Visualizing Biological Pathways By: Mark Samad and Ben Bispham.
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Transcript of Visualizing Biological Pathways By: Mark Samad and Ben Bispham.
![Page 1: Visualizing Biological Pathways By: Mark Samad and Ben Bispham.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2a77/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Visualizing Biological Pathways
By: Mark Samad and Ben Bispham
![Page 2: Visualizing Biological Pathways By: Mark Samad and Ben Bispham.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2a77/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway
• Most common type of glycolysis.
![Page 3: Visualizing Biological Pathways By: Mark Samad and Ben Bispham.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2a77/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Gustav Georg Embden
• German physiological chemist.• Conduced studies on the chemistry of carbohydrate
metabolism and muscle contraction.• Discovered and linked the steps of the conversion of glycogen
into lactic acid.
![Page 4: Visualizing Biological Pathways By: Mark Samad and Ben Bispham.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2a77/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Otto Fritz Meyerhof
• Studied medicine at an early age.• Graduated in 1909 and created a work entitled "Contributions
to the Psychological Theory of Mental Illness”.• Awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for his work on muscle
metabolism and glycolysis.
![Page 5: Visualizing Biological Pathways By: Mark Samad and Ben Bispham.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2a77/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Jakub Karol Parnas
• Major work was the study of the mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism in muscle tissue.
• Discovered the process of phosphorolysis.• Made a major contribution to the theoretical analysis of
glycolysis.
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Prior Knowledge
• Louis Pasteur discovered that microorganisms are responsible for fermentation in 1860.
• Eduard Buchner discovered that extracts of certain cells can cause fermentation in 1897.
• Arthur Harden and William Young determined that a heat-sensitive high-molecular-weight subcellular fraction (the enzymes) and a heat-insensitive low-molecular-weight cytoplasm fraction (ADP, ATP and NAD+ and other cofactors). are required together for fermentation to proceed in 1905.
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Experiment and Results
• Experiment 1: Used dissected livers of warm blooded animals and learned of the synthesis of sugar from lactic acid (from reduction of acid), and oxidative deanimation as a way to break down amino acids. Conclusion: Liver is the most important metabolic organ of the body.
• Experiment 2: Pressing of muscle tissue to extract fluids. After examining many samples, first major step in glycolysis learned (glucose must be esterfied with phosphate to be broken down further).
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What Do The Results Mean
• Found hexose diphosphate, later named lactacidogen.• Steps of glycolysis were identified by analyzing the products
of the reaction.• Lactic acid cycle was found to be undergone in anaerobic
environments.
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References
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Embden• http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/
1922/meyerhof-bio.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakub_Karol_Parnas• http://www.biologyreference.com/Ma-Mo/Metabolism-
Cellular.html