VirginiaVirginiaVirginiaVirginia

Lost Colony of Roanoke

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofhIJ1wMKtc

The Charter of the Virginia Company:The Charter of the Virginia Company:

§ Same rights as EnglandSame rights as England

§ Joint Stock CompanyJoint Stock Company

§ 1607-Jamestown 1607-Jamestown

settlement is foundedsettlement is founded

§ http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssS6UoBoiucv=ssS6UoBoiuc

§ http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZINHFyVDp3sv=ZINHFyVDp3s

English ColonizationEnglish ColonizationEnglish ColonizationEnglish Colonization

Jamestown Fort & SettlementJamestown Fort & Settlement MapMap

Jamestown Fort & SettlementJamestown Fort & Settlement MapMap

High Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality Rates

The “Starving Time”:The “Starving Time”:1607: 104 colonists1607: 104 colonists

By spring, 1608: 38 survivedBy spring, 1608: 38 survived

1609: 300 more immigrants1609: 300 more immigrants

By spring, 1610: 60 survivedBy spring, 1610: 60 survived

1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants

1624 population: 1,2001624 population: 1,200

Adult life expectancy: 40 yearsAdult life expectancy: 40 years

Death of children before age 5: Death of children before age 5: 80%80%

Pocahontas

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlFlko7LbH4

Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy:Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy:

§ Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic footing.footing.

§ Ruinous to soil when continuously planted.Ruinous to soil when continuously planted.

§ Chained VA’s economy to a single crop.Chained VA’s economy to a single crop.

§ Promoted use of plantation system – Promoted use of plantation system – NEEDED cheap, abundant laborNEEDED cheap, abundant labor

Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”

Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”

1624 James I revoked the charter of the 1624 James I revoked the charter of the bankrupt VA Company.bankrupt VA Company.

§ Thus, VA became a royal colony, under Thus, VA became a royal colony, under the king’s direct control!the king’s direct control!

Virginia Becomes a Royal Virginia Becomes a Royal ColonyColony

Virginia Becomes a Royal Virginia Becomes a Royal ColonyColony

By 1660, tobacco prices By 1660, tobacco prices tumbled - discontent tumbled - discontent among landless laborers among landless laborers and small farmersand small farmers

Poor farmers settled onto Poor farmers settled onto Indian land in Western VA Indian land in Western VA despite treaties and Indians despite treaties and Indians attacked farmsattacked farms

Colonists demanded war Colonists demanded war with the Indianswith the Indians

Nathaniel Bacon’s Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676Rebellion: 1676

Nathaniel Bacon’s Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676Rebellion: 1676

Nathaniel Nathaniel BaconBacon

GovernorGovernorWilliam William BerkeleyBerkeley http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=AJIkSHD2k0w

Gov. William Berkley refused to retaliate for Gov. William Berkley refused to retaliate for Indian attacks on frontier settlementsIndian attacks on frontier settlements

Berkeley had close relationship with IndiansBerkeley had close relationship with Indians

monopolized the fur trade with Indiansmonopolized the fur trade with Indians

Bacon led 1,000 Virginians in a rebellion Bacon led 1,000 Virginians in a rebellion against Governor Berkeleyagainst Governor Berkeley..

Looted wealthy plantations

Burned Jamestown to the ground

AS A RESULT……

H. of Burgesses limited governor’s power and opened Indian land to colonists to settle

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s RebellionBacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Resentment between inland frontiersmen Resentment between inland frontiersmen and landless former servants against gentry and landless former servants against gentry on coastal plantations.on coastal plantations.

§ Socio-economic class differences/clashes Socio-economic class differences/clashes between rural and urban communities would between rural and urban communities would continue throughout American history.continue throughout American history.

Upper class planters searched for laborers less Upper class planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel likely to rebel BLACK SLAVES!! BLACK SLAVES!!

Results of Bacon’s Results of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

Results of Bacon’s Results of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

MarylandMarylandMarylandMaryland

George Calvert (1George Calvert (1stst Lord Lord

Baltimore’s dream)Baltimore’s dream)

King Charles I grantedKing Charles I granted

Charter to son Cecilius in 1632.Charter to son Cecilius in 1632.

A A proprietary proprietary colony colony created in 1634.created in 1634.

Tobacco would be the Tobacco would be the main crop.main crop.

Easier time with IndiansEasier time with Indians

The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland

The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland

St Mary’s City St Mary’s City (1634)(1634)St Mary’s City St Mary’s City (1634)(1634)

Purpose: to prevent repeat of persecution of Purpose: to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants.Catholics by Protestants.

Toleration Act of 1649Toleration Act of 1649

§ Supported by the Catholics in MD.Supported by the Catholics in MD.

§ Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.

§ Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].

§ In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!was passed!!

Intent of the ColonyIntent of the ColonyIntent of the ColonyIntent of the Colony

The Carolinas

The Carolinas

* Rewarded supporters with huge land tracts-Carolinas-NY-NJ-GA-DE

Carolina (North)Named after the KingCharles II- 8 supporters- Proprietary colony-Very Democratic-Religious toleration-Frontiersmen, working class

By 1720, N & S Carolina were a Royal Colony!

Port of Charles Town, SCPort of Charles Town, SCPort of Charles Town, SCPort of Charles Town, SC

1712, split into 2 colonies

Also named for King Charles II of England.

Became the busiest port in the South.

City with aristocratic feel

Religious toleration attracted inhabitants.

The primary export.

Rice was still an exotic food in England.

By 1710, black slaves majority

in South Carolina

By 1720, 2/3 of population

Crops : RiceCrops : RiceCrops : RiceCrops : Rice

American Long American Long Grain RiceGrain Rice

Crops : IndigoCrops : IndigoCrops : IndigoCrops : Indigo

In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.

Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

GeorgiaGeorgia

18c Southern Colonies18c Southern Colonies18c Southern Colonies18c Southern Colonies

Late-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming Georgia

Founded in 1733, By James Oglethorpe.

Last of the 13 colonies.

Named in honor of King George II.

Proprietary charter granted for 21 yrs to group of Trustees

Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyGeorgia--The “Buffer” ColonyGeorgia--The “Buffer” ColonyGeorgia--The “Buffer” Colony

Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:

§ Social Experiment – Fresh start for the “poor,” haven for debtors thrown into prison

§ As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.

No Alcohol.

No slavery.

* Slavery found in GAby 1750.

Failed Attempt

• Georgia different from the other 12 in that it actually received $$$$ from Parliament to get it started as a proprietary colony

• Couldn’t establish self government and gave up before their 21 year charter expired

• Became a royal colony in 1752