VIRAL MESSENGER RNA

DEVELOPMENTS IN MOLECULAR VIROLOGY

Yechiel Becker, Series Editor Julia Hadar, Managing Editor

Other books in the series: Becker, Y. (ed.) Herpesvirus DNA (1981) Becker, Y. (ed.) Replication of Viral and Cellular Genomes (1983) Kohn, A. and Fuchs, P. (eds.) Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis: From Gene to Pathogen (1984) Becker, Y. (ed.) Antiviral Drugs and Interferon: The Molecular Basis of their Activity (1984) Becker, Y. (ed.) Recombinant DNA Research and Viruses: Cloning and Expression of Viral Genes (1985) Feitelson, M. Molecular Components of Hepatitis B Virus (1985)

VIRAL MESSENGER RNA Transcription, Processing, Splicing and Molecular Structure

edited by

Yechiel Becker The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Julia Hadar, Managing Editor

~

" Martinus Nijhoff Publishing a member of the Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Boston/DordrechtiLancaster

Distributors for North America: Kluwer Academic Publishers 190 Old Derby Street Hingham, MA 02043

Distributors Outside North America: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre P.O. Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht The Netherlands

The figure on the cover is reprinted with permiSSIOn from the Journal of Molecular Biology (Volume 166, page 497, 1983) and from the Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology (Volume 47, page 1002, 1983). This figure is also reproduced on page 56 of this book.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title:

Viral messenger RNA.

(Developments in molecular virology) Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Messenger ribonucleic acid. 2. Genetic transcription.

3. Viruses, RNA. 4. Viral genetics. l. Becker, Yechiel. II. Title: Viral messenger RNA. III. Series. [DNLM: I. RNA, Messenger-genetics. 2. RNA, Viral­genetics. 3. Transcription, Genetic. WI DE998DG / QW 168 V813j QR458.V57 1985 576 '.64 84-27206

ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9621-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2585-7

e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2585-7

Copyright 1985 © by Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher, Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, Massachusetts 02043.

List of Contributors

Preface

General

Biogenesis of messenger RNA Joseph R. Nevins

2

CONTENTS

The interaction between viral messenger RNA and eukaryotic initiation factor 2, a protein involved in translational control Raymond Kaempfer

Phage mRNA

3 Bacteriophage T7 mRNAs F. William Studier

4 Analysis of viral transcription-termination signals Alik Honigman, Hana C. Hyman and Amos B. Oppenheim

mRNA of DNA viruses

5 Herpesvirus mRNA Edward K. Wagner, Robert H. Costa, B. Gayathri Devi, Kenneth G. Draper, Raymond J. Frink, Linda M. Hall, Marcia K. Rice, and William Steinhart

6 Organization and control of the mRNA of the HSV TK gene James R. Smiley

7 Use of cloned Epstein-Barr virus DNA to identify genes that determine the fate of viral infection Jeff Sample, Gerald Lancz and Meihan Nonoyama

8 Adenoviral hnRNA is associated with the host nuclear matrix during processing W.J. van Venrooij, R. Verheijen and E.C. Mariman

1

3

21

49

51

63

77

79

101

127

147

VI

mRNA of RNA viruses

9 Reovirus mRNA W.K. Joklik

1 0 Transcription of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome RNA Amiya K. Banerjee, Bishnu P. De, and AngelEs Sanchez

11 Influenza viral RNA transcription Robert M. Krug, Ann Beaton, Janet Braam and Michael Katze

12 Transcription by La Crosse virus Jean L. Patterson and Daniel Kolakofsky

13 mRNAs of Uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus Ralf F. Pettersson, Esa Kuismanen, Ragna Rdnnholm and Ismo Ulmanen

14 Foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA Jose L. La Torre and Eduardo A. Scodeller

1 5 The expression and organization of the alphavirus genome H. Sdderlund, K. Takkinen, A. Jalanko and N. Kalkkinen

16 A short segment of viral DNA is required for the stimulation of transcription of mouse mammary tumor virus genes by glucocorticoid hormones H. Diggelmann, E. Buetti, D. Owen, N. Fasel, J. Firzlaff, A.L. Vessaz and K. Pearson

17 The interactions of viral proteins with Rous sarcoma virus RNA and possible control of reverse transcription, translation and virion assembly Jean-Luc Darlix, Claude Meric and Pierre-Francois Spahr

Index

165

167

197

:?:?5

257

283

301

339

355

373

CONTRIBUTORS

Amiya K. Banerjee Roche Institute of Molecular Biology Roche Research Center Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA

Ann Beaton Molecular Biology and Virology Program Graduate School of Medical Sciences Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York 10021, USA

Janet Braam Molecular Biology and Virology Program Graduate School of Medical Sciences Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York 10021, USA

E. Buetti Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research CH-1066 Epalinges, SWITZERLAND

Robert H. Costa Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California Irvine, California 92717, USA

Jean-Luc Darlix Department of Molecular Biology University of Geneva 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4, SWITZERLAND

Bishnu P. De Roche Institute of Molecular Biology Roche Research Center Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA

B. Gayathri Devi Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California Irvine, California 92717, USA

H. Diggelmann Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research CH-1066 Epalinges, SWITZERLAND

Kenneth G. Draper Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California Irvine, California 92717, USA

viii

N. Fasel Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research CH-l066 Epalinges, SWITZERLAND

J. Firzlaff Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research CH-l066 Epalinges, SWITZERLAND

Raymond J. Frink Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California Irvine, California 92717, USA

Linda M. Hall Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California Irvine, California 92717, USA

Aiik flonigman Dfpartment of Molecular Genetics The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School P .O.B. 1172 91 010 Jerusalem, ISRAEL

Hana C. Hyman Department of Molecular Genetics The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School P.0.B.1172 91 010 Jerusalem, ISRAEL

A. Jalanko Recombinant DNA Laboratory University of Helsinki Valimotie 7 00380 Helsinki 38, FINLAND

W. K Joklik Department of Microbiology and Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA

Raymond Kaempfer Department of Molecular Virology The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School P .O.B. 1172 91 010 Jerusalem, ISRAEL

N. Kalkkinen Recombinant DNA Laboratory University of Helsinki Valimotie 7 00380 Helsinki 38, FINLAND

ix

Michael Katze Molecular Biology and Virology Program Graduate School of Medical Sciences Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York 10021, USA

Daniel Kolakofsky Department of Microbiology University of Geneva Medical School 64, Ave. de la Roseraie 1205 Geneva, SWITZERLAND

Robert M. Krug Molecular Biology and Virology Program Graduate School of Medical Sciences Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York 10021, USA

Esa Kuismanen Recombinant DNA Laboratory University of Helsinki Valimotie 7 SF-00380 Helsinki 38, FINLAND

Gerald Lancz Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology The University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33612, USA

Jose L. La Torre Centro de Virologia Animal Serrano 661 - 1414 Capital, ARGENTINA

E. C. Mariman Department of Biochemistry University of Nijmegen Geert Grooteplein N21 6525 EZ Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS

Claude Meric Department of Molecular Biology University of Geneva 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4, SWITZERLAND

Joseph R. Nevins The Rockefeller University New York, New York 10021, USA

Meihan Nonoyama Showa University Research Institute for Biomedicine in Florida Clearwater, Florida 33520, USA

x

Amos B. Oppenheim Department of Molecular Genetics The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School P.O.B. 1172 91 010 Jerusalem, ISRAEL

D. Owen Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research CH-1066 Epalinges, SWITZERLAND

Jean L. Patterson Dept. of Microbiology University of Geneva Medical School 64, Ave. de la Roseraie 1205 Geneva, SWITZERLAND

K. Pearson

Present address: Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115, USA

Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research CH-1066 Epalinges, SWITZERLAND

Ralf F. Pettersson Recombinant DNA Laboratory University of Helsinki Valimotie 7 SF-00380 Helsinki 38, FINLAND

Marcia K. Rice Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California Irvine, California 92717, USA

Ragna Ronnholm Recombinant DNA Laboratory University of Helsinki Valimotie 7 SF-00380 Helsinki 38, FINLAND

Jeff Sample Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology The University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33612, USA

Angeles Sanchez Roche Institute of Molecular Biology Roche Research Center Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA

Eduardo A. Scodeller Centro de Virologia Animal Serrano 661 - 1414 Capital, ARGENTINA

XI

James R. Smiley Pathology Department McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA

H. Soderlund Recombinant DNA Laboratory University of Helsinki Valimotie 7 00380 Helsinki 38, FINLAND

Pierre-Francois Spahr Department of Molecular Biology University of Geneva 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4, SWITZERLAND

William Steinhart Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California Irvine, California 92717, USA

F. William Studier Biology Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York 11973, USA

K. Takkinen Recombinant DNA Laboratory University of Helsinki Valimotie 7 00380 Helsinki 38, FINLAND

Ismo Ulmanen Recombinant DNA Laboratory University of Helsinki Valimotie 7 SF-00380 Helsinki 38, FINLAND

W. J. van Venrooij Department of Biochemistry University of Nijmegen Geert Grooteplein N21 6525 EZ Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS

R. Verheijen Department of Biochemistry University of Nijmegen Geert Grooteplein N21 6525 EZ Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS

xii

A. L. Vessaz Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research CH-1066 Epalinges, SWITZERLAND

Edward K. Wagner Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California Irvine, California 92717, USA

PREFACE

The nucleotide sequence of the gene from which messenger RNA mole­cules are transcribed is in a form that can be translated by cellular ribosomes into the amino acid sequence of a particular polypeptide, the product of the gene. The discovery of messenger RNA more than twenty years ago led to a series of studies on its organization and function in cells in the presence of infecting viruses.

This volume is devoted to current studies in the field of cellular and viral messenger RNA. The studies presented provide an insight into molecular and genetic aspects of messenger RNA. Special attention was paid by the authors to the molecular organization of mRNA species, to the processing of mRNA molecules, and to the different strategies employed by DNA and RNA viruses in the synthesis of their mRNA. The ability of a virus to take over the protein-synthesizing mechanisms of an infected cell depends on its ability to produce mRNA molecules which can affect the host mRNA or utilize cellular components more efficiently. The differences between, and similarities of, the strategies of mRNA synthesis devised by various DNA and RNA viruses are described herein.

This book should be of interest to all students of cellular and viral genes and scientists in the field. It is suitable as a textbook for

workshops and courses on mRNA. I wish to thank the authors for their fine contributions and for their

interest.

Yechiel Becker

Jerusalem

VIRAL MESSENGER RNA