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Cellular Respiration
Lesson 9.1 - Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Cellular Respiration
_________________________________________________ is a process of energy conversion that releases ______________________________ from food in the presence of _______________________.
Equation
Symbols
Stages of Cell Respiration
__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________
Stage 1: Glycolysis
____________________________ first enters a chemical pathway known as ______________________. A small amount of energy is ______________________________ to produce _______________________.
Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
In the second stage of cellular respiration a little more ________________ is ______________________.
Stage 3: Electron Transport
The final stage requires ______________________________ from the other two stages of the process.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
How can photosynthesis and cellular respiration be thought of as opposite processes?_______________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Lesson 9.2 – The process of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
One molecule of __________________ is converted to two molecules of _________________________.
Glycolysis: ATP and NADH Production
_______________________ and _______________________________ are produced during glycolysis.
The Krebs Cycle
______________________________________is broken down into _____________________________ in a series of energy-extracting reactions.
Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is used to make _______________,_______________, and ______________, with _________________________________ as a by-product.
________________________ passes through the two membranes of the _________________________ and into the matrix.
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The Krebs Cycle: Citric Acid Production
______________________________________________ adds the 2-carbon acetyl group to a 4-carbon molecule already present, producing a 6-carbon molecule called _______________________________.
The Krebs Cycle: Energy Extraction
___________________________________ is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule, more carbon dioxide is released, and _____________________________________ are transferred to energy carriers.
The Krebs Cycle: Energy Extraction
For each turn of the cycle, a molecule of __________________ is converted to a molecule of _________.
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Electron Transport
_________________________________ from the Krebs cycle and glycolysis feed into the last step of cellular respiration.
____________________________________________________ is composed of a series of electron carriers located in the __________________ membrane of the ______________________________.
The cell uses a process known as ____________________________ to produce _________________.
Total ATP from Cellular Respiration
_____________________________________, the _______________________________, and the ___________________________________________________________ release about ______________ molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
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Lesson 9.3 – Fermentation
Fermentation
In the absence of ___________________________, ___________________________________ releases energy from food molecules by producing _______________________.
There are two slightly different forms of the process:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Alcoholic fermentation
_______________________________________ and a few other microorganisms use _________________________ fermentation, which produces ___________________________ and __________________________________.
Pyruvic acid + NADH → Alcohol + _______________________
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Most organisms carry out fermentation using a chemical reaction that converts pyruvic acid to __________________________________.
Pyruvic acid + NADH →_____________________________
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Quick Energy
For short, quick bursts of energy, the body uses _____________________________ already in muscles as well as ATP made by ___________________________________________________.
Long-Term Energy
For exercise longer than about _______________________________________, cellular respiration is the _______________________ way to continue generating a supply of ____________________.
Fermentation Review
During ____________________________________, cells convert ________________ to _____________ by passing ________________________________________________________ back to pyruvic acid.