VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANTS FOR OIL RECOVERY · CONCLUSIONS Viscoelastic surfactants have been...

VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANTS VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANTS FORFOR

OIL RECOVERYOIL RECOVERY

PRIMARY RECOVERY

Produces 2-15% Original Oil in Place

OIL PRODUCTIONSECONDARY RECOVERY

Another 15-20% OOIP may be produced by water flooding

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

Another 4-35% OOIP may be produced by EOR

EOR Process•Thermal•Gas miscible•Chemical

EOR Process

•Microbial•Gravity Mining

Approx. 460 billion

bbls OIP before any production

Approx. 65% 300 billion bbls OIP after secondary recovery

4-35%

15-20%

2 -15%

OilOil WaterWater OilOil

PreflushPolymer for mobility control

Surfactant

To reduce IFT

Oil Bank

Water after flush

Injection fluid

Injection pump

Injection well

Oil

Producing well

CHEMICAL EOREOR may include surfactant, polymer and alkaline flooding. After a reservoir is conditioned by a water preflush, specific chemicals are injected to reduce the IFT (help to release oil) and improve mobility control (reduce channeling)

Injection pump

TWO PRIMARY MECHANISMSIN CHEMICAL EOR

Reduce interfacial forces

Improve sweep efficiency & mobility ratio


Reduce interfacial forcessurfactants


ROLE OF IFT ROLE OF IFT

SURFACE TENSION & INTERFACIAL SURFACE TENSION & INTERFACIAL TENSIONTENSION

<0.01<0.01O/W with 0.05O/W with 0.05--0.2% EOR 0.2% EOR surfactantsurfactant

33--3030Oil/WaterOil/Water

66--4040OilOil

7272WaterWater

ST or IFT, mN/mST or IFT, mN/mDescriptionDescription

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPILLARY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPILLARY NUMBER AND OIL RECOVERYNUMBER AND OIL RECOVERY

Chatzis and Morrow, SPEJ, (1994) 561.Chatzis and Morrow, SPEJ, (1994) 561.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02

Capillary Number

% O

il R

ecov

ered

Nc = ν µ /σ cosθ

Nc =Nc = Capillary NumberCapillary Number

νν = Darcy Velocity= Darcy Velocity

µµ = Viscosity= Viscosity

σσ= Interfacial Tension= Interfacial Tension

Θ=wetting angle


Reduce interfacial forcesSurfactants



Reduce interfacial forcesSurfactants

Improve sweep efficiency & mobility ratioPolymers

OIL CONTAINING COREOIL CONTAINING CORE

FRACTURES

INJECTION FLUID CAN CHANNEL THROUGH LARGE FRACTURES AND BY-PASS OIL

POLYMERS USED IN EORPOLYMERS USED IN EOR

highhighfairfairfairfair100100ooCCScleroglucanScleroglucanhighhighfairfairfairfair5050ooCCXanthan gumXanthan gummediummediumpoorpoorfairfair9090ooCCAMPS copolymerAMPS copolymerlowlowpoorpoorpoorpoor7575ooCCPolyacrylamidePolyacrylamide

COSTCOSTHIGH HIGH SHEARSHEAR

HIGHHIGHTDSTDS

HIGH HIGH TEMPTEMP

POLYMERPOLYMER

EFFECT OF SALT ON VISCOSITYEFFECT OF SALT ON VISCOSITY

200 cps

70cps

20cps


Reduce interfacial forcessurfactants

Improve sweep efficiency & mobility ratioPolymersViscoelastic surfactants

VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANTVISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT

•• Forms viscoelastic solution at 0.1Forms viscoelastic solution at 0.1--1.0 wt%1.0 wt%•• Reduces IFT to below 0.01 mN/m Reduces IFT to below 0.01 mN/m •• Tolerant to high TDS and hardnessTolerant to high TDS and hardness•• Shear thinning and reversibleShear thinning and reversible•• Viscosity is reduced when contacted with oilViscosity is reduced when contacted with oil•• Diverts injection fluid to oil bearing sitesDiverts injection fluid to oil bearing sites•• Thermal stability above 150CThermal stability above 150C

POLYMERS USED IN EORPOLYMERS USED IN EOR

highhighfairfairfairfair100100ooCCScleroglucanScleroglucanlowlowexcellentexcellentexcellentexcellent150150ooCCViscoelastic surf.Viscoelastic surf.

highhighfairfairfairfair5050ooCCXanthan gumXanthan gummediummediumpoorpoorfairfair9090ooCCAMPS copolymerAMPS copolymerlowlowpoorpoorpoorpoor7575ooCCPolyacrylamidePolyacrylamide

COSTCOSTHIGH HIGH SHEARSHEAR

HIGHHIGHTDSTDS

HIGH HIGH TEMPTEMP

POLYMERPOLYMER

EFFECT OF SHEAR ON EFFECT OF SHEAR ON VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANTVISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

RPM

VISC

OSI

TY, C

PS

EFFECT OF TEMPERATUREEFFECT OF TEMPERATURE0.5% @150C0.5% @150C

150

160

170

180

190

200

1 10 100 1000

DAYS

VISC

, CPS

MECHANISM OF MECHANISM OF VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT

FLOODSFLOODS

WATER FLOODWATER FLOOD

Water channels through Water channels through the formationthe formation

WATER FLOODWATER FLOOD

InjectorInjector ProducerProducer

SURFACTANT FLOODSURFACTANT FLOOD

Surfactant follows the Surfactant follows the water channels through water channels through

the formationthe formation

SURFACTANT FLOODSURFACTANT FLOOD


VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT FLOODFLOOD

Injection fluid containing Injection fluid containing viscoelastic surfactant seeks viscoelastic surfactant seeks

out oilout oil--bearing channels, bearing channels, blocks water channelsblocks water channels

VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANTVISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT


01020304050607080

0 25 50 75

PV Injected

% R

ecov

ery

OO

IP

%OOIPCUM,%

15 PV water

35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg0.1% surfactant0.1% surfactant0.6% smart surfactant0.6% smart surfactant

US PATENT 7,373,977US PATENT 7,373,977

01020304050607080

0 25 50 75

PV Injected

% R

ecov

ery

OO

IP

%OOIPCUM,%

15 PV water

15 PV surfactant

15 PV water

35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg0.1% surfactant0.1% surfactant0.6% smart surfactant0.6% smart surfactant

01020304050607080

0 25 50 75

PV Injected

% R

ecov

ery

OO

IP

%OOIPCUM,%

15 PV water

15 PV surfactant

2 PV viscoelastic surfactant15 PV water

35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg0.1% surfactant0.1% surfactant0.6% viscoelastic surfactan0.6% viscoelastic surfactan

01020304050607080

0 25 50 75

PV Injected

% R

ecov

ery

OO

IP

%OOIPCUM,%

15 PV water

15 PV surfactant

2 PV viscoelastic surfactant15 PV water

13 PV water

35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg0.1% surfactant0.1% surfactant0.6% viscoelastic surfactan0.6% viscoelastic surfactan

VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

WorkWork--like viscoelastic like viscoelastic surfactant micelles for viscositysurfactant micelles for viscosity

CosurfactantCosurfactant for low IFTfor low IFT

APPLICATION OF VISCOELASTIC APPLICATION OF VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANTSSURFACTANTS

Viscoelastic Surfactants Alone Viscoelastic Surfactants Alone ––•• Tight formations, high temperatures, high Tight formations, high temperatures, high

salinitiessalinities

Viscoelastic Surfactants With Polymers Viscoelastic Surfactants With Polymers --•• High viscosity oils, polymer gives residual High viscosity oils, polymer gives residual

viscosity when contacting oilviscosity when contacting oil


RESIDUAL OIL RECOVERY TEST

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

FRACTION (0.5 pore volume each)

OIL

/FRA

CTIO

N (g

)

010203040506070

%CU

M.O

IL

RECO

VERE

D

Begin Surfactant Addition0.3 Pore Volume, 0.5%

APPLICATION OF VISCOELASTIC APPLICATION OF VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANTSSURFACTANTS

Viscoelastic Surfactants Alone Viscoelastic Surfactants Alone ––•• Tight formations, high temperatures, high Tight formations, high temperatures, high

salinitiessalinities

Viscoelastic Surfactants With Polymers Viscoelastic Surfactants With Polymers --•• High viscosity oils, polymer gives residual High viscosity oils, polymer gives residual

viscosity when contacting oilviscosity when contacting oil


VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT WITH VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT WITH POLYMER IN SEA WATERPOLYMER IN SEA WATER

11110.00510.0051D+ED+EGG9090C+EC+EFF10102.82.80.010% polyacrylamide0.010% polyacrylamideEE2.72.70.00420.0042A+B after oil contactA+B after oil contactDD8181A+B before oil contactA+B before oil contactCC62620.0920.0920.45% viscoelastic0.45% viscoelasticBBPptPptPptPpt0.05% anionic surfactant0.05% anionic surfactantAAViscVisc, cps, cpsIFT,mN/mIFT,mN/mDescriptionDescription

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSViscoelastic surfactants have been developed Viscoelastic surfactants have been developed that provide both low IFT and high viscosity in that provide both low IFT and high viscosity in injection fluidsinjection fluidsUnlike polymers, viscoelastic surfactants are Unlike polymers, viscoelastic surfactants are not permanently degraded by high shear.not permanently degraded by high shear.Also, unlike polymers their viscosity building Also, unlike polymers their viscosity building characteristics are not reduced by high characteristics are not reduced by high electrolyte concentrations. electrolyte concentrations. Viscoelastic systems can be designed to Viscoelastic systems can be designed to tolerate both high temperature and high salinity tolerate both high temperature and high salinity conditions.conditions.

THANK YOU !THANK YOU !Oil Chem Technologies, Inc.Oil Chem Technologies, Inc.

12822 Park One Drive12822 Park One DriveSugar Land, TX 77478Sugar Land, TX 77478

281281--240240--01610161www.oilwww.oil--chem.comchem.com

The information in this presentation is considered accurate and The information in this presentation is considered accurate and reliable and is presented in good faith. Because reliable and is presented in good faith. Because the application conditions may differ from one location to anoththe application conditions may differ from one location to another and may change with time, recipient is er and may change with time, recipient is responsible for determining whether the information in this presresponsible for determining whether the information in this presentation is appropriate for the recipients entation is appropriate for the recipients use.use. Since Oil Chem has no control over how this information may be Since Oil Chem has no control over how this information may be ultimately used, all liability is expressly ultimately used, all liability is expressly disclaimed and Oil Chem assumes no obligation or liability theredisclaimed and Oil Chem assumes no obligation or liability therefore.fore. No warranty, express or implied is given No warranty, express or implied is given nor is freedom from any patent owned by Oil Chem Technologies ornor is freedom from any patent owned by Oil Chem Technologies or other to be inferred. other to be inferred.

VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANTS FOR OIL RECOVERY · CONCLUSIONS Viscoelastic surfactants have been...

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