Virtual Mobile Core Placement for Metro...
Transcript of Virtual Mobile Core Placement for Metro...
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Virtual Mobile Core Placement for
Metro Area
BY
ABHISHEK GUPTA
FRIDAY GROUP MEETING
NOVEMBER 17, 2017
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Motivation
• Volume of data to be transported in across a mobile
network keeps increasing
• Proprietary hardware is difficult to upgrade and replace
• Further, the Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) is not
rapidly increasing
• Network Function Virtualization (NFV) tries to resolve the
above challenges by virtualizing the mobile core
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Difference from previous work
• Mobile core is critical for connecting User Equipment (UE) to
Internet and vice-versa
• Mobile core is also critical for functioning of the Radio Access
Network (RAN)
• Here, Service Chain (SCs) result from looking at interaction of
various mobile core elements whereas earlier SCs were actual
value-added services
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Mobile Core Architecture (Evolved Packet Core
(EPC))
4[1] Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC) – EPC elements, protocols and procedures –
Alcatel Lucent
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Control and Data Plane Elements of EPC
• Exclusively Control Plane Elements
• Mobility Management Element (MME)
• Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)
• Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
• Data Plane Elements
• Serving Gateway (SGW)
• Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW)
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Data Path Setup
• Traffic passes from UE to PGW (upload) or from PGW to UE
(download) over a GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol)
• Setup of a GTP tunnel requires control signaling which depends
on the type of Non-Access Stratum (NAS) procedure
• Type of NAS procedure used to setup GTP tunnel depends on
UE state (EMM-Registered, EMM-Deregistered, ECM-Idle, ECM-
Connected)
• Control signaling is a set of chained requests which we realize
as the control service chain
• Data path also requires the SGW->PGW traversal for download
and PGW->SGW traversal for upload
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Evolved Packet System (EPS) Bearer
• Each EPS bearer context represents a GTP tunnel between UE
and PGW
• Can be a default bearer context or a dedicated bearer context
• Default EPS bearer context is activated when UE requests a
connection to PGW during EPS attach procedure
• Additionally, the network can activate one or several dedicated
EPS bearer contexts in parallel
7[2] Protocol Signaling Procedures in LTE - Radisys
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LTE Protocol Stack
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NAS (Non-Access Stratum)
• NAS protocols control EPC procedures
• Non-Access Stratum (NAS) resides between the UE and the
MME in the control plane
• NAS is responsible for call processing and session
management functions of creation, deletion, modification
and management of default and dedicated radio bearers
• NAS procedures are grouped in 2 categories:
• EPS Mobility Management (EMM), and
• EPS Session Management (ESM)
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EPC Procedures Summary
10[3] Understanding the bottlenecks in Virtualizing Cellular Core Network Functions – Intel
Labs, Connectem, AT&T Labs
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Network Attach Procedure
11[[2] Protocol Signaling Procedures in LTE - Radisys
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Chained Requests (Control Plane)
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UE
MME UE MME UE MME UE MME HSS MME PGW MME SGW
MME
UE
MME
MME HSS MME PGW MME SGW MME
Control Plane Service Chain with EPC elements only
[[2] Protocol Signaling Procedures in LTE - Radisys
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Chained Requests (Control Plane + Data Plane)
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Downlink Chain
Uplink Chain
MME HSS MME PGW MME SGW MME PGW SGW
MME HSS MME PGW MME SGW MME SGW PGW
[1] Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC) – EPC elements, protocols and procedures –
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Problem Statement
• To determine the placement of mobile core element VNFs and
traffic routing to minimize the network-resource (bandwidth)
consumption, given:
• Network topology, capacity of links
• Set of NFV nodes
• Number of NFV nodes that can be used
• Aggregated traffic flows
• Using a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) procedure (attach, handover)
• Requesting a service (voice, video, data)
• Number of Replicas of each VNF
• Latency requirement of services
• Latency requirement of control signaling
• Processing delay of VNFs
• Propagation delay
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Modeling
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Traffic Aggregation
Point (TAP)
Internet
VoIP
CDN/Video
CDN/Video
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Continued…
• Aggregated traffic flows from and to Traffic Aggregation
Points (TAPs) with data plane traffic (D) and control plane
traffic being a fraction of it (x*D)
• Download with NAS procedure (DNAS)
• Upload with NAS procedure (UNAS)
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s sPG
W
SG
W d
xD xD xD xD D D D
Control Plane Service Chain Data Plane Service Chain
s sSG
W
PG
W d
xD xD xD xD D D D
Control Plane Service Chain Data Plane Service Chain
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Continued…
• Download (DL)
• Upload (UL)
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sPG
W
SG
W d
D D D
Data Plane Service Chain
sSG
W
PG
W d
D D D
Data Plane Service Chain
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Continued..
• To simplify modeling, each aggregated traffic flow, NAS
procedure, uplink/downlink, application request is
considered a distinct service chain, where source (s) and
destination (d) are also VNFs with location constraints
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s sP
G
W
S
G
W d1
xD xD xD xD D D D
Control Plane Service Chain Data Plane Service Chain
Voice
c1
s sP
G
W
S
G
W d2
xD xD xD xD D D D
Control Plane Service Chain Data Plane Service Chain
Voice
c2
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Latency
• Control Plane Latency
• Bearer Setup Latency
• Default Bearer (Attach NAS Procedure) – 500ms
• Dedicated Bearer (Service Request NAS Procedure) – 250 ms
19[1] Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC) – EPC elements, protocols and
procedures – Alcatel Lucent
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Continued…
• Data Plane Latency
• Propagation delay
• Processing delay
20[2] Applying NFV and SDN to LTE Mobile Core Gateways; The Functions Placement
Problem – A. Basta, W. Keller, M. Hoffmann, H. J. Morper, K. Hoffmann
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Delay Budget for Applications
21[3] LTE Design and Deployment Strategies – Z. Savic, Cisco
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vEPC Data Details - 1
22[4] NFV reference architecture for deployment of mobile networks – Red Hat Linux, Jan 2017
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vEPC Data Details - 2
23[5] High-Performance Evolved Packet Core Signaling and Bearer Processing on General-
Purpose Processors – Sprint, Intel, Connectem, NG4T - 2015
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vEPC Data Details - 3
24[5]High-Performance Evolved Packet Core Signaling and Bearer Processing on General-Purpose
Processors – Sprint, Intel, Connectem, NG4T - 2015
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CPU-to-throughput Relationship
25[6] Data Sheet Brocade vEPC
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Mobile Backhaul Bandwidth
26[3] LTE Design and Deployment Strategies – Z. Savic, Cisco
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Continued…
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Results
• Reduction in bandwidth consumption as
• Number of NFV Nodes increase
• Where are these nodes?
• How much compute capacity needs to be installed?
• How many nodes provide a trade-off point
• Number of VNF Replicas increase
• Which VNFs are most distributed and centralized?
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