Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

A il i it f thi S ilA smile is quite a funny thing; Smilewrinkles up listener’s face; And when

il i th li t t fi dsmile is gone, the listener cannot findSmile’s secret hiding place.


A smile is quite a funny thing; A smile is quite a funny thing; IT wrinkles up YOUR face;And when IT’S gone , YOU cannot find And when IT S gone , YOU cannot find ITS secret hiding place.But far more wonderful IT is But far more wonderful IT is

………………………..Let’s smile and smile and not forget That smiles go everywhere !


We have replaced the subject smile andWe have replaced the subject smile andused IT instead .

There are many such words which weuse in place of the subject to avoiduse in place of the subject to avoidrepetition.


Words that replace nouns are called pronouns .

Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun


The picture helps us know more e p ctu e e ps us o o eabout pronouns and the words used for people around .p p

FIRST PERSON :- is the person or persons speaking as - I and we. speaking as - I and we. SECOND PERSON :- is the person or personsspoken to as- you ( it remains the same inth l l f )the plural form )THIRD PERSON :- is the person or persons spoken of as- He , she , it , they .


LET ME NARRATE A STORYTO YOU . NOTE THE USEOF UNDERLINED WORDS INOF UNDERLINED WORDS INIT.


Once a lion became sick and could not come out ofhi d M i l f th f t t i ithis den . Many animals of the forest came to visithim. They were seen going into his den one by one.But a fox, who was the lion’s closest friend nevercame to visit him . The lion wondered and wrote aletter reminding him of their friendship and askedhim to visit him The fox came but did not enterhim to visit him . The fox came but did not enterthe den . Instead he wrote a letter “ I am sorry tohear about your illness .But I cannot visit you now ,

I l t f f t i t i i t d b tas I saw a lot of foot-prints going into your den butI saw none coming out again. ‘’


We have used the words HIS ,HIM ,

THEY , HE , THEIR , I , YOU , YOUR

instead of repeating the nouns LION ,

FOX and ANIMALSFOX and ANIMALS.


Mine , ours , yours , his , hers , theirs , its .

Th d d f iThese words are used for possessive

pronouns .

For example :- 1. This book is mine , that

book is yoursbook is yours.

2.This pen is hers .

3. Students returned their books to the library .

4 This plot is oursVikasana – Bridge Course 2012

4.This plot is ours .

I , we , me , us , my , mine , our , ours , you , yours , he , him , his, She , her , hers , it , its , they them , theirs .

These are different forms of personal pronouns p p

which are used according to their number ,

d dgender and case .


NOTE1.The First Person is the speaker.

2.The Second Person is the onespoken to.p

3.The Third Person is the onespoken about.


personal

Impersonal Impersonal


FIRST PERSON :- is the person orppersons speaking as - I and weSECOND PERSON:-is the person orS CO SO s t e pe so opersons spoken to as- you ( itremains the same in the pluralpform )THIRD PERSON :- is the person orppersons spoken of as- He , she , it, they .


Now listen to the poem BEGGAR pMAN and note the use of pronouns,

I, He and His.,


Each morning as I go to school,If I am not too late ,I stand to watch the BEGGAR MAN Beside the temple gate .

He always sits in that same place He always sits in that same place He has nowhere to live He sits and clanks HIS begging bowl He sits and clanks HIS begging bowl And cries to all to give .


Note the use of I , HE , HIS .Note the use of I , HE , HIS .

Here I is the narrator . HE and HIS are

used in reference to the beggar man .

Let’s learn in detail the use of pronouns

to make our expressions more effectiveto make our expressions more effective .


Ram

Ram’s family


SINGULAR PLURALSINGULAR PLURAL

WEI WE

ME USME US

MY MINE OUR OURS MY , MINE OUR , OURS


1 Radha and I had lunch together1.Radha and I had lunch together.2. We (Chitra , Flora and I ) had lunchtogether .g3. Deeksha told me a story .4.Grandmother told us a story .5.This is my house . That house is

mine too .6 Sheela is our neighbour This6.Sheela is our neighbour . This

plot is ours .


Identify the pronouns in the following lines:1. They went for swimming .2. Ashok said he would give them some

b k books .3. Dilip’s sister came with us.4 Do you like it?4. Do you like it?5. Have you helped her ?6. We wanted to help the villagers .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012p g

1. They went for swimming 2. Ashok said he would give them some 2. Ashok said he would give them some

books .3. Dilip’s sister came with us.4. Do you like it?5. Have you helped her ?6. We wanted to help the villagers .


LET’S READ THESE LINES LET S READ THESE LINES ALOUD AND STRESS THE PRONOUNS THAT APPEAR PRONOUNS THAT APPEAR IN BOLD LETTERS .


We use the pronoun MY , YOUR etc to p ,talk about family members , friends, colleagues , parts of body etc . We say:-

1. My parents are coming tomorrow.2. Have you brushed your hair.3. I hurt my finger.4. My friends attended the party.


Know it right ! Know it right ! We should always remember to write or say 1. You and I .2. I and you.3. This is mine.4. This is mines.4. This is mines.5. He / she and I . 6. I and she / he .

For example –1 . Deeksha and I are best friends .2.She and I can never agree on this matter .


Pronouns of two or three different persons are grouped together , good manners suggest that they should be put in this order of precedencethey should be put in this order of precedence :second person , third person and first person .For example:-For example:1. You , he and I are childhood friends .2.You and Sonu were at your best .3. She and I go for a walk regularly .


ME MINE

YOU YOURSYOU YOURS

HIM HIS

HER HERS

IT ITS

US OURS

YOU YOURS

THEM THEIRS


We should never use apostrophe for yours while apostrophe for yours while concluding the letter .Yours faithfully Yours faithfully ,Your’s faithfully .


We can form different kinds of pronouns according e ca o d e e t ds o p o ou s acco d gto the context by adding self, after‐ my , your , him , her , it and selves after the plurals ‐ our , you , them .

1. I looked at myself in the mirror 2.He hurt himself / herself .3.Please help yourselves .

j d l4.We enjoyed ourselves .5.They enjoyed themselves .


Note the difference between reflexive and emphatic pronouns .• Reflexive pronoun ‐ the action done by the subject

fl t th bj t th i ll d reflects upon the subject , the pronoun is called reflexive pronoun .

This pronoun comes after the verb .pFor example : 1. I hurt myself . 2.You will know it yourself . 3. She helped herself by being health conscious . 4. He is true to his own self .


Emphatic pronoun – emphasis is on theEmphatic pronoun emphasis is on the action done by the subject .

Pronoun is used after the subject , before the j ,verb .

For example : 1. I met the mayor himself.p y2.I had a discussion with him myself .3.She herself cleaned her cupboard .3 S e e se c ea ed e cupboa d4. They themselves admitted their mistake .


I ME MYSELF

HE HIM HIMSELF

SHE HER HERSELF

YOU YOU YOURSELFYOU YOU YOURSELFYOURSELVES

WE US OURSELVES

THEY THEM THEMSELVES


COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH MYSELF, YOURSELVES, THEMSELVES, YOURSELF, , , ,HIMSELF/HERSELF, ITSELF .

1 PLEASE FETCH THE WATER1. PLEASE FETCH THE WATER ………. . 2. I DID IT ……… . 3. OFFICER ……….. IS HONEST .4 SOME PEOPLE BOAST ABOUT4. SOME PEOPLE BOAST ABOUT ……… .5. THE DOG HAS HURT ………. .6. ANSWER THESE …………. .


1. PLEASE FETCH THE WATER YOURSELF . 2. I DID IT MYSELF . 3. OFFICER HIMSELF IS HONEST .4. SOME PEOPLE BOAST ABOUT

THEMSELVES .5. THE DOG HAS HURT ITSELF .6. ANSWER THESE YOURSELVES .


ObserveObserve


This, these , that , those are used to point the object or objects to which it refers . They are called as D t ti P Demonstrative Pronouns .


1 . This is an interesting book.2 That is Kavya’s house2. That is Kavya s house .3. These are my favourite songs .4 Those books belong to Sagar4. Those books belong to Sagar .


One, none , all , some , few, , , , , ,everyone ,anyone , anybody, everybody etc are used to refer y yto person(s) or thing (s) in a general way . These pronouns do g y pnot refer to any specific or particular person(s) or thing (s) . p p ( ) g ( )They are known as INDEFINITE PRONOUNS .


For example we say p y1 .NONE should ever abuse ANYBODY .2. What is EVERYBODY’S business is

NOBODY’S business . 3. ALL were invited , only SOME attended 3 , y

and a FEW were absent . 4. EVERYONE of the Indians is committed 4

to nation’s prosperity. 5. ANYONE who is capable can do the job .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 20125 p j

ONE ANOTHER and EACH OTHER are used to denote reciprocal or mutual action . They are called Reciprocal Pronouns . or mutual action . They are called Reciprocal Pronouns . Sumit and Amit are good friends . They are very fond of eachother.(Sumit is fond of Amit and Amit is fond of Sumit .You can use one another instead of each other .Sumit how long have you and Amit known one another .

Amir and Asha are looking at each other .( Amir is looking at Asha and Asha is looking at Amir )is looking at Asha and Asha is looking at Amir .)


Pronouns also help to ask questions and at the same time refer to the nouns they stand for and also join sentences . These are termed as Interrogative Pronouns For example‐ Who are you?Whom do you want?This is the book which you gave me yesterday .What news do you bring ?


Who Whom/who WhoseWho Whom/who WhoseWhat What ‐What WhatWhich Which ‐


Fill in the blanks :-This is Neel ……. had an accident . 1.

2 Yesterday I saw a car was really old2. Yesterday I saw a car …….. was really old .

3. This is Rima ……. I met on Friday .3. This is Rima ……. I met on Friday .

4. I haven’t seen Joy ………. house is far away .


1. WHO2. WHICH3. WHOM34. WHOSE


Let’s check what we have learnt :-

F ill the blanks with pronouns (they , p ( y ,their , he , his ,her , she , them ,) .Ram was a smart boy . ……. used to study y yhard everyday. ……. mother was happy with ….. performance. …….. also had a sister. p……name was Rina. …….. was beautiful . ….. mother made ……. study everyday. …….. stood first in the class .


Ram was a smart boy . He used to Ram was a smart boy . He used to study hard everyday. His mother was happy with his performance He also happy with his performance. He also had a sister. Her

Ri Sh b if l name was Rina. She was beautiful . Their mother made them study everyday. They stood first in the class .


SITA Ram

SUNILSUNILANIL

MALAMAHESH

SHEETAL

SHAM


1. We saw Sita with ……. Husband , Ram.,2.We saw Mala and Mahesh with ……

children.S3.We saw Sunil with ….. Brother , Anil.

4 . We saw Sheetal with …… brother, Sham.

ANSWERS

(her, their , his ,her)


During the middle English period pronouns like thee (you subject) thou(you object )like thee (you-subject), thou(you - object ) , thine ( your- possesive form ) . These were excessively used in Shakespearian literatureexcessively used in Shakespearian literature .


Our grandfather by the sea , blind.His deck chair settles our rug on the stonesand his face takes sunlight like thirst .We always play games that need speaking;We always play games that need speaking;each of our cards and moves are toldAnd he smiles in his taking part .We are saying our childhood to this old manWe are saying our childhood to this old manand his beautiful face, liver‐marked and shy,has no end in its space , no end in its gentleness,To hold a whole life of listening left to do .

‐ Oliver Shelly


The study of pronouns is of great help in Active andPassive voice.For example : 1. We watched this programme . ( active )

This programme was watched by us .(passive)2. They are cheering the winner . (active)y g ( )

The winner is being cheered by them . (passive)

The subject WE in active voice is changed to US inThe subject WE in active voice is changed to US inpassive as it is the object of the sentence .

The subject THEY is changed to THEM in the passive .NOTE :- I is changed to me , We is changed to us ,

He / she to him / her , They to them .


Like wise even in reported speech pronouns play a vital role .1. He said, “I have understood everything ‘’He said that he had understood everything .2. They said “We are happy ‘’They said that they were happyThey said that they were happy .

Pronouns change according to the subject and the object of the reporting Verbof the reporting Verb .


(I refers to the postman )


Thank you y


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