Ionic Bonding NotesAtoms and Ions1. Atoms are electrically neutral- ____________________________________________________________________________

2.Ion- atoms which have either gained or lost electrons- __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

a) cation- electrically positive ion- ___________________________________________________________________

b) anion- electrically negative ion- __________________________________________________________________

Valence electrons•Valence electrons - ___________________________________________________________________________________________

•______________________________________________________ Highest energy level occupied by electrons

•For representative elements the ___________________________________________________________________________ (1A - 1e; 4A - 4e, etc)

•Valence electrons are usually ______________________________________________________________________________;

therefore, as a general rule __________________________________________________________________________________.

Lewis Dot Structure•Symbolic description of the distribution of valence electrons in an atom

•It is also known as an ________________________________________________________________________________________

Oxygen Nitrogen Sodium Calcium

Bonds

Octet rule: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Electron Configuration for Cations

Example: Write the electron configuration for K+1

Electron Configuration for Anions

Example: Write the electron configuration for N-3

Oxidation Number•Oxidation numbers indicate ________________________________________________________________________________

•Metals will typically _________________________________________________ to achieve stable configurations,

due to their _________________________________________________________________________________

The result are positive ions (fewer electrons than protons) which are called cations.

•Nonmetals will typically ______________________________________________to achieve stable configurations,

due to their __________________________________________________________________________

•Result are negative ions (more electrons than protons) which are called anions.

Electron Configurations for Transition Metals

Formation of Ionic Compound•Ionic bond - ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Properties of Ionic Compounds–Most of them are _____________________________________________________________________________________________.

–Ions in such crystals are arranged in ______________________________________________

Crystalline Structure of Ionic Compounds

Properties of Ionic Compounds•Ionic Compounds generally have ________________________________________________________________ due to

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

•Ionic compounds are ________________________________________________________________________________________

•Ionic compounds ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Metallic Bonds•Metallic bond - ________________________________________________________________________________________________

•There are forces between these electrons (negative) and cations (positive) - ___________________________________________________________________________________

Properties of Metals•Because of the specific atomic structure, metals are

Crystalline Structure of Metal

Alloys•Alloys are _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

•Alloys have ____________________________________________________________