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Transcript of Virus and Viroid Plant Pathogens Kenneth L. Johnson II USDA National Needs Fellow University of...
Virus and Viroid Plant Pathogens
Kenneth L. Johnson IIUSDA National Needs FellowUniversity of Florida Plant Medicine ProgramIPM Florida- IPM Apprentice
Kirk W. Martin SM(NRCM), CBSPUSDA National Needs FellowUniversity of Florida Plant Medicine ProgramIPM Florida-IPM Technical Information Specialist
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Begomovirus-Bean golden yellow mosaic virus
Family: Geminiviridae
Description: Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is geminate and has a diameter of 18-20 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. The capsid consists of 22 capsomers. With a length of dimers 30 nm. (ICTV database)
R.G. Milne, Istituto di Virologia, CRN, Torino, Italy
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Begomovirus-Bean golden yellow mosaic virus
Family: GeminiviridaeHost(s): Wild bush bean, Macroptilium lathyroides, Common bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sieva bean, P. lunatus, Threelobe false mallow, Malvastrum coromandelianum
Leaf symptoms: vein yellow net,
interveinal chlorosis
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Begomovirus-Bean golden yellow mosaic virus
Family: Geminiviridae
Host(s): Wild bush bean, Macroptilium lathyroides, Common bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sieva bean, P. lunatus, Threelobe false mallow, Malvastrum coromandelianum
Leaf symptoms: vein yellow net,
interveinal chlorosis
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Begomovirus-Bean golden yellow mosaic virus
Family: Geminiviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusions:
Nuclear
Rounded dense
bodies
Ring-shaped (rare)
Brittle crystalsUF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) Family: Closteroviridae
Description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 2000 nm and a width of 12 nm.
M. Bar-JosephVolcani Centre, Bet Dagan, Israel
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)Family: Closteroviridae
Host(s): Citrus ssp. grafted onto Citrus aurantium (sour orange) root stock — quick decline, pitted stems. C. paradisi (grapefruit) — stunt. C. aurantifolia (lime) — die-back. C. aurantifolia (Seville orange) — seedling yellows. C. reticulata (mandarin) — decline. Aeglopsis chevalieri, Afraegle paniculata (Nigerian powder-flask-fruit )), Pamburus missionis, Passiflora gracilis (Annual passionflower), Citropsis gilletiana, Microcitrus australis
Disorders:TristezaStem-pittingSeedling-yellowsLime dieback
Diseases:Quick decline
L. Navarro, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Bugwood.org
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)
Family: Closteroviridae
Symptomology Sweet orange-(Sweet orange stem pitting strains)Sour orange-(Seedling yellows) severe stunting and yellowing Grapefruit-(Seedling yellows)severe stunting and yellowing , (Stem-pitting) stunted, the fruit is small and misshapen, and yields are considerably reduced; the wood of the trunk and large limbs is pitted with longitudinal depressions; in some instances, the main scaffold branches are twisted and distorted.Lime-(Lime die-back strain) vein flecking on young leaves, severe pitting of wood of twigs and branches, stunting of trees, and die-back with eventual deathLemon-(Seedling yellows) severe stunting and yellowing
Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)
Family: ClosteroviridaeVectors: Brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida and Melon aphid, Aphis gossypii.
Diagnostic techniques:Visual symptomsIndexing on biological indicators
Management:Disease-resistant cultivarsDisease-resistant rootstocks (will not work on plants that virus attacks directly i.e. certain lime, grapefruit, pummelos, Pera sweet orange and others (Reuther, 1978)Possible cross-protection from less mild strains of tristeza virus
Tristeza virus affected fruit on right
Melon aphid, Aphis gossypiiLyle Buss, University of Florida
Brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida Lyle Buss, University of Florida
L. Navarro, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Bugwood.org
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)
Family: Closteroviridae
Diagnostic techniques:Visual symptomsIndexing on biological indicators
Diagnostic viral inclusions:
All cytoplasmic
Para-crystals
Banded bodies
Densely stained phloem with
many vacuoles.
CTV petiole inclusions
CTV stem inclusions
CTV root inclusions
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Cucumovirus-Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Family: BromoviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 29-29.33-30 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious. The capsid consists of 32 capsomers. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. Capsids all have the same appearance. (ICTV database).
R.G. Milne, Istituto di Virologia, CRN, Torino, Italy.
Cucumovirus-Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Family: BromoviridaeHosts:Cucumber, Cucumis sativus and many other cucurbits — mosaics and stunting, reduced fruit yield. Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum — mosaic, reduction of leaf laminae ("fernleaf") and stunting. Spinach, Spinacia oleracea — severe chlorosis and stunting.
CMV Infected cucumber
David B. Langston, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
CMV infected celery
William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.org
Cucumovirus-Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Family: BromoviridaeVectors: Aphids transmit in a non-persistent manner
CMV infected cucumbers
Cucumber infected by Cucumber mosaic virus
William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.org
William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.org
Cucumovirus-Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Family: BromoviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:
Cytoplasmic
Vacuolate
Vesiculate
Crystalline cubes
Spheres
Hollow spheres
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Dr. R. G. Christie, UF IFAS Department of Plant Pathology
Dr. R. G. Christie, UF IFAS Department of Plant Pathology
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Family: GeminiviridaeDescription:No official descriptionGeneral Begomovirus description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is geminate, or prolate in shape and has a diameter of 15-20 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious. The capsid consists of 22 capsomers. With a length of 25-30 nm.
Zucchini squash infected with Cucurbit leaf crumple virus. Note silverleaf symptoms in background due to feeding of immature whiteflies. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in716
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Family: GeminiviridaeDescription:Hosts:Watermelon, Citrullus lanatusCantaloupe andHoneydew melon, Cucumis melo Squash and pumpkins, Cucurbita palmate and C. maxima, C. pepo
Zucchini squash infected with Cucurbit leaf crumple virus. Note silverleaf symptoms in background due to feeding of immature whiteflies. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in716
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Family: GeminiviridaeCucurbits that were notsusceptible were acorn squash, ananasmelon, butternut squash, casaba melon,Galia melon, golden crenshaw melon, andhoneydew melon. Non-susceptible cropsincluded cotton, pepper, soybean, andtomato.
Cucurbit leaf crumple virus symptoms on cucumber
Cucurbit leaf crumple virus symptoms on yellow straight-necked squash
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Vector:Silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii
Silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii-vector of cucurbit leaf crumple virus. Photo by Lyle Buss-University of Florida
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Diagnostic viral inclusions:
Nuclear
Rounded dense bodies
Ring-shaped (rare)
Brittle Crystals
Bean golden mosaic virus inclusions (pictured) look very similar to Cucurbit leaf crumple virus
Bean golden mosaic virus inclusions (pictured) close-up
R. Cullen and M. Gooch, UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
R. Cullen and M. Gooch, UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Potexvirus-Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV)Family: FlexiviridaeDescription:Virions have a simple construction (round or elongated or spherical, unenveloped virions); consist(s) of a capsid (including inner and outer capsid). Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated; exhibits helical symmetry; capsid. Capsid shape of elongated unenveloped virion or tail of phage is filamentous, is flexuous. Elongated capsid, nucleocapsid or phage tail is cross-striated. Elongated capsids, nucleocapsids or tails have only or longest length(s) of 470 to 580 nm; is 13 nm wide. Axial canal is distinct or indistinct, 3.4 to 12 with median 6.3 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious or obscure. Pitch of helix is 2.8 to 3.5 with median 3.331 nm. Crude virus preparation contains few virions or many virions.
Cymbidium mosaic virusVirus particles from purified preparation in uranyl acetate. Bar represents 500 nm. http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=27
R. I. B. FranckiDepartment of Plant Pathology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia
Potexvirus-Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV)
Family: FlexiviridaeHosts:•Cymbidium ssp. — mosaic, necrosis. •Cattleya ssp. — mosaic, flower necrosis. •Phalaenopsis ssp. — mosaic, water soaked local lesions. •Vanda ssp. — chlorotic flecks. •Epidendrum ssp., •Laelia ssp., •Laeliocattleya ssp., •Oncidium ssp., •Zygopetalum ssp., •Vanilla fragrans
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Cymbidium mosaic virus symptoms
http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repositoryfiles/ca601p3-71680.pdf
Cymbidium mosaic symptoms in Cymbidium leaves.
Potexvirus-Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV)
Family: FlexiviridaeViral inclusions:Widely distributed in host tissuesAggregates of virus particles
Long axis parallelBanded bodies
Can be susceptible to destruction
Dense bodiesPara-crystals
Cymbidium mosaic virus-banded inclusions
Cymbidium mosaic viral inclusions (see arrows)
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)
Family: PotyviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 750 nm (approximately). Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure.
Zettler, Univ. Florida 1970
Filamentous virus particles mounted in phosphotungatate..
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts:Aglaonema, Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Caladium, Cyrtosperma ssp. — mosaic. Cryptocoryne, Dieffenbachia, Philodendron, Richardia, Zantedeschia ssp. — mosaic and leaf malformation. Colocasia, Xanthosoma ssp. — mosaic, chlorotic feathering. Comments on host and host range: there are conflicting reports on the susceptibility of non-aroids; in European studies some are susceptible, but, in tests Florida and Venezuela, non-aroids were not infected (Zettler and Hartman, 1986).
Chlorosis of Philodendron selloum leaf
Dasheen mosaic virus in Taro
Photo by: F.W. Zettler
N.J.Ko Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts:Aglaonema, Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Caladium, Cyrtosperma ssp. — mosaic. Cryptocoryne, Dieffenbachia, Philodendron, Richardia, Zantedeschia ssp. — mosaic and leaf malformation. Colocasia, Xanthosoma ssp. — mosaic, chlorotic feathering. Comments on host and host range: there are conflicting reports on the susceptibility of non-aroids; in European studies some are susceptible, but, in tests Florida and Venezuela, non-aroids were not infected (Zettler and Hartman, 1986).
Mosaic and distortion of P. selloum leaf
Dasheen mosaic virus in Dieffenbachia
N.J.Ko Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Photo by: F.W. Zettler
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts:Aglaonema, Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Caladium, Cyrtosperma ssp. — mosaic. Cryptocoryne, Dieffenbachia, Philodendron, Richardia, Zantedeschia ssp. — mosaic and leaf malformation. Colocasia, Xanthosoma ssp. — mosaic, chlorotic feathering. Comments on host and host range: there are conflicting reports on the susceptibility of non-aroids; in European studies some are susceptible, but, in tests Florida and Venezuela, non-aroids were not infected (Zettler and Hartman, 1986).
Mosaic of taro (Colocasia esculenta) leaf
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)Family: PotyviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusions
ProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregate
Amorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in number
Nuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystalline
Cytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus infections
Electron micrograph of cylindrical inclusions in cell of calla lily (Zantedeschia elliotiana). Bar represents 500 nm.
I = Cylindrical Inclusions N=Nucleus
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Hostuviroid-Hop stunt viroid (Citrus viroid II) (HSVd)
Family: PospiviroidaeDescription:Viroids are unencapsidated, low molecular weight, circular, single-stranded infectious RNAs pathogenic to plants. Sequences are the primary basis for comparison. The sequence of the central conserved region allows all characterised viroids to be classed into four groups. Variation occurs within each viroid "species" and an arbitrary level of 90% sequence similarity currently separates variants from species.
Photo of potato spindle tuber viroid which closely resembles Hop stunt viroid (Citrus viroid II)
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database
Hostuviroid-Hop stunt viroid (Citrus viroid II) (HSVd)
Family: PospiviroidaeHosts: Hop stunt viroid Hop stunt viroid - almond Hop stunt viroid - apricot Hop stunt viroid - citrus Hop stunt viroid - cucumber Hop stunt viroid - grapevine Hop stunt viroid - peach Hop stunt viroid - pear Hop stunt viroid - plum Citrus cachexia viroid Cucumber pale fruit viroid Peach dapple viroid Plum dapple viroid
David Gent, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org
Common hops (Humulus lupulus L.)A common hop plant showing symptoms of hop stunt viroid infection in a field at Oregon, USA.
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/imageresources/Pages/Nov_88-11-1.aspx
Green streaks observed under cracks induced by Hop stunt viroid and Citrus viroid IV in trifoliate orange photo by C. Vernière et al.
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
Family: BunyaviridaeDescription:Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic. Surface projections are embedded in a lipid bilayer that is 5 nm thick. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous and has a width of 2-2.5 nm. Nucleocapsids are circular.
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
Family: BunyaviridaeHosts:Impatiens spp.most leaves symptomless, some necrotic spots with necrotic rings in young leaves. Other hosts:GloxiniaGerbera daisyOncidium orchidChrysanthemumTomatoColeusWild geranium
Impatiens necrotic spot virus symptoms on chrysanthemum
Impatients necrotic spot virus symptoms on coleus
Department of Plant Pathology Archive, North Carolina State University, Bugwood.org
Department of Plant Pathology Archive, North Carolina State University, Bugwood.org
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
Family: BunyaviridaeHosts:Impatiens spp.most leaves symptomless, some necrotic spots with necrotic rings in young leaves. Other hosts:GloxiniaGerbera daisyOncidium orchidChrysanthemumTomatoColeusWild geranium
Impatiens necrotic spot virus symptoms on gloxinia
Impatients necrotic spot virus symptoms on tomato fruit
Department of Plant Pathology Archive, North Carolina State University, Bugwood.org
Mary Ann Hansen, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
Family: BunyaviridaeVector:Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis
Lyle Buss University of Florida
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
Family: BunyaviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:
Vacuolate
Dense, irregular with
projections
Crystalline
All photographs by Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Tobamovirus-Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)
Family: UnassignedDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of mostly 300 nm (but also shorter, broken virions, width of 18 nm. Axial canal is distinct.
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database
Tobamovirus-Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)
Family: UnassignedHosts:
Vector:Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation.
Juliana Frettas-Astua Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Juliana Frettas-Astua Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Tobamovirus-Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)
Family: UnassignedDiagnostic viral inclusions:All cytoplasmic
Hexagonal platesVirus particles
Stacked platesVirus particles
ParacrystalsVirus particles - old infection
X - BodiesVacuolate
Inclusions stained with Orange Green
Tobamovirus inclusions stain in Azure A stain with heat only. Photograph by Nan-Jing Ko
Photograph bu Nan-Jing Ko
Photograph bu Nan-Jing Ko
Potyvirus-Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)
Family: PotyviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 760-800 nm and a width of 12 nm.
Alberto Pantoja, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org
Potyvirus-Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts:Vector:Virus is transmitted by aphids. Virus is also transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.
Alberto Pantoja, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org
Potyvirus-Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)
Family: PotyviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusions
ProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregate
Amorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in number
Nuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystalline
Cytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus infections
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Pospiviroid-Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)
Family: PospiviroidaeHosts:Nucleic acid is non-encapsidated, circular, single-stranded RNA
Potato spindle tuber viroid
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database
Pospiviroid-Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)
Family: PospiviroidaeHosts:Potato, Solanum tuberosumTomato, Solanum esculentum
Potato cv ‘Kennebec’, Solanum tuberosum, center plant infected with Potato spindle tuber viroid, outer two plants are healthy
Tomato, Solanum esculentum infected by Potato spindle tuber viroid
R.P. Singh, Bugwood.org
Central Science Laboratory, Harpenden Archive, British Crown, Bugwood.org
Pospiviroid-Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)
Family: PospiviroidaeHosts:Potato, Solanum tuberosumTomato, Solanum esculentum
Potatoes infected with potato spindle tuber viroid. Healthy potato on left others diseased
First and third rows of potatoes from top are healthy; second and fourth rows are infected with the potato spindle tuber viroid
USDA Agricultural Research Service Archive, USDA ARS, Bugwood.org
Plant Protection Service Archive, Plant Protection Service, Bugwood.org
Potyvirus-Potato virus Y (PVY)
Family: PotyviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 684 nm (from purified preparations (Delgado-Sanchez and Grogan, 1966)), or 730 nm and a width of 11 nm. Axial canal is indistinct; 2-3 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obscure. Pitch of helix is 3.3 nm (Varma et al., 1968).
Potato virus Y
Rothamsted Research.
Potyvirus-Potato virus Y (PVY)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts:Potato, Solanum tuberosumTobacco, Nicotiana tabacumPepper, Capsicum annuumVector: transmitted by aphids, mechanical means or transmission by grafting.
Rugose leaf symptoms on potato infected with potato virus Y
Potato infected with potato virus Y
Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
Potyvirus-Potato virus Y (PVY)
Family: PotyviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusions
ProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregate
Amorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in number
Nuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystalline
Cytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus infections
Cylindrical
Amorphous
Microcrystals
Stomata guard cells filled with inclusions of PVY
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Ipomovirus-Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV)
Family: PotyviridaeDescription:The virus, for which the name Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) is proposed, has flexuous rod-shaped particles of ~840 nm in length.
Ipomovirus-Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV)
Family: PotyviridaeSquash Vein Yellowing Virus, Causal Agent of Watermelon VineDecline in Florida
Hosts:The host range of SqVYV appears to be limited to cucurbits including two weedy varieties ofcucurbits found in Florida, Momordica charantia L. (Balsam-apple) and Melothria pendula L. (creepingcucumber) (Adkins et al. 2008). These weeds may be important reservoirs for SqVYV and help it tosurvive between crops.Vectors:Whitefly, Bemesia tabaci
Early symptoms of WVD. Photography credit: Scott Adkinshttp://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/pathology/pathcirc/pp407.pdf
Symptoms several weeks later. Photography credit: Scott Adkinshttp://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/pathology/pathcirc/pp407.pdf
Scott Adkins, 2008 . Plant Disease
Scott Adkins,, FDACS DPI
Ipomovirus-Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts:The host range of SqVYV appears to be limited to cucurbits including two weedy varieties ofcucurbits found in Florida, Momordica charantia L. (Balsam-apple) and Melothria pendula L. (creepingcucumber) (Adkins et al. 2008). These weeds may be important reservoirs for SqVYV and help it tosurvive between crops.Vectors:Whitefly, Bemesia tabaci
Melothria pendula a cucurbit weed that can potentially serve as a viral reservoir
Watermelon rind damaged by the Squash vein yellowing virus causing WVD symptoms. Photography credit: Scott Adkins http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/pathology/pathcirc/pp407.pdf
Scott Adkins, 2008 . Plant Disease
Scott Adkins,, FDACS DPI
Ipomovirus-Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV)
Family: PotyviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusions
ProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregate
Amorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in number
Nuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystalline
Cytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus infections
CI=Cylindrical inclusions; N=NucleusSquash vein yellowing virushttp://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/pathology/florida_viruses/Cucurbits/SqVYV/SqVYVpage.htm
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Svcs., Department of Plant Industry
Potyvirus-Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)
Family: PotyviridaeDescription:MorphologyVirions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 730-755 nm and a width of 13 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure.
Filamentous particles of sugarcane mosaic virus strain H mounted in phosphotungstate. Bar represents 200 nm.http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=05
Potyvirus-Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts:Saccharum sp. — systemic mosaic. Sorghum bicolor — necrotic local lesion, then systemic mosaic, necrosis. S. halepense — systemic mosaic. Zea mays — systemic mosaic, ringspots. Most dicotyledonous plants.
Photograph 1 Sugarcane variety C.P.31-294 systemically infected by sugarcane mosaic virus strain B. (Courtesy A. G. Gillaspie.)http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=01
Photograph 2 Sugarcane variety C.P.31-294 systemically infected by sugarcane mosaic virus strain D. (Courtesy A. G. Gillaspie.)http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=02
Photograph 6 Systemic necrosis produced by sugarcane mosaic virus strain A in sorghum.http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=06
Photograph 7 Local necrotic lesions produced in Atlas sorghum by sugarcane mosaic virus strain E. (Courtesy J. L. Dean.) http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=07
Potyvirus-Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)
Family: PotyviridaeVector:Virus is transmitted non-persitently by the aphids:Dactynotus ambrosiae, Rusty plum aphid, Hysteroneura setariae, Corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Toxoptera graminum. Transmission:Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.
Corn leaf aphid , Rhopalosiphum maidis
Merle Shepard, Gerald R.Carner, and P.A.C Ooi, Insects and their Natural Enemies Associated with Vegetables and Soybean in Southeast Asia, Bugwood.org
Potyvirus-Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)
Family: PotyviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusions
ProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregate
Amorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in number
Nuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystalline
Cytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus infections
Cylindrical inclusions of sugar cane mosaic in Zea mays (corn). The inclusion at the far right is next to a nucleus.
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family: PotyviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 730-750 nm and a width of 12-13 nm. Basic helix is obvious (in UF).
Potyvirus photograph from IACR Rothamsted
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts:Cassia obtusifolia — leaf mottling, malformation and necrosis, stunting and reduced seed yield. Capsicum annuum — mottling, mosaic and leaf malformation, fruit malformation, stunting. Datura stramonium — leaf mottling, vein banding and malformation, suppression of fruit spines. Lycopersicon esculentum — leaf mottling and distortion, severe yield reductions. Nicotiana tabacum — mottling and necrotic leaf etching. Physalis ssp. — leaf chlorosis.
Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org
Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts:Cassia obtusifolia — leaf mottling, malformation and necrosis, stunting and reduced seed yield. Capsicum annuum — mottling, mosaic and leaf malformation, fruit malformation, stunting. Datura stramonium — leaf mottling, vein banding and malformation, suppression of fruit spines. Lycopersicon esculentum — leaf mottling and distortion, severe yield reductions. Nicotiana tabacum — mottling and necrotic leaf etching. Physalis ssp. — leaf chlorosis. Tobacco etch virus symptoms on tobacco
Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, Bugwood.org
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family: PotyviridaeVector: Aphids especially Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae
Winged green peach aphid Myzus persicae
Lyle Buss University of Florida
Lyle Buss University of Florida
Adult female green peach aphid Myzus persicae
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family: PotyviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusions
ProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregate
Amorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in number
Nuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystalline
Cytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus infections
Inclusion
Nucleus
Microcrystals
Pinwheel Inclusions
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Tobamovirus-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Family: No family assignedDescription: Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of 300 nm and a width of 18 nm. Axial canal is distinct; 2 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 2.3 nm.
Dr. Robley Williams
Tobamovirus-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Family: No family assignedHost: Nicotiana tabacum — leaf mosaic, severe crop losses. Also found in many other plant species.Vector/Transmission:Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (occasionally transmitted through the testa, but not through the embryo, not transmitted by pollen. Transmitted by dodder, Cuscuta campestris, C. japonica and C. subinclusa
Symptoms of TMV in Nicotiana tabacum cv Turkish Samsun. Photographed three weeks post-inoculation.
Local necrotic lesions produced upon TMV infection in Nicotiana tabacum of the NN genotype. Photographed one week post-inoculation.
Milton Zaitlin
Milton Zaitlin
Tobamovirus-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Family: No family assignedDiagnostic viral inclusions: All cytoplasmic
Hexagonal platesVirus particles
Stacked platesVirus particles
ParacrystalsVirus particles – old infection
X - BodiesVacuolate
Dr. R. G. Christie, UF IFAS Department of Plant Pathology
Tobamovirus-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Family: No family assignedDiagnostic viral inclusions: All cytoplasmic
Hexagonal platesVirus particles
Stacked platesVirus particles
ParacrystalsVirus particles – old infection
X - BodiesVacuolate
Dr. R. G. Christie, UF IFAS Department of Plant Pathology
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Tobravirus-Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)
Family: No family assignedDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of 46-114 nm (T), or 180-197 nm (B, width of 22 nm. Axial canal is distinct; 4 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 2.5 nm.
IACR Rothamsted
Tobravirus-Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)
Family: No family assignedHosts:Stellaria media, Viola arvensis — few symptoms, mottling. Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mottle. Capsicum annuum — ringspots or line patterns. Solanum tuberosum — necrotic local lesions; systemic chlorotic or necrotic spots and streaks. Nicotiana tabacum — necrotic local lesions, necrotic or chlorotic ringspots; systemic necrosis, ringspots or line patterns, mottling. Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Tulipa sp., Hyacinthus sp. — mottling.
Symptoms of Tobacco rattle virus on peony
G. Chastagner1 and H. R. Pappu, Washington State Univ.
Tobacco Rattle virus on hosta 'ananuma'
Ben Lockhart, University of Minnesota Extension
Tobravirus-Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)
Family: No family assignedTransmission/ Vectors:Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (up to 40% in Viola arvensis or only to 1% in Capsella bursa-pastoris). Vector Transmission: Virus is transmitted by nematodes; family Trichodoridae; Paratrichodorus allius, P. anemones, P. christiei, P. nanus, P. pachydermus, P. teres, Trichodorus minor, T. primitivus, T. viruliferus.
Anterior of Paratrichodorus minor a vector of Tobacco rattle virus http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/Taxadata/G097S1.HTM
Tobravirus-Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)
Family: No family assignedDiagnostic viral inclusions:
(Pictures taken from "Light and Electron Microscopy of Plant Virus Inclusions" by R. G. Christie and J. R. Edwardson)
Inclusions of Tobacco rattle virus in subveinal epidermal cells of an inoculated leaf (Nicotiana tabaccum) stained with Azure A.
Nepovirus-Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)
Family: ComoviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 25-29 nm (virions may swell at pH 8.0). Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.
Nepovirus-Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)
Family: ComoviridaeHosts:Cucumis sativus, Glycine max, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum — necrotic spots, mottling, chlorotic ringspots and vein banding.
Tobacco ringspot virus symptoms on tobaccoVirginia Tech Learning Resources Center, Virginia
Tobacco ringspot virus symptoms on bean
Virginia Tech Learning Resources Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org
Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org
Nepovirus-Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)
Family: ComoviridaeVector:
Anterior view of Trichodorus ssp. nematodehttp://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex/images/TrichodorusAnt.JPG
Trichodorus ssp., a nematode vector of Tobacco ringspot virus. http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex/images/Trichodorus6.JPG
Nepovirus-Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)
Family: ComoviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Vacuolate - VesiculateVirus crystals & aggregatesXylem blockageUneven distribution
Glandular hair cellsGuard cellsPhloemSub-veinal
Irregular vacuolateIrregular non-vacuolateCrystalloidMicrocrystal
Nicotiana benthamiana 1000X
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Crinivirus-Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV)
Family: ClosteroviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 850-900 nm and a width of 12 nm.
Crinivirus-Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV)
Family: ClosteroviridaeHosts:Lycopersicon esculentum — interveinal yellowing, necrosis and severe yield loss.tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentum), tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), artichoke (Cynara scolymus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and petunia (Petunia hybrida).
Vector:Trialeurodes vaporariorum transmission by Bemisia spp.Is uncertain
Tomato plant infected with Tomato infectious chlorosis virus showing interveinal chlorosis and mild necrosis on leaflet http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/emergingviruses.htm
Tomato plant infected with Tomato infectious chlorosis virus showing interveinal chlorosis and mild necrosis on leaflethttp://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/emergingviruses.htm
W. M. Wintermantel, USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, USA.
W. M. Wintermantel, USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, USA.
Crinivirus-Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV)
Family: ClosteroviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:
All cytoplasmic
Paracrystals
Banded bodies
Densely stained phloem
with many vacuoles.
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)Family: BunyaviridaeDescription:Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic measuring 80-100 nm in diameter. The envelope surrounds three nucleocapsids. Surface projections are distinctive spikes that are surrounded by a prominent fringe. Surface projections are embedded in a lipid bilayer that is 5 nm thick. Surface projections are 5-10 nm long. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated and exhibits helical symmetry. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous with a length of 200-3000 nm (depending on arrangement) and a width of 2-2.5 nm. Nucleocapsids are circular.
Tomato spotted wilt virus
IACR Rothamsted
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) Family: BunyaviridaeHosts:Ananas comosus, Bidens pilosa, Capsicum annuum, Datura stramonium, Helianthus annuus, Ipomoea congesta, Lactuca sativa, Malva parviflora, Nicandra physalodes, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis peruviana, Zinnia elegans, Arachis hypogaea, Canavalia gladiata, C. obtusifolia, C. occidentalis, Crotalaria juncea, Desmodium triflorum, Glycine max, Pisum sativum, Tephrosia purpurea, Vicia faba, Vigna mungo, V. radiata, V. unguiculata, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum melongena, S. capsicastrum, S. tuberosum and many other species
Jeffrey W. Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org
Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Family: BunyaviridaeSymptoms:necrotic and chlorotic local lesions, systemic wilting, necrosis, spotting, streaking, mosaic, mottling, leaf shape malformation, vein yellowing, ringspots, line patterns, yellow netting and flower colour-breaking.
David B. Langston, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
David B. Langston, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
Tomato spotted wilt symptoms on pepper leaves
Tomato spotted wilt symptoms on pepper
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Family: Bunyaviridae
Vector:Nine species are reported as vectors: Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips); F schultzei, F fusca (tobacco thrips); Thrips tabaci (onion thrips); T setosus, T moultoni; F tenuicornis, Lithothrips dorsalis, and Scirtothrips dorsalis. The first four are considered the most important vectors because of their wide distribution and the overlapping host ranges of these species and TSWV.
J.P. Sanderson, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Western flower thrips larvae, Frankliniella occidentalis
Tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca
Lyle Buss, University of Florida
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Family: Bunyaviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusions:
Vacuolate
Dense, Irregular with
projections
Crystalline
Tomato spotted wilt virus inclusions
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Begomovirus-Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TSWV)
Family: GeminiviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is geminate and has a diameter of 20 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. With a length of dimers 30 nm.
Begomovirus-Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TSWV)
Family: GeminiviridaeHosts:• In tomato, symptoms are more severe when infectedat an earlier age and vary somewhat among thedifferent cultivars.• In tomato, upward curling of leaves; mottling andoften chlorotic leaf margins.• In tomato, leaves are reduced in size.• In tomato, plants are stunted.• Flower abscission in tomato resulting in greatlyreduced fruit set.• No symptoms are observed in pepper.
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Svcs, Bugwood.org
Don Ferrin, Louisiana State Univ. Agric. Ctr. Bugwood.org
Begomovirus-Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TSWV)
Family: GeminiviridaeVector: Virus is transmitted by immature and adult white flies, Bemesia tabaci. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation (poorly, transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts).
Don Ferrin, Louisiana State Univ. Agric. Ctr. Bugwood.org
Begomovirus-Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TSWV)
Family: GeminiviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusion:
Nuclear
Rounded dense bodies
Ring-shaped (rare)
Brittle crystals
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicUF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Svcs, Bugwood.org
Potyvirus-Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-2)
Family: PotyviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 730-765 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure.
Flexuous particles in leaf extract, negatively stained with potassium phosphotungstate.http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=293&figno=05
Purcifull & Batchelor, Bull. Fla agric. Exp. Stn, 1977
Potyvirus-Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-2)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts: Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Citrullus lanatus and some legumes — mosaic, mottling, leaf shape malformation. Persistent symptoms.
Both Photographs by: Texas A&M Extension Servicehttp://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/publications/cucurbitproblemsolver/fruit/watermelon_mosaic.html
Potyvirus-Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-2)
Family: PotyviridaeVector: Virus is transmitted by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus persicae, Aphis craccivora, Aphis citricola, Aphis gossypii; at least 38 species of aphid in 19 genera transmit watermelon mosaic virus 2.
Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae
Cotton/Melon aphid, Aphis gossypii
Lyle Buss, Univ. of Florida
Lyle Buss, Univ. of Florida
Potyvirus-Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-2)
Family: PotyviridaeViral diagnostic inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusions
ProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregate
Amorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in number
Nuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystalline
Cytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus infections
Inclusion of WMV in pumpkin epidermal cells(image courtesty of R.Cullen and M Gooch)
Inclusions of WMV in pumpkin(C.A. Baker)
Potyvirus-Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
Family: PotyviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 750 nm and a width of 11 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure.
Purified Zucchini yellow mosiac virus particles in uranyl acetate.
V. LisaIstituto di Fitovirologia applicata del C.N.R., Torino, ItalyH. LecoqStation de Pathologie Vegetale INRA, Montfavet, France
Potyvirus-Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts: zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo), muskmelon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus).
Vector: transmitted in non-persistent manner by Aphis citricola , A. gossypii, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae .
Leaf deformation, shoe-stringing and mosaic in naturally infected zucchini squash.
Fruit deformation in field-raised /infected zucchini squash after infection by ZYMV ..
Potyvirus-Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
Family: PotyviridaeHosts: zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo), muskmelon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus).
Vector: transmitted in non-persistent manner by Aphis citricola , A. gossypii, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae .
Potyvirus-Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) Family: PotyviridaeViral diagnostic inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusions
ProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregate
Amorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in number
Nuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystalline
Cytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus infections
Epidermal leaf strip of squash infected with ZYMV stained in OG. (I=cylindrical inclusions, N=nucleus)
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Svcs.