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November 2021

Visualizing Google Scholar Profile of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan using Visualizing Google Scholar Profile of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan using

PoP and VOSviewer: a tribute to Father of Library Science in India PoP and VOSviewer: a tribute to Father of Library Science in India

Subham Giri Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, giri.s@pu.ac.in

Nidhi Gupta Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, nidhigupta@pu.ac.in

Diksha Diksha Librarian in Division Library (South), Chandigarh, diksha.info@pu.ac.in

Rupak Chakravarty Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, rupak@pu.ac.in

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac

Giri, Subham; Gupta, Nidhi; Diksha, Diksha; and Chakravarty, Rupak, "Visualizing Google Scholar Profile of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan using PoP and VOSviewer: a tribute to Father of Library Science in India" (2021). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 6366. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6366

Visualizing Google Scholar Profile of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan using PoP

and VOSviewer: a tribute to Father of Library Science in India

Subham Giri Department of Library and Information Science, Panjab University Chandigarh, India. Email:

giri.s@pu.ac.in, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-8605

Nidhi Gupta

Department of Library and Information Science, Panjab University Chandigarh, India. Email:

nidhigupta@pu.ac.in, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-4470

Diksha

Librarian in Division Library (South), Chandigarh. Email: diksha.info@pu.ac.in, (https://orcid.org/0000-

0002-7368-9203)

Prof. Rupak Chakravarty

Department of Library &Information Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Email:

rupak@pu.ac.in, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5046-1663

Abstract

Dr. Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan was the well-known librarian and mathematician from India. He was also called the

father of Indian librarianship. He made India library conscious in particular and he influenced the thinking of library

world in general. It is mainly because of his efforts that library & information science became a subject of study and

research. Dr S.R. Ranganathan has recorded 307 publications since 1931 including his contributed books, book chapters,

reports, and journal articles, texts of invited speeches or special lecture. He received a total of 5455 citations with h-index

27. Highest citations (306) were received in the year 2017. Also, it was observed, “The Five Laws of Library Science”

published in the year 1931 received highest citation 1213. Most of his collaborative works or articles in total, are with

Neelameghan, A and Gopinath, M A.

Keywords: VoSViewer, Publish or Perish, Google Scholar, S.R. Ranganathan, Bibliometrics, Co-authorship, Text map.

Introduction

Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan (Dr. S.R Ranganathan), (born August 9, 1892, Shiyali, Madras, India—died

September 27, 1972, Bangalore, Mysore), Indian librarian and educator who was considered the father of library science

and documentation and information science in India. He was a prolific scholar as-well-as thinker in the domain of library

and information science (LIS) and had written several scholarly monographs and articles. One of Ranganathan's

distinguishing characteristics was that he seeks philosophical foundations and scientific principles that can be used as the

basis for the development of standard practices, tools, and techniques. His experience at the University of Madras library

seems to have helped him identify areas and activities that require a scientific basis. In 1931, his exploration of

philosophical foundations finally formed the Five Laws of Library Science, which was published as a book (Ranganathan

1931).

In the year 2015, Google Scholar Digest released an article, “Honoring the pioneers of Bibliometrics & Scientometrics /

Library & Information Science by creating their Google Scholar Citations Profiles” to present a portal providing access to

the bibliographic profiles- created on Google Scholar Citations- of 39 scholars, now deceased, who played an outstanding

role in the creation and consolidation of the fields of Library and Information Science (29 profiles) and Bibliometrics (10

profiles).(“Google Scholar Digest: Honouring the Pioneers of Bibliometrics & Scientometrics / Library & Information

Science by Creating their Google Scholar Citations Profiles”). Dr. S.R. Ranganathan was one of the 39 scholars. Google

scholar profile of Dr S.R. Ranganathan has recorded 307 publications since 1931 including his contributed books, book

chapters, reports, and journal articles, texts of invited speeches or special lecture. He received a total of 5455 citations

with h-index 27. It is also interesting to note that his scholarly works are continually cited in contemporary time with an h-

index 15 since 2016. (Das and Mishra)

Review of Related Literature:

Earlier various studies also revealed to analyze individuals' publication pattern whereas the initiative to collect

Ranganathan’s bibliographic data from Google Scholar via PoP and run it through VoSviewer is golden in this segment.

However, some of the Scientometrics portraits of writers created by various authors using various methods are revealed

here.

Fitria et al., (2022) conducted a study entitled “Bibliometric Using Vosviewer with Publish or Perish (using Google

Scholar data): From Step-by-step Processing for Users to the Practical Examples in the Analysis of Digital Learning

Articles in Pre and Post Covid-19 Pandemic” where the analysis was carried out using the number of publications

obtained, summing 88 documents in 2017-2021, relating to the predetermined topics. Authors evaluated the analysis of

digital learning articles in pre and post covid as practical examples. They found that VOSviewer can be used to give

suggestions in the data analysis results.

Koley and Sen (2016) attempted to analyze the publications of V.L. Kalyane, one of India's pioneers of bibliometric

studies. The study presents a scientometric analysis of 120 papers by Kalyane published between 1973 and 2009, with 338

co-authors. Dr. Atul H. Chokshi, a professor in the Department of Materials Science, Indian Institute of Science (IISc),

Bangalore, India, led the study with Parvathamma, Nazneen Banu, and Shireen Kauser (2013). The professor has

published 76 research papers in prestigious international and national journals, as well as 34 articles in conference

proceedings, with a total citation count of 2820, and he is one of the top 100 most cited authors in Materials Science. The

average annual scientific productivity is 04 research papers with 113 citations per year. Kavya et al., (2020) conducted a

study based on the data from Web of Science on the profile of Badiadka Narayana, a Mangalore University professor of

Chemistry, is a prolific writer in Chemistry and a well-known expert in Crystallography. His prolific writings are vividly

documented by 691 articles in international journals, 49 in national journals, and 165 papers in conference proceedings.

Between 2007 and 2011, a significant number of articles (392) were published. Narayana's papers have appeared in 325

(59.2%) of the international journals 'Acta crystallographica section e-structure'. The majority of his collaborative works,

a total of 242 articles, are with H. S. Yathirajan and Sarojini Balladka K. Keshava Sedam and Mariraj (2012) attempted a

scientometric analysis of André Geim's 184 publications published between 1981 and 2010. According to the study's

findings, Andre Geim published two single-authored papers and 182 multi-authored papers between 1981 and 2010.

Angadi et al. (2006) attempted to analyse the publication productivity of Anthony J.Leggett, the 2003 Physics Nobel Prize

winner. His most productive years were 1987, 1994, and 1998, when he published ten papers each. During his publishing

career, which lasted from 1964 to 2004, he had a total of 194 publications.

Rests of the part of literature review have an outline of Ranganathan’s livelihood and contribution towards Indian library

science. Anup Kumar Dasa and SanjayaMishrab (2016) highlighted an announcement by the Google Scholar Digest blog

dated on June 8, 2015, about the availability of Google Scholar profiles of classic scholars in library and information

science. Only one scholar, Dr. ShiyaliRamamritaRanganathan, was selected from a group of 29. In his paper (Spanish),

George Aguayo (1968) compared Ranganathan's contribution to library science to Einstein's contribution to physics. Dr.

Eugene Garfield (1984) also stated, "Ranganathan is to library science what Einstein is to physics."Anup Kumar Dasa and

SanjayaMishrab (2016) conducted a study “S R Ranganathan in Google Scholar and other citation databases”. The paper

analysed the scholarly contribution of S R Ranganathan as reflected in Google Scholar Citations, Web of Science, and

Scopus. The study employed three citation databases Web of Science (Core Collection), Scopus and Google Scholar

Citations to identify citing and cited scholarly works of S R Ranganathan.Encyclopedia of Library and Information

Science, Ed. by Allen Kent and others, Vol. 25, 1978, published by Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. “S.R. Ranganathan –

A Short Biography”

Study Rationale and Significance:

There is no dearth of studies which have visualised the bibliographic data obtained from abstracting/indexing (A/I) and

citation databases like Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). The authors could not find any study which has attempted to

conduct a bibliometric or scientometric study based on data derived from open database Google Scholar (GS) with the

help of popular scientometric or science mapping software like VOSviewer. Moreover, being a free database, more results

were available in GS making it an appropriate to undertake this study based on the contributions of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan.

Using an intermediary software to extract data from GS for performing bibliometric analysis also reflects a unique

methodology.

Study Objectives:

The aim of the study is to investigate descriptive quantitative analysis of the scholar profile of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan since

its inception until today.

This study aims to perform Bibliometric analysis on the most prominent personality in the LIS field Dr. S.R.

Ranganathan. Bibliometric analysis is the statistical evaluation of published scientific articles, books or book chapters,

and is an effective method to measure the impact of publications on the scientific community. The academic impact of a

piece of research can be gauged by the number of times it has been cited by other authors (Iftikhar et al.).

Data Source:

The origin of bibliographic data pertaining to all of the published work of Dr. Ranganathan was Google Scholar (GS). It is

a bibliometrics database that aims to categorize documents in the same way as researchers, weighing the full text of each

document, the publication location, author, and the frequency and recent time cited in other academic literature. It

provides an easy way to search a wide variety of academic literature. From one place, you can search many disciplines

and sources: articles, papers, books, abstracts, and court opinions from academic publishers, professional associations,

online knowledge bases, universities, and other websites. Google Scholar aims to classify documents as researchers,

weighing the full text of each document, the location of the publication, the author, and the frequency and timing of

citations in other academic literature.

Google Scholar: Google Scholar (GS) is a free web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly

literature from a wide range of publishing formats and disciplines. Google Scholar indexes the vast majority of peer-

reviewed online journals, scholarly books, and other non-peer-reviewed journals. Users can use Google Scholar to look

for digital or physical copies of articles, whether they are online or in libraries. Google Scholar's "cited by" feature

provides access to abstracts of articles that have cited the article being viewed. This feature provides citation indexing,

which was previously only available in Scopus and Web of Knowledge. GS has emerged as a competitor to the well-

known citation databases, Web of Science and Scopus. Despite its many limitations, researchers are interested in the GS's

free availability and extensive coverage for evaluative studies (Patra 2014).

Prof. S. R. Ranganathan founded the Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC) in 1962. It is an

internationally recognized Centre for advanced training and research in Library and Information Science. The DRTC is a

branch of the Indian Statistical Institute's Bangalore Centre. This Organization also made an effort to amalgamate

Ranganathan’s 307 writings under a GS profile. An attempt was made, based on that GS profile, to analyse the amount of

literature contributed by Sir. Ranganathan. Based on GS, this study attempted to trace the citation and authorship patterns

of Sir Ranganathan's papers. In this study, an attempt was made to analyse and interpret data collected from

Ranganathan's research publications as reflected in GS. The analysis includes the distribution of publications by year, the

authorship pattern, collaboration for publication, and journal preferences for publication.

Google Scholar profiles provide authors with an easy way to display their academic publications. You can see who is

citing your article, draw citation charts over time, and calculate various citation metrics. You can also make your profile

public so that it will appear in Google Scholar results when people search for your name. (“Google Scholar Profiles”)

It is observed that the data from Google Scholar cannot be used in the VoS viewer. This study is an experiment using

Publish or Perish proxy software to run GS data in the VoS viewer.

Data Extraction Tool:

The relevant bibliographic data from Google Scholar Publish was extracted with the help of Publish or Perish (PoP). PoP,

developed by Harzing, A.W. (2007), a free software program for querying and retrieving search results from a variety of

academic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, GS, etc PoP retrieves original citations, then analyses them to

provide the following research metrics:

• Total number of papers and total number of citations

• Average citations per paper, citations per author, papers per author, and citations per year

• Hirsch's h-index and related parameters

• Egghe's g-index

• The contemporary h-index

• Three variations of individual h-indices

• The average annual increase in the individual h-index

• The age-weighted citation rate

• An analysis of the number of authors per paper.

Data Analysis:

For building and visualizing bibliometric networks, VoSviewer software was used. These networks may include

individual journals, researchers, or publications, and may be built on the basis of citations, bibliographic coupling, co-

citation, or co-authorship relationships. VOS viewer also provides text mining functions, which can be used to build and

visualize co-occurrence networks of important terms extracted from the scientific literature. (VOSviewer - Visualizing

scientific landscapes, n.d.). The overall process of data extraction, preparation, processing and visual analytics can be

represented diagrammatically as under:

Figure 1: Process of data extraction, preparation, processing and visual analytics

STEP 1: Google Scholar ID

VoS Viewer

4. Run the CSV File in VoS Viewer.

Publish or Perish

2. Run the G.S. ID on Publish or Perish Software using Google Scholar Profile Feature.

3. Save the results as CSV Format

Google Scholar

1. Google Scholar Profile ID of the specified researcher should be noted.

Google Scholar ID

Figure 2: Google Scholar ID

The Google Scholar ID is the unique ID of every Google scholar profile. The unique ID is available in the URL of the

researcher. Figure 2 represents the GS profile of the father of Indian library science (S.R. Ranganathan). Here is the screen

grabbing of the GS ID (T1TgnaIAAAAJ) of Ranganathan. However, DRTC played the background role. Furthermore,

Figure 2 also has the representation of citations and index counts. This investigation was initiated primarily at the stage of

obtaining Ranganathan's GS ID.

STEP 2: Using Publish or Perish (PoP)

a. Open the POP Software and click on Google Scholar Profile.

Figure 3: Google Scholar Profile

Publish or Perish provides various options to collect different types of scientometrics numerology on authors. The

author’s visibility under GS, Web of Science, CrossRef, PubMed, Microsoft Academic, and Scopus databases can be

checked by using this software. This research had the motive of evaluating the GS data of Ranganathan. Ergo, the ‘Google

Scholar Profile’ tab was used to place the GS ID. Figure 3 exhibits the overall scenario of this stage of research.

b. Enter the profile ID and Run Search

Figure 4: Profile ID

Figure 4. displays the actual depiction of fundamental steps prior to gathering the author's GS data using PoP. All manual

work for gathering numerical data from PoP will be managed to be completed once this stage is finished.

c. Click on Search and the process of searching for all the articles on GS Profile will start on POP.

Figure 5: Process of searching articles

This stage visualises GS data over PoP. Figure 5 upholds the search button under the blue rectangular box further. By

clicking this button, PoP starts cloning data from the GS database based on the GS ID mentioned over here. WhereasPoP

can’t retrieve more than a thousand documents from a GS profile. While "Publish or Perish" does not limit the number of

results individuals will receive. The original data source imposes the restrictions. Crossref, for example, limits the number

of articles that can be drawn by PoP to 200, whereas Google Scholar limits the number of documents to 1000.

Furthermore, Microsoft Academic allows for 5000 articles, PubMed allows for 1000 articles, Scopus allows for 200

articles, and Web of Science allows for 200 documents. Remember, Publish or Perish is just a front-end to these data

sources.

d. Save the Results in RIS Format

Figure 6: Save result as RIS File

PoP settled his own assignment at this stage. Figure 6 evince the exportation process of the RIS/ Ref Manager file from

PoP. While VoSViewer can process different file formats, based on PoP’s limitation in file format for result, .ris is the

only readable file in VoSViewer. After providing the.ris file to VoSViewer, PoP accomplished its own mission in this

research.

STEP 3: Run the saved results on VoSViewer for data visualization and analysis.

This step included a forerunner walkthrough for visualising Ranganathan's publication matrices using VoSViewer.

Following the completion of step 3, all numerical data was collected and analysed. This step is referred to as the rearmost

in the sequence.

Results and Discussion:

To perform the study Google Scholar profile of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan was extracted using Publish or Perish (PoP)

software. The results are available on screen and can also be copied to the Windows clipboard (to be pasted into other

applications) or saved in various output formats (for reference or future analysis). Publish or Perish includes a detailed

help file with search tips and additional information on citation metrics.

After retrieving the data from Publish or Perish, data was then analyzed using Bibliometrics software VoS Viewer.

➢ Authors Collaboration pattern:

Sr. No Publications I II III IV VII XIII XIV Total

1. Single Authored 241 241

2. Two Authored 41 10 51

3. Three Authored 8 1 9

4. Five Authored 1 1 2

5. Nine Authored 1 1

6. Fifteen Authored 1 1

7. Twenty Authored 1 1

8. Twenty One

Authored

1 1

Table I: 1st author; II: 2nd author; III: 3rd author; IV: 4th author; VII: 7th author; XIII: 13th author; XIV: 14th

author.

The academic community holds the view that authorship status is determined by the quantity of contribution made by the

author. Table 1 shows the authorship status of Dr. S.R. Ranganathans’ work among the core collaborators. As observed

from the table, a total of 241 documents are single authored. 51 documents have two authors out of which 41 documents

have Dr. S.R. Ranganathan as the first author. 9 documents have 3 authors with 8 as first author while 1 as the third

author. 2 documents have 5 authors with 1 document as 1st author and 1 document as 3rd author. Further documents with

9, 15, 20 &21 authors were also observed with Dr. S.R. Ranganathan as 2nd,7th , 13th& 14th author respectively. Study of

the above table revealed the authorship pattern of the documents published by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan. The table thereby

signifies Dr. S.R. Ranganathans’ contribution in collaborative works.

Figure 7: Author Collaboration Network

The link, collaboration or network between the authors is shown with the help of visualization map from VOSviewer.

From a total of 52 authors, 52 met the threshold by considering the author having at least 1numbers of documents. Out of

52, only 44 authors showed connections to each other. As highlighted in figure.7 the network contains 44 nodes, 74 co-

authorship links and 23 clusters. Each node in the figure represents an author’s productivity and the links between the

authors denote the collaboration established through the co-authorship in the articles. The total link strength is 120. It has

been observed from the network map that Dr. S.R Ranganathan had very strong collaboration with Neelameghan, A and

Gopinath, M A. The other top contributing authors included were Bhattacharya, G, Kaula, P.N, Billings, J.S, Brown J.D,

Kesavan, B.S, Cutter, C.A and so on. Some of the works of Dr. Ranganathan with these collaborators are: Classified

Catalogue Code: With Additional Rules for Dictionary Catalogue Code (1958) by Book by S. R. Ranganathan and A.

Neelameghan. Colon classification by SR Ranganathan and MA Gopinath (1989). Library Book Selection: (edition 2)

(Ranganathan Series in Library Science) by S. R. Ranganathan and M. A. Gopinath (Contributor).

Co-occurrence map based on Text Data

The maps presented in Figure 8, shows the most frequently used terms in the titles of the publications related to Dr. S. R

Ranganathan. The figure showed two major clusters, one in green color, and one in red color. Green cluster contained

terms related to library classification and Cataloguing codes.

Figure 8: Co-occurrence map based on Text Data

These terms are the key concepts in the area of Library & Information science and red cluster contained terms related to

Library development plans in India and library legislation in India (as credit goes to Dr. S. R. for his contribution in

Indian Library legislation movement). From his works or publications in the research area of LIS it can be observed that

he was the expert or founder of these concepts in India. His works included : The Five Laws of Library Science (1931),

Colon Classification (1933), Classified Cataloguing Code (1934), Prolegomena to Library Classification (1937) and

Classification and Communication (1951) and so on.

Metrics retrieved from POP:

Reference date: 2021-09-18 10:02:27 +0530

Publication years: 1892-2021

Citation years: 129 (1892-2021)

Papers: 307

Citations: 5502

Citations/year: 42.65 (acc1=17, acc2=8, acc5=4, acc10=3, acc20=0)

Citations/paper: 17.92

Authors/paper: 1.33/1.0/1 (mean/median/mode)

Age-weighted citation rate: 100.26 (sqrt=10.01), 95.84/author

Hirsch h-index: 27 (a=7.55, m=0.21, 4707 cites=85.6% coverage)

Egghe g-index: 72 (g/h=2.67, 5264 cites=95.7% coverage)

PoPhI,norm: 27

PoPhI,annual: 0.21

FassinhA-index: 5

Year New Total citations

1982 34 709

1983 44 753

1984 38 791

1985 41 832

1986 27 859

1987 28 887

1988 40 927

1989 23 950

1990 39 989

1991 34 1023

1992 77 1100

1993 39 1139

1994 33 1172

1995 65 1237

1996 56 1293

1997 47 1340

1998 45 1385

1999 45 1430

2000 59 1489

2001 68 1557

2002 77 1634

2003 104 1738

2004 133 1871

2005 100 1971

2006 146 2117

2007 131 2248

2008 170 2418

2009 207 2625

2010 227 2852

2011 207 3059

2012 259 3318

2013 295 3613

2014 277 3890

2015 261 4151

2016 249 4400

2017 306 4706

2018 206 4912

2019 248 5160

2020 219 5379

2021 123 5502

Table 2. Total number of publications with citations

Top 10 Cited publications by S R Ranganathan Title Year Cites Cites/Year ECC Age

The five laws of library science 1931 1213 13.48 1213 90

Prolegomena to library classification 1937 1163 13.85 1163 84

Colon classification 1939 502 6.12 502 82

Elements of library classification 1892 255 1.98 255 129

As cinco leis dabiblioteconomia 2009 185 15.42 185 12

Reference service 1961 163 2.72 163 60

Philosophy of library classification 1989 131 4.09 131 32

Colon classification 1989 109 3.41 109 32

Documentation and Its Facets: Being a Symposium of

70 Papers by 32 Authors. Edited by SR Ranganathan 1963 87 1.5 87 58

Colon classification 1963 85 1.47 85 58

Table 3.Cited publications by S R Ranganathan

Top 20 publications Metrics based on GS Rank Algorithm

GSRank Year Cites CitesPerYear ECC CitesPerAuthor AuthorCount Age

1 1931 1213 13.48 1213 1213 1 90

2 1937 1163 13.85 1163 1163 1 84

3 1939 502 6.12 502 502 1 82

4 1892 255 1.98 255 255 1 129

5 2009 185 15.42 185 185 1 12

6 1961 163 2.72 163 163 1 60

7 1989 131 4.09 131 131 1 32

8 1989 109 3.41 109 55 2 32

9 1963 87 1.5 87 87 1 58

10 1963 85 1.47 85 85 1 58

11 2004 81 4.76 81 81 1 17

12 1934 77 0.89 77 77 1 87

13 1951 76 1.09 76 76 1 70

14 1969 68 1.31 68 68 1 52

15 1935 61 0.71 61 61 1 86

16 1990 59 1.9 59 59 1 31

17 1966 51 0.93 51 51 1 55

18 1967 48 0.89 48 48 1 54

19 1971 36 0.72 36 36 1 50

20 1964 36 0.63 36 36 1 57

Table 4.Publications Metrics based on GS Rank Algorithm

Citations Received Per Year

119

217

248

205

306

250

261

276

294

260

207

226

207

170

131

147

100

133

104

77

68

59

45

45

47

56

65

33

39

77

34

39

23

40

28

27

41

38

44

34

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1987

1986

1985

1984

1983

1982

No of citation

Figure 9: Citations Received Per Year

Figure 9 above represents the pattern of total citations received per year since 1982-till present. It can be observed from

the figure that even after many years of publications his articles continue to receive citations. Highest citations (306) were

received in the year 2017, followed by the year 2013 (294) and 2014 (276).

Conclusion:

Ranganathan left his constantly visible footprint in the world of library science. The world's only pioneering scholar from

a developing country who has contributed to the theories and practises of library and information studies named

Ranganathan. He was the only LIS theorist from the Global South whose work has consistently piqued the interest of

next-generation scholars all over the world. The current study discovered that some professors and library professionals

are now introducing Ranganathan as an author in their publications to analyse and evaluate Ranganathan's concepts. This

research had no intension to judge the productivity level of Ranganathan’s publications however it is possible to judge

such a renowned legend based on the numerical values of bio-bibliometrics. It was an attempt to portray Ranganathan’s

bio-bibliometrics numerals and authorship patterns, using pictorial figures and tabulations.

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