VISUALIZATIONWHY WE NEED SYNCHROPHASOR

TECHNOLOGY IN OPERATIONS

John Ballance – EPGPresented to ERCOT Phasor Technology

Workshop – November 16, 2012

Lessons Learned from Major Blackouts

Lack of Wide Area View

Lack of Situational Awareness

− Health of the Grid

Lack of Time-synchronized and High Resolution Data

System Models Inaccurate and Inadequate

WECC August 10, 1996 Event

TOTAL WECC IMPACTS

Load Lost 30,489 MW

Generation Lost 27,269 MW

Customers Affected 7.49 Million

Outage Time Up to 9 Hours

Inaccurate Dynamic ModelsWECC 1996 Breakup

2003 Italy Blackout

Transmission line between Italy and Switzerland trips, storm related

Event starts a cascading event and the loss of all transmission lines into Italy

56 million people impacted for up to 12 hours

2003 Italy Blackout

Transmission line between Italy and Switzerland trips, storm related

Event starts a cascading event and the loss of all transmission lines into Italy

56 million people impacted for up to 12 hours

EI August 14, 2003 Blackout

Outage Impact

Load Lost 61,800 MW

Generation Lost 55,000 MW (508 Units)

Customers Affected 50 Million

Outage Time Few hours up to 2 weeks

Cost $7-14 Billion

EI August 14, 2003 Blackout

Note: Angles are based on data from blackout investigation. Angle reference is Browns Ferry.

115 degrees

Cleveland Separation

Phase Angles Diverged Prior

To Blackout

12 degrees

3:05 pm

25 degrees3:30 pm

45 degrees

4:10 pm

EU November 4, 2006 Outage

Poorly planned 400 kV transmission outage led to a cascading event System could not withstand an N-1 event Outage impacted 15 million European households Full restoration in 2 hours

Sept. 8, 2011 Pacific Southwest OutageImpacted Area

Customers Impacted – 2.7 Million

Load Interrupted – 7,835 MW

Generation Lost – 6,982 MW

Customer Outage Time – 6 to 12 hrs.

Path 44 MW Flow

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

15:25:00 15:30:00 15:35:00 15:40:00

Time

Pat

h 4

4 M

W

Path 44 Rating

System Separation Limit

Event Starts – 15:27:39

Blackout – 15:38:38

CFE Gen Trip

IID Transformer Trip

APS Tie Trip

IID Tie Trip

CFE Gen Trip

SCE-SDG&E Tie Trip

Based on Preliminary Data

Sept. 8, 2011 Pacific Southwest Outage Loading on SCE-SDG&E Tie

JULY 31, 2012 – OUTAGE IN INDIA

JULY 31, 2012 – OUTAGE IN INDIACustomers Impacted – 600 Million

Load Interrupted – 48,000 MW

Outage Time – 2 to 8 hrs.

There were forty six (46) 400 kV and 765 kV line outages prior to event in the NR, ER and WR

Impacted Areas

Industry Drivers and Challenges for Grid Operations

Greenhouse Gas Reduction

Renewable Performance Standards

Transmission Siting and Project Delays Operating Challenge - Greater stress on the transmission system -- need

for new technologies and real time tools

– Situational Awareness – Monitor the health of the grid and its dynamic performance in real time

– Wide area visualization - Common information and displays and time synchronized data – available simultaneously to multiple control rooms

– Monitoring key metrics - High resolution monitoring of grid performance metrics and dynamics

NERC Perspective on Synchrophasor Technology

Synchrophasor technology has significant reliability benefits – Operational Monitoring – Wide Area Visualization– Bulk Power System Control– System Analysis and Planning– Smart Grid Integration

Potential to improve operational planning and control room operations

NERC GOAL Move phasor technology into mainstream of industry

acceptance and use

Remarks at NASPI Oct 5, 2010

Value of Phasor Technology

Wide Area Real Time Situational Awareness

− Monitor Health of the Grid, Prevent Blackouts, Reduce Blackout Footprint, Enable Faster Recovery

Real Time Monitoring and Visualization of Grid Metrics

Time-synchronized and High Resolution Data – Monitor Grid Dynamics in Real Time

Improve Planning Models and State Estimators

ERCOT – Phasor Network

Questions?