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VISUAL ARTS

African beliefs vibrant in ·works ■ Authority is embedded in even the mosthwnble accessories of the divine nders.

By Jacqueline Hal Dispatch An Critic

Masks are the first things that come to mind in the context of African art. They have entranced collectors for decades and inspired artists early in this century, especially Picasso and the cubists.

RIFFE GALLERY

■ "Leadership Arts of West Af­rica" i s on exhibit throughMarch 25 at the Riffe Gal!ery, 77S. High St. Hours: 11 am.-4 p.m.Monday-Wednesday, 11 a.m.-7:30 p.m. Thursday-Friday andnoon-4 p.m. Saturday-Sunday.

Masks also have tended to make Wes­terners overlook other art forms integral to African culture and so­ciety.

"Leadership Arts of West Africa," pre­l,ented by the Ohio Arts Council •at the Riffe Gallery, goes a long way to correct that

oversight. Organiz.ed and produced by the Kent State Urii_versity

School of Art Gallery, the exhibition consists of more than 80 works from West Africa, including Ghana, · Cameroon Grassfields, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast and Ni� The bulk of the show consists of various gold objects -•je�elry, hats, staffs, weights; wooden stools; various types. of cloth; and ceramic pieces.

The exhibition is meant to give "a broad insight into what the art of Africa is about," said Fred T. Smith, curator for the show and di­rector of the Kent gallery. "It is about religion, social hierar­chy and political structure."

Viewers should keep in mind that Africans believe life and religion are thoroughly intertwined, that· non-Islam­ized Africans tend to believe that a life power, or spirit, inhabits all things.

"Leadership arts" are art forms related to a wide range of specific activities involving religious or political rituals, decision-making, law enforce­ment - activities with hierar­chies, with a ruler and people being ruled, with a leader and those being led.

Elegantly presented, the exhibition exudes unexpected sophistication, especially in the first gallery, where gold objects and accessories from Ghana/Asante people are dis­played.

Generally executed in wood and gold foil, the objects are refined, even delicate­looking. They are meant for kings, who in West Africa are considered divine. 'Fhe kings' supernatural power seems to flow to the most huinble and utilitarian or decorative acces­sories they wear, endowing them with symbolic power.

Cameroon Grassfields: Human·Mask

\,

Above, Nigeria/Yoruba: lbeji"mth Beaded Cloth

Left, Ghana/ Asante: l.inguzyt Staff Finial: Two Men and Food

Below, Ghana/ Asante: Kente Cloth

Their leadership arts also have a worldliness that seems absent from the arts of the other tribes, at least as represented in the exhibi­tion.

Gold once was abundant in Ghana. Sixteenth- and 17th­century European travelers mentioned the importance of gold jewelry adorning Asante

Ghana/ Asante: Stool mth Metal Strips

The masks, drinking horns, pipes of the Cameroon Grassfields people, as well as the Ibeji (twin) figures; the Ogboni figures (fig­ures linked by a chain) of Nigeria/Yoruba; the Toma masks, the Mende Poro/Gongola masks and the Mende Sande Society masks of Sierra Leone and Liberia; and the Dan/We masks of Liberia and Ivory Coast are of far more exotic character than the gold accessories of Ghana. They exude that mysterious aura of the wilderness where spirits are barely harnessed for the good of the community. Nigeria/Yoruba: Gelede

mth Court Scene Mask A viewer of the exhibition is compelled to wonder why all the sculptures are ex�ted in

a figurative style (sometimes highly styliz.ed), while the cloth pieces are abstract (sometimes geometrically, as in

rulers, a practice that continued into the 20th century. The jewelry also emphasized the rulers' status. By extension, court officials benefited from that status. For instance, the linguist, who served as the ruler's spokesman and adviser, carried a staff with finial covered in gold foil as symbol of royal authority. Finials are generally figurative images depicting proverbs, or statements related to power issues.

Gold dust was usea as currency. The exhibition offers a collection of brass weights for weighing the dust. , The miniature sculptures, exquisitely executed, represent hu­man and animal figures as well as objects symbolic of power.

The Asante people reached an aesthetic level that rises far above the level achieved by other tribes represented.

• the Kente cloth from Ghana; sometimes organically, as inthe Nigeria/Yoruba cloth).

Is it because the carving is done by men and theweaving and cloth decoration by women? It is an intriguingquestion not fully answered by the show's curator.

·•

l I

ART

EXHIBITIONS

March 2D-May 28 "Edward Weston's Photographs: California and the West," The Toledo Museum of Art. The exhibition will fea­ture more than 100 of Edward Weston's photo­graphs taken during the 1930s. Call (419) 255-8000. lhna March 25 Leadership Arts of West Africa, the Riffe Gallery, Columbus. More than 80 works of art from West Africa is on display. Items range from embodiments of power to symbols of authority and emblems of achievement. Call (614) 644-9624. lhna April 23 "A Passion for Antiqui­ties: Ancient Art From the Collection of Barbara and Lawrence Fleisch­man," The Cleveland Museum of Art. One of the finest private col­lections of classical art is now on view for the first time. The collection is particularly strong in Greek, Etruscan and Roman bronzes. Call (216) 421-7340.

Dates for events are subject to change. Please check with local sponsors before driving long distances.

Polychrome jar from the Cincinnati Art Museum's "Singing the Clay" exhibition.

POTIERYOF THE SOUTHWEST lhna .June 4 H singing the Clay: Pueblo Pottery of the Southwest Yesterday

and Today," Cincinnati Art Museum. Historic and contemporary pottery of 12 different pueblos-Hopi, Zuni,

Acoma, Laguna, Zia, Santo Domingo, Chochiti, Tesuque, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Taos and Picuris-are highlighted in this exhibition drawn from the Cincinnati Art Museum's permanent collection. The 111 examples feature the traditional style of pottery from each pueblo and illustrate how creating pottery continues as a dynamic artistic expression.

Each of the Native American pueblos in the Southwest is known for its own traditional style of pottery. The use of specific materials, the designs used for decoration, the forms of the vessels and the method of firing are all elements that define traditional styles of pottery. Call (513) 721-0129 for details.

Ere. March4-5 Twenty-second Annual Dollhouse and Miniature Show and Sale, Rhodes Center, Ohio State Fair­grounds, Columbus. Ap­proximately 50 dealers and artisans will be featured. Call (614) 451-1843. March 7 University Chorus, Weigel Auditorium, The Ohio State University, Columbus. This free program begins at 8 p.m. Call (614) 292-2300. March 1•12 Great Midwest Quilt Show & Sale, Dayton/ Montgomery County Fairgrounds. Call (513) 932-1817. March 11 Record & Music Memor­abilia Show, Veterans Memorial, Columbus. Call (614) 261-1585 March 17-19 Quilts From the Heart, The Granville Inn, Granville. Call (614) 587-3990. March 18-19 Twenty-eighth Annual Stark County Gem & Mineral Club Show, Canton Memorial Civic Center, Canton. April 22-23 Daffodil Show, College Townhouse, Granville. More than 250 varieties of daffodils will be on display. Call (614) 587-0769. April 23-29 National Science & Technology Week, Ohio's Center of Science & Industry, Columbus. Call (614) 228-COSI.

MARCH/APRIL 1995 1A

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The finial atop an Asante staff depicts a gun-wielding hunter, a turtle and a shell.

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ABoVE: Various motifs are found in a sampling ofcarved stools from the Cameroon grasslands.

RIGHT: A gold necklace in the shape of an amulet, from the Asante people of Ghana, is among 80 west African objects on display.

.....,

c!he Qfofumbus IDispatdt Monday TANUARY 23, 1995

OBJECTS OF

By Nancy Gilson Dispatch Entertainment Reporter

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Exhibit

explores

• symbols of

west African

leaders

bjects are as intriguing as they are eye­catching: elephant weights for measuring gold dust, vivid breadths of ken;te cloth, swords decorated with gold leaf, a stool said to have descended from the heavens to rest at the knee of a king.

. These objects, though, go beyond art to serve as symbols of west African power and leadership. As such, they are the basis of a traveling exhibit opening Thursday at the Ohio Arts Council's Riffe Gallery.

"People in the West, especially the United States, generally have only a vague knowledge of Africa," said Fred T. Smith, director of Kent State University's School of ArtGallery. "Afri� is not similar throughout. It's not all masksand drums."

Smith, an associate professor and the coordinator of art· history at Kent, is the curator of "Leadership Arts of West Africa," which presents art from west African countries including Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone.

He began assembling works more than three years ago. "I wanted to show objects that people don't immediately

associate with west Africa - gold; jewelry; systems of weights; the rich textiles; and objects having to do with courts, kings and palaces.

"People think of old traditions in Europe, generally not Africa. West African traditions go back at least 400 or 500 years."

Smith selected the objects and countries for their variety.

"I think we've passed the day of just doing general Africa in exhibits such as these," he said. "I wanted a show with more focus. I'm interested in how art is used in leadership in a political sense. Some west African countries have tight leadership centered around a king, but others don't. This exhibit was partly an attempt to show range of leadership ... and to look at the various types of art that plug into the concepts."

■ "Leadership Arts ofWest Africa" will open with a reception from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m, 'Illursday at. the Ohio Arts Council's Riffe Gallery, 77 S. High St; Kaikpai and other west African drnmmers will perform. The free exhibit will continue through March 25. Gallery hours: 11 a.m.-7:30 p.m. Thursdays and Fridays, noon-4 p.m. weekends and 11 a.m.-4 p.m. Monday­Wednesday. Call 644-9624.

Many works are from Ohio collections. Included are several examples of ken;te cloth -probably the most familiar object to American viewers.

"I don't think most people have see!Mal-'entire Gloth,. however," Smith said. "One of these measures about 8 by 10 feet. Most cloths in the United States are commercially printed, and these are woven. The quantity of cloth as well as its richness is a statement."

Stools, much like the European throne, are a symbol of power, the curator said.

"In Ghana, the main symbol of the Asante nation is a gold stool that came from the heavens and rested on the knees of the first king. Since the Asante nation is a confederation; it came to be a statement of cohesion as well as power."

The gold weights transcend their practical purpose. "Some rel;:tte to proverbs, and others are abstract and symbolic," he

said. "Different African people have expressed different proverbs and messages.

"As you look at most of the objects in this exhibit, you can peel away a surface impression to get to deeper information and meaning."

Much of the art is associated with performance or pageantry. "Most of African art is impossible to fully understand without

recognizing a performance context," Smith said. "These pieces are not found on \Yalls. They're brought out in ceremonies and rituals, and with layers of dress, music and dance."

Drummer Kaikpai and other west African musicians will perf9rm at the exhibit's Columbus opening.

"Most of these pieces are still in use today," Smith said. "I think people will be surprised at the richness, range and variety of the material. This isn't just museum stuff. It is complex, intricate, important and as loaded with meaning as objects from any Western tradition."

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NEWS BUREAU INC. CLEVELAND, OHIO 44115

216/241-0675

Ef!STS!O: NHIS

CLEUEL��O, OH.

W C!RC. 20,000

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NEWS BUREAU INC.

CLEVELAND, OHIO 44115 216/241-06i5

COLUMBLJ:3 01 SPAT CH

COLUNBLJ:3, OH.

PJ1 C!RC. 300,425

Riffe Gal�ery to present t� 1

:�::��:: a Htti, bl, .. "'""""'' Boc,�heat Zydeoo and

\i\l est Afr IC an a rt rf es guitarist Kenny Neal will perform at S and 11 p.m. Wedne:;day in l� · Stache's, 2-l04 N. High St. Both musicians hail from ro1.::.'.iweste111 Louii:iana.

�.:J �ore than so words of in a wide range of Bucl..·wheat cut his teeth in Clifton Chenier·, band during the mid-1970s art from West Africa will activities including before forming his o,m zydeco outfit in the eaiiy 19805. He is touring tobe on display at the Riffe political ritual or drama, promote Ffre Card Stud, his newe;t album on Island Reeord.s. Neal. the son Gallery Jan. 26 through . decision making and law of blues player RafuJ Neal, relea.-'ed Hoodoo ;\,Ian in 1994. It is his fifJi albumMarch 25. The exhibition, enforcement. . for Alligator Records. Tickets_ CO:.-"t Sl5 at Used Kid's Rel.'01-ds, Singing Dogprodu� by Kent State At the same time, art Records, Aardvark video Monkc,·s Retreat, Stache's a::d some Ticketma.;-Univers1ty Schoo10f Art symbolizes the ter outlets· $17 at the doo�.

• 5 Gallery, includes carved importance of cooper a-wooden stools, masks tion, shared beliefs and and figures, as well as the responsibilities of the accessories such as rulers and the ruled. The staffs, jewelry and hats. political structure and

The objects are cult:.;re of a group often displayed individually, in determine the type of groupings · and . in political art employed. vignettes complemented The Riffe Gallery, by photographs and operated by the Ohio Arts. explanatory labels. Council, showcases the

Items in Leadership work of Ohio's artists and Arts of West Africa, which the · collections of the range from embodiments state's museums and of power to symbols of galleries.

· authority or emblems of The Riffe Gallery is achievement, have I ocated in the Vern Riffe aisthetic and artisitic Center for the purposes but al so Government and the Arts, function in historical, State and High Streets, religious, philosophical Columbus, OH. Gallery and political waY_s. hours are Monday,

Leadership Arts of Tuesday and Wednesday West Africa is a rich 11·4 p.m., Thursday and resource for studying Friday 11-7:30 p.m., community values, Saturday and Sunday traditions and organiza- 11-4 p.m. Admission is

. A Chekhov masterpiece. Otterbein College Theatre ,,ill present . .\nton :Chekhov's. bittersweet The ChemJ Orchard, one oi the great modern ·· · dramas. at i:30 p.m.

Wedn�y. 8 p.m. Thurs­dav throu!!'h Saturdav and 2 p.m. nexf Sunday ·_ andthrough Feb. 5 - in the Campus Center Theatre, 100 \V. Home St., \\'e;ter• \ille. 1ic.'-.ets cost SS.50 andS9.50. Call 823-1109.

· African art. '.\Iasks,carved ngures, jewelry, hats and a ho;;t of other items that ·symoolize leadership in ·west African countries \\illgo on display Thursday at the Ohio Arts Council's Riffe Gallery, 77 S. High St. The free exhibit, "Leadersh ip Arts of West-.Africa." was produC!ed by the Kent State Universitv School of Art Gallen· and ,,ill continue through :'.larch 25. Admis­sion is free. Call 64-l-962-1.

tj,ons that structure free. For inform.ati on or to i �ociety. In A·frica, art schedule a tour call th_e/1 • :.!Qrms that support the ,Riffe Gallery at 61,.- : :· :·

Happy birthday. To celebrate the 100th anniver­sarv oi the invention oi cine-. ina: the \Ve.-.;ner Center for the Ar..s v.ill present Chris Marker's new installation, Silent .\lai,-ie. The work of video installation, black­and-whr.e stills and comput­er-designed sketches of movie · posters ,,ill open

poltti-cal svstem are used 644-9624. .. · -. ·:: '.fhe Columbus Symphony Orchestra, guest-

OHIO NEWS BUREAU INC.Cl.EVELAND, OHIO 44115216/241-0675

t'iAR ION :3TP.RNRRION, OH.PH Cf RC. 20,420

JRN-1.B.::�SAfrican _art d!§fclayedCOL!.iMBus - More �an 80 art works West Africa, will be on displayat the Riffe Gallery, Columbus, Jan.26 through March 25, as part of its "Leadership Arts of West Africa"exhibit. The exhibition in-:ludes carved WOO(! stools, masks and figures, as well as accessories such as staffs, jew. elry and hats, and provides a richresource for studying community va).ues, traditions and organizations thatstructure society in Africa. Items in the exhibit come fromGhana, Cameroon grasstields, Sierra Leone, L-iberia, the Ivory Coast and Nigeria.

Riffe Gallery is operated by theOhio Arts Council and is located atStaie'aoi High streets. Hours are I l a.m .• 4 p.m .. Mondays. Tuesdays and Wednesdays, Saturdays and Sundays; l l�--7:30 p.m. Thursdays and Fri '

'\.__ -

- conducted by �rhardt Zimmermann, will per-- fonn at 8 p.m. Friday and Saturday in the Ohio

Theatre, 39 E. St.ate SL Guest soloist will beAwadagin Pratt, featured in. Beethoven's Piano

. - Concerto No. 5 ("Emperor''). Pratt won 'the : Nawnburg International Piano Competition in - 1992. For tickets, $9 to �O, call 22-l-3291.

·Thw-roav in three of theWexne, • Center galleries,

·· N.High Street at 15th Avenue. The e.-.;hibit ,,ill conci:iue through April 9.Admission is free. Call 29'2-03:30.

A reading rainbow. Ohio State U ni,·e.rsity's a:1::t.:al Children ·s Litera•ture conf�nce \\ill take place Thursday through &turday at the Hyatt · 'Regency and Greater Columbus Con,·ention Cente.:-, 350 N. High St. Children's authors and illustrators natiom,ide \\ill be featured. Call 292-42.'30.

Art of the book. The original art from children's books, by five Ohio . artists and illustrators, ,,ill be sho\\11 and sold beginr.ing Saturday at the · -. lfhurber Center Gallery, 91 Jefferson Ave. "5ive" pre:;ents 40 studies arid · ful.l-<:0lor illustrations by Christopher Canyon, Tun Bowers, Amina!, Robin­

\ S9n, Wtl Clay and Will Hillenbrand. An opening reception ,,ill take place from 3 to 5 p.m Saturday. Call -164-1032.

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NEWS BUREAU INC. CL=V::LAND, OHIO '14115

216/241-0675

COLl.it\81.t3 OISPAiCH COLLll'iEIJ3, OH. AM me. 300,42s

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JRN-23-95

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ABovri Various motifs are found in a sampling of carved stools from the Cameroon grasslands.

Rlc1rr:-A gold necklace 1n the shape ofan amulet, from the Asante people of Ghana, is among 80 west African objects oo display.

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OF Exhibit

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explores

symbols of

west African

./'"•. leaders

By .Nancy Gilson

Dispatch Enw-rainment &perter

bjects are as intriguing as they are ey� cat.ching: elephant weights for measur'�'lg·gold dust, vivid oreadtbs of kente cloth, swords decorated with gold leaf, a stool said to have descended from the heaver.s to rest at the lmee of a king.

These objects, though, go beyondart to serve as symbols of west African power and leadership, As such, they are the basis of a traveling e.-du'bit opening Thw-sday at the Ohio Arts Council's Riffe Gallery.

"People in the West, especially the United States, gene.--ally have only a vague k:iowledge of Africa,• said Fred T. Smith, director of Kent State University's School of Art Gallery. "Africa is not similar throughout. It's not all masks and drums."

Smith, an associate professor and the coordinator of ai-t history at Kent, is the curator of"Leadership Arts of West Africa,• which presents art from west African countries including Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, LI'beria,_Nigeria and Sierra Leone.

He began assembling works more than three years ago. "I wanted to show objects that people don't immediately

associate v.ith west Africa - gold; jewelry; systems of weights; the rich te.'Ctiles; and objei:ts having to do with courts, kings and palaces.

"People think of old traditions in Europe, generally not Africa. West African traditions go back at least 400 or 500 years."

Smith selected the objects and countries for their variety.

"I think we've pa,ssed the day of just doing general Africa in e.'(h.t'bits such as these," he said. "I wanted a show with more focus. I'm interested in how art is used in leadership ill a political sense. Some west African countries have tight leadership centered around a king, but others don't. This e.-du'bit was partly an attempt to show range of leadership ... and to look at the various types of art that plug into the concepts."

Many works are from Ohio collections. Included are several e.=ples of kente cloth - probably the most familiar object to American viewers.

■ "Leadership Arts oCWest Africa" will open with a reception from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Thursday at the Ohio Arts Council's Riffe Gallery, 77 S. High St.; Ka..ikpai and other west African drummers will perform. The free exhibit will continue through Man:h 25. Gallery hours: 11 a.m.-7:30 p.m. Thursdays and Fridays, oooo-4 p.m. weekends aod 11 a.m.-4 p.m. Monday-

. Wednesday. Call 6-14-962-t

"I don't think most people have seen an entire cloth, however," Smith said. "One oi these measures about 8 by 10 feet. Most cloths in the United States are commercially printed, and these a.-e woven. The q1mntity of cloth 2S well as its richness is a statement•

Stools, much like the European throne. a.re a symbol of power, the curator said.

"In Ghana, the main symbol of the Asa:ite nation is a gold stool that came from the heavens and rested on the k:iees of the first king. Since the Asante nation is a confederation, it e2me to be a statement of cohesion as well as power."

The gold weights transcend their pract:cal purpose. - "Some relate to proverbs, and others a.re abstract and symbolic," he

said. "Different African people have expressed different proverbs andmessages.

"As you look at l!lOSt of the objects in this exhibit, you can peel away a swface impression to get to deeper information and meaning."

Much of the art is associated with periom-.ance or pageantry. "Most of African art is impossible to fully understand without

recognizing a performance conte.xt," Smit, said. ''These pieces are not found on walls. They're brought out in ce.remonies and rituals, and with layers of dress. music and dance.•

Drummer Kaikpai and other west Afr.can musicians will perform at the e.xhibit's Co!umous opening. . "Most of these pieces are still in use tocay," Sr:uth said:."! think people will be s..trprised at the richness, ra.,ge and variety of the material. This isn't just museum stuff. It is comple.x, L'ltricate, important and as loaded with mea.·•..ing as objects from a.,y Western tradition.• ,/

,-

Pa_ge 8 _If_ i!ltr t!'olumbas OiS?Ii

VISUAL ARTS

African. beliefs vibrant in works ■ Authority is embedded in even the mosthumble accessories of the divine nilers.

By Jacquel"'9 Hall . Dispat_ch All CrJiJ:

Masks are the first things that come to mind in the context of African art. They have entranced collectors for decades and inspired artists early in this century, especially Picas..so and the cubists.

mi tm?t! • 1 � ;fia ■ "Leadership Arts of West Af­r ica" is on exhibit throughMarch 25 at the Riffe Gallery, 77S. H igh St Hours: 11 a.m.-4 p.m ..Monday-Wednesday, 11 a.m.-7:30 p.m. Thursday-Friday andnoon-4 p.m. Saturday-Sunday.

oversight,

Masks also have tended to make Wes­terners overlook · other art forms integral to African culture and so­ciety.

"Leadership Arts of West Africa," pre­sented by the Ohio Arts Council at the Riffe Gallery, goes a long way to correct that

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Organiz.ed and produced by the Kent State University School oi Art Gallery, the exhibition consists of more. than ·.- . 80 works from West Africa, including Ghana, C:µneroon • · Grassfields. Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. The , -· bulk of the show consists of various gold objects - jewelry, hats, staffs, weights; wooden stools; various types of cloth; and ceramic pieces.

�-:- ·--·�< Abore, Nigeria/Yoruba: �ji llilh Beaded Cloth

ilJ Left, Ghana/Asante: linguist Slaff F"IIUlli: T•v Mm and Food

The exhibition is meant to give "a broad insight into what the art of Africa is about," said Fred T. Smith, curator for the show and di­rector of the Kent gallery. "It· is about religion, sccial hierar­chy and political stro�"

Viewers should keep in mind that Africans believe life and religiorr are thoroughly intert\\ined, that non-Islam­ired Africans tend to believe that a life power, or spirit, inhabits all things.

"Leadership arts" are art forms related to a \\1de range of specific acth1ties involving religious or political rituals, decision-making, law enforce­ment - acti\1ties \\1th hierar­chies, \\1th a ruler and people being ruled, \\1th a leader and thooe being led.

Elega.'ltly presented, the exhibition e,1.1des unexpe<:ted sophistication, especially in the first gallery, where gold objects and acces..sories from Ghana/Asante people are dis-played.

C enerally executed in wood and gold foil. the objects are refined, even deli cate­looking. They are · meant for kings, who in West Africa are considered dhine The kings' supernatural power seems to flow to the mo,,--t. hwnble and utilitarian or decorati,·e acces­sories they wear, endo.,,,1ng them \\1th s,mbolic power.

Canltroon Grassfields: Human Mask

Below, Ghana/Asante: &nu Cloth

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Their leadership arts al.so have a worldliness that seems abse.'lt from the arts of the other tribes. at lea.st as represe.�ted in the exhibi­tion.

Gold once was abundant in Ghana. SLxteenth- and lith­century European travelers mentioned the importance of gold jewelry adorning Asante

Ghana/ Asante: Slool llilh Metal Strips :-iigeria/Yoruba: Ge/edt llilh Cowt Sc,r,,t Mask

The mask.., chinking horns, pipes of the Cameroon Gra.ssiields people, as well as the lbeji (l\\in) figure;: the Ogboni figures (fig­ures linked by a chain) of :Sigeria/Yoruba; the Toma masks, the Mende Poro/Gongola r,,.asks and the '.\lende Sande Society masks of Sierra Leone and Liberia; and the Dan/We masks of Liberia and Ivory Coast are of far more exotic character than t.�e gold accessories of Ghana They exude that mysterious aura of the \\ilderness where spirits are barely harnes..sed for the good of the community.

A \1ewer of the exhibition is compelled to

rulers, a practice that continued into the 20th centw-y. The jewelry also emphas-ized the rulers' stat.JS. By exte�.sion, court officials benefited from that status. For instance; the linguist. who sen·ed as the ruler's spokesman and ad,i..ser, earned a staff \\ith finial covered in gold foil as s,mbol of royal authority. Finials are generally figurative images depicting proverbs, or statements related to power issues.

Gold dw;t was used as currency. The exhibition offers a collection oi brass weights for weighing the dust The miniature sculptures, exquisitely e�ecuted, represent hu­man and animal figures as well as objects s:,mbolic of power.

The Asante people reached an aesthetic le•,el that rL<es far above the level · achieved by other tribes represented.

wonder why all the sculptures are executed in a figurative sty le (sometimes highly stylized), while the cloth·· pieces are ab:,,-tract (sometimes geometrically, as in the Kente cloth from Ghana; sometimes organically. as in the Nigeria/Yoruba cloth).

Is it becau.<e the caning is done by men and the weav:.,g and cloth decoration by \\-Orr:e.�? It is an intriguing qu�on not fully an:,·wered by the sho\\·'s curator.

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AIDll \AVllilW A. MICANIN�C IA ne-�v exhibit at the Riffe Center

in Columbus explores the intricate world of west Africa

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mJ.tcly i� constructed so it c.:in be viewed by others.

This is pcrhJ.ps the grc.1test dif­(ercncc between most gallery ex• hibits ilnd the cumnt c.xhibit in the Riffe Gollery of the Vern Riffe Center in Columbus - "Le.oder• ship Arts of West ArricJ. ... Pre• !;en1c<J by the Ohio .., ouncil :ind or&J.nizcd by School of rt Gallery ill Kent S�nivcrsity, thi,; e�hibil is like lcw ,h.1t have

· sraccd ;iny Columbus g.11!cry. "Afric:i is definitely one or the

world's mos1 diverse con1incnts." . �id cur.uor Fred T. Smith, KSU ... :issoci:ite :irt proressor. "\Ve're t:ilking :ibout a pl.lee with four l:ingu:iges, over 1,000 ethnic groops and V3.t)'ing environments. Not only is the J.rt you sec here �oti(ul, but :iJI of it is me:ining­ful. Most is used either d.Uly Or in

· religious ceremonies ;ind other rit• u:ils,'.'

Smith sajd the exhibit not only gives patrons :i. view into wcs1 AfricJ.n v3.Jues and beliefs. it dis• pels myths obout the type of an th:i.t exists there.

'"\Vith this exhibit we get .3.Wil)' from the misconceptions that wcs1 A.fric;in illt is all m:ide of wood," he said. "It also is made of brass, iron. gold, texrilcs� cerimics. even horns ...

More th:in SO works fill the Riffe Gallery. They u-: displayed individu.1lly. in sroupinss :ind in

· visncttcs, accompilnied by pho­tosrophs and e�plonotory lobcls.

Items in the exhibition come rrom Gh:in:i, Cameroon GrilSS• fields. Sicrr.i Leone, Li�ril. I vol') Co:ist :ind Niscria. G:-o...:pcd most• ly by rcsion. the vie....-er is give� the opportunity to explore c:3.C� culture by cx:i.mining t!ic purpose bc:hind its an.

"In Gh:ln:i.. gold w" used ex• tcnsivcly 10 .1dom the king. upon

whom the society w:is ccnter:d." Smith

uid.

�

An from Gh.lno in• cludes :! �old br:1cclet ;ind five golden rings in th,: sh.1pc of birds.

fish 3.nd scorpions. Shoc:s .::;dorncd with sold foil, inuic.1tcly c:rved foot Stools in

the shape of lcopords, il gold-foiled linguist

s:.,ff, gold dust • I wcishts cr.1ftcd from

brJSs. silver spoons :ind 3 ccrcmoni;il

sword also nre in­cluded in this collec•

tion. ''The. C:imcroon

Gr.issf:elds is very simi!Jr in that their :i.n 1,::nds to center

:itt)Und le.1dcrship, .. Smiths.Jid.

Most unusu:il in this sroup :lfC the

dabor-Jte masks in the: form of :inim:als :md humans. An CA-

pl:an�tion of these masks rc:ids: "A v:i­

ricty or :i.nthropomor• phic :md zoomorphic

mJ.sks .1n: wom by men of rc:subtory or

paf;ice soci-:tic:s .... M:.i:;ks suprx,rt and

enforce royal puwer .1nd J.pp:ar at n1;1jor

fcscivJ.ls." In the �igcri:in �

cicty, the focus of Mt is shared ilmong (Jm• ily :ind sociJ.t ,md rc­tisious sroups. Lelf.J. crship is no< the cen­

ter of :meniion, Smith

,IN NIGERIA, the focus of art is shared among family and religious and , ·social groups. The above mask is from that country.

s:i.i<.I. lnclu<.kd in this

i;ruuping ;m:: mJ.<ks.

RIFFE GALL.£RY'S "'leadership Arts of West Africa" exhibit opened Thursday and glves visl• . tors a look Into a variety of cultures. One misconception about west African art Is that It Is

all made from wood. A vessel and Kente cloth show this not to be true. /Photos by CMs Ktider, Riffe Gallery)

IC-'tile, Ogboni figures :ind om:i.te dressings such as br:iceleu. shell vests ;ind bc::lded cloth.

"As we move to the $icrrJ. Leone:, we see th.it 1he power in society falls to gender." Smith s:iid. "When chiers exis1. their power is limi1ed."

The female society sroup is an un­usuJI African .issoci;ition bc:c:iuse wooden m:isks arc worn c.xclu• sively by women.

In the final group. Liberia or

The Ivory Co:is1. chiefs no lenser e.1;ist. Vill:iges b:isically :,,re in<.lc:· pendent, Smith s.1id.

"Africa is definitely one of the worid's most diverse continents. We're talking about a

place with four languages, over 1,000 eth• nic groups and varying environments.

Not only is the art you see here beautiful, but all of it is meaningful. Most is

used either daily or in religious ceremonies and other rituals."

Fred T. Smith "U!�&.:rship t\ns of Wl.'st Afri1.::1" c:d1ibit cur:1111r

He saitJ two m.ijor sc:crct soci­eties cxcn power. One .woci.ition makes most m:ijor polilic.1I :ind ju­dici:al decisions. For women, .1 so­ciety l.1ys down rules or conduct :int.I ecJuc.:ucs youns girls for :in :icceptcd p:mem or life.

In this :ire:,,, J. f,:w rnilsks ;ind bush spirits :ire used by men tO symbolize the: power they h:ivc.

Herc, m:isks :in: usc:d in initia-1ion, w:ir, social control. judicial :ictivitics ;rnd ,:ntc:rtJ.inmcnt. �bsks or 1his :area range from his;hly polished ancJ natur.,listic 1ypcs to cubistic :.1nc.l expressive: styles. Some m:isks arc: covcrct.l with h:.iir, homs, tusks :.in<l tccih.

.. I sucss 1hc unique qu:..ility this e.(hibi1 h;:.s is th�, "·c mo..-c :along

a sco::;lc," Smith s:iid. •• As you studv t.1-:c :i.n from the dii'!'e�nt ar• e:is. ·you sec we go fror:, ccntr.JI• iz.cd to <.!ccen1r.1lization ...

Jn his sra1c:mcnt. Sn�::h wrote, "In ,sc:ier.11. :i \·aricty of :rt fomis define :ind support tr.::;di tional lc:at.!::Mip in both ccntr.lizcd :ao<l non-cc:ur:ilized societies of \Ve.st Afrio. Titc:k! obp..--c1s. -...�ich r.1ngc from cmbo<limc:nts of ;-,owcr tu symbols or ;.iuthority or cmbh.:ms of :1:<:hicvc111cnt, ha·vc: aesthetic ancJ :artistic r1urpusc:s. but :,!so func.::iun in hinorica1. �c:li�ious. philosophic;il :mc.J political ways. Tiii:: con11.:,.1u:.il me:rni:i;; of sut:h ubjc:cts is :i major ro.:i.:s oi this ex• hibitiun."

Pc:r!ups one of ,�:: best at• 1ributc:s of '"Lca<lersh:? ,\ns uf West Afric:1" is 1h:1t t�c viewer can :;::in insight :anc.J :ljprcd;1tiu11 r,,r a ditl:h;nt cuhu1�. 11:c !\how is. a must rur 1hosc inh:r::1o:c:U in a1t. history. poli:ical gcnr-:s. Afrk:.in ;in. or simple human n::tt:n:.

11:c Riffe C:.illc:ry ii. h.-...:atc<l in the: Vern Riff,: Ccn1r::r. State amJ Hi�h strc:i::ts in c.!ownh.>..,, n 0.1lum• bus . .::;cro:-.s from the Chio Stait:­hoo>e.

?:!!:...ini:; is :iv:.iifo.b!e �c:ne:,ah the st:1:chouse. ,\<lm issiun to the g:.il:c:ry is free. C�II ('51 �) f,�..:-96�� for i;::l!cry hm.:r::..

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OHIO NEWS BUREAU INC.

Cl£VELAND, OHIO 44115 216/241-0675

THE OTH�R PP.PER COLUM8L

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l=Tl=l-?-95

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cetera . . .

From West Africa

to Columbus · .

• The Ohio Arts Council is hosting an �ition of works from way, way outside of Ohio.

Leadership Art,s of West . Africa, on view through March

.. "--!>

• I 25 in the Riffe Gallery, show- · • .

cases more than lOOworks of. ·I-_:· .-0-_C. :.;: ..art-including stools, masks, . · · - -.-, ' I

.

, ,�,;•. • fly whisks, clothing, jewelry . and staffs; in -wood; iroµ; gold-, -1 · '. : : �-cloth and brass. . . -..... . , · Items in the exhibition

· ·

( come from.Ghana, CameroonGrassfields, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Nige­ria. Just in case you haven't studied up on geography · ._ lately, there's a handy map of the area painted on one of the galle17 walls.

The works on display sym­bolize power, authority or achievement, ranging from

..... ·

·--: o·:. f: S·\!�. ':.: ':'·:. �--it. . .. :,::,--.

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. royal powedo women's roles Atthe Riffe Gallery:A mask from the Cameroon Grass-in a community. The pieces fields. . · have historical, religious, · . .. philosophical or political significance, but and Sunday 11 a.m.-4 p.m.they're also aesthetic. · · - ·· Admission is free. For more info or to

The exhibition was curated by Fred . �ule a guided tour, call 644-9624. . /Smith, the Kent State University School -· - -- . .

/,, of Art Gallery director. There's your Ohio I · · connection. . . TheRiffeGallery,located in theRiffe , OHIO

_Center at the comer ofState andHi_gh . i NEWS BUREAU INC. streets downtown, is open Monday- I CLEVELAND OHIO 4411 s W�dnesday 11 a.m.-4 p.m.; Thursday and 216/241-0675 Fnday 11 a.m.· 7:30 p.m.; and Saturday

"

TIMES RECORDER ZANESVILLE, OH.

SUttt.AM CIRC. 26,942

J:"EB-?-q� "-· .· .. . resiaendes �oufct be directed to ■ Leadership _"'t'.., of West Africa Silvio Llm, _202-682-5422. Dead-. produced by Kent State University . lines are: Feb. 15, for projects be- School of Art, featuring works . ginning in June 30, 1995 and May from Ghana, Cameroon, Grass- · 15, for projects beginning Nov. 1, ijelds, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory 1995. Questions about funds for Coast and Nigeria, on display a rtists and performing artists through March 25, at the Rilfe Gal­should be directed to Pennie lery, Columbus. Admission is free. Ojeda at 202--682-5422. Deadlir1es The gallery is open 11 am. to 4 are: May 1, 1995, for projects be- p.m. Monday-Wednesday, 11 am. :ginning July 10, 1995, and SepL 1, to 7:30 p.m. Thursday and Friday 1995, for projects beginning Nov. . and 11 am. to 4 p.m. Saturday an

fd

10, 1995. Sunday. For information ca Exhibits to visit are: �4.--64.4-9624·

■ Putnam Historical Association·: second-annual Art Exhibit and Auction, 6:30 p.m. Saturday, at _Zanesville Country Club. Tickets are $10, available by calling 452-8428. Proceeds benefit thehistorical association

RI ·

11 ■ S..en Pein� of View, featuring

. ART �more than 100 photographs from · '-! .·, .·· · "'-· •· tBrtan Blauser, Stewart Kat2, Ken­

'.' ner Bush, Chris Eaton, Tom Lay-The Ohio Arts Council is award- ; man, Skip Norman, Elise Mitchell

ing grants for the National Endow- ;·sanford and Dan Williams, on dis­ment for the � Intematio_nal { play through Feb. 12, at the DairyProgram for Ohio arts orgaruza- ; Barn Southeastern Ohio Culturaltions and individual artiSts. Ques- '. Arts Center, Athens. For informa­tions about collaborative project tion call 614-592-4981.

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NEWS BUREAU INC. CLEVELAND, OHIO 44115

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CALL & POST

COLUt18U:3, OH.

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Riffe G.alleey,:presenfs We�,,t ;Mr�,t;�ii. l�xh.i}Jit •.... ·.• .·

a, ��e than 100 works of art from West . .· meaning of their art Is the major focus of Africa will be on.display at the-Riffe Gal-.,:u,, ·: the exhibition:··,' .... , . lery now-Saturday, March 25.-The exhibi- • ·,(- · Items· In the exhibition come fromtion, produced by Kent State University ' ·· •:Ghana, Cameroon Grassfields, SierraSchool of Art Gallery, includes carved .. Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Nigeria:;.wooden stools,. rrasks and figures, as '. · The Riffe Gallery, operated by the·well as accessories such as staffs, jewel- ;r: ·Q_hio Arts Council, showcases the work .ry and hats. The objects are displayed ., , !; . of Ohio's artists and the collections of theindividually, in groupings an'd in vignettes · '' state's museums and-galleries. The Riffecomplemented by photographs and ex- · .:· .. Gallery is located in the Vern Riffe C.enter. 1

·

planatory labels. Items in "Leadership . · .. :: for the Gov·ernment and the Arts, 77 S.Arts of West Africa," which range from/"•:· High St. Gallery ,hours are Monday, Tues •.

_;embodiments of power to ·symbols of,�:,'- • · day and Wednesday , ,,11-4 p.m .. ,., · authority .. or. emblems·,.9f_ achievement,.J;;, Thursday and Friday, 11-7:30 p.m. Satu.r�· .have aesthetic and artistic-purposes but\... · · day and Sunday, 11-4 p.m. Admission h,

also function In· hlstorical;,_religlous, · ·. , , free. For more information or to schedulephilosophical and political ways.'.'' :/· ':: · a tour call the Riffe Gallery at 644-9624 .. ,• ''Leadership Arts ·of West Africa''.. is a i;, : The Ohio Arts Council, a stage agency

· rich r13source for. studying community ·· ·. ._.._.._..,.__ established in 1965, is committed to the .. values, traditions and organizations that .':", . . · economic, : educational· and cultural· · structure society. In Africa, art forms that • ·. "LEADERSHI�. ART� OF WEST_AFRl�A." wm be or:i display now-Saturday, March development of the state. The council

support the politic;al system are u�ed In, 25, at the Riffe G�lle,r_y, 77_ S. High St.• ·1:'. :': · ' • · • •·• 1 • believes the arts should be shared by the

a wide range of actlviti�s including politi- :-:.·!,r;,.;,,,i"·:•··ri·i,.. .. ,, .. ,. , .'-·, �-t:•i.·' .:.� ... ;� • .'. _ _I; .I , , ·: • ... ' ., .. ;, • ,,, "· i .. ,.,. · · :· people of Ohio. The arts arise from .i

, cal ritual cir drama, decision rnak_ing _'and l;J•sibi1itiel�:''the rui�rs and th'� r�led: �h;' tio��I i'eaders In West Afii�a ���f �'wide• · public, individual and organizational et-

' law enf_orcemen!, At the same time, art: . political stn'.icture and culture of a group ,· range of leadership art. The Integration forts. The OAC supports and encourages· �ymbohzes the 1':1P0rlilnce of �oopera� : often determine the type of political art . of these leadership systems and the . those_ efforts.,. / , , ·, · •·. · ' ' · )1:

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