Summary of Vitamin D and prevention of cancer

EL Sayed Sabry Mohamed

Ahmed

Outline

Introduction

Vitamin D

why are cancer researchers Studying a possible connection between vitamin D and cancer risk?

Conclusion

Vitamins properties

Essential for normal growth and health.

Present in normal food

Don not enter in tissue structure

Not used for production of energy

Cannot be synthesized by humans

They enter in many reactions in the body

Vitamins

Water soluble

Fat soluble

Vit. AVit. DVit. EVit. K

Vit. BVit. C

Vitamin D D

Endogenous

Vitamin precurso

rDiet

Vit D distribution

Vit. D2

Vit. D3

Vit. D3 only

Endogenous vitamin precursor: 7-dehydrocholesterol converted to Cholecalciferol in dermis and epidermis Of human exposed to sunlight.

DietErgocalciferolCholecalcifer

ol

plantsAnimal tissues

Vitamin D activation

Vitamin D3 Vitamin D2

25-OH D31,25-

dihydroxyvitamin D3(active form)

Deficiency causes :

Rickets (in children)

Osteomalacia (in adult)

Renal rickets

Hypoparathyroidism

Functions

Cancerpreventio

n

regulates plasma levels

of Ca & phosphate

increase intestinal absorption of Ca

& phosphate.Decrease renal excretion of

Ca & increase its reabsorption. When necessary, increase bone

resorption.

Why Vi. D

CancerAmong the diseases of modern times, the

term cancer has encircled the health sectors nowadays. Because of the limited treatment modalities available in medicine today, the

emphasis is shifting on finding a way or ways to prevent cancers. In that relation, recent research results and studies are pointing towards vitamin D as the possible aid in

preventing cancer.

Why are cancer researchers studying a possible connection between vitamin D and cancer risk ? - Early epidemiologic research showed that incidence and

death rates for certain cancers were lower among individuals living in southern latitudes, where levels of sunlight exposure are relatively high, than among those living at northern latitudes.

Because exposure to ultraviolet light from sunlight leads to the production of vitamin D. In studies of cancer cells and of tumors in mice, vitamin D

has been found to have several activities that might slow or prevent the development of cancer, including :promoting cellular

differentiation

decreasing cancer cell growth

stimulating cell death (apoptosis)

reducing tumor blood vessel formation (angiogenesis).

*The vitamin D has been found to induce death of cancer cells.although the anti-cancer activity of vitamin D is not fully understood, it is thought that

these effects are mediated through vitamin D receptors expressed in cancer cells , and may be related to its immunomodulatory abilities .it is observed

that vitamin D supplementation might be beneficial in the treatment or prevention of some types of cancer.Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble

secosteroids that have widespread action throughout the

bodyPancreatic

cancer

Prostate cancer

Bladder cancer

Lung cancer

Colon cancer

Breast cancer

Reduce the risk of

vitamin D regulate the expression of genes associated with cancers and autoimmune

disease by controlling the activation of the vit.D receptor (VDR), type 1

nuclear receptor and DNA transcription factor

o indicated that vit.D deficiency is linked to colon cancer and more recently to breast cancer.

o The specialists recommend that taking 1000 (IU) of vit.D3 per day reduce an individual's colon ,breast and prostate cancer

A randomized intervention study involving 1,200 women, published in June 2007, reports that vitamin D

supplementation (1,100 international units (IU)/day) resulted in a 60% reduction in cancer incidence

Studies

A 2008 study using data on over 4 million cancer patients from 13 different countries showed a marked difference in

cancer risk between countries classified as sunny and countries classified as less–sunny for a number of different cancers. Research has also suggested that cancer patients

who have surgery or treatment in the summer therefore make more endogenous vitamin D and have a better chance of

surviving their cancer than those who undergo treatment in the winter when they are exposed to less sunlight

conclusion

 The promising results from both observational and

laboratory studies should usher in a new era of

intervention studies of vitamin D and cancer risk.

Because many public health scientists are already

clamoring for higher levels of vitamin D

supplementation for bone and other health,

randomized trials of vitamin D and cancer risk should be undertaken speedily

References

1.

1.Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD. Vitamin D. In: Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006.

2.Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2011.

3.Thorne J, Campbell MJ. The vitamin D receptor in cancer. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2008;67(2):115-127. [PubMed Abstract]

4.Moreno J, Krishnan AV, Feldman D. Molecular mechanisms mediating the antiproliferative effects of vitamin D in prostate cancer. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2005; 97(1–2):31–36. [PubMed Abstract]

5.http://www.bioventix.com/vitamindantibody.htm

6.http://www.chromatographyonline.com/vitamin-d2-and-d3-separation-new-highly-hydrophobic-uhplchplc-phase

7.http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/articles/2011/01/understanding-vitamin-d.aspx

8.http://ajprenal.physiology.org/content/297/6/F1502

9.http://www.mysmartd.com/press.php

10.http://www.nature.com/nrneph/journal/v5/n12/fig_tab/nrneph.2009.185_F1.html

11.http://www.rrnursingschool.biz/unity-companies/parathyroid-hormone.html

12.https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/vitamin-d-fact-sheet

13.http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-D

14.http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1681-150X2011000200007

Thanks