Virtual Infrastructure Overview
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
Virtual Infrastructure Overview
Module 2
2-2
© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
VMware vSphere: Overview
Course Introduction
Virtual Infrastructure Overview
Creating Virtual Machines
Allocating Resources to Business Functions
Migrating Virtual Machines
Distributing Virtual Machine Workloads
Monitoring the Virtual Datacenter
High Availability and Fault Tolerance
Extending VMware vSphere Capabilities
You Are Here
2-3
© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Importance
Virtualization technology has revolutionized the computer industry by lowering capital and operational costs, providing higher service availability, and providing new data protection mechanisms. This module introduces core virtualization concepts and VMware vSphere®.
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Describe the core concepts of virtualization.
Describe the main components of vSphere.
Describe virtual network components.
Describe datastores.
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Physical Infrastructure
Fibre Channelstorage
FibreChannel
Ethernet
NFSstorage
iSCSIstorage
Network
applicationsoperating system physical host
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Virtual Infrastructure
hypervisor
VMware ESXi™ host
VMware vSphere
VMware vSphere
VMware vSphere
VMware vSphere
FibreChannel
Fibre Channelstorage
Ethernet
NFSstorage
iSCSIstorage
Network
virtual machines
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Physical Versus Virtual Architecture
virtual architecture
x86 architecture
VMware vSphere
physical architecture
x86 architecture
operating system
application
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Hypervisor device emulation
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Chipset Block Diagram
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Device Emulation – Additional Info
Чипсет Intel 440BX
http://www.ixbt.com/mainboard/440bx.html
Intel 440BX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_440BX
List of Intel chipsets
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets#Pentium_Pro.2FII.2FIII_chipsets
Hyper-V generation 2 virtual machines – part 1
http://blogs.technet.com/b/jhoward/archive/2013/10/24/hyper-v-generation-2-virtual-machines-part-1.aspx
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Why Use Virtual Machines?
Easy to move and copy:
Encapsulated into files
Independent of physical hardware
Easy to manage:
Isolated from other virtual machines
Insulated from hardware changes
Provides the ability to support legacy applications
Allows servers to be consolidated
Virtual machinePhysical machine
Difficult to move or copy
Bound to a specific set of hardware components
Often has a short life cycle
Requires personal contact to upgrade hardware
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Virtualization Using a Bare-Metal Hypervisor
ESXi uses a hypervisor architecture.
A bare-metal hypervisor system does not require an operating system. The hypervisor is the operating system.
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Resource Sharing
vSphere
x86 architecture
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
x86 architecture
operating system
application
CPU Virtualization
virtual architecture
x86 architecture
vSphere
physical architecture
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Hypervisor Systems classification
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Full Virtualization with Binary Translation (BT)
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Hardware Assisted Virtualization / Paravirtualization
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage
physical architecture virtual architecture
x86 architecture
operating system
x86 architecture
vSphere
application
1GB 2GB 8GB
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Virtual Memory Concept
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Hypervisor Memory Virtualization
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Software Memory Virtualization (Shadow Pages)
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Second Level Address Translation (SLAT – Nested Pages)
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Hardware Virtualization – Additional Info
Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization, and Hardware Assist
http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/VMware_paravirtualization.pdf
Update: Support for guest OS paravirtualization using VMware VMI to be retired from new products in 2010-2011
http://blogs.vmware.com/guestosguide/2009/09/vmi-retirement.html
Paravirtualization with ESX (din curiozitate, in versiunile noi lipseste)
http://www.virtuallifestyle.nl/2008/10/paravirtualization-with-esx/
Hardware Virtualization: the Nuts and Bolts
http://www.anandtech.com/show/2480/10
Hardware Virtualization; The Nuts and Bolts (Level 300)
http://www.dfisica.ubi.pt/~hgil/utils/Virtualization_Nuts.&.Bolts.html
In-depth Overview of x86 Server Virtualization Technology
http://www.cubrid.org/blog/dev-platform/x86-server-virtualization-technology/
Basics of Memory Management – Part 1
http://vmnomad.blogspot.com/2011/05/basics-of-memory-management.html
Basics of Memory Management - Part 2
http://vmnomad.blogspot.com/2011/05/basics-of-memory-management-part-2.html
Virtual Machines: Virtualizing Virtual Memory
http://corensic.wordpress.com/2011/12/05/virtual-machines-virtualizing-virtual-memory/
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
VMware ESXi vs Microsoft Hyper-V
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Hypervisor Architecture
VMware ESXi Microsoft Hyper-V
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
VMware ESXi vs Microsoft Hyper-V – Additional Info
Обновленное сравнение функциональных возможностей VMware vSphere 5.1 и инфраструктуры Microsoft Hyper-V 3.0 в Windows Server 2012.
http://www.vmgu.ru/news/vmware-vsphere-51-hyper-v-windows-server-2012-comparison
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: high available VMs
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/14/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-high-available-vms/
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: storage integration
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/14/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-storage-integration/
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: live migrations
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/14/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-live-migrations/
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: costs
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/17/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-costs/
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: Resource metering for chargeback
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/17/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-resource-metering-for-chargeback/
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
What Is VMware vSphere?
An infrastructure virtualization suite that provides virtualization, management, resource optimization, application availability, and operational automation capabilities
It consists of the following components:
VMware ESXi
VMware vCenter Server™
VMware vSphere® Client™
VMware vSphere® VMFS
VMware vSphere® Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
vSphere Networking
Virtual networking (vNetwork) capabilities optimally align physical and virtual machine networking and provide the networking for hosts and virtual machines.
vNetwork supports two types of virtual switches:
vNetwork standard switches
• Virtual switch configuration for a single host
vNetwork distributed switches
• Virtual switches that provide a consistent network configuration for virtual machines as they migrate across multiple hosts
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
What Is a Virtual Network? What Is a Virtual Switch?
A virtual switch:
Directs network traffic between virtual machines and links to external networks.
Combines the bandwidth of multiple network adapters and balances traffic among them. It can also handle physical network interface card (NIC) failover.
Models a physical Ethernet switch:• A virtual machine’s NIC can
connect to a port.
• Each uplink adapter uses one port.
VMware vSphere 5 : Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
External World
physical switch
operating system
application
Virtual NIC
ports
operating system
application
Virtual NIC
operating system
application
Virtual NIC
Physical NIC
A virtual network provides the networking for hosts and virtual machines that use virtual switches.
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Benefits of Distributed Virtual Switches
Benefits of distributed switches over standard switches: Simplify datacenter administration
Provide support for private VLANs, Port mirroring, Netflow, Network I/O Control
Enable networking statistics and policies to migrate with virtual machines during a migration using VMware vMotion™
Provide for customization and third-party development
vSwitch vSwitchvSwitch
Distributed Virtual Switch
standard switches distributed switches
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
vSphere Storage Choices
storage
technology
datastore
types
FCoE iSCSIFibre
ChannelDirect
Attached
Filesystem
NAS
NFSVMware vSphere VMFS
ESXi hosts
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
VMFS and NFS Datastores
A datastore is a logical storage unit, which can use disk space on one physical device or one disk partition, or span several physical devices.
Types of datastores:
VMFS
Network File System (NFS)
Datastores are used to hold virtual machines, templates, and ISO images.
datastore
volume
VM content
ESXi host
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Management Made Easy
The vSphere Client allows you to centrally manage your vSphere environment.
At the login screen, enter:
Host name or IP address of the vCenter Server system
Windows user and password
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
User Interfaces
vSphere Client
Web Client
ESXi host
Yourdesktop
vCenterServer
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Navigating the vSphere Client
search boxmenu bar
navigation bar
Home page
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Viewing vCenter Server Inventory
The vCenter Server inventory panels organize objects into a hierarchy.
Hosts and Clusters Datastores
VMs and Templates Networks
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Lab 1
In this lab, you will become familiar with the vSphere Client user interface.
Use the vSphere Client to log in to vCenter Server.
Navigate through the vCenter Server inventory.
View licensing information.
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:
Describe the core concepts of virtualization.
Describe the main components of vSphere.
Describe virtual network components.
Describe datastores.
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© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A
Key Points
Virtual infrastructure allows dynamic mapping of compute, storage, and network resources to business applications.
Virtualization allows multiple operating system instances to run concurrently on a single computer within virtual machines.
vSphere aggregates physical hardware resources and provides virtual resources to the datacenter.