Viking 20 yearsand

Space Physics in Uppsala and Sweden

Mats André

Brief History of Space Science• 1480´s, Astronomy lectures in Uppsala• 1741, Celsius astronomy professor in Uppsala• 1942, Oct 3, A4 launch Peenemunde• 1952, Uppsala UJO (Willy Stoffregen)• 1957, Oct 4, Sputnik 1• 1957, Kiruna KGO/IRF (Bengt Hultqvist)• 1961, first Swedish sounding rocket• 1967, first Swedish satellite instrument• 1986, Viking, first Swedish satellite

Nr Ändamål År Mån Dag Lokal tid (UT) Plats Raket Resultat Topp-

höjd

Nyttolast-

vikt (kg)

P/L  bygge

Sond- typ

UJO-1 Jonprob D-skikt 1963 10 8 19:00:00 White Sands Boosted Arcas Antennskada inga data. Bärgad 89   UJO A

UJO-2 Jonprob D-skikt 1963 10 10 16:00:00 White Sands Boosted Arcas Data 70-30 km.Bärgad 81   UJO A

UJO-3 Jonprob D-skikt 1963 12 13 21:00:00 White Sands Boosted Arcas Inga data under 70 km 99   UJO A

UJO-4 Na-Li-utsläpp 1964 3 6 23:25:00 Wallops Isl. Boosted Arcas Lyckat. Vindskjuvning spred moln  95.6 4.1 UJO  

UJO-5 Jonprob D-skikt 1965 3 1 13:12:00 Andöya Boosted Arcas Bra data. Sjönk i havet 90-95 4.7 UJO B

UJO-6 Natriumutsläpp 1965 3 1 20:43:00 Andöya Nike Apache Ingen observation från marken  185   GCA1  

UJO-7 Jonprob D-skikt 1965 3 2 20:09:00 Andöya Boosted Arcas Bra data. Sjönk i havet 80-85 4.7 UJO B

UJO-8 Natriumutsläpp 1965 3 5 20:57:50 Andöya Nike Apache Na-emission upp till +40min  180 32 GCA1  

SA1/1 Jonprob D/E-skikt 1968 10 24 20:50:00 Esrange Boosted Arcas

II Bra data. Slog ned Torneträsk  107 7.7 UJO "Kajan"2 

SA1/2 Jonprob D/E-skikt 1969 1 17 00:02:28 Andöya Boosted Arcas

II Andra steget tände ej. 7 7.7 UJO  "Kajan" 

SA1/3 Jonprob D/E-skikt 1969 1 18 19:23:00 Andöya Boosted Arcas

IIBra data. Sjönk i havet. Flygförbud. 98 7.7 UJO "Kajan"

SP4 Jonprob D/E-skikt 1970 8 9 23:40:10 Esrange Petrel    147 15 UJO

Sundkvist et al., Nature, 2005

Rosetta

LAP -- IRF UppsalaTäthet, temperatur, vindhastighet

Swedish Spacecraft, Research• Viking (1986)• Freja (1992)• Astrid-1 (1995)• Astrid-2 (1998)• Munin (2000)• Odin (2001)• SMART-1 (2003, ESA, moon)• Prisma (2008, technical test)• MicroLink (2009, technical test)

• Instruments on ESRO-1A (1967), ESRO-1B (1967), ESRO-4 (1972), GEOS-1 (1977),

GEOS-2 (1978), Prognoz-7 (1978), Prognoz-8 (1980), Phobos-1 (1988, Mars), Phobos-2 (1988, Mars), Ulysses (1990, heliosphere), Interball-tail (1995), Interball-aurora (1995), Polar (1996), Mars-96 (1996, Mars), Equator-S (1997), Cassini (1997, Saturnus/Titan), Nozomi (1998, Mars), 4xCluster (2000), Mars Express (2003, Mars), DoubleStar (2003), Rosetta (2004, komet), Venus Express (2005, Venus)

Chandrayaan (2007, månen), 3xSwarm (2009), 2xBepiColombo (2012, Merkurius), 4xMMS (2013)

IRF Uppsala

Six instruments in space• Cluster (4 spacecraft) Earth orbit (ESA)• Rosetta, on its way to a comet (ESA)• Cassini, in orbit around Saturn (NASA)

IRF UppsalaBuilding instruments for• Swarm (3 spacecraft, ESA) 2009• BepiColombo for Merkurius (ESA/Japan) 2012• Magnetospheric Multiscale (4 spacecraft) Earth orbit (NASA) 2013

• Test of miniaturized instruments?• CubeSat??• Solar Orbiter, ESA, 2015?• ESA to Jupiter??• Cross-Scale, several spacecraft??• MOPS, Mars??