VISIONVISION

Poudre High SchoolPoudre High School

By:By:

Ben KirkBen Kirk

Accessory Structures of the EyeAccessory Structures of the Eye

Eyelids (Palpebrae): Windshield Eyelids (Palpebrae): Windshield wipers for the eyes. wipers for the eyes. – Lubricate and remove debriLubricate and remove debri

Lacrimal Caruncle: Produces night Lacrimal Caruncle: Produces night boogers.boogers.– Secreted so that the eyelids don’t stick Secreted so that the eyelids don’t stick

together.together.

Accessory Structures of the EyeAccessory Structures of the Eye

Conjunctiva: Epithelial layer Conjunctiva: Epithelial layer continuous with the inner layer of the continuous with the inner layer of the eye lideye lid

Accessory Structures of the EyeAccessory Structures of the Eye

Lacrimal Apparatus: production, Lacrimal Apparatus: production, distribution, and removal of tearsdistribution, and removal of tears– Lacrimal Gland: Superior and lateral to Lacrimal Gland: Superior and lateral to

the eyethe eyeReleases tears using tear ductReleases tears using tear duct

– Lacrimal Canals: Tube by which tears Lacrimal Canals: Tube by which tears are removed from the eye and enter the are removed from the eye and enter the Lacrimal SacLacrimal Sac

Accessory Structures of the EyeAccessory Structures of the Eye

Lacrimal Apparatus:Lacrimal Apparatus:– Nasolacrimal Duct: Cavity that connects Nasolacrimal Duct: Cavity that connects

lacrimal sacs to the nasal cavitylacrimal sacs to the nasal cavitySwallow or blow out all lacrimal secretionsSwallow or blow out all lacrimal secretions

Eye Diseases, injuries, etc…Eye Diseases, injuries, etc…

Sty: Infection of sebaceous glands of Sty: Infection of sebaceous glands of eyelashes (very painful)eyelashes (very painful)

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Damage to Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Damage to and irritation of the conjunctivitisand irritation of the conjunctivitis

Anatomy of the EyeAnatomy of the Eye

General Facts:General Facts:– Approximately 1 inch in diameterApproximately 1 inch in diameter– Approximately 8 g in weightApproximately 8 g in weight

Eye AnatomyEye Anatomy

Posterior/Vitreous Chamber:Posterior/Vitreous Chamber:– Filled with vitreous humor (gel like Filled with vitreous humor (gel like

consistency)consistency)– Used to maintain shape of the eye and Used to maintain shape of the eye and

hold retina in placehold retina in place

Eye AnatomyEye Anatomy

Anterior Chamber:Anterior Chamber:– Separated from posterior chamber by Separated from posterior chamber by

iris and cilliary bodiesiris and cilliary bodies– Filled with Aqueous Humor (water like Filled with Aqueous Humor (water like

consistency)consistency)– Function: circulation of nutrients and Function: circulation of nutrients and

wastes as well as eyeball wastes as well as eyeball structure/shapestructure/shape

Layers of the EyeLayers of the Eye

Fibrous Tunic: Tough outer layer for Fibrous Tunic: Tough outer layer for protection and muscle attachmentprotection and muscle attachment– Sclera: White of the eyeSclera: White of the eye

Connective tissue where all extrinsic Connective tissue where all extrinsic muscles attach.muscles attach.

– Cornea: Continuous with scleraCornea: Continuous with scleraFibers are arranged to allow light passage Fibers are arranged to allow light passage

(Cornea appears clear)(Cornea appears clear)No blood vessels, very hard to repair No blood vessels, very hard to repair

Layers of the EyeLayers of the Eye

Vascular Tunic: Middle LayerVascular Tunic: Middle Layer– Iris: Colored region of the eyeIris: Colored region of the eye

Muscles that regulate pupil sizeMuscles that regulate pupil size

– Pupil: Opening in the center of the irisPupil: Opening in the center of the iris– Ciliary Body: Mass of muscle connected Ciliary Body: Mass of muscle connected

to the lens to change its shapeto the lens to change its shape– Choroid: Layer of blood vessels that Choroid: Layer of blood vessels that

separates the fibrous and neural tunics separates the fibrous and neural tunics posterior to the ciliary bodies.posterior to the ciliary bodies.

Layers of the EyeLayers of the Eye

Neural Tunic: The RetinaNeural Tunic: The Retina– Photoreceptors: Rods and ConesPhotoreceptors: Rods and Cones

Rods: Light detection (night vision)Rods: Light detection (night vision)Cones: Color DetectionCones: Color Detection

– Fovea: Focal point of all imagesFovea: Focal point of all imagesHighest concentration of conesHighest concentration of cones

– Optic Disk: Where optic nerve and Optic Disk: Where optic nerve and blood vessels leave the vitreous blood vessels leave the vitreous chamberchamberBlind SpotBlind Spot

The Lens:The Lens:– Focuses image on retinaFocuses image on retina– Physically changes shape Physically changes shape

Lens AbnormalitiesLens Abnormalities

Cataracts: Lens becomes cloudyCataracts: Lens becomes cloudy Glaucoma: Increased fluid pressure Glaucoma: Increased fluid pressure

inside the eye, pinching the optic inside the eye, pinching the optic nervenerve

Myopia: NearsightednessMyopia: Nearsightedness– Eyeball is too deepEyeball is too deep

Hyperopia: FarsightednessHyperopia: Farsightedness– Eyeball is too shallowEyeball is too shallow

GlaucomaGlaucoma

MyopiaMyopia

http://www.tehranlasik.com/images/myopia.jpg

HyperopiaHyperopia

http://www.stlukeseye.com/Conditions/Hyperopia.asp

Masters of IllusionMasters of Illusion

Focus on the dot and move your head side to side or Focus on the dot and move your head side to side or forward to back…forward to back…

How many legs does the How many legs does the elephant have?elephant have?

Stare at the black dot and Stare at the black dot and watch the haze disappear…watch the haze disappear…

Shapes that don’t exist…Shapes that don’t exist…

What do you see?What do you see?

The Impossible TridentThe Impossible Trident

Straight or crooked?Straight or crooked?

Count the Black Dots!!!Count the Black Dots!!!

Circles or Spirals?Circles or Spirals?

Crooked or Straight?Crooked or Straight?

Optical illusions in shape!Optical illusions in shape!

Floating SphereFloating Sphere

Can you make them stop spinning?Can you make them stop spinning?

Image CreditsImage Credits http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/blckdots.jpghttp://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/blckdots.jpg

http://www.is.svitonline.com/malinman/optic/spirkrug.gifhttp://www.is.svitonline.com/malinman/optic/spirkrug.gif http://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/optical_illusions/images/couple.gifhttp://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/optical_illusions/images/couple.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/lines.jpghttp://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/lines.jpg http://www.eyesearch.com/optical.vase.gifhttp://www.eyesearch.com/optical.vase.gif

http://www.sackville.ednet.ns.ca/art/gallery/exhibit/draw/Escher,M.C.-Relativity-1953.jhttp://www.sackville.ednet.ns.ca/art/gallery/exhibit/draw/Escher,M.C.-Relativity-1953.jpgpg

http://www.math.technion.ac.il/~rl/M.C.Escher/2/escher-hands.gifhttp://www.math.technion.ac.il/~rl/M.C.Escher/2/escher-hands.gif http://www.cbu.edu/~jvarrian/252/eye.gifhttp://www.cbu.edu/~jvarrian/252/eye.gif

http://www.city.ac.uk/colourgroup/spectrum.gifhttp://www.city.ac.uk/colourgroup/spectrum.gif http://medweb2.bham.ac.uk/image_database/bain/images/229339c.jpghttp://medweb2.bham.ac.uk/image_database/bain/images/229339c.jpg

http://www.eyesearch.com/astigmatism.jpghttp://www.eyesearch.com/astigmatism.jpg http://www.whiteeye.net/images/myopia.jpghttp://www.whiteeye.net/images/myopia.jpg

http://www.colorado.edu/epob/epob1220lynch/image/figure6n.jpghttp://www.colorado.edu/epob/epob1220lynch/image/figure6n.jpg http://www.rktekt.com/ck/im/FineArt/eye.jpghttp://www.rktekt.com/ck/im/FineArt/eye.jpg http://mathworld.wolfram.com/gifs/ouchi.gifhttp://mathworld.wolfram.com/gifs/ouchi.gif

http://www.aetheronline.com/mario/images/Favourite%20Images/Opticalhttp://www.aetheronline.com/mario/images/Favourite%20Images/Optical%20Illusions/14_jpg.jpg%20Illusions/14_jpg.jpg

http://www.mercola.com/2003/sep/27/illusion4.gifhttp://www.mercola.com/2003/sep/27/illusion4.gif http://members.cox.net/mystic-warrior/mag2.jpghttp://members.cox.net/mystic-warrior/mag2.jpg