Viruses and Bacteria
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Viruses and Bacteria
Viruses
• A tiny, non-living particle that enters and then reproduces inside a living cell
• Needs a host, which provides a source of energy
• Parasite– Lives on or in a host and can cause
harm
Shapes
• Round, rod-shaped, bricks, threads, bullets, robot-like shapes
Sizes
• Smaller than cells
• Cannot be seen with school microscopes
• Measured in nanometers– 1 billionth of a meter
Structure
• Two basic parts– Protein coat which protects itself– Inner core
• Genetic material
Surface Proteins
• Can attach to host cells
• Lock and key
• Specific
Multiply
• Inside host cell– Virus’s genetic material takes over many
cell functions– Instructs cell to produce the virus proteins
and genetic material– Make new virus’s
Bacteria
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek (late 1600s)– Scrapings from teeth– Could only see shapes, but not the parts
inside the cells
Bacteria
• Prokaryotes– Genetic material is not contained in a
nucleus (have no nucleus)– Lack some other structures as well
Shapes and Sizes
• Spherical, rodlike, spiral
• Vary in size, average is about 0.5-1 micrometer– 1 millionth of a meter