Vision& Urban&Food&Planning&in&Turin & and&around&EU&& · governance triangle, see Figure 1) with...
Transcript of Vision& Urban&Food&Planning&in&Turin & and&around&EU&& · governance triangle, see Figure 1) with...
Vision&&
Urban&Food&Planning&in&Turin&and&around&EU&&
Egidio&Dansero!Alessia'Toldo,'Giacomo'Pe0ena2'
University!of!Turin!Food!Atlas!project;!NTM!(Nutrire!Torino!Metropolitana)!
5th&Ea0ng&City&Summer&Campus&Gastronomy!Facing!Sustainability,!together!to!share!a!new!vision!of!
public!food!services.!
Egidio&Dansero:&short&bio • Degree!in!Economics,!PhD!in!Urban!and!Regional!Geography!!
• Full!prof.!Economic!&!PoliJcal!Geography,!other!courses:!InternaJonal!Development!CooperaJon;!Territorial!policies!and!sustainability!!
• University!of!Turin,!Dept.!Cultures,!PoliJcs,!Society!
Egidio&Dansero:&resumen • Delegado!del!Rector!a!la!Cooperación!Internacional!para!el!Desarrollo!(coordinador!del!proyecto!!UniCoo!)!
• Delegado!del!Rector!a!la!Sostenibilidad!Ambiental!de!la!Universidad!(coordinador!de!Green!Office!de!la!Universidad!de!Turín,!UniToGO)!www.green.unito.it!
Journal!of!UNiversity!and!development!COoperaJon!(JUNCO)!!!hSp://www.ojs.unito.it/index.php/junco!!
!
Egidio&Dansero:&resumen • Presidente!de!la!carrera!en!Ciencias!Internacional!de!lo!Desarrollo!y!Cooperación!!
• Director!de!la!Maestría!en!GesJón!de!Desarrollo!en!colaboración!con!le!CIFVOIT!(Turin!School!of!Development)!
Egidio&Dansero:&resumen • DireSore!del!Centro!interdiparJmentale!di!ricerca!di!Studi!Urbani!e!sugli!evenJ!OMERO!www.omero.unito.it!
• Coordinador!del!proyecto!Atlas!de!la!comida!de!Turín!metropolitana!!
!!!• CoVPresidente!de!la!VII!InternaJonal!Conference!Localizing!Food!Planning:!Farming!CiJes,!Performing!Rurality,!organized!by!the!Sustainable!Food!Planning!network,!AESOP!(AssociaJon!of!European!Schools!of!Planning)!hSp://www.aesoptorino2015.it!
Research&fields • AlternaJve!food!geography,!AFN,!urban!food!policies,!urban!food!systems!!
• Sustainability,!local!development,!green!economy,!territory!and!ecoVrestructuring!process!(i.e.!texJle!industry!and!districts,!smart!ciJes)!;!
• MegaVevents,!Olympics,!territorial!transformaJons!and!local!development;!
• Development!coVoperaJon,!territorial!analysis!and!local!development!(i.e.!in!the!Sahel)!
• Environmental!and!territorial!conflicts;!• Industrial!heritage!valorisaJon!processes!and!policies,!derelict!sites!regeneraJon!and!local!development!in!old!industrial!regions!and!ciJes;!
• Various:!!• Environmental!issues!geographical!descripJon!and!cartographic!representaJon;!!• ICT,!urban!and!regional!planning,!parJcipaJve!mapping,!crowdmapping;!• !University!and!the!city,!University!Campus!sustainability!
!
Specific&issues
• AFN:!an!interdisciplinary!assessment!(environmental,!sociological,!economic!and!territorial!perspecJve)!:!Territoriality!and!proximity!in!AFN!(Turin!and!Piedmont!
• Food!actors,!food!movements!(Slow!Food,!GAS,!urban!gardeners…)!internaJonal!NGOs!engaged!in!Turin:!pracJsing!food!suveraignity!!
• Researches!in!Italy!(Piedmont!and!Turin)!Búsquedas!en!Italia!(Piemonte!y!Turín,!en!parJcular)!
• In!Senegal,!Burkina!Faso,!Kenya,!Morocco;!ArgenJna,!Brezil!(UniCoo!mobility!project)!
• Urban!food!policies!and!analysis!of!urban!food!systems!
Why&we&arrived&to&focus&on&Urban&food&policy?
A!comparaJve!perspecJve!from!different!research!experiences:!• Agroecological!networks!and!ANT!(with!Brazilian!collegues,!Paranà)!!• Analysis!of!“Food!community!model”!by!Slow!Food!in!Africa!(4C4D!project)!and!of!environmental!,social,!economic!and!territorial!impact!of!Slow!Food!“presidium”!!
• Enlarging!che!concept!of!Food!community!to!an!urban!scale.!How!a!territorial!insJtuJonal!(as!the!City!of!Turin)!can!be!considered!as!a!“food!community”.!!
• Urban!dynamics!in!Turin:!from!the!fordist!one!company!town!to!the!Olympic!city,!postVfordism!(images!and!rhetorics!of!a!city!sustainable,!resilient,!creaJve,!smart,!of!social!innovaJon!…!
Urban&food&policies:&what%are%we%speaking%about? • Pionieer!experiences!in!North!America!(Toronto,!Vancouver…)!and!UK!(Bristol…)!
• !!• Main!issues!(in!the!pioneer!ciJes):!fighJng!obesity!,!food!deserts!
• ReflecJons!about!responsability!and!potenJal!role!of!the!the!city!to!orient!the!food!system,!in!an!urbanizing!world!!
7
Trends in urbanization
Globally, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas. In 2007, for the first time in history, the global urban population exceeded the global rural population, and the world population has remained predominantly urban thereafter (figure 2). The planet has gone through a process of rapid urbanization over the past six decades. In 1950, more than two-thirds (70 per cent) of people worldwide lived in rural settlements and less than one-third (30 per cent) in urban settlements. In 2014, 54 per cent of the world’s population is urban. The urban population is expected to continue to grow, so that by 2050, the world will be one-third rural (34 per cent) and two-thirds urban (66 per cent), roughly the reverse of the global rural-urban population distribution of the mid-twentieth century (also see Annex Table I).
Figure 2.Urban and rural population of the world, 1950–2050
20502045
20402035
20302025
20202015
20102005
20001995
19901985
19801975
19701965
19601955
Pop
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1950
Urban
Rural
Levels of urbanization vary greatly across regions. In 2014, high levels of urbaniza-tion, at or above 80 per cent, characterized Latin America and the Caribbean and North-ern America. Europe, with 73 per cent of its population living in urban areas, is expected to be over 80 per cent urban by 2050 (figure 3). Africa and Asia, in contrast, remain mostly rural, with 40 per cent and 48 per cent of their respective populations living in urban areas. Over the coming decades, the level of urbanization is expected to increase in all regions (also referred to as major areas), with Africa and Asia urbanizing faster than the rest. Nevertheless, these two regions, which are projected to reach 56 and 64 per cent urban by mid-century, respectively, are still expected to be less urbanized than other regions of the world.
A majority of the world’s population lives in urban areas
Food arrives on our plates as if by magic, and we rarely stop to wonder how it might have got there.
Carolyn Steel, Hungry City, 2006
The&food&system:&A&stranger&to&the&planning&field
• Despite!the!existenJal!significance!of!eaJng,!the!food!system!has!been!strangely!neglected!in!urban!studies!unJl!quite!recently!V!Pothukuchi!K!and!Kaufman!J!(2000)!
• Urban!planning!has!afforded!most!all!the!aspects:!land,!mobility,!environment,!commercial!and!social!services,!Jme...!but!not!food...!Managed!by!the!market...!Even!if!local!authoriJes!and!civil!society!has!an!important!role!
Urban&food&system:&too&big&to&see
The&urban&food&quesGon& !
• how!to!feed!ciJes!in!a!just,!sustainable!and!culturally!appropriated!manner!in!the!face!of!looming!climate!change,!widening!inequality!and!burgeoning!world!hunger!
• MulJfuncJonal!character:!not!only!a!narrow!nutriJonal!agenda,!but!food!is!viewed,!valued!and!used!in!society!through!different!faces!of!a!prism:!social,!economic,!ecologica,!cultural,!poliJcal,!sexual,!spaJal…!
Morgan!(2014)!Nourishing'the'city:'The'rise'of'the'urban'food'ques2on'in'the'Global'North''
A&space&of&convergence&between&different&formaGons&and&approaches:&scholars,&experts,&pracGGoners,&public&officers…&on& • Rural!development!• Food!movements,!social!networks,!economics!of!solidarity!…!
• Urban!processes!and!policies!• Food!system!!
Urban&food&policies&(strategies,&planning)
• a!process!consisJng!of!how!a!city!envisions!change!in!its!food!system,!and!how!it!strives!towards!this!change”!(Moragues!et!al.,!2013).!!
!• a!new!public!arena!where!local!and!supraVlocal!actors!develop!and!implement!a!new!type!of!policy!concerning!food,!experimenJng!new!models!and!scales!of!governance!of!the!food!system!(Mount,!2012).!.!
• UFPs!set!food!as!a!core!subject!in!the!public!poliJcal!agenda,!capitalising!exisJng!experiences!and!pracJces,!creaJng!networks!among!different!groups!of!stakeholders,!with!the!aim!of!having!sustainable,!resilient!and!fair!food!systems!and!creaJng!new!spaces!of!deliberaJon,!involving!different!actors!(Moragues!Faus!et!al,!2013).!!
Food&in&urban&studies:&different&perspecGves&(Morgan,&2014)
• Urban&planning:&re;discovering&the&food&system&• !integrated!approach!between!procedural!and!substanJve!skills:!a!new!urban!food!planning!movement!(conJnuos!producJve!urban!landscapes;!healthy!urban!planning…)!
• Urban&poli0cal&ecology:ℜnaturing&the&city,&exposing&unjust&landscapes&
• !UPE!ideal!medium!through!which!urban!theory!could!learn!to!reVconnect!to!something!essenJal!as!water,!namely!food.!Food!must!be!the!big!thing!(Keil,!2005)!
• Community&food&security:ℜaffirming&the&right&to&food&(jus0ce)&• !just!urban!food!systems:!to!render!the!food!visible!in!the!urban!poliJcal!realm:!connect!the!community!food!security!to!healthy!urban!planning!and!urban!poliJcal!ecology!
Urban&Food&Strategies&and&Resilience&A&resilient&urban&system&for&ICLEI • to'be'diverse:'in!biodiversity,!cultural!diversity,!!agricultural!models,!spaces!of!producJon!and!consumpJon!
• to'be'distributed:!through!the!interconnecJon!of!places!of!producJon!and!consumpJon,!centrally!and!peripherally,!verJcally!and!horizontally!
• to'be'natural:'a!resilient!system!should!have!a!minimum!environmental!footprint!and!contribute!to!a!beSer!management!of!natural!resources.!!
• to'be'innova2ve:'social!and!technological!innovaJon!are'fundamental!for!the!resilience!of!the!food!system!and!its!flows!and!networks!
• to'be'social:'a!food!system!cannot!be!resilient!without!being!just!
• to'be'inclusive:'with!the!acJve!involvement!of!public!and!private!actors!
• ! hSp://resilientVciJes.iclei.org/bonn2013/program/urbanVfoodVsystemsVforum/resilientVurbanVfoodVsystemsVinVbrief/!
!
Figure:!foodVrelated!!pracJces!in!relaJon!with!the!four!spheres!of!urban!resilience!(CSIRO!et!al,!2007)!!
Food!is!an!INTEGRATIVE&CONCEPT&&linking!different!public!domains!and!policy!objecJves.!
Food!is!a!COMMODITY&or!a!CARRIER&OF&
CALORIES,!nutrients,!vitamins,!
proteins,!etc.!
NEW&FOOD&EQUATION&
Hypermodern!food!geography! AlternaJve!food!geography!
Growing! globalizaJon! of! the!agriVfood! producJon! chain,!s tandar Vd i zaJon! of! food!producJon! and! processing!through! g lobal ly! appl ied!producJon,! processing! and!distribuJon!
V Downward!pressure!on!farm!family!income!V Environmental!polluJon!and!ecological!
degradaJon!;!V Loss!of!organolepJc!quality!and!diversity;!V Consumers’!uncertainty!about!and!distrust!
in!food;!V Health!problems:!obesity,!malnutriJonn!
!!
Hypermodern&food&geography&
Alterna0ve&food&geography&Integrated!and!territorial!agriVfood!paradigm.&
&(Wiskerke,!On'Places'Lost'and'Place'Regained:'Reflec2on'on'the'Alterna2ve'Food'Geography'and'Sustainable'Regional'Development,!2009)!
the deliberate intention to create alterity (or otherness) in the food system and toproduce change in the ‘modes of connectivity’ between the production and con-sumption of food, generally through reconnecting food to the social, cultural andenvironmental context of its production. (Kirwan, 2004:395)
Another dimension is the rising relation between the public sector and the regional foodmarket. By relocalizing, greening and moralizing public sector food procurement the gov-ernment and (semi-) public bodies such as hospitals, schools and prisons have the capacityto deliver health and sustainability objectives: nutritious meals for patients and schoolchildren, enhance regional employment in the food sector, reduce food miles and CO2
emission, etc (Morgan, 2006; Morgan & Sonnino, 2008). The third dimension of thealternative food geography I discern are urban food strategies, i.e. the active role ofcities and metropolitan regions as food policy makers. For decades food policy was con-sidered to be the responsibility of the state (or even the supranational state if we considerthe EU’s Common Agricultural Policy as a form of food policy), implying that cities arenew actors with regard to food policy design and implementation. Although urban foodstrategies differ from city to city, the common denominator is the intention to connectand create synergies between different public domains, such as public health, education,social cohesion, environmental protection, employment and quality of life.The alternative food geography is thus — through its constituting emergent fields of
AFNs, relocalized public food procurement and urban food strategies — characterizedby new relations between the state/public sector, the market and civil society (i.e. thegovernance triangle, see Figure 1) with key roles for new actors and actor constellations(e.g. urban consumer groups, new producers’ collectives, city and regional governments,
Figure 1. The integrated and territorial mode of food governance.
376 J.S.C. Wiskerke
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The&integrated&and&territorial&mode&of&food&governance&(Wiskerke,!2009)!
Networks&and&internaGonal&projects& • FAO!–!Food!for!ciJes!iniJaJve!(2001):!facilitaJng!communicaJon!
and!sharing!knowledge!between!different!actors!acJve!at!the!global!level!in!the!different!local!context;!!
• FAO!+!RUAF,!HIC,!ICLEI,!IUFN!are!promoJng!the!City!Region!Food!System!approach!www.cityregionfoodsystems.org.!
• Sustainable!Food!Planning!V!AESOPhSp://www.aesopVplanning.eu/blogs/en_GB/sustainableVfoodVplanning.!
• Sustainable!food!ciJes!network!(2011,!UK!46!localiJes)!hSp://sustainablefoodciJes.org!
• Milan!Urban!Food!Policy!Pact!(2015V10V15,!145!ciJes)!hSp://www.milanurbanfoodpolicypact.org!
Sustainable&Food&CiGes&Network&(UK) • Born!in!2011!• to!promote!peerVtoVpeer!learning!and!knowledgeVexchange!between!localiJes!that!are!commiSed!to!embedding!healthy!and!sustainable!food!into!policy!
• 46!localiJes!partner,!among!which!
• !Birmingham,!Bristol,!Cardiff,!Glasgow,!Leeds,!Liverpool,!London,!Manchester!and!greater!Manchester,!Sheffield…!
Sustainable&Food&CiGes&Network&(UK)& 3Ps&• Establishing!an!effecJve!crossVsector!Food!Partnership!• Embedding!healthy!and!sustainable!food!in!Policy&!• Developing!and!delivering!a!food!strategy!and!AcJon!Plan&
Developing&indicators&&• measure!the!posiJve!impacts!of!developing!sustainable!food!strategies!and!acJon!plans!at!a!local!level.!!
Key&issues&!1.!PromoJng!healthy!and!sustainable!food!to!the!public!2.!Tackling!food!poverty,!dietVrelated!ill!health!and!access!to!affordable!healthy!food!3.!Building!community!food!knowledge,!skills,!resources!and!projects!4.!PromoJng!a!vibrant!and!diverse!sustainable!food!economy!5.!Transforming!catering!and!food!procurement!6.!Reducing!waste!and!the!ecological!footprint!of!the!food!system!
Sustainable&Food&CiGes&Network&(UK)&
A!possible!posiJve!heritage!
The MUFPP (134 cities, now 140)!
The MUFPP in Europe
The way forward Raising Awarness!
Annual gathering 2017 !!
MUFPP Award 2017!!
Political commitment!
MUFPP Secretariat!!
MUFPP Steering committee!
!
Monitoring!framework!(FAO)!!
Food!Networks!Alliance!!
MUFPP Supporters!
Actions!
Relocalization and re-moralization
Increasing&the"e&of&food&locally&produced&
Assure&food&security&and&food&rights&&Assure&equity&along&the&overall&food&chain&
Civil society!SDGs, New Urban Agenda
Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
TOP DOWN POLICIES! BOTTOM UP POLICIES
Toronto, Vancouver, Ottawa, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Detroit, Seattle, Malmo, Edimburgo, Glasgow, Rotterdam, Utrecht, Amsterdam, Bristol, London, Islington, Brighton&Howe, Bradford, Edmonton, Pisa, Calgary, Belo Horizonte, Oakland, Haringey, Copenhagen, Milano… TORINO!
Canada Stati Uniti Inghilterra
Scozia Svezia Olanda
Danimarca Brasile
Cina …
Italia !
2. PANORAMICA INTERNAZIONALE DELLE INIZIATIVE ALIMENTARI URBANE
PROGETTI Città che hanno promosso iniziative settoriali ANALISI Città che hanno sviluppato analisi ed interpretazioni del loro sistema alimetnare urbano POLITICHE / STRATEGIE Città che hanno sviluppato politiche integrate e strategie generali FOOD COUNCIL Città che hanno costruito un mandato istituzionale per un consiglio del cibo per supportare, implemntare, monitorare gli effetti delle iniziative alimentari.
Map&of&urban&food&policies&by&kind&and&level&of&ac0vi0es&&(Està,!CaloriVMagarini,!2015)!!!!!!!!!!!!!
CiJes!with!sectoral!acJviJes!!
CiJes!with!analysis!and!interpretaJon!of!their!urban!food!systemy!
CiJes!that!developed!integrated!policies!and!integrated!strategies!
CiJes!with!an!insJtuJonal!commitment!towards!a!Food!Council!to!support,!implement!and!monitor!the!effects!of!food!policies!and!iniJaJves!
Food chart
URBAN FOOD
PLANNING
6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI
6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI
6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI
6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI
URBAN FOOD
PLANNING
Food chart
Food system analysis
6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI
6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI
6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI
6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI
Food chart
URBAN FOOD
PLANNING
Food chart
Food system analysis
Participation
URBAN FOOD
PLANNING
Food chart
Food system analysis
Participation
Strategy
sostenibile
STRATEGIA del CIBO
6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI
URBAN FOOD
PLANNING
Food chart
Food system analysis
Participation
Strategy
Ordinary manage
ment
URBAN FOOD
PLANNING
Food chart
Food system analysis
Participation
Strategy
Ordinary manage
ment
Structure/mission
URBAN FOOD
PLANNING
Food chart
Food system analysis
Participation
Strategy
Ordinary manage
ment
Structure/mission
Vancouver&Food&Strategy
The City of Vancouver is committed to a just and sustainable food system that: • contributes to the economic, ecological, and social well-being of our city and region • encourages personal, business and government food practices that foster local production and protect our natural and human resources • recognizes access to safe, sufficient, culturally appropriate and nutritious food as a basic human right for all Vancouver residents • reflects the dialogue between the community, government, and all sectors of the food system, and • celebrates Vancouver’s multicultural food traditions.
Vancouver&Food&Strategy& The City of Vancouver defines a just and sustainable food system as one in which food production, processing, distribution , consumption and waste management are integrated to enhance the environmental, economic, social and nutritional well-being of our city and its residents
Vancouver&Food&Strategy& 1. Community economic development Locally-based food systems enhance
Vancouver’s economy. Greater reliance on local food systems strengthens our local and regional economies, creates employment, and increases food security.
2. Ecological health A whole-system approach to food protects our natural resources, reduces and redirects food waste, and contributes to the environmental stability and well-being of our local, regional, and global communities.
3. Social justice Food is a basic human right. All residents need accessible, affordable, healthy, and culturally appropriate food. Children in particular require adequate amounts of nutritious food for normal growth and learning.
4. Collaboration and participation Sustainable food systems encourage civic engagement, promote responsibility, and strengthen communities. Community food security improves when local government collaborates with community groups, businesses, and other levels of government on sound food system planning, policies and practices.
5. Celebration Sharing food is a fundamental human experience. Food brings people together in celebrations of community and diversity.
Vancouver Food
Strategy
Healthy City
Strategy Economic
Development Plan
Transportation Plan
Social Infrastructure
Plan
Community Planning
Greenest City
Action Plan
Housing & Homeless Strategy
IntegraGng&tools&and&policies&
&&Urban&Food&Strategy
Which&territory&for&urban&food&policies
• Beyond!administraJve!borders!• Local!food!system;!local!system!of!food!
• Some!concepts!• Food!mile!• Foodshed!• Bioregion!• City!region!food!systems!
The!geographical!area!from!which!the!foods!marketed!and!consumed!in!a!parJcular!context!come!from!(Hedden,!1929:!How'great'ci2es'are'fed?)!
What’s now going on in Turin?
PopulaJon!• Turin’s!municipality!:!
900.000!• ProvinceVmetropolitan!
city:2.300.000!• Metropolitan!area!IVII!
ring:!1.700.000!
21 GENNAIO 2015
CLASSE DIPOPOLAZIONE ZONA N.
ZONAN.
COMUNIPOPOLAZIONE
(ISTAT2011) KMQ
Comune Capoluogo
TORINO 1 1 869.312 130
> 200.000 < 300.000
AMT Sud 3 18 264.124 388
AMT Ovest 2 11 225.202 173< 300.000 AMT Ovest 2 11 225.202 173
> 120.000 < 200.000
AMT Nord 4 7 133.869 174
Pinerolese 5 45 132.429 1.301
Chierese - Carmagnolese 11 23 130.593 467
Valli Susa e Sangone 6 43 114.165 1.279
> 80.000 < 120.000
Ciriacese - Valli di Lanzo 7 40 100.657 972
Chivassese 10 23 98.177 414
Eporediese 9 59 90.885 553
Canavese Occidentale 8 45 83.969 970
TOTALE 11 315 2.243.382 6.821
Al fine di risalire ad un quadro quanto più completo edesaustivo dei processi di antropizzazione, la Provinciadi Torino si è dotata di cartografie storiche tra le qualifosse possibile una comparazione.
La cartografia disponibile ha consentito la realizza-zione di un'analisi diacronica lungo un arco tempo-rale di quasi due secoli. A partire dalle carte degliStati Sardi, risalenti ad un periodo compreso tra il1816 ed il 1830, attraverso la «visione» di livelli tem-porali intermedi rappresentati dalla serie delle carteIGM del 1880, del 1920 e del 1960, si arriva all'ela-borazione dei dati desunti dalla Carta Tecnica
7
Il metodo
Turin:!1816!
Land&use&transformaGons…1820\2000
The!Province!of!Turin:!the!new!“CiSà!metropolitana”:!2.250!million!inhab.!6800!km2!
Land&use&transformaGons&…1990\2006&\&AMT
Fonte:!GoSero,!Agricoltura!metropolitana,!Torino!2016!!
E. Gottero – Agricoltura metropolitana
46
Fig. 20 – Aree coinvolte da cambiamenti di uso del suolo tra il 2000 e il 2012 (Elaborazione cartografica dell’autore su dati geografici CLC, III livello)
Fig. 21 – Uso e copertura del suolo al 2000 (Elaborazione cartografica dell’autore su dati geografici CLC, III livello)
Fig. 22 – Uso e copertura del suolo al 2012 (Elaborazione cartografica dell’autore su dati geografici CLC, III livello)
Tab. 7 – Tasso di variazione dell’uso del suolo nel periodo tra il 2000 e il 2012 (Elaborazione dell’autore su dati numerici e spaziali CLC, III livello) Descrizione Superficie 2000 (ha) Superficie 2012 (ha) Tasso di variazione (%)
Zone urbanizzate 22569.03 24595.04 8.98 Aree verdi urbane 925.15 1234.76 33.47 Aree sportive e ricreative 276.18 321.9 16.55 Aree agricole 50037.86 48591.59 -2.89 Boschi di latifoglie e conifere 10437.89 9233.46 -11.54 Aree a vegetazione boschiva e arbustiva in evoluzione 54.8 459.71 738.89
The&territorial&context&
! !InsJtuJonal!transiJon!towards!the!ci0à'metropolitana'(pop.!2.3!millions)!
! !Strict!relaJonships!with!Milan!and!with!France!
! !Cultural!and!funcJonal!with!the!Alps!and!the!producJve!countryside!of!Piedmont!
A!changing!city,!towards!a!new!urban!image!
The&territorial&context&
! Strong!tradiJon!of!gastronomy!and!food!producJon!! Food!is!a!material!and!symbolic!strategic!asset!of!the!postVindustrial!city!! Powerful!actors!of!food!sector!(cultural!and!economic)!! Strong!presence!of!open!air!markets!! Strong!commitment!of!public!authoriJes!on!food!issues!
The&territorial&context&
• Turin!as!a!“food!capital”!(usual!autoVpromoJon!in!urban!markeJng!+!a!capital!syndrome).!Food'capital'of'the'luxury'food?'
• Many!strenght!points!and!excellence!• Diffuse!food!culture!!• Many!iniJaJves!publicVprivateVthirld!sector!along!the!overall!food!cycle!
Conclusion&(of&communicaGon&in&Montpellier&2013):&A¶dox&1&
• But!there!was!no!strategic!vision!about!food,!even!if!it!was!present!in!city!promoJon!and!in!tourist!experience!
• There!were!many!discourses!about!Food,!many!important!actors,!from!radical!AFN!to!convenJonal!FN!
• Producing!space!(poliJcal,!cultural,!representaJonal)!for!urban'food'policies!
!
Conclusion&(of&communicaGon&in&Montpellier&2013):&A¶dox&2&
ATLANTE&del&CIBO&di&TORINO&METROPOLITANA&
TURIN&Food&Planning&
Farmers’&markets&
Solidarity;based&
purchasing&groups&
Food&Waste&projects&
Good practices already exist!
Food&public&
procurement&
Urban&gardens&
Food&hubs&
…&
Scale& Extension&of&local&system&of&food&
Jurisdic0on&scale&
Produced&scale&
Micro!
Local!!Metropolitan!!Megapolitan/Regional!NaJonal!/InternaJonal!
The&naGonal&scale&&&&&Italian%regional%diversity%%%%–%%%%and%na9onal%discourses
Theµ\local&scale&&&&&
Urban&garden&
In!Turin!you!will!find!the!largest!openVair!fruit!and!vegetable!market!in!Europe.!Full!of!life,!the!bustling!market!starts!in!the!morning!(around!8am)!and!goes!on!unJl!2pm.!This!is!where!the!locals!go!to!buy!their!weekly!food!shopping,!and!a!great!place!to!soak!up!the!Italian!atmosphere.!Selling!seasonal!fruits!and!vegetables!by!the!kilo,!you!can!easily!buy!a!whole!week!of!greens!for!€6,!and!it’s!the!perfect!place!to!put!together!a!cheap!pic!nic!lunch!before!heading!over!to!one!of!the!parks!nearby.!
hSp://www.aswetravel.com/turinVitalysVforgoSenVfoodVcapital/!
Europe’s&&(maybe)&Largest&Open;Air&Market&
The&local\regional&scale&&&&& Street&markets;direct&selling&;farmer&markets&
AFN&in&Piedmont®ion
Piedmont’s!agriculture!can!be!divided!into!different!sectors:!!• commodi2es,!characterized!by!poorly!differenJated,!intensive!and!localized!mainly!in!the!plain!(mostly!caSle!and!cereals);!!• regionalized'produc2ons,!produced!and!consumed!within!the!regional!market!(mostly!fresh!vegetables)!!• special2es,!highly!territorialized!!producJon,!owen!subject!to!cerJficaJon!quality!(such!as!wine,!meat,!cheese);!• marginal'produc2ons'located!in!the!mountain!areas!!!!!
In!the!last!years,!within!the!Italian!context!Piedmont!is!recognized!as!one!of!the!most!“quality!oriented”!territory!of!food!
88!
Langhe:&an&eno;gastronomic&specialized&cultural&district&
Piedmont’s&AFNs:&other&experiences
80&farmer&markets& 1.000&farms&involved&in&direct&selling&(mostly&fresh&and&cheese)&&
106&GAS&(box&schemes)&&
6!
How&much&food&Turin&needs&every&day?
Which&territory&for&Urban&food&policies?&A&polycentric&territorial&system&
ATLANTE&del&CIBO&di&TORINO&METROPOLITANA&
Turin’s&green&belt&project&
Which&territory&for&Urban&food&policies?&A&mul0&and&transcalar&system&
&
ATLANTE&del&CIBO&di&TORINO&METROPOLITANA&
Beyond&urban&compe00on…&a&new&space&for&…&urban&coopera0on!
Food!Atlas!project!and!process!
Actors!by!Turin!food!system!
280&actors&(involved!in!the!3!quoted!processes)!
Feeding&Metropolitan&Turin&
V 3'mee2ngs,'240'actors'V (feb–'june'2015)'
Torino!Strategica!!Green&
Infrastructure&W'
Torino& Smile& (acJon:!food&city)!5'mee2ngs,'30'actors'
(febWmay'2013)'
Torino!Strategica!Torino&Food&Capital&
(Food&City)&&W'4'mee2ngs,'40'actors'(marchWsept'2014)'
Selected'actors'by'different'domain'of'
food'system'
Food!Assembly!
(Dec.&2015)!Dear&Project&“Smart&food&communi0es”&
Visio
ns!and
!!governance!
prop
osals!
Projects!and
!processess!for!
anim
aJng!and
!organizing!
food
!actors!in!Turin
!!
2me'
InterinsJtuJonal!coordinaJon!group!
PrivateVpublic!coordinaJon!group!
Food!Commission!Food&Agenda&
Metropol.&Turin&MUFPP&–&right&to&food,/prac0ces&
Actors&performing&Urban&Food&Policies&in&Turin
Turin!Municipality!&!municipaliJes!(I!&!II!ring)!
Metropolitan!City!
Region!
MUFFP!
Universi0es&&&&research¢res&
UniTO!
PoliTO!UniSG!(Pollenzo)!
Chambers&of&Commerce…& Founda0on&and&
Saving&Banks&
Food&market&big&players&V!Lavazza,!Eataly!GDO…!V!Coop,!Ferrero…!
Food&movements&V Slow'Food'V GasTorinoVDES!V Consumers!mov.!V NGOs…!V Urban!gardeners..!
Torino'Strategica'
Food&organiza0on&V!Coldirex,!Federestaurants…!
Media&V Food!journalism!V Cinemambiente!V ….!Ires,!Ipla,!
Zooprof,!IUC..!
Local&governments&
NTM!
Regional'natural'parks'
Food'Commission'
Food'events'W'Terra'Madre'Salone'del'gusto….'Food!
Atlas!
Smart'Food'Communi2es'
Food&Agenda&Process&strategic%food%items& 1. &EDUCATION&and&TRAINING!2.&INFORMATION&and&KNOWLEDGE!3.&DISTRIBUTION&and&LOGISTIC&PLATFORMS!4.&PUBLIC&PROCUREMENT!5.&SIMPLIFICATION!6.&PREMIUM&to&QUALITY!7.&TERRITORIAL&PLANNING!8.&NEW&FOOD&GOVERNANCE!
Toward the Atlante del Cibo di Torino Metropolitana
hmps://versolatlantedelcibo.wordpress.com/&
Polito&
Unito&
UniSG&
www.atlantedelcibo.it
First!results!
Produzione&di&fruma&e&ortaggi&nella&Torino&Metropolitana&&(da0&Anagrafe&Agricola,&Regione&Piemonte&2016)&Frutta
• 2.287 imprese agricole, pari al 15,9% delle aziende agricole
• superficie coltivazione 2.995 ha, 1,5% della SAU
• suddivisione della superficie per varietà: Kiwi 23% Melo 19,6% Nocciolo 16,5% Castagno 14,4% Orticole • 2.000 imprese agricole su una superficie di 2.000
ha • superficie per varietà: Zucchine e zucche 200 ha Patate 197 ha Insalate 130 ha Peperoni 125 ha Cavoli e verze 82 ha
Distribuzione'della'superficie'col2vata'a'fru0a'e'col2vazioni'
prevalen2'nei'comuni'della'Ci0à'metropolitana'(fonte:'Regione'
Piemonte,'2016)''
I distretti del cioccolato e del caffè (dati CCIAA, 2016)
Cioccolato • 72 imprese, 66% del totale piemontese • 44 imprese nel Comune di Torino e
14 nella prima cintura • 48 microimprese, 18 piccole
imprese, 3 medie e 3 grandi imprese oltre i 100 addetti.
• Oltre 1.500 addetti Caffè • 49 imprese, di cui 18 a Torino • 50% è la crescita del numero di
imprese dal 2001 al 2016 • quasi 1800 addetti su un totale nazionale
di oltre 7000 addetti • Oltre 8000 bar a Torino, 1 ogni 103
abitanti ! Curiosità: la prima macchina del caffè espresso viene presentata nel 1884 dal suo inventore Torinese Angelo Moriondo
!!!&!!
Le forme della distribuzione: GDO, PDO, negozi di vicinato,mercati, farmers’ market e GAS (daJ!CCIAA,!2016;!MISE!2016,!PROGETTO!AFNIA,!2016)!
GDO - 55 centri commerciali medi e 57 grandi - 29 ipermercati (+38% dal 2001), 366 (+
127% dal 2001) supermercati, 224 minimercati (+148% dal 2001)
Negozi alimentari di vicinato 8.881 negozi nella Città Metropolitana Mercati - 363 con 17.093 banchi alimentari nella
Città Metropolitana - Solo a Torino 42 mercati giornalieri, 38
banchi di produttori - 366 banchi alimentari a Porta Palazzo
Farmers’ market - 70 nella Città Metropolitana - 15 a Torino e prima cintura
GAS - 121 nella Città Metropolitana, di cui 73 a Torino, 21 in prima cintura, 12 in seconda cintura !!&
!!!&!!
!Il!99,2%&della&popolazione&vive&in&un&comune&con!almeno&un&esercizio&commerciale&alimentare&!
Distribuzione'dei'merca2'a'Torino''(fonte:'Ci0à'di'Torino,'2016!
La trasformazione e la specializzazione “alimentare” di San Salvario
I!3!loghi!dei!3!atenei!
291 esercizi di somministrazione alimentare in un quadrato di 400 m X 400 m
Il&sistema&alimentare&&di&Torino&Metropolitana&
186&Maestri!del!Gusto!
419!alpeggi!
13.500&aziende!cerealicole!
9!Presidi!Slow!Food!
1324&operatori!nel!biologico!
20&prodox!Arca!del!Gusto!
2,9%!SAU!produzione!biologica!
CAAT!88&grossisJ!e!58!produSori!
COMIT!16&operatori!
1.000&ha&superficie!viJvinicola!!&2184!aziende!
1591&ha&di!biologico!!in!conversione!
più!600&produmori&partecipano!!alle!AFN!di!Torino!
363&mercaJ!
212&Gas!
70&farmers’!market!
72&imprese!trasformazione!cacao!
49&imprese!trasformazione!caffè!
2.287&imprese!fruxcole!
2.000!imprese!orJcole!!
2,5&milioni&capi!avicoli!250000&capi!bovini!
125&ha&di!peperoni!oltre&100&sagre!!
Even0&enogastronomici!internazionali!
8!perimetrazioni!vini!DOC!!
circa&1.600&t.!al!giorno!!!cibo!consumato!!
circa&600&t.!di!ortofruSa!!consumate!quoJdianamente!!
circa&400&t.!al!giorno!!consumo!di!cereali!e!derivaJ!!
8&milioni&di!pasJ!annui!ristorazione!scolasJca!
36%&aziende!agricole!fanno!vendita!direSa!!
Industria!alimentare!9%&del!totale!
2193&imprese!alimentari!
133&imprese!lavorazione!carne!118&caseSe!dell’acqua!
1066&distributori!di!laSe!crudo!
120.000&ha&di!seminaJvi!
45.000&ha&di!!colture!permanenJ!
85.000&ha&di!praJ!e!pascoli!
1:4&!imprese!giovanili!opera!nel!seSore!alimentare!
imprese!agricole!!22%&giovanili!
1.451&imprese!prodox!da!forni!
13.500&aziende!cerealicole!
9!Presidi!Slow!Food!
1324&operatori!nel!biologico!
2,9%!SAU!produzione!biologica!
1.000!ha!superficie!viJvinicola!2184!aziende!
1591!ha!di!biologico!!in!conversione!
2.287&imprese!fruxcole!
2.000&imprese!orJcole!!
2,5&milioni&capi!avicoli!
250000&capi!bovini!
125&ha&di!peperoni!
8!perimetrazioni!vini!DOC!!
120.000&ha&di!seminaJvi!
85.000!ha!di!praJ!e!pascoli!
CAAT!88&grossisJ!e!58!produSori!
più!600&produmori&partecipano!!alle!AFN!di!Torino!
363&mercaJ!212&Gas!
70&farmers’!market!
36%&aziende!agricole!fanno!vendita!direSa!!
1066&distributori!di!laSe!crudo!
186&Maestri!del!Gusto!
20&prodox!Arca!del!Gusto!
COMIT!16&operatori!
72&imprese!!trasformazione!cacao!
49&imprese!trasformazione!caffè!
2193&imprese!alimentari!
1.451&imprese!prodox!da!forni!
circa&1.600&t.!al!giorno!!!cibo!consumato!!
circa&600&t.!di!ortofruSa!!consumate!quoJdianamente!!
circa&400&t.!al!giorno!!consumo!di!cereali!e!derivaJ!!
8&milioni&di!pasJ!annui!ristorazione!scolasJca!
Even0&enogastronomici!internazionali!
Criteria&to&evaluate&UFP&(Sonnino&&&Spade,&2014) • (a)&clarity!of!the!overall!vision&proposed!by!the!policies!under!construcJon.!Which!“food!system”!are!these!processes!aiming!at?!Which!are!the!aSributes!of!“food”!defined!as!desirable!by!the!actors!of!the!process?!
• (b)&adop0on&of&a&comprehensive!policy!approach.&Is!food!considered!during!its!whole!chain,!from!farm!to!fork!and!even!awer,!up!to!the!waste!bin?!
• (c)&an&explicitly&and&clearly&stated!need!for!change.&Is!this!need!explicitly!underscored!by!the!goals!of!the!food!strategy?!!
• (d)°ree&of&involvement!of!stakeholders.!What!is!the!extent!of!parJcipaJon!in!the!process?!How!many!and!which!stakeholders!are!involved!in!sharing!the!vision!of!the!future!urban!food!system?!
• (e)&the&presence&of&mechanisms!to!evaluate!and!monitor!progress.!Is!there!a!wellVdefined!system!to!evaluate!the!results!of!the!food!policy,!the!reVdefined!goals!and!the!implementaJon!acJons,!if!the!need!for!reformulaJon!should!arise?!
• (f)&the&capacity&to&harness&cultural!change!in!the!system.&Does!the!food!policy!seem!to!be!able!to!substanJally!change!the!way!food!is!produced,!distributed,!chosen!and!consumed!within!the!local!food!system?!