Visualizing Research in Virtual Reality and Non-Linear Holographic Rhizomes
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Transcript of Visualizing Research in Virtual Reality and Non-Linear Holographic Rhizomes
Visualizing Research in Virtual Reality and
Non-Linear Holographic Rhizomes
Dwight Toavs and Paulette RobinsonInformation Resources Management College
National Defense University
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Introduction
Both wanted to…• Wanted to do something different.• Use Multimedia approaches• Media and research challenges:
– Policy World: a dynamic multifaceted environment where context and time are key elements.
– Within the Matrix: capture experience more wholistically
Policy World
Dissertation
Pixelating Policy:Visualizing Issue Transformation
in Real and Virtual Worlds
Part II - Demonstrations
4ETD http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12222004-094635/
Retrospective Sensemaking
• Why?– Can one create a VR-based policy visualization?– Use information technology to teach policy
• What can a policy visualization reveal?– Context, complexity, and dynamics– Role of time in policymaking– Importance of policy history & learning– Inadequacy of a popular policy framework
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““Pixelating Policy” is a metaphorical reference to a Pixelating Policy” is a metaphorical reference to a digital imaging technique, in which a portion of a digital imaging technique, in which a portion of a digital image is progressively magnified until the digital image is progressively magnified until the individual pixels (or picture elements), the basic individual pixels (or picture elements), the basic elements of a digital image, can be seen. elements of a digital image, can be seen.
Policy World uses the basic elements of graphics – Policy World uses the basic elements of graphics – graphic primitives – to represent the basic graphic primitives – to represent the basic elements of public policy.elements of public policy.
This research examined the basic elements This research examined the basic elements of public policy to understand how issues are of public policy to understand how issues are
transformed over time.transformed over time.
This research examined the basic elements This research examined the basic elements of public policy to understand how issues are of public policy to understand how issues are
transformed over time.transformed over time.
Pixelating Policy – A Metaphor
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Project Scope
• Research Question: How were the paperwork concerns of 1975 transformed into the e-government concerns of 2002?
• Theory Questions: – Do issues transform? If so, . . .– Can issue transformation be identified? If so, . . .– Is there a relationship between issue
transformation and policy change? If so, . . .– What is that relationship?
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Research Approach
• Case study: Federal IRM policies from 1975 – 2002• Primary Sources: Congressional hearings on IRM issues
• Issues: Were relevant before 1975; are still relevant – Paperwork Reduction– Privacy– IT Acquisition– Management Reform– Records and Information– Computer Security
• Content Analysis: Witness testimony coded to identify: values, issue definition(s), and affiliation
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RELATIVELY STABLESYSTEM PARAMETERS
1) Basic attributes of the problem area (good)
2) Basic distribution of natural resources
3) Fundamental socio-cultural values and social structure
4) Basic constitutional structure (rules)
EXTERNAL (SYSTEM) EVENTS
1) Changes in socio-economic conditions
2) Changes in public opinion
3) Changes in systemic governing coalition
4) Policy decisions and impacts from other subsystems
Constraints
and
Resources
of
Subsystem
Actors
POLICY SUBSYSTEM
Coalition A Policy Brokers Coalition B
a) Policy Beliefs a) Policy Beliefs
b) Resources b) Resources
Strategy A 1 Strategy B 1
re guidance re guidance
instruments instruments
Decisions by
Governmental Authorities
Institutional Rules, Resource Allocations, and Appointments
Policy Outputs
Policy Impacts
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ACF ComponentsACF Components and interactions and interactions
1 – The Policy 1 – The Policy SubsystemSubsystem
2 – Stable System2 – Stable SystemParametersParameters
3 – External 3 – External Dynamic EventsDynamic Events
4 – Policy World 4 – Policy World VisualizationVisualization
Advocacy Coalition Framework
Within the Matrix: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological
Investigation of Student Experiences
in Web-based Computer Conferencing
Part II - Demonstrations
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Creating a Web Space What possibilities could a web space
uniquely offer to the representation of
scholarly writing and qualitative
research?
What would you have to take into
consideration in creating such a
space?
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Creating a Webbed Space
Assumptions Hermeneutics of Web Writing Criteria for Evaluation File Organization Navigation Orientation and Indexing The Collective
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Navigation
Menu Levels Icons Image Maps
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Navigation
Menu Levels Icons Image Maps
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Orientation & Indexing
Orientation Image Maps Information Box Index
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Evaluation Criteria
Hermeneutic Phenomenology Content Interactive Structure Interface Design Hyper-linking Multimedia
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Hermeneutic Phenomenology
Turning to the phenomenon. Investigating experience as we live it. Reflecting on the essential themes. Describing the phenomenon through
writing and rewriting. Orientated pedagogical relation. Balancing parts and whole. (van Manen,
1995)
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Content
The content is accurately represented in the combination of text, multimedia, and hypertext.
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Interactive Structure
Reader is free to “chart alternative courses through the word mass [I] fabricate”
(Taylor & Saarinen, 1994, p. 13). The path choice is clear for the user. The interactive structure is used to pace
the reader.
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Interface Design
Visually coherent. Textual & visual elements blend. “The work is riddled with gaps, spaces and
openings that invite the reader to write” (Taylor & Saarinen).
Navigational conventions are easy to understand.
Reader has a sense of location. Navigational system supports overall work. Each screen follows basic graphic design
principles.
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Hyper-linking
• Links within the “text” are well placed and connected.
• Text is presented in the first four levels in manageable chunks and linked to other chunks.
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Multimedia
• Text is expressed as media through the use of font, placement, and size.
• Media is used to express ideas better than in words.
• Supports and adds to the understanding of the theme.
• Thoughtfully used to enhance a particular theme.
• Used to add novelty to representation of the content.
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The Collaborative Process
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HyperNews Collaborative Space
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Comparisons and Contributions
Part IIIRole of Time
ContextPerspective
Creative ProcessContributions
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Time
Dwight• Time is the primary
constant in policy activities• Time helps structure
dynamic and complex activities
• Time, rather than policy frameworks, is linear
• All policy activity is time-dependent
Paulette• Capture immediacy in
experience• Deconstruct time to spatial
rather than sequential (navigation)
• Context of screen time• Pausing and pacing time
through animation
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Context
Dwight• Policy World visualizes the
policy context• In representing complexity,
policy theory, policy issues, and policy change are simultaneously and visually deconstructed
• Context is represented by using graphic primitives, color, and movement
Paulette• Spatial/holographic• Shapes as representative
(lines, circles, squares)• Images as containers for
meaning• Navigation
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Perspective
Dwight• Perspective is provided
by point of view (POV) • POV can be altered by
the viewer while constructing meaning
• POV can be from an internal or an external perspective
Paulette• Reader chooses
preferences of perspective
• Reader created the experience every time
• If it had been possible, the reader becomes the writer
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Creative Process
Dwight• No previous models• What is represented?
– Theory– Evidence– Possibilities
• How do you bring content into a virtual world?– Visuals– Auxiliary html pages
• Representation
Paulette• Ah-hah moment• Drudging through the
system• Making the image real• Iterative
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Contributions
Dwight• First policy oriented VR
world• Visualized context and
dynamics of policy and institutional process
• Discovery-based learning approach to public policy, IRM, and eGovernment
Paulette• Creating a multifaceted
experience through representing it in graphics—web hermeneutic
• Spatial design/navigation
• First of its kind
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Questions and Discussion
• Paulette Robinson – [email protected]– http://www.otal.umd.edu/~paulette/Dissertation
• Dwight Toavs – [email protected]– ETD http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12222004-094635/