Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 -...

Future Time Expressions

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Hello! Dear students,Hello! Dear students,Hello! Dear students,Hello! Dear students,Till now you might have studied Till now you might have studied Present tense and Past tense in Present tense and Past tense in Present tense and Past tense in Present tense and Past tense in their various forms.their various forms.Present tense has four forms. They Present tense has four forms. They Present tense has four forms. They Present tense has four forms. They are;are;

Simple presentSimple presentSimple presentSimple presentPresent continuousPresent continuousPresent perfectPresent perfect

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012Present perfectPresent perfect

Present perfect continuousPresent perfect continuousPresent perfect continuousPresent perfect continuousLikewise, in Past tense too we Likewise, in Past tense too we have:have:have:have:

Simple pastSimple pastPast continuousPast continuousPast perfectPast perfectppPast perfect continuousPast perfect continuous


English language is an ever English language is an ever English language is an ever English language is an ever evolving language. Couple of evolving language. Couple of years back most of the years back most of the years back most of the years back most of the renowned English Grammar renowned English Grammar books also used to quote books also used to quote something as something as Future Tense Future Tense ggwith its four usual divisions as with its four usual divisions as made in the case of Present made in the case of Present

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012made in the case of Present made in the case of Present

tense and Past tense Of late tense and Past tense Of late tense and Past tense. Of late tense and Past tense. Of late this tendency has slowly but this tendency has slowly but surely become archaic Its surely become archaic Its surely become archaic. Its surely become archaic. Its place has been taken by place has been taken by something called something called Future Time Future Time Expressions.Expressions.pp


Yes today we are going to Yes today we are going to Yes, today we are going to Yes, today we are going to discuss discuss Future Time Future Time Expressions Expressions Expressions. Expressions. You may be wondering why we You may be wondering why we should call it as Future Time should call it as Future Time Expression and not Future Expression and not Future ppTense.Tense.


Well let me attempt to answer Well let me attempt to answer Well, let me attempt to answer Well, let me attempt to answer that.that.Mostly it is a belief that ‘will’ Mostly it is a belief that ‘will’ Mostly, it is a belief that ‘will’ Mostly, it is a belief that ‘will’ or ‘shall’ are the two helping or ‘shall’ are the two helping verbs which should be used verbs which should be used invariably for Future tense and invariably for Future tense and yythere ends the matter. there ends the matter.


As I told you it is just a belief! As I told you it is just a belief! As I told you, it is just a belief! As I told you, it is just a belief! It is not true.It is not true.Apart from just using Apart from just using Apart from just using Apart from just using ‘will/shall’ to express future ‘will/shall’ to express future time, we have many ways to time, we have many ways to denote the same.denote the same.Here are the ones, that I could Here are the ones, that I could bring for you.bring for you.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012bring for you.bring for you.

Before getting deep into it let Before getting deep into it let Before getting deep into it, let Before getting deep into it, let us take a look at Modal us take a look at Modal AuxilliariesAuxilliariesAuxilliariesAuxilliaries..They are;They are;

willwillwouldwouldshallshallshouldshould

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012shouldshould

may may mightmightcancancouldcouldmustmustought toought toought toought toused toused toneedneed

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012needneed

daredaredaredareAmong these 13 modals, there Among these 13 modals, there are 8 are 8 of them which can be of them which can be are 8 are 8 of them which can be of them which can be used to express future events.used to express future events.

WILL/SHALLWILL/SHALLWe make use of ‘will/shall’ We make use of ‘will/shall’ simply to give information simply to give information

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012simply to give information simply to give information

about a possible event That about a possible event That about a possible event. That about a possible event. That means to say such events may means to say such events may happen or take placehappen or take placehappen or take place.happen or take place.

British usually make use of British usually make use of ‘shall’ instead of ‘will’ in case ‘shall’ instead of ‘will’ in case of personal subjects. Whereas of personal subjects. Whereas Americans do not make use of Americans do not make use of

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012Americans do not make use of Americans do not make use of

‘shall’ but use ‘will’ ‘shall’ but use ‘will’ shall , but use will shall , but use will indiscriminately. Now a days indiscriminately. Now a days this usage has fast caught up this usage has fast caught up this usage has fast caught up this usage has fast caught up and nobody really scorns at it and nobody really scorns at it now.now.(The contractions I’ll, You’ll, (The contractions I’ll, You’ll, ( , ,( , ,etc., are used) These etc., are used) These contractions used in a propercontractions used in a proper

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012contractions used in a propercontractions used in a proper

way make the spoken language way make the spoken language way make the spoken language way make the spoken language fluent. For example:fluent. For example:1)1) I’ll tell you her nameI’ll tell you her name1)1) I’ll tell you her name.I’ll tell you her name.2)2) They’ll learn many things.They’ll learn many things.3)3) She’ll see you soon.She’ll see you soon.4)4) We’ll understand its We’ll understand its ))

meaning.meaning.


‘Will’ is also used in the main ‘Will’ is also used in the main clause of a conditional clause of a conditional sentence. For example:sentence. For example:sentence. For example:sentence. For example:1)1) They will help you, if you They will help you, if you

are good to themare good to themare good to them.are good to them.2)2) If you win the race, they will If you win the race, they will

i bi li bi lgive you a bicycle.give you a bicycle.


3)3) If you study well you will If you study well you will 3)3) If you study well, you will If you study well, you will get good marks.get good marks.

4)4) If you ring the bell children If you ring the bell children 4)4) If you ring the bell, children If you ring the bell, children will come out of the will come out of the classrooms.classrooms.In such conditional In such conditional sentences what one has to sentences what one has to remember is ‘will’ has to be remember is ‘will’ has to be

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012remember is will has to be remember is will has to be

used in the main clause of the used in the main clause of the used in the main clause of the used in the main clause of the sentence, whereas in the sentence, whereas in the subordinate clause it is simple subordinate clause it is simple subordinate clause it is simple subordinate clause it is simple present tense verb structure.present tense verb structure.

WOULDWOULD‘Would’ can also be used to ‘Would’ can also be used to show a probability.show a probability.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012show a probability.show a probability.

The sentences where ‘would’ The sentences where ‘would’ The sentences where would The sentences where would is used are less probable as is used are less probable as compared to the sentences compared to the sentences compared to the sentences compared to the sentences with ‘will/shall’. For example:with ‘will/shall’. For example:1)1) They would learn from their They would learn from their

mistakes.mistakes.2)2) This would help you This would help you

understand.understand.Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

understand.understand.

3)3) He would stop telling liesHe would stop telling lies3)3) He would stop telling lies.He would stop telling lies.4)4) You would know everything.You would know everything.

The use of ‘would’ gives us The use of ‘would’ gives us an idea of what is going to an idea of what is going to happen, but it does not happen, but it does not pp ,pp ,answer the question answer the question whether it is going towhether it is going to

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012whether it is going towhether it is going to

happenhappenhappen.happen.

SHOULD/MUST/OUGHT TOSHOULD/MUST/OUGHT TOSHOULD/MUST/OUGHT TOSHOULD/MUST/OUGHT TOThe trio ‘should/must/ought to’ The trio ‘should/must/ought to’ help us to emphasize an action help us to emphasize an action that should be carried out in that should be carried out in future, which in many a case is future, which in many a case is a moral obligation. It means toa moral obligation. It means to

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012a moral obligation. It means toa moral obligation. It means to

say when either of these three say when either of these three say, when either of these three say, when either of these three modals are used, the modals are used, the statement becomes emphatic statement becomes emphatic statement becomes emphatic. statement becomes emphatic. For example:For example:1)1) They should learn from their They should learn from their

mistakes.mistakes.2)2) You must help them.You must help them.3)3) She ought to paint again.She ought to paint again.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 20123)3) She ought to paint again.She ought to paint again.

4)4) They ought to discourage They ought to discourage 4)4) They ought to discourage They ought to discourage spitting in public places.spitting in public places.

MAY/MIGHTMAY/MIGHTThese two modals can also These two modals can also be used to denote an event be used to denote an event or action that is expected to or action that is expected to be completed in future.be completed in future.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012be completed in future.be completed in future.

For example:For example:For example:For example:1)1) I may attend his wedding.I may attend his wedding.2)2) Many tourists may come Many tourists may come 2)2) Many tourists may come Many tourists may come

here.here.3)3) The beautiful princess The beautiful princess

might be courageous too.might be courageous too.g gg g4)4) Somebody might help you.Somebody might help you.


But again ‘may’ is more But again ‘may’ is more But again, may is more But again, may is more emphatic than ‘might’, though emphatic than ‘might’, though both of them talk about a both of them talk about a both of them talk about a both of them talk about a probability.probability.When we say probability, it is When we say probability, it is for future, isn’t it?for future, isn’t it?,,


Apart from these modal Apart from these modal Apart from these modal Apart from these modal auxilliariesauxilliaries there are other there are other ways also to express Future ways also to express Future ways also to express Future ways also to express Future Time Period.Time Period.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSESIMPLE PRESENT TENSEYes, this verb construction can Yes, this verb construction can also be used to express analso be used to express an

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012also be used to express analso be used to express an

action in the Future Time action in the Future Time action in the Future Time action in the Future Time Period. Simple present tense is Period. Simple present tense is especially useful when we especially useful when we especially useful when we especially useful when we want to talk about an action want to talk about an action that has been scheduled or that has been scheduled or certain to happen at a time in certain to happen at a time in ppppfuture. For example:future. For example:


1)1) The college vacations are The college vacations are 1)1) The college vacations are The college vacations are in October.in October.

2)2) Jenny finishes her course at Jenny finishes her course at 2)2) Jenny finishes her course at Jenny finishes her course at the end of this year.the end of this year.

3)3) The train arrives at 7pm.The train arrives at 7pm.4)4) My bus leaves at 3 o’clock.My bus leaves at 3 o’clock.)) yy

What one has to remember What one has to remember while framing suchwhile framing such

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012while framing suchwhile framing such

sentences is that there should sentences is that there should sentences is that, there should sentences is that, there should be a Future time specification. be a Future time specification.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSEPRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSEThe present continuous verb The present continuous verb structure is also used for structure is also used for future events arising from a future events arising from a present plan, present plan, programmeprogramme oror

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012present plan, present plan, programmeprogramme oror

arrangement For example:arrangement For example:arrangement. For example:arrangement. For example:1)1) We are distributing clothes We are distributing clothes

to the urchins next Sundayto the urchins next Sundayto the urchins next Sunday.to the urchins next Sunday.2)2) They are getting the results They are getting the results

this month end.this month end.3)3) We are discussing this issue We are discussing this issue )) gg

in the next meeting.in the next meeting.4)4) What are you doing thisWhat are you doing this

Vikasana – Bridge Course 20124)4) What are you doing thisWhat are you doing this

evening?evening?evening?evening?In this construction again, one In this construction again, one has to be careful to specify has to be careful to specify has to be careful to specify has to be careful to specify future time.future time.

BE+GOINGBE+GOING TO+INFINITIVETO+INFINITIVEThis structure is really a This structure is really a preset tense which is used to preset tense which is used to

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012preset tense which is used to preset tense which is used to

talk about future actions and talk about future actions and talk about future actions and talk about future actions and events which are certain to events which are certain to happen The structure is very happen The structure is very happen. The structure is very happen. The structure is very common in an informal style, common in an informal style, especially in speech. especially in speech. For example:For example:pp1)1) His son is going to be a His son is going to be a

journalist.journalist.Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

journalist.journalist.

2)2) They are going to construct They are going to construct 2)2) They are going to construct They are going to construct a bridge here.a bridge here.

3)3) We can see dark clouds It We can see dark clouds It 3)3) We can see dark clouds. It We can see dark clouds. It is going to rain.is going to rain.

4)4) You are not going to play You are not going to play football in my garden.football in my garden.y gy gThis structure mainly is This structure mainly is used when the futureused when the future

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012used when the futureused when the future

actions are obvious due to actions are obvious due to actions are obvious due to actions are obvious due to some present reality.some present reality.

WILL/WILL/SHALL+CONTINUOUSSHALL+CONTINUOUS ASPECTASPECT‘Will/shall’ with continuous ‘Will/shall’ with continuous aspect, that means to say with aspect, that means to say with p , yp , y‘‘inging’ form of main verb can be ’ form of main verb can be used to give a meaning ofused to give a meaning of

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012used to give a meaning ofused to give a meaning of

temporary progressiveness to temporary progressiveness to temporary progressiveness to temporary progressiveness to the future. For example:the future. For example:1)1) I’ll be writing letters I’ll be writing letters 1)1) I’ll be writing letters I’ll be writing letters

tomorrow morning.tomorrow morning.2)2) SahilSahil will be training the will be training the

cadets next month.cadets next month.3)3) I’ll be seeing you one of I’ll be seeing you one of

these days.these days.Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

these days.these days.

BE+TOBE+TOBE+TOBE+TO‘‘Be+toBe+to’ is a less common ’ is a less common way of expressing future way of expressing future way of expressing future. way of expressing future. Be+toBe+to infinitive signifies a infinitive signifies a plan for the future. plan for the future. For example:For example:pp

1)1) They are to address the They are to address the gathering in an hour.gathering in an hour.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012gathering in an hour.gathering in an hour.

2)2) The movie is to release next The movie is to release next 2)2) The movie is to release next The movie is to release next month.month.

3)3) They are to help the They are to help the 3)3) They are to help the They are to help the children.children.

4)4) They are to launch the They are to launch the programmeprogramme in in the next the next p gp gmonth.month.


Thus we can use various Thus we can use various Thus we can use various Thus we can use various tenses and the combinations to tenses and the combinations to represent actions in future represent actions in future represent actions in future. represent actions in future. This ability of Future Tense This ability of Future Tense makes it a fascinating study. makes it a fascinating study. Whatever we have discussed Whatever we have discussed today is but the tip of the icetoday is but the tip of the ice--berg. There is still very muchberg. There is still very much

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012berg. There is still very muchberg. There is still very much

present out there to learn in present out there to learn in present out there to learn in present out there to learn in Future Time Expressions. In Future Time Expressions. In this session I could present this session I could present this session I could present this session I could present before you the most important before you the most important verb structures to be used.verb structures to be used.Hope you have enjoyed Hope you have enjoyed p y j yp y j ylistening to whatever little I listening to whatever little I could bring for you.could bring for you.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012could bring for you.could bring for you.

TTThank youThank you


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