CONFLICT AND CONQUEST: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WEST 1860-1900Chapter 15 Visions

CHAPTER FIFTEEN: CONFLICT AND CONQUEST: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WEST, 1860-1900I. Native and Newcomers

II. The Economic Transformation of the West

III. Native Americans Under Siege

IV. Resistance and Romanticism

Native and NewcomersA. Congress Promotes Westward Settlement

B. The Diversity of the Native American West

C. Native American Tribes of the Great Plains

D. The Great Westward Migration

Congress Promotes Westward SettlementTrans-Mississippi West - The region of the United States

west of the Mississippi River.

Homestead Act - Passed in 1862, it provided 160 acres of free land to any settler willing to live on it and improve it for five years; promoted massive westward migration.

Congress Promotes Westward SettlementTranscontinental Railroad - A line spanning the continental

United States. Congress helped the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads build it by providing land grants, cash incentives, and loans.

Native American Tribes of the Great PlainsGreat Plains - Vast open territory stretching east to west

from present-day Missouri to the Rocky Mountains, and north to south from North Dakota to Texas.

The Great Westward MigrationExodusters - More than twenty thousand ex-slaves who in

1879 left violence and poverty in the South to take up farming in Kansas.

Mormons - A religious sect founded in upstate New York in 1830. Driven by persecution they headed west in 1846 and settled in a valley in Utah near the Great Salt Lake.

Hard Times for FarmersThe Grange - Originally founded in the fall of 1867 by Oliver

H. Kelley as a social and educational society for farmers, it became a major political force in the Midwest in the mid-1870s.

The Cattle KingdomThe Long Drive - The annual cattle drives of more than

1,000 miles from Texas to the Great Plains that started in 1866 and established the ranching industry in the West.

Mounting Problems for Native AmericansSand Creek Massacre - A massacre of some two hundred

Cheyenne Indians on November 29, 1864, in Colorado by a military outfit known as the Colorado Volunteers under Colonel John M. Chivington.

Cheyenne Chief

Wars on the PlainsBattle of Little Bighorn - Lt. Col. George A. Custer and the

Seventh Cavalry are wiped out by a force of Cheyenne, Sioux, and Arapaho warriors on June 25, 1876; hardens white attitudes toward Native Americans.

Sitting Bull and nephew One Bull

In Pursuit of a SolutionDawes Severalty Act - 1887 law that started the breakup of

reservations by offering Native Americans allotments of 160 acres of reservation land to encourage them to become independent farmers.

In Pursuit of a SolutionMassacre at Wounded Knee 1890 (Wavoka’s Message of

the Ghost Dance)