. 53

39

APPENDIX 1

TECHNICAL NOTES ON METHODS

Background of This Report

This report is one of a series of statisticalreports prepared by the National Center forHealth Statistics (NCHS). It is based on infor-mation collected in a continuing nationwidesample of households in the Health InterviewSurvey (HIS).

The Health Interview Survey utilizes aquestionnaire which obtains information on per-sonal and demographic characteristics, illness, in-juries, impairments, chronic conditions, andother health topics. As data relating to each ofthese various broad topics are tabulated and ana-lyzed, separate reports are issued which coverone or more of the specific topics.

The population covered by the sample forthe Health Interview Survey is the civilian non-institutionalized population of the United Statesliving at the time of the interview. The sampledoes not include members of the Armed Forcesor U.S. nationals Iiving in foreign countries. Itshould also be noted that the estimates showndo not represent a complete measure of anygiven topic during the specified calendar periodsince data are not collected in the interview forpersons who died during the reference period.For many types of statistics collected in the sur-vey, the reference period covers the 2 weeksprior to the interview week. For such a shortperiod, the contribution by decedents to a totalinventory of conditions or services should bevery small. However, the contribution by de-cedents during a long reference period (e.g., 1year) might be sizable, especially for olderpersons.

Statistical Design of theHealth 1nterview Survey

Gm.eral plan.–The sampling plan of thesurvey follows a multistage probability designwhich permits a continuous sampling of thecivilian noninstitutionalized population of theUnited States. The sample is designed in such away that the sample of households interviewedeach week is representative of the target popula-tion and that weekIy samples are additive overtime. This feature of the design permits bothcontinuous measurement of characteristics ofsamples and more detailed analysis of less com-mon characteristics and smaller categories ofhealth-related items. The continuous collectionhas administrative and operational. advantages aswell as technical assets since it permits fieldworkto be handled with an experienced, stable staff.

The overall sample was designed so thattabulations can be provided for each of the fourmajor geographic regions and for urban and, ruralsectors of the United States.

The first stage of the sample design ccmsistsof drawing a sample of 376 primary samplingunits (PSU’S) from approximately 1,9001 geo-graphically defined PSU’S. A PSU consists of acounty, a small group of contiguous counties, ora standard metropolitan statistical area. ThePSU’S collectively cover the 50 States and theDistrict of CoIumbia.

With no loss in general understanding, theremaining stages can be combined and treated inthis discussion as an ultimate stage. WithinPSU’S, then, ultimate stage units called segmentsare defined in such a manner that each segment

40

contains an expected four households. Threegeneral types of segments are used.

Area segments which are defined geograph-ically.

List segments, using 1970 census registersas the frame.

Permit segments, using updated lists ofbuilding permits issued in sample PSU’Ssince 1970.

Census address listings were used for all areas ofthe country where addresses were well definedand could be used to locate housing units. Ingeneral the list frame included the larger urbanareas of the United States from which abouttwo-thirds of the HIS sample was selected.

The usual HIS sample consists of approxi-mat el y 12,000 segments containing about50,000 assigned households, of which 9,000were vacant, demolished, or occupied by personsnot in the scope of the survey. The 41,000 eligi-ble occupied households yield a probability sam-ple of about 120,000 persons.

Descriptive material on data collection,field procedures, and questionnaire developmentin the HIS has been published ~Z as well as a de-tailed description of the sample designs and areport on the estimation procedure and themethod used to calculate sampling errors of esti-

mates derived from the survey.4

1National Center for Health Statistics: Healthsurvey procedure: concepts, questionnaire development,and definitions in the Health Interview Survey. Vital andHealth Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Senes l-No. 2.Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, May 1964.

2 National Center for Health Statistics: Health In-terview Survey procedure, 1957-1974. Vital and HealthStatistics. Series l-No. 11. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA)75-1311. Health Resources Administration. Washington.U.S. Government Printing Office, April 1975.

3 U.S. National Health Survey: The statistical de-sign of the health household interview survey. HealthStatistics. PHS Pub. No. 584-A2. Public Health Service.Washin on, D.C., July 1958.

TNational Center for Health Statistics: Esti-mation and sampling variance in the Health InterviewSurvey. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No.1000-Series 2-No. 38. Public Health Service. Washington.U.S. Government Printing Office, June 1970.

thethe

Collection of data. –Field operations forsurvey are performed by the U.S. Bureau ofCensus under specifications established by

the National Center- for Health Statistics. In a;-cordance with these specifications the Bureau ofthe Census participates in survey planning, se-lects the sample, and conducts the field inter-viewing as an agent of NCHS. The data arecoded, edited, and tabulated by NCHS.

Estimating procedures. –Since the design ofthe HIS is a complex multistage probabilitysample, it is necessary to use complex pro-cedures in the derivation of estimates. Fourbasic operations are involved:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Inflation by the reciprocal of the probabilityof selection. —The probability of selection isthe product of the probabilities of selectiohfrom each step of selection in the design(PSU, segment, and household).

Nonresponse adjustment. –The estimates areinflated by a multiplication factor which hasas its numerator the number of sample house-holds in a given segment and as its denomina-tor the number of households interviewed inthat segment.

First-stage ratio adjustment. – Sampling theoryindicates that the use of auxiliary informationwhich is highly correlated with the variablesbeing estimated improves the reliability of theestimates. To reduce the variability betweenPSU’S within a region, the estimates are ratioadjusted to the 1970 populations within 12color-residence classes.

Poststratification by age-sex-color.–The esti-mates are ratio adjusted within each of 60age-sex-color cells to an independent estimateof the population of each cell for the surveyperiod. These independent estimates are pre-pared by the Bureau of the Census. Both thefirst-stage and poststratified ratio adjust-ments take the form of multiplication factorsapplied to the weight of each elementary unit(person, household, condition, andhospitalization).

41

The effect of the ratio-estimating process isto make the sample more closely representativeof the civilian noninstitutiona.lized populationby age, sex, color, and residence, which therebyreduces sampling variance.

As noted, each week’s sample representsthe population living during that week and char-acteristics of the population. Consolidation ofsamples over a time period, e.g., a calendarquarter, produces estimates of average character-istics of the U.S. population for the calendarquarter. Similarly, population data for a year areaverages of the four quarterly figures.

For prevalence statistics, such as number ofpersons with speech impairments or number ofpersons classified by time interval since lastphysician visit, figures are first calculated foreach calendar quarter by averaging estimates forall weeks of interviewing in the quarter. Prev-alence data for a year are then obtained byaveraging the four quarterly figures.

For other types of statistics–namely thosemeasuring the number of occurrences during aspecified time period—such as incidence of acuteconditions, number of disability days, or num-ber of visits to a doctor or dentist, a similarcomputational procedure is used, but the statis-tics are interpreted differently. For these items,the questionnaire asks for the respondent’s ex-perience over the 2 calendar weeks prior to theweek of interview. In such instances the esti-mated quarterly total for the statistic is 6.5times the average 2-week estimate produced bythe 13 successive samples taken during theperiod. The annual total is the sum of the fourquarters. Thus the experience of persons inter-viewed dun”ng a year–experience which actuallyoccurred for each person in a 2-calendar-weekinterval prior to week of interview—is treated asthough it measured the total of such experienceduring the year. Such interpretation leads to nosignificant bias.

General Qualifications

Nonresponse. –Data were adjusted for non-response by a procedure which imputes to per-sons in a household who were not interviewedthe characteristics of persons in households inthe same segment who were interviewed.

The interview #n-ocess. -The statistics pre-sented in this report are based on replies obt-ained in interviews with persons in the samplehouseholds. Each person 19 years of age andover present at the time of interview was inter-viewed individually. For children and for aduItsnot present in the home at the time of the inter-view, the information was obtained from a re-lated household member such as a spouse or themother of a child.

There are limitations to the accuracy ofdiagnostic and other information collected inhousehold interviews. For diagnostic infor-mation, the household respondent can usuallypass on to the interviewer only the informationthe physician has given to the family. For condi-tions not medically attended, diagnostic infor-mation is often no more than a description ofsymptoms. However, other facts, such as thenumber of disability days caused by the condi-tion, can be obtained more accurately fromhousehold members than from any other sourcesince only the persons concerned are in a. posi-tion to report this information.

Rounding of nunzbers. -The original tabula-tions on which the data in this report are basedshow all estimates to the nearest whole unit. Allconsolidations were made from the originaltabulations using the estimates to the nearestunit. In the final published tables, the figures arerounded to the nearest thousand, although theseare not necessarily accurate to that detail. De-vised statistics such as rates and percent distri-butions are computed after the estimates onwhich these are based have been rounded to thenearest thousand.

Population jigures. -Some of the publishedtables include population figures for specifiedcategories. Except for certain overall totals byage, sex, and color, which are adjusted to in-dependent estimates, these figures are based onthe sample of households in the HIS. These aregiven primarily to provide denominators for ratecomputation, and for this purpose are more ap-propriate for use with the accompanying meas-ures of health characteristics than other popula-tion data that may be available. With the excep-tion of the overall totals by age, sex, and colormentioned above, the population figures differfrom figures (which are derived from different

42

sources) published inthe Census. OfficialDresented in Bureau

reports of the Bureau ofpopulation estimates areof the Census reports in

series P-20, P-25, and P-60.

Reliability of Estimates

Since the statistics presented in this reportare based on a sample, they will differ somewhat

from the figures that would have been obtainedif a complete census had been taken using thesame schedules, instructions, and interviewingpersonnel and procedures.

As in any survey, the results are also sub-ject to reporting and processing errors and errorsdue to nonresponse. To the extent possible,these types of errors were kept to a minimum bymethods built into survey procedures.s Although

it is very difficult to measure the extent of biasin the Health Interview Survey, a number ofstudies have been conducted to study this prob-lem. The results have been published in severalreports. G-g

5 National Center for Health Statistics: Quality con-trol and measurement of nonsampling error in theHealth Interview Survey. Vital and Health Stat&tics. Ser-ies 2-No. 54. DHEW Pub. No. (HSNf) 73-1328. HealthServices and Mental Health Administration. Washington.U.S. Government Printing Office, Mar. 1973.

6NationaJ Center for Health Statistics: Health in-terview responses compared with medical records. Vitaland Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series 2-No. 7.Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, July 1965.

7National Center for Health Statistics: Compari-son of hospitalization reporting in three survey proce-d ures. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No.1000-Series 2-No. 8, Public Health Service. Washington.U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1965.

8 National Center for Health Statistics: Interviewdata on chronic conditions compared with informationderived from medical records. Vital and HealthStatistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000 -Series 2-No. 23. PublicHealth Service. Washington. U..S. Government PrintingOffice, May 1967.

‘National Center for Health Statistics: The influ-ence of interviewer and respondent psychological andbehavioral variables on the reporting in household inter-views. Vital and Health Statzktics. PHS Pub. No.1000-Series 2-No. 26. Public Health Service. Washington.U.S. Government Printing Office, Mar. 1968.

The standard error is primarily a measureof sampling variability, that is, the variationsthat might occur by chance because only asample of the population is surveyed. As calcu-lated for this report, the standard error also re-flects part of the variation which arises in themeasurement process. However, it does not in-clude systematic biases which might be in thedata. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that anestimate from the sample would differ from acomplete census by less than the standard error.The chances are about 95 out of 100 that thedifference would be less than twice the standarderror and about 99 out of 100 that it would beless than 2?4 times as large.

Standard error charts. –The relative stand-ard error of an estimate is obtained by dividingthe standard error of the estimate by the esti-mate itself and is expressed as a percentage ofthe estimate. For this report, asterisks are shownfor any cell with more than a 30-percent relativestandard error. Included in this appendix arecharts from which the relative standard errorscan be determined for estimates shown in thereport. In order to derive reIative errors whichwould be applicable to a wide variety of healthstatistics and which could be prepared at a mod-erate cost, a number of approximations were re-quired. As a result, the charts provide an esti-mate of the approximate relative standard errorrather than the precise error for any specific ag-gregate or percentage.

Three classes of statistics for the health sur-vey are identified for purposes of estimating var-iances.

1. Nan-ow range. –This class consists of (1)statistics which estimate a population attri-bute, e.g., the number of persons in a par-ticular income group, and (2) statistics forwhich the measure for a single individualduring the reference period used in datacollection is usually either O or 1 on occa-sion may take on the value 2 or very rarely3.

2. Jfediurn range. –This class consists of otherstatistics for which the measure for a singleindividual during the reference period usedin data collection will rarely lie outside therange O to 5.

43

3. Wide range. –This class consists of statisticsfor which the measure fora single individ-ual during the reference period used in datacollection can range from O to a number inexcess of 5, e.g., the number of days of beddisability.

In addition to classifying variables accord-ing to whether they are narrow-, medium-, orwide-range, statistics in the survey are furtherclassified as to whether they are based on a ref-erence period of 2 weeks, 6 months, or 12months.

Gene ra 1 rules for determining relativestandard errors. —The following rules will enablethe reader to determine approximate relativestandard errors from the charts for estimatespresented in this report. These charts representstandard errors of HIS data.

Rule 1. Estimates of aggregates: Approximaterelative standard errors for estimates ofaggregates such as the number of personswith a given characteristic are obtainedfrom appropriate curves, figures I andII. The number of persons in the totalU.S. population or in an age-sex-colorclass of the total population is adjustedto official Bureau of the Census figuresand is not subject to sampling error.

Rule 2. Estimates of @ercentapes in a Dercentdistribution:” ‘Relative” standard’ errorsfor percentages in a percent distributionof a total are obtained from appropri-ate curves. For values which do notfall on one of the curves presented inthe chart, visual interpolation will pro-vide a satisfactory approximation.

Rule 3 Estimates of rates where the numeratorh a subclass of the denominator: Thisrule applies for prevalence rates or wherea unit of the numerator occurs, with fewexceptions, only once in the year for anyone unit in the denominator. For ex-ample, in computing the rate of visualimpairments per 1,000 population, thenumerator consisting of persons with the

impairment is a subclass of the denomi-nator, which includes all persons in thepopulation. Such rates if converted torates per 100 may be treated as thoughthey were percentages and ‘the relativestandard errors obtained from the per-centage charts for population estimates.Rates per 1,000, or on any other base,must first be converted to rates per 100;then the percentage chart will providethe relative standard error per 100.

Rule 4. Estimates of rates where the numeratoris not a subclass of the denominator:This rule applies where a unit of thenumerator often occurs more than oncefor any one unit in the denominator.For exampIe, in the computation of thenumber of persons injured per 100 cur-rently employed persons per year, it ispossible that a person in the denomi-nator could have sustained mor,e thanone of the injuries included in the nu-merator. Approximate relative standarderrors for rates of this kind may becomputed as follows:

(a)

(b)

Where the denominator is the totalU.S. population or’ includes all per-sons in one or more of the age-sex-color groups of the total popu-lation, the relative error of the rateis equivalent to the relative error ofthe numerator, which can be ob-tained directly from the appro-priate chart.In other cases the relative standard

Rule 5.

error of the numerator and of thedenominator can be obtained fromthe appropriate curve. Square eachof these reIative errors, add the re-sulting values, and extract thesquare root of the sum. This pra-cedure will result in an upperbound on the standard error and of-ten will overstate the error.

Estimates of difference between twostatistics (mean, rate, total, etc.): Thestandard error of a difference is approx-imately the square root of the sum of

44

the squares of each standard error con-sidered separately. A formula for thestandard error of a difference,

d = .sl – X2

is

‘d = (xl Vxl) 2+(’~zJ’XJ2

where Xl is the estimate for class 1, X2

is the estimate for class 2, and VX~ and

v~z are the reIative errors of Xl and

X2 respectively. This formula wilI

represent the actual standard error quiteaccurately for the difference betweenseparate and uncorrelated character-istics although it is only a rough approx-imation in most other cases. The rela-tive standard error of each estimateinvolved in such a difference can be de-termined by one of the four rulesabove, whichever is appropriate.

45

10090807060

50

40

30

20

1098:65

4

3

2

1.9.8.7.6

.5

.4

.3

.2

.1

Figurel. RELATIVE STANDARD ERRORS FOR Population CHARACTERlSTlCS1

A 2 3 456789A 2 3 456789A 2 3 456789A 2 3 456789A 2 2 456789A

10 100 ~,ooo I(),ooo Ioo,ooo 1,000,000SIZE OF ESTIMATE (IN THOUSANDS)

Im -e ~r-t~ ~,timte, of ~l~ive ~~~d e~on basedon 4 quartersof datacollection for n-w ~ge csti~atesof populationcharacteristicsor narrowrangeestimatesof aggregatesusinga 12-monthreferenceperiod

Example of use of chart: An estimate of 10,000,000 persons with annual family income of $15,000 m rmre nv 1 ~ Mfi nnO. . . . . . . , -. -.,,.,.,-,””.—pxsons WIIOwere hospltahzed one or more times in the past year (on scale at bottom of chart) has a relative standard error of 1.percent (read from wale at.lefl side of chart), or a standard exror of 170,000 (1.7 percent of 10,000,000).

o00

Figure Il. RELATIVE STANDARD ERRORS FOR DAYS OF RESTRICTED ACTIVITY ORBED DISABILITY (A) AND FOR DAYS LOST FROM WORK OR SCHOOL (B)l

10J1, f

I!

1I

‘E _ ‘!~:+:”?~r;-:‘1,,: ,,,-—4 ----- - .._- —-.+..:...-r--J——..=— -q— ..-L+ ++i.LJ.~ ----j---- f-p+ -.)i,~—— :,; !,.:1:, , 4,,, ,, ,3 .–t--.....-----L----.-+=-!.’+ -—-.-—.—–:—--+y- ~T+l ——-i- :J+

II f,,,, ,-———— -—.A- lJ,,.

,,,.,,, ,!

I I 1 1 I 1 i 1 1

I I I I I IllI r 1 1 1 1 1 L

.1 1 ,! ,1,!, ,., .,, ,,, . ,, .,,

A 2 3 4 56789A 2 3 4 56789A 2 3 456789A 23 4 567a9A 2 34

100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

SIZE OF ESTIMATE (IN THOUSANDS)1Thee ~mve~ ~epre~cnt ~~timat~ of relative st~d~d errors breed on I to 4 quarters of data

collection for wide rangeestimatesof aggregatesusing a 2-week reference period.

56789A

10,000,000

Example of use of chart: An estimate of 10,000,000 days of restricted activity (on scale at bottom of chart) has a relative standard5 error of 22 percent (read from Curve A on scale at left side of chart), or a standard error of 2,200,000 (22 percent of 10,000,000).

DEFINITIONS

Terms Relating to Disability

APPENDIX II

OF CERTAIN TERMS

golf,

USED IN THIS REPORT

visiting friends or relatives, or staying at

Disability.-Disability is the general termused to describe any temporary or long-term re-duction of a person’s activity as a result of anacute or chronic condition.

Disability &y.–Short-term disability daysare classified according to whether they are daysof restricted activity, bed-disability days, hos-pital days, work-loss days, or school-loss days.AU hospital days are, by definition, days of beddisability; all days of bed disability are, b y defini-tion, days of restricted activity. The converseform of these statements is, of course, not true.Days lost from work and days lost from schoolare special terms which apply to the working andschool-age populations onIy, but these too aredays of restricted activity. Hence “days of res-tricted activity “ is the most inclusive term usedto describe disability days.

Restricted-activity day.-A day of re-stricted activity is one on which a person cutsdown on his usual activities for the whole ofthat day because of an illness or an injury. Theterm “usual activities” for any day means thethings that the person would ordinarily do onthat day. For children under school age, usual ac-tivities depend on whatever the usual pattern isfor the child’s day, which will in turn be af-fected by the age of the child, weather condi-tions, and so forth. For retired or elderly per-sons, usual activities might consist of almost noactivity, but cutting down on even a smallamount for as much as a day would constituterestricted activity. On Sundays or holidays,usual activities are the things the person usuallydoes on such days–going to church, playing

home and listening to the radio, reading, lookingat television, and so forth. Persons who havepermanently reduced their usual activities be-cause of a chronic condition might not reportany restricted-activity days during a 2-weekperiod. Therefore absence of restricted-activitydays does not imply normal health.

Restricted activity does not imply com-plete inactivity, but it does imply only the mini-mum of usual activities. A special nap for anhour after lunch does not constitute cuttingdown on usuzd activities, nor does the elimina-tion of a heavy chore such as cleaning ashes outof the furnace or hanging out the wash. If afarmer or housewife carries on only the mini-mum of the day’s chores, however, this is a dayof restricted activity.

A day spent in bed or a day home fromwork or school because of illness or injury is, ofcourse, a restricted-activity day.

Bed-disability day.–A day of bed disabilityis one on which a person stays in bed for all ormost of the day because of a specific illness orinjury. All or most of the day is defined as morethan half of the daylight hours. All hospital daysfor inpatients are considered to be days of beddisability even if the patient was not actual~y inbed at the hospital.

Work-loss day.–A day lost from work is aday on which a person did not work at his job orbusiness for at least half of his normal workdaybecause of a specific illness or injury. The num-ber of days lost from work is determined onlyfor persons 17 years of age and over who re-ported that at any time during the 2-weekperiod covered by the interview they either

48

worked at or had a job or business. (See “Cur-rently employed persons” under “DemographicTerms.”)

School-loss day.–A day lost from school isa normal school day on which a child did notattend school because of a specific illness or in-jury. The number of days lost from school isdetermined only for children 6-16 years of age.

Demographic Terms

Age.–The age recorded for each person isthe age at last birthday. Age is recorded in singleyears and grouped in a variety of distributionsdepending on the purpose of the table.

Race. –The population is divided into threegroups according to race, “white,” “black,” and“ail other races. ” The “all other races” categoryincludes American Indian, Chinese, Japanese,Hawaiian, and all other races. Mexican, PuertoRican, and Cuban persons are included with“white” unless definitely known to be Indian orof another race.

Income of family or of unrelatedindividuals.-Each member of a famiIy is classi-fied according to the total income of the famiIyof which he is a member. Within the householdall persons related to each other by blood, mar-riage, or adoption constitute a family. Unrelatedindividuals are classified according to their ownincome.

The income recorded is the totzd of all in-come received by members of the family (or byan unrelated individual) in the 12-month periodpreceding the week of interview. Income fromall sources is included, e.g., wages, salaries, rentsfrom property, pensions, and help from rela-tives.

Usual activity .–All persons in the popula-tion are classified according to their usuaI activ-ity during the 12-month period prior to theweek of interview. The “usual” activity, in casemore than one is reported, is the one at whichthe person spent the most time during the12-month period. Children under 6 years of ageare classified as “preschool.” All persons 6-16years of age are classified as “schooI age.”

The categories of usual activity used inthis report for persons 17 years of age and over

are usually working, usually going to school,usually keeping house, retired, and other activ-ity. For several reasons these categories are notcomparable with somewhat similarly named cat-egories in official Federal labor force statistics.First, the responses concerning usual activity areaccepted without detailed questioning since theobjective of the question is not to estimate thenumbers of persons in labor force categories butto identify crudely certain population groupswhich may have differing health problems. Sec-ond, the figures represent the usual activity sta-tus over the period of an entire year, whereasofficial labor force statistics relate to a muchshorter period, usuzdly 1 week. Third, the mini-mum age for usualy working persons is 17 inthe Health Interview Survey, and the official 1a-bor force categories include all persons aged 14or older. Finally, in the definitions of specificcategories which follow, certain marginal groupsare classified differently to simplify procedures.

Usually working includes persons 17 years of ageand over who are paid employees; self-employedin their own business, profession, or in farming;or unpaid employees in a family business orfarm. Work around the house or volunteer or un-paid work such as for a church is not counted asworking.

Usually going to school includes persons 17years of age and over whose major activity isgoing to school.

Usually keeping house includes female persons17 years of age and over whose major activity isdescribed as ~’keeping house” and who cannotbe classified as “working.”

Retired includes persons 45 years of age and overwho consider themselves to be retired. In case ofdoubt, a person 45 years of age and over iscounted as retired if he or she has either volun-tarily or involuntarily stopped working, is notlooking for work, and is not described as “keep-ing house. ” A retired person may or may not beable to work.

Other activity includes all persons 17 yearsof age and over not classified as “working,”

49

Region

Northeast . . .

North Central .

South . . . .

\vest . . . .

States Included

Maine, New Hampshire,Vermont, Massachusetts,Rhode Island, Connecticut,New York, Ncw Jersey,Pennsylvania

Michigan, Ohio, Indiana,Illinois, Wisconsin,Minnesota, Iowa, Llissouri,

North Dakota, SouthDakota, Kansas, Nebraska

Delaware, Maryland,District of Columbia,Virginia, West Virginia,North Carolina, South

Carolina, Georgia, Florida,Kentucky, Texas, Tcnncsscc,Alabama, Mississippi,Arkansas, Louisiana,Oklahoma

ith)ntana, Idaho, lVyoming,

Colorado, h’cw Mexico,Arizona, Utah, h’evacla,IVashin:ton, Alaska, OrcSon,California, Iiatvaii

‘ Figure 1I 1. Geographic regions by the States included

“retired,” or “going to school,” and females 17years of age and over not classified as “keepinghouse.”

Geographic region. – For the purpose of

classifying the population by geographic area,the States are grouped into four regions. Theseregions, which correspond to those used by theU.S. Bureau of the Census, are shown in

figure III.

Place of residence. –The place of residenceof a member of the civilian, noninstitutionalized

population is classified as inside a standard met-ropolitan statistical area (SMSA) or outside anSMSA and either farm or nonfarm.

Standard metropolitan statistical areas. –The def-initions and titles of SMSA’S are established bythe U.S. Office of Management and Budget withthe advice of the Federal Committee on Stand-ard Metropolitan Statistical Areas; There were243 SMSA’S defined for the 1970 decennialcensus.

The definition of an individual SMSA involvestwo considerations: first, a city or cities of speci-fied population which constitute the central cityand identify the county in which it is Iclcated asthe central county; second, economic and socialrelationships with contiguous counties (exceptin New England) which are metropolitan in char-acter so that the periphery of the specific metro-politan area may be determined. SMSA’S are notlimited by State boundaries. In New EnglandSMSA’S consist of towns and cities, rather thancounties. The metropolitan population in this re-port is based on SMSA’S as defined in the 1970census and does not include any subsequent ad-ditions or changes.

Farm and nonfarm residence. –The populationresiding outside SMSA’S is subdivided into thefarm population, which comprises all non-SMSAresidents living on farms, and the nonfanm p opu-lation, which comprises the remaining outsideSMSA population. The farm population includespersons living on places of 10 acres or morefrom which sales of farm products amounted to$50 or more during the previous 12 months oron places of less than 10 acres from which salesof farm products amounted to $250 or moreduring the preceding 12 months. Other personsIiving outside an SMSA were classified as non-farm if their household paid rent for the housebut their rent did not include any land used forfarming.

Sales of farm products refer to the gross receiptsfrom the sale of field crops, vegetables, fruits,nuts, livestock and livestock products (milk,wool, etc.), poultry and poultry products, andnursery and forest products produced on theplace and sold at any time during the preceding12 months.

Occupation.–A person’s occupation maybe defined as his principal job or business. For

50

Occupation Classzj3cation

White-collar workers

Professional, technical, and kmdrad workers .. ..Managars and administrators, except farm .. .. . .Salesworkers . ...... ... ... .. ... ... .. . .... . .. ... .. ... .. . .. .... . . .Clerical and kindred workers . .... ..... ... .... . .. .... . .

Blue-collar workers

Craftsman and kindred workers ..... . . .... . ... .... .. .Operatives and kindred workers .... . . ..... . . . .... . . ..Laborers, except farm ...... . . ... ... . ... .. . .... ... .. .. ... . .

Farm workers

Farmers and farm managers .. .. . ..... . . .... . ... ... .. . ..Farm laborers and farm foremen .... . .... .. ... .. . .. ..

Service workers

Servica workars, except private household .. .. ..Private housahold workers .. .. .... .... . ... . ... ... . . .. ..Unknown ... .... .. ... .. .. . .... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... .. ...... . .. .. .

census

001-195, N201-245260-285301-395, P,Q

401-580, R.S601-715, T,U740-785, V

801-802, W821-824

901-965, X,Y980-984, Z995

Figure IV. Occupation classas by Census code

the purposes of this survey, the principal job orbusiness is defined in one of the following ways.If the person worked during the 2-week refer-ence period of the interview, or had a job orbusiness, the question concerning his occupation(or what kind of work he was doing) applies tohk job during that period. If the respondentheld more than one job, the question is directedto the one at which he spent the most time. Foran unemployed person, this question refers tothe last full-time civilian job he had. A personwho has a job to which he has not yet reported,and has never had a previous job or business, isclassified as a “new worker. ”

The occupation classes presented in this re-port and their code numbers as found in theClassified Index of Occupations and Industriesof the U.S. Bureau of the Census are shown infigure IV.

Industry.-The industry in which a personwas reportedly working is classified by the majoractivity of the establishment in which heworked. The only exceptions, the few establish-ments classified according to the major activityof the parent organization, are as follows:

lab oratories, warehouses, repair shops, andstorage facilities.

The industry categories presented in this re-port are shown in figure V with the corre-sponding codes found in the Classified Index ofOccupations and Industries, U.S. Bureau of theCensus, and the Standard Industrial Classifi-cation Manual (SIC), U.S. Office of Managementand Budget.

In labor force.–AU persons 17 years of ageand over who worked at or had a job or businessor were looking for work or on layoff from workduring the 2-week period prior to the week ofinterview are in the labor force. The labor forceconsists of persons currently employed andthose not employed as defined below.

Currently employ ed.–Persons 17 years of ageand over who reported that at any time duringthe 2-week period covered by the interview theyeither worked at or had a job or business arecurrently employed. Current employment in-cludes paid work as an employee of someoneelse; self-employment in business, farming, orprofessional practice; and unpaid work in afamily business or farm. Persons who were tem-porarily absent from a job or business because ofa temporary illness, vacation, strike, or badweather are considered as currently employed ifthey expected to work as soon as the particularevent causing the absence no longer existed.

Industry ckassi~icutwn Census &de SIC Code

Agriculture ... .. .. ... .. . ... .. . .... .. .. 017-019, A 01,07

(axcapt 0713)Forestry and fisheries . . .. .. . .. . 027-028 043,08Mining ... .. . .. ... .. ... . .. ... .. .. ... . .. . 047-057 10-14Construction . . ... ... . .... .. . ... . . .. 067-077, B 15-17Manufacturing .. .... .... .. .. .. .. . .. 107-398, C 19-39,0713Transportation and public

util ivies .... .. . .... . . ... ... . .... . . ... 407-479, D 4049Wholasale and retail trada . ... 507-698, E, F, G 50-59Finance, insurance, and

real estate . .. ... .. . ... ... . ... .. .. .. 707-718 60-67Services and miscellaneous.. 727-897, H, J, K 70-89Public administration . ... .. . ... 807-937, L, M 91-84Unknown .. .. .. ... . .. ... . ... .. . .. . ... 989 99

Figure V. Industry categories by Census code and standardindustrial classification manual code

51

Free-lance workers are considered currently em-ployed if they had a definite arrangement withone employer or more to work for pay accord-ing to a weekly or monthly schedule, either fulltime or part time. .

Excluded from the currently employed popu-lation are persons who have no definite employ-ment schedule but work only when their servicesare needed. Also excluded from the currentlyemployed population are (1) persons receivingrevenue from an enterprise but not participatingin its operation, (2) persons doing housework orcharity work for which they receive no pay, (3)seasonaI workers during the portion of the yearthey are not working, and (4) persons who arenot working, even though having a job orbusiness, but are on layoff or looking forwork.

The number of currently employed persons esti-mated from the Health Interview Survey (HIS)will differ from the estimates prepared from theCurrent Population Survey (CPS) of the U.S.Bureau of the Census for several reasons. In ad-dition to sampling variability they include threeprimary conceptual differences, namely: (1) HIS

estimates are for persons 17 years of age andover; CPS estimates are for persons 16 years ofage and over. (2) HIS uses a 2-week referenceperiod, while CPS uses a l-week reference pe-riod. (3) HIS is a continuing survey with sepa-rate samples taken weekly; CPS is a monthlysample taken for the survey week which includesthe 12th of the month.

Currently unemployed. –Persons 17 years of ageand over who during the 2-week period prior to in-terview did not work or had no job or businessbut were looking for work and those who had ajob but were on layoff or looking for work areconsidered currently unemployed.

Not in labor ~orce.–Persons not in thelabor force are all persons under 17 years of ageand other persons who did not at any time dur-ing the 2-week period covered by the interviewhave a job or business, were not Iook.ing forwork, and were not on layoff from a job. Ingeneral, persons excluded from the labor forceare children under 17, retired persons, physicallyhandicapped persons unable to work, and house-wives or charity workers who receive no pay.

—ooo —

52

APPENDIX HI

PROBE QUESTIONS FOR DISABILITY DAYS AND RECORDING FORM

This survey is being conducted to collect information on the Nation’s health. I will ask about visits fodoctors and dentists, illness in the family, and other health related items. (Hand calendar)

The next few questions refer to the past 2 weeks, the 2 weeks outlined in red on that calendar,

beginning Monday, (date) , and ending this past Sunday, (date) . Y (4b)

4a. During those 2 weeks, did -- stay in bed because of any illness or iniury? 4m. ~. ~

}

If age:------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . --- I 7+ (5)

b. During that 2-week period, how many days did -- stay in bed all or most of the day?6– 16 (6)

b. —Day. Under 6 (8)

5. During those 2 weeks, how many days did illness or iniury keep -- from work? 5.(For females): not counting work around the house? _WL days (7)

00 ❑ None (8)

6. During those 2 weeks, how many days did illness or iniury keep -- from school? 6._SL days

00 ❑ None (8)

If one or more days in 4b, ask 7; otherwise go to 8.

7. On how many of these -- days lost from{=1 }

did -- stay in bed all or most of the day?_ Days

7.00 ❑ None

{

in bed80. (NOT COUNTING the day(s) ‘ lost from work

})

lost from school8a. lY

Were there any (other) days during the past 2 weeks that -- cut down en the thingshe usually does because of illness or iniury?

2 N (9)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ------------------- .

{

in bedb. (Again, not counting the day(s) lost from work

}) b. _ DaYS

lost from schoolDuring that period, how many (other) cloys did h* cut down for as much as a day?

00 ❑ t4cwe

If one or more days in 4-8, ask 9; otherwise go tonext Person.

‘“whatcondti”nca”sed--’o {E::,} ‘uringthep”s’2weeks’

Enter cunditlon h Item C9.. Ask 9b

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- --------------------

b. Did any other co”ditio. cause him to

{ i:=,} ‘Uringth”’p”ri”d’

Yh

N (NP)------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . ---- -------------------

c. Whaf condition? c. Enter c#fmbin item C

* U, S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFF3CE : 1978 260 937/14

53

Series 1.

series 2.

series 3.

Sera”es4.

VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS PUBLICATIONS SERIES

Formerly Public Health Servs”ce Publicatwn No. 1000

Programs and Collection I+ocedures. –Reports which descriie the general programs of the NationalCenter for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions, data collection methods used, definitions, andother material necessary for understanding the data.

Data Evacuation and Methods Research. –Studies of new statistical methodology including experimentaltests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical techniques,objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, contributions to statistical theory.

Andy tical Studies. –Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and healthstatistics, camying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series.

Documents and Committee Reports. –Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and

*.,.,

health statistics, and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revised birthand death certificates.

Series 10. Data j+om the Health Interview Survey. –Statistics on illness; accidental injuries; disability; use ofhospital, m@ical, dental, and other services; and other health-related topics, based on data collected ina continuing national household iriterview survey.

Series 11. Data from the Health Examination Survey. –Data fkom direct examination, testing, and measurementof national samples of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population provide the basis for two types ofreports: (1) estimates of the medically defined prevalence of specific diseases in the United States andthe distributions of the population with respect to physical, physiological, and psychological charac-teristics; and (2) analysis of relationships among the various measurements without reference to anexplicit Rnite universe of persons.

Series 12. Data j%om the Institutionalized Population Surveys. –Discontinued effective 1975. Future reports fromthese surveys will be in Series 13.

Sers”es13. Data on Health Resources Utilization.-Statistics on the utilization of health manpower and facilitiesproviding long-term care, ambulatory care, hospital care, and family pkmning services.

Sers”es14. Data on Heaith Resources: Manpower and Fiicilities. –Statistics on the numbers, geographic distrib-ution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other health occu-pations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities.

Series 20. Data on Mortality .-Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual or monthlyreports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables; geographic and timeseries analyses; and statistics on characteristics of deaths not available from the vital records, based onsample surveys of those records.

Series 21. Data on ~atdity, MaAage, and Divorce. –Various statisti~ on natality, marriage, and divorce otherdtan as included in regular annual or monthly reports. Special analyses by demographic variables;~gr~hic ad time series ZXIdYSeS; studies of fertility; and statistics on characteristics of births notavailable from the vital records, based on sample surveys of those records.

Suirs 22. Data from the National Mortality and Natality Surveys. –Discontinued effective 1975. Future reportsfrom these sample surveys based on vital records will be included in Series 20 and 21, respectively.

Srries 23. Datu j%om the National Survey of Family Growth. –Statistics on fertility, family formation and disso-lution, family planning, and related maternal and infant health topics derived from a biennial survey ofa nationwide probability sample of ever-married women 1544 years of age.

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, mite to: Scientific and Technical Information BranchNational Center for Health StatisticsPublic Health ServiceHyattsville, Md. 20782

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