Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen...
-
Upload
asher-bryan -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
0
Transcript of Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen...
![Page 1: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Virology22-2-11
![Page 2: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Diagnostic methods in virology
Detection of virus
Detection of viral antigen
Detection of viral genome
Detection of serological response
![Page 3: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Detection of viral antigensAntisera (mono or polyclonal) are used to
detect viral antigen
These assays can be sensitive as they can detect antigens of disrupted viral particles
They are pathogen specific - separate immuno-assay must be used for each pathogen
In contrast electron microscopy and culture are catch all techniques which detect all pathogens
![Page 4: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MethodsAntigen capture ELISA - eg rotavirus, HBsAg, HIV
Latex particle agglutination (LPA) eg rotavirus
Immunoflouresence - eg RSV, influenza,
![Page 5: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Viral antigen detection: ELISA for rotavirus
![Page 6: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ELISA for Hep C antibody
![Page 7: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Virus antigen detection: Latex particle agglutination for rotavirus
![Page 8: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Virus antigen detection: Immunofluorescence - direct
![Page 9: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Virus antigen detection: Immunofluorescence of RSV-infected
nasopharyngeal cells
![Page 10: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Detection of viral genome
Genome amplification eg. PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
![Page 11: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Viral genome detection: qPCR
![Page 12: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Viral genome detection: PCR
![Page 13: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Detection of serological responseIgM detection
Detection of rising titre: ELISA, complement fixation test, haemagglutination inhibition
![Page 14: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Detection of serological response: Antigen capture ELISA for HIV
antibody
![Page 15: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Case 1The following is a report from a lady with a
10-year history of fatigue, anorexia and elevated LFTs.
Hepatitis B surface antigen: negative
Hepatitis C antibody: positive
Hepatitis C antibody immunoblot confirmation: positive Banding pattern: c100 c33 c22 NS5
3+ 3+ 4+4+
![Page 16: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Case 1What additional tests would you request?
What your treatment options
![Page 17: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Case 2You are given the following results on two
different patients.
Are there any differences between the profiles?
What implications (if any) are there for these differences?
![Page 18: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Case 2
Patient 1:
Tests Results
EIA for HBsAg Positive
***Infection Risk***
Hepatitis B e antigen Negative
Hepatitis B e antibody Positive
Hepatitis B core IgM antibody Negative
Report comment: Hepatitis B result profile consistent with
chronic hepatitis B infection.
![Page 19: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Case 2Patient 2:
Tests Results
EIA for HBsAg Positive
***Infection Risk***
Hepatitis B e antigen Positive
***High Infection Risk***
Hepatitis B e antibody Negative
Hepatitis B core IgM antibody Positive: 250 IU/ml.
Report comment: Hepatitis B result profile consistent with
chronic hepatitis B infection.
![Page 20: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Case 2
Do you agree with the comments?
What additional test(s) would you request for after a discussion with the microbiologist?
![Page 21: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Case 3
You have vaccinated 2 patients against hepatitis B virus for the purpose of foreign travel.
What test would you request to assess the vaccination status?
Comment on the following results.
![Page 22: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Case 3
Patient 1:
Hepatits B surface antibody: >1000 mIU/ml
Patient 2:
Hepatitis B surface antibody: <10 mIU/ml
![Page 23: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Case 4A patient presents with malaise, elevated
LFTs and a history of intravenous drug abuse. You are given the following result:
Hepatitis B surface antigen: Positive
Hepatitis B surface antibody: Negative
Report comment: If this is the first positive serological test on this patient, please repeat to confirm.
![Page 24: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Case 4
Comment on the above report.
What additional tests would you request?
![Page 25: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Case 4
Hepatitis B surface antigen: Positive
***Infection Risk***
Hepatitis B e antigen: Positive
***High Infection Risk***
Hepatitis B e antibody: Negative
Hepatitis B core IgM antibody: Negative
Hepatitis B core total antibody: Positive
Report comment: ………..
What is your report comment?
![Page 26: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Case 5A 23 year old female patient presents to the A/E
department with malaise, lymphadenopathy, malaise and a rash. She has a history of unsafe sexual activity.
What investigations would you request?
![Page 27: Virology 22-2-11. Diagnostic methods in virology Detection of virus Detection of viral antigen Detection of viral genome Detection of serological response.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042615/56649d8c5503460f94a73841/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Case 5Shown below is one of the patient’s
laboratory results:
Tests Results
EIA for anti-HIV 1 (Organon) Positive
EIA for anti-HIV 1+2 (Murex) Positive
Report comment: ***confirmed anti-HIV 1 positive***
What additional tests would you require?
What would you advise the patient?