VINNOVA - Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems Lena Gustasson

EU Research and Innovation Strategies: EU Research and Innovation Strategies: Lessons for Thailand and Emerging EconomiesLessons for Thailand and Emerging Economies

25-26 April 2007 Bangkok

Choosing national research Choosing national research priorities in Swedenpriorities in Sweden

VINNOVA - Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems

Lena GustassonDeputy Director General

R&D as part of GDP

Statistics – SCB, Sweden

Choosing national research Choosing national research priorities in Sweden:priorities in Sweden:

How are research priorities How are research priorities selected (selected (specific characteristics at national, specific characteristics at national,

regional, local levelsregional, local levels)?)? What factors are taken into What factors are taken into

account?account? How are these research How are these research

priorities managed in practice?priorities managed in practice?

R&D expenditure in relation to GDP

0,0% 0,5% 1,0% 1,5% 2,0% 2,5% 3,0% 3,5% 4,0% 4,5% 5,0%

Israel (2002)

Sweden

Finland

Japan

Korea

United States (2003)

Switzerland

Germany (2002)

Denmark

France (2002)

Belgium

Netherlands

United Kingdom

Canada (2002)

Norway

New Zealand

Ireland

Universities & collegesGovernment organisations

Business sector

Source: OECD MSTI, 2004

Per cent of GDP

How does the How does the Swedish R&D Swedish R&D system look?system look?

Swedish National Innovation System CharacteristicsCharacteristics:

• The big international companies dominates the R&D-The big international companies dominates the R&D-systemsystem

• The economy is strongly internationally linkedThe economy is strongly internationally linked

• SME invest very little in R&DSME invest very little in R&D

• Universities dominates the public R&D-system and they Universities dominates the public R&D-system and they have a third task, to cooperate with companies and society have a third task, to cooperate with companies and society

• Small sector of Research-institutesSmall sector of Research-institutes

• Government invests very little R&D-money in companies Government invests very little R&D-money in companies outside the military sector outside the military sector

How are research priorities selected?How are research priorities selected?– who are involved in the process?

• At the national level the Swedish government is organized within the Government Office - a politically controlled entity. Sweden is currently organized according to 13 ministries13 ministries that influence the influence the directiondirection of the Swedish research and innovation policy. All ministries support research activities in their sector of responsibility= POLICYFORMING MINISTRIES POLICYFORMING MINISTRIES

• The Swedish institutional system is characterised by relatively small ministries. This implies that functions held by ministries This implies that functions held by ministries in other countries fall under the responsibility of in other countries fall under the responsibility of government government agenciesagencies in Sweden in Sweden= IMPLEMENTING AGENICIES IMPLEMENTING AGENICIES

Major public actors in Swedish research and innovation policy formulation 2006 – NATIONAL NATIONAL

LEVEL!LEVEL!

InstitutesUniversities

Civil mission oriented R&D agencies (VINNOVA, STEM, SNSB)

Defence oriented R&D agencies

Venture capital bodies ( The Innovation Bridge & The Industrial Fund

Research councils (VR, FAS, FORMAS)

Business development agencies (NUTEK & ALMI)

Policy Intelligence (ITPS, GPC, RPC)

FDI promotion (ISA)

Municipalities and County councils (R&D)*

The Government

Semi Public R&D Foundations

R&D financing

R&D performers

General policy

Business development & financing

Selected Groups of National Key Actors

Policy intelligence (Budget: MSEK 75 )

ITPS = The Institute for Growth Policy Studies

IPC = Globalization Policy Council

RPC = Research Policy Council

Research Councils (Budget: MSEK 3 634)

VR = The Swedish Research Council

FAS = The Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research

FORMAS = Swedish Research Council for Environment etc.

Defence oriented agencies (Budget:

MSEK 4 183)

Civ mission ori. R&D agencies (Budget: MSEK 2 716)

VINNOVA = The Swedish Gov. Agency for Innovation Systems

STEM = The Swedish Energy Agency

SNSB = The Swedish National Space Board

Universities (Budget: MSEK 10 794)

Institutes (Budget: MSEK 339)

Business Development Agencies (Budget: MSEK 2 200)

NUTEK = The Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth

ALMI = ALMI Business Partner

FDI promotion (Budget: MSEK 101)

ISA = Invest in Sweden Agency

Venture capital bodies (Budget: MSEK 700)

The Innovation Bridge

The Industrial Fund

Municipalities & County councils (R&D) (Estimated Budget: MSEK 7 000)

Semi Public R&D Foundations (Budget: MSEK 1678)

Based on data from Statistics Sweden and the agencies. Modified by P.Sandgren,VINNOVA, 2006

= R&D financing

Two policy councils for innovation governance:

The Research policy council (RPC) and the Globalization policy council (GPC): RPC was established in 1962 and plays a

significant role in the preparation of the R&D bill every fourth year.

GPC on the other hand is a brand new

constellation with a competitiveness focus.

Research councils – Sector Agencies – Foundations Research councils – Sector Agencies – Foundations

R&D – R&I Performers R&D – R&I Performers

Major R&D flows in the Swedish system 2003 (MSEK)

Swedish financers

Performing sectorsStatistics Sweden, 2005. Modified by P.Sandgren VINNOVA, 2006.

Business financing

63

Public financing

24

PNP Org. financing

2

Business Sector

72

Universities21

Gov. Agencies3

Financing from Abroad7

A heavy concentration to

business and universitites

Large Large companies companies dominates dominates

R&DR&D

R&D in Swedish industry 2003 by product field

Källa: SCB

A few industries (A few industries (no more no more than 20 companies perform than 20 companies perform nearly 70% of total business nearly 70% of total business R&D in SwedenR&D in Sweden) dominates ) dominates R&D and thereby their focus R&D and thereby their focus

influences R&D influences R&D

– – but it is not that simple!but it is not that simple!

Actual priority process for Swedish research and innovation policy, 2007

POLICYAGENDA

Politicans

Clerks at the ministries

Media

Influ

enci

ng b

y w

orki

ng a

s gat

ekee

pers

an

d by

rai

sing

aw

aren

ess t

hrou

ghsp

ecta

cula

r ne

wse

vent

s

Influencing by network activities, direct communication and tacit agreements among the policy entrepreneurs and the policy makers

Entrepreneurs

The Research Community

Influencing by providing indicators strengthening or weakening the importance of particular policy issues

Agencies

Industrial Groups

EU

Other Stakeholders

Venture Capitalists

EC Commission, Trend Chart - Annual Innovation Policy Trends and Appraisal Report. P.Sandgren, VINNOVA, 2006

Research priorities in the latest national research

bill for Sweden, 2005

Research

Graduate Schools

International CompetitiveResearch Environments

Prioritized research areas:•Life Sciences

•Engineering

•Sustainable Development

Market

Improved possibilities for the Universities

to work with commercialization

Improved transfer of knowledge between the universities, the industrial institutes and the

business community

Improved supply of seed financing

Source: Prop 2004/2005:80, p.147

Note: The figure has been slightly modified by Patrik Sandgren, VINNOVA, 2005

= National Innovation Strategy= National Innovation Strategy

= Policy Framework for R&I Policy= Policy Framework for R&I Policy

MC2 - Chalmers

NanotechnologySystems Biology

CARS Microscopy

Sweden has and is focussing on

hightechnology

Major public R&D-funding organizations in Sweden and their budgets 2006

Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and

Communications

Research Council for EnvironmentSpatial Planning and Agricultural Sciences (FORMAS)60 M€

2 % of 2 % of Gov.Gov.

Ministry of the Environ-ment

Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems

VINNOVA150 M€


Other civilian agencies390 M€


Swedish Energy Agency (STEM)85 M€


Research Council for Working Life and Social Sciences(FAS)30 M€


Ministry of

Health and

Social Affairs

Swedish Research Council(Vetenskaps-rådet)300 M€


Ministry of Education

and Research

Swedish National Space Board55 M€


VINNOVA, Division for Strategy Development, 2007

Gross Domestic Product: 2826 GSEK (304 G€) Government R&D-funding: 0.94% of GDP = 26,4 GSEK (2,8 G€)

Mainly curiosity driven/

free researchMainly needs-driven/

mission oriented research

Universities1160 M€


Public resear

ch found.

165 M€


Defence agencies445 M€


Ministry of

Defence

The Research and Innovation cycle:

Research: Money transformation toKnowledge & Competence

Innovation: Knowledge & Competence

transformation to Money

Developing innovation systeminnovation system is to make above efficient, i.e. to make investment in R&D profitable. Identify bottlenecks and possibilities.

Choosing national research priorities in Choosing national research priorities in Sweden:Sweden:

What factors are taken into account? What factors are taken into account? - Sustainable growth of the country in a globalSustainable growth of the country in a global perspective (innovation and growth)!perspective (innovation and growth)!

- The scientist’s individual driving force to The scientist’s individual driving force to solve scientific questions (scientific curiosity)!solve scientific questions (scientific curiosity)!

Curiosity drivenBasic research

(Bohr)

Eg. VINNOVA - Mission orientied –

-40%Needs-driven

Basic research(Pasteur)

Applied not Scientifically basic research

(Edison)

YesNo

Yes

No

GoalEconomic or social

use

GoalScientific progress

Curiosity driven and needs-driven research

Eg. VR – Curiosity

driven - 60%

There is a clear trend for There is a clear trend for national R&D programmes national R&D programmes

to focus on a number of to focus on a number of STRONG R&I STRONG R&I

ENVIRONMENTS!ENVIRONMENTS!

1) Financial support - in 1) Financial support - in competition – from competition – from

different R&I financiers! different R&I financiers! - this results in selected - this results in selected

profiles!profiles!

2) In addition, R&D 2) In addition, R&D focuses are selected at focuses are selected at

different levels (ministries different levels (ministries etc.) – after etc.) – after

national/global etc. national/global etc. “analyses”!“analyses”!

Eg. medicineEg. medicine

Eg. woodEg. wood

Eg. Nano materialsEg. Nano materials

Eg. ICTEg. ICT

Eg. Biotech Eg. Biotech toolstools

Eg. Social scienceEg. Social science

Type of Centre and Type of Centre and financier:financier:

1) Different types of 1) Different types of R(&I) Excellence R(&I) Excellence

CentresCentres

2)2) Regional “WIN-Growth Regional “WIN-Growth CentresCentres

Experience and research Experience and research shows that shows that geographic geographic proximity and densityproximity and density brings competitive brings competitive advantages as regards advantages as regards collaboration, learning, collaboration, learning, access to competence access to competence in collaboration and in collaboration and business exploitation.business exploitation.

WIN-GROWTHWIN-GROWTH

Effective innovation systems

Triple Helix Interaction• Business• University• Government/Public Sector

Sustainable growth requires interaction between business, university and government/public sector

The interaction results in new products, services, and processes.

Ludvika

Falun

Uppsala

Fagersta

Hudiksvall

Sundsvall

Ljusdal

Söderhamn

Härjedalen

ÖstersundKramfors

Umeå

Örnsköldsvik

Vilhelmina

Gävle

Åre

Strömsund

Skövde

Jönköping

Borås

Lidköping

Ljungby

Kristianstad

Karlshamn

Kalmar

Karlskrona

Oskarshamn

Gotland

Västerås

Eskilstuna

Katrineholm

Nyköping

Stockholm

Köping

Örebro

Skellefteå

Norrköping

Växjö

Linköping

Västervik

Nässjö

Vimmerby

Luleå

Överkalix

Kalix

Övertorneå

Gällivare

Pajala

Storuman

Sorsele

Arjeplog

Jokkmokk

Kiruna

Värnamo

Tranås

Älmhult

Avesta

Bollnäs

Lycksele

Arvidsjaur

Mora

Vansbro

Malung

ROBOTICS VALLEY

VINNVVINNVÄXTÄXT ( (WIN-WIN-Growth) Growth) – – Implementing “Triple Helix” Implementing “Triple Helix” on the regional levelon the regional level

““Controlled” Controlled” developmentdevelopment

??

http://www.triplesteelix.se/

Källa: Göteborgs-Posten 2004-02-29

Universities/University colleges in Sweden

Nanoteknikföretag i Sverige

ObducatAimpointAir Liquide GasBiora

CamurusEpigressGenovisNanofreeze TechnologiesNemsNquipQumat TechnologiesQunanoTetra PakActive BiotechErysave

LL

LL

LL

LL

Celanese Emulsions

Pergo

Höganäs

Pilkongton Floatglas

CellectriconLayerlabNanofactory InstrumentsNanoxisPromimicSindreSmoltekQ-SenseGoceramMidorionNobel BiocareStormledVOLVO Technology

CC

CC

CCCC

Eka Chemicals

Uponor Innovation

Kvaerner Pulping

Roxtec

Material- och Ytbehandling

Bioteknik

Instrument och Utrustning

Elektronik

Saab Barracuda

MicromuscleThin Film ElectronicsAppliedsensorImpact CoatingsSaab

Li

ABB

Chromogenics SwedenGyrosNanologicaPiezomotor UppsalaVg ScientaÅmicAnderberg och Modéer AcceleratorBiacoreGammadata Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences

U

UU

S

Seco Tools

Sandvik

Astrazeneca

AcceleratorBactiguardMicronic Laser SystemsNanoradioNanosepNanospaceNm SpintronicsReplisaurus TechnologiesSilex MicrosystemsAkzo NobelAlphabetaAttanaBiosensor ApplicationsBiovitrumCarmedaEmerson Network Power Energy SystemsFlir SystemsInfineon TechnologiesLightlab SwedenMedivirMicromyNilsson Intelligence SystemsPfizerPondus InstrumentsSyntuneEricssonWallenius MarineXcounterZarlink Semiconductor

UK

K

L

L

Linköpings Universitet / Linköpings Tekniska HögskolaL

C

Li

U

S

K Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan

Lunds Universitet / Lunds Tekniska Högskola

Chalmers Tekniska Högskola

Uppsala UniversitetStockholms Universitet

Grundad på forskningskompetens från:

Områden:Typ av företag:Kursiv text: Företag som

använder sig av nanoteknik

Fet text: Nanoteknikföretag

Nanotechnology - Companies

c

cc

““Spontaneous” Spontaneous” development?development?

Funding structure for Swedish universities

0 20 40 60 80 100

All universities

Royal Institute ofTechnology

Karolinska Institutet

Basic government funding for educationOther income for educationBasic government funding for research and PhD-studiesResearch councils and other government agenciesLocal and regional governmentsEUPublic and private foundationsSwedish and foreign firmsOther income

%

Source: Högskoleverket Årsrapport 2006

XX

XX

XX


What factors are taken into account? What factors are taken into account?

- Quality– overall principle! Quality– overall principle! (research/competence) (research/competence) - RenewalRenewal- Collaborations – different Actors!Collaborations – different Actors!- Composition of Teams (female/male, age …., Composition of Teams (female/male, age …., international recruitment….)international recruitment….)- Geographic proximityGeographic proximity- Competence densityCompetence density- Equipment …….Equipment …….

Is Sweden at all Is Sweden at all seen???seen???

Above all – GLOBAL Above all – GLOBAL competition, competition,

challenge and challenge and possibilities!possibilities!

Regional, national, Regional, national, European, bilateral European, bilateral

collaborations!collaborations!


How are research priorities selected (specific characteristics How are research priorities selected (specific characteristics at national, regional, local levels)?at national, regional, local levels)?

What factors are taken into account?What factors are taken into account? How are these research priorities managed in practice?How are these research priorities managed in practice?

I said something ….I said something ….

Evaluation:Evaluation:Before project start: Peer review …Before project start: Peer review …

During and after..:During and after..:-Evalutation (international…)Evalutation (international…)

- “ “Follow-research”Follow-research”-CAUSE FEED-BACK LOOPS!CAUSE FEED-BACK LOOPS!

Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!

VINNOVA - Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems Lena Gustasson

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