Visual Dictionary-Blocking

Air Barrier PaperAir Barrier Paper

White polyolefin wrap that prevents air infiltration into the building. This helps

reduce the air-change per hour of the building

White polyolefin wrap that prevents air infiltration into the building. This helps

reduce the air-change per hour of the building

Attic VentilationAttic Ventilation

Soffit vent

Ridge Vent

Gable Vent

Roof Turbine

Soffit vent allows air flow into attic but prevents insects and other animals.

The Gable and Ridge vent are used to expell air from the attic while keeping pests out as well

The roof turbine exhausts hot air from the attic.

Attic Ventilation Cont.Attic Ventilation Cont.

BackhoeBackhoe

A piece of excavating equipment consisting of an arm with digging bucket usually mounted on the rear of a front end loader.

This picture shows a 24 inch bucket

Used for trenching and other sitework on a construction site.

A piece of excavating equipment consisting of an arm with digging bucket usually mounted on the rear of a front end loader.

This picture shows a 24 inch bucket

Used for trenching and other sitework on a construction site.

Backhoe End

Batter BoardsBatter Boards

Temporary frame erected on the corners of an excavation.

Used to lay out foundation plane lines with twine or other guides.

Temporary frame erected on the corners of an excavation.

Used to lay out foundation plane lines with twine or other guides.

Brick ArchesBrick ArchesRoman Arch

Parabolic Arch

Arch with Keystone

Brick Arches Cont.Brick Arches Cont.

Centering-Support for an arch prior to its completion. It is used to hold up the bricks until the keystone can be placed to hold the weight.

In this case the centering (a steel angle) has been left underneathe the arch instead of being removed like a true arch.

Brick BondsBrick Bonds

Running Bond-stretchers are laid next to each other and the head joints are centered on the bricks in the courses above and below them

Flemish Bond-Pattern of stretcher and header with the header centered on the stretcher on the courses above and below it.

Running Bond-stretchers are laid next to each other and the head joints are centered on the bricks in the courses above and below them

Flemish Bond-Pattern of stretcher and header with the header centered on the stretcher on the courses above and below it.

Running Bond

Flemish Bond

Brick Bonds Cont.Brick Bonds Cont.

Rowlocks

Soldiers

Headers

Headers

Sailors

Sailors

Brick Bonds Cont.Brick Bonds Cont.

Rowlock Stretcher

Brick SizesBrick Sizes

Modular Brick 2 1/4 x 7 5/8 x 3 5/8

Norman Cored Brick 2-1/4 x 3-1/2 x 11-

5/8

Modular Brick 2 1/4 x 7 5/8 x 3 5/8

Norman Cored Brick 2-1/4 x 3-1/2 x 11-

5/8

BulldozerBulldozer

Heavy piece of construction equipment with a blade used to push large quantities of earth to desired positions

Heavy piece of construction equipment with a blade used to push large quantities of earth to desired positions

CladdingCladdingBrick Clad Structure

EFIS Clad Structure

Stone Cladding

Un-coursed Rubble

Wood Board Clad Structure

Cladding Cont.Cladding Cont.

Wood Shingle

Wood Shingles- Purposely cut pieces of wood used in an overlapping manner to create shingles.

Wood Shake-Pieces of wood that are simply split which gives it a rougher texture than wood shingles.

Code RequirementsCode Requirements

Egress window code requirements:

Area-5.7 sq. ft. (min.)Width-20 inches (min.)Height-24 inches(min.)Sill height-44 inches

(max.)Shown window meets

requirements.

Egress window code requirements:

Area-5.7 sq. ft. (min.)Width-20 inches (min.)Height-24 inches(min.)Sill height-44 inches

(max.)Shown window meets

requirements.

22”

35” Wide

30” Tall

Code Requirements Cont.Code Requirements Cont.

Stairs shown meet requirements

2(riser height)+tread width=25 or 24 inches

Tread Width should=12 or 13 inches

Code Requirements-Rise-7.5 inches (max.)Run-10 inches (min.)This stair does meet

code

Stairs shown meet requirements

2(riser height)+tread width=25 or 24 inches

Tread Width should=12 or 13 inches

Code Requirements-Rise-7.5 inches (max.)Run-10 inches (min.)This stair does meet

codeRise-6 inches Run-12 3/8 inches

Concrete JointsConcrete Joints

Isolation Joint-A crease that separates load bearing concrete from other concrete.

Here a column foundation is isolated from a slab on grade.

Control Joint-Crack or crease purposely put in concrete to control cracking as concrete shrinks.

Isolation Joint-A crease that separates load bearing concrete from other concrete.

Here a column foundation is isolated from a slab on grade.

Control Joint-Crack or crease purposely put in concrete to control cracking as concrete shrinks.

Concrete Masonry UnitConcrete Masonry Unit3 Brick coursesEqual one CMU course

4” 8”

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)-preformed concrete blocks with nominal dimensions of 8”x8”x16” which typically used for foundations, retaining walls, and load bearing as well as non-load bearing walls in commercial construction.

Decorative CMU-Ribbed Face Unit

1 CMU=3 Brick Courses

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

Ribbed Split Faced Block

Split Block

DoorsDoorsExterior Flush Door

Top Rail

Stile

Panel

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Transom Sidelight

Electrical ComponentsElectrical Components

Underground transformer box-This unit is used to step down underground high-voltage lines to low voltage that can be used by a building.

Service Head-accepts incoming wires while preventing moisture from entering the conduit.

Underground transformer box-This unit is used to step down underground high-voltage lines to low voltage that can be used by a building.

Service Head-accepts incoming wires while preventing moisture from entering the conduit.

Underground Transformer Box

Service Head

Electrical Components Cont.


Service Meter-used to measure the amount of electricity used by the building.

Service Panel-divides electrical service needs into separate sections for the building.

Service Meter-used to measure the amount of electricity used by the building.

Service Panel-divides electrical service needs into separate sections for the building.

Service panel

Service Meter



Duplex Receptacle-used as common electrical outlet for all appliance needs.

Duplex Receptacle-used as common electrical outlet for all appliance needs.

Duplex Receptacle

Framing ElementsFraming Elements

#1 Anchor Bolts

#2 Sill Plate

Framing Elements Cont.Framing Elements Cont.

#3 Floor Joists

#4 Subflooring


#5 Sole Plate

#6 Studs


#7 Top Plate

#8 Ceiling Joist

Framing Elements Cont.Framing Elements Cont.#9 Rafter

#10 Roof Decking


#11 Sheathing

#12 Stringers

Front End LoaderFront End Loader

Front End Loader-Heavy construction equipment with large front bucket used to move large quantities of earth rather than push or excavate like a bulldozer or backhoe

Front End Loader-Heavy construction equipment with large front bucket used to move large quantities of earth rather than push or excavate like a bulldozer or backhoe

Gypsum BoardGypsum Board

Interior facing panels with a gypsum core and two paper walls

Interior facing panels with a gypsum core and two paper walls

Heat PumpHeat Pump

Compressor-Bringing outside air in to either heat or cool it for the climate control of the building.

Advantage-these systems can rapidly heat or cool a building.

Disadvantage-creates drafts in the building also the exterior hardware is very noisy.

Compressor-Bringing outside air in to either heat or cool it for the climate control of the building.

Advantage-these systems can rapidly heat or cool a building.

Disadvantage-creates drafts in the building also the exterior hardware is very noisy.

Heat Pump Cont.Heat Pump Cont. Air Handling Unit-

This product has a fan which powers the treated air either from the heating or cooling element through the ductwork and into the various rooms of the building.

Air Handling Unit- This product has a fan which powers the treated air either from the heating or cooling element through the ductwork and into the various rooms of the building.

InsulationInsulationRigid BoardInsulation

Foam Insulation

Loose Fill Insulation Batt InsulationInsulation is used to keep the interior climate of a building independent of the exterior by providing a shield between air exchange and temperature variation.

LintelLintel

Lintel-Horizontal member above an opening such as a window or door that holds the weight of material above the opening.

Lintel-Horizontal member above an opening such as a window or door that holds the weight of material above the opening.

Angled Steel Lintel

MortarMortar

Tooled Joint, 1/2” Thick on Residential Home used with type N mortar

Troweled Joint, 1/2” thick on Residential Home used with type N mortar

Tooled Joint, 1/2” Thick on Residential Home used with type N mortar

Troweled Joint, 1/2” thick on Residential Home used with type N mortar

Concave Joint

“V” Joint

Oriented Strand BoardOriented Strand Board

This a manufactured wood product but it is not made with veneered wood pieces instead it is comprised of strands of wood laid in a uniform direction then tightly pressed together layer upon layer to create this 6 foot x 8 foot piece.

This a manufactured wood product but it is not made with veneered wood pieces instead it is comprised of strands of wood laid in a uniform direction then tightly pressed together layer upon layer to create this 6 foot x 8 foot piece.

Paul Rudolph’s Record House in Auburn

Paul Rudolph’s Record House in Auburn

PlumbingPlumbing

Lavatory-used in bathrooms to wash hands. Typically uses a 1- 1/2” “U” pipe to drain water.

Lavatory-used in bathrooms to wash hands. Typically uses a 1- 1/2” “U” pipe to drain water.

Water Closet

Plumbing Cont.Plumbing Cont.

Drop in Sink Drop in Sink

Plumbing Cont.Plumbing Cont.

VTR-vent through roof is a vent that releases waste gases from the plumbing system out of the building.

VTR-vent through roof is a vent that releases waste gases from the plumbing system out of the building.

Framed in Manufactured Tub

PlywoodPlywood

Veneer-thin strips of wood sheets created by “unrolling” a log.

Plywood is several veneer sheets pressed together in overlapping grains to create this 6x8 foot sheet.

Veneer-thin strips of wood sheets created by “unrolling” a log.

Plywood is several veneer sheets pressed together in overlapping grains to create this 6x8 foot sheet.

Radiant BarrierRadiant Barrier

Reflective foil placed in roofs or walls to protect against the passage of infrared energy.

Reflective foil placed in roofs or walls to protect against the passage of infrared energy.

RebarRebar

5/8” diameter rebar

Also known as #5 The deformations

help grip the concrete that it is reinforcing.

5/8” diameter rebar

Also known as #5 The deformations

help grip the concrete that it is reinforcing.

Steep Roof DrainageSteep Roof Drainage

Gutter-collects water run-off from roof and directs to downspout.

Downspout-transport water from gutter to the ground.

Gutter-collects water run-off from roof and directs to downspout.

Downspout-transport water from gutter to the ground.

Gutter Downspout

Steep Roof Drainage Cont.Steep Roof Drainage Cont.

Splashblock- Made of tough material such as plastic or metal and used to prevent erosion of the dirt from the drainage of a downspout

Splashblock- Made of tough material such as plastic or metal and used to prevent erosion of the dirt from the drainage of a downspout

Splashblock

Steep Roof MaterialsSteep Roof Materials

Underlayment-Usually a tarpaper that further prevents water penetration from underneath shingles

Underlayment-Usually a tarpaper that further prevents water penetration from underneath shingles

Underlayment

Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Materials Cont.Steep Roof Materials Cont.

Shingle-a material ranging from asphalt to copper in square or rectangular sheets that are placed in an overlapping manner to prevent water penetration in a building.

Metal Panel Roof-Metal roof that is manufactured in panels typically made of aluminized steel or aluminum.

Shingle-a material ranging from asphalt to copper in square or rectangular sheets that are placed in an overlapping manner to prevent water penetration in a building.

Metal Panel Roof-Metal roof that is manufactured in panels typically made of aluminized steel or aluminum.

Copper Shingles

Metal Panel Roof

Steep Roof ShapesSteep Roof Shapes

Hip Roof

Gable Roof

Mansard Roof

Gambrel Roof

Steep Roof TermsSteep Roof Terms

Eave

Valley

Rake

Fascia

Ridge

No Fascia Soffit

StoneStoneUncoursed Rubble

Coursed Ashlar

Coursed Rubble

Vapor RetarderVapor Retarder

Vapor Retarder is preventing water vapor from condensating in the insulation.

It is typically place between the sheathing and insulation as pictured here. On the warm in winter side of insulation.

Vapor Retarder is preventing water vapor from condensating in the insulation.

It is typically place between the sheathing and insulation as pictured here. On the warm in winter side of insulation.

WaterproofingWaterproofing Waterproofing is typically

placed on the exterior side of masonry that is below grade to prevent leaks.

This is a liquid applied waterproofing. It is typically brushed onto the masonry generously.

Advantages-because it is a liquid it fills all the gaps and it has no seams like and adhesive paper or tarpaper would.

Disadvantage-It is more costly than tarpaper.

Waterproofing is typically placed on the exterior side of masonry that is below grade to prevent leaks.

This is a liquid applied waterproofing. It is typically brushed onto the masonry generously.

Advantages-because it is a liquid it fills all the gaps and it has no seams like and adhesive paper or tarpaper would.

Disadvantage-It is more costly than tarpaper.

Weep HoleWeep Hole

A weep hole is a small opening in masonry to allow moisture to escape to the exterior of a building

A weep hole is a small opening in masonry to allow moisture to escape to the exterior of a building

Welded Wire FabricWelded Wire Fabric

Approx. 315’x60’grid

Approx. 315’x60’grid

Windows #1Windows #1

Jalousie Window Recognized by its

sequence of folding glasses

Jalousie Window Recognized by its

sequence of folding glasses


Single Hung Window

This window has a vertical sliding action with only one glass

Single Hung Window

This window has a vertical sliding action with only one glass


Awning Window This window has a

tilt action from the bottom towards the exterior.

Awning Window This window has a

tilt action from the bottom towards the exterior.

Visual Dictionary-Blocking

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