ASSIGNMETS OF INTRODUCTION OF LITERATUREExtrinsic Elements

THE MEMBERS OF THE GROUP FROM “C” CLASS1. Mima fauziyah (D35209016)2. Diana abidah KH (D35209004)3. Faisal amin (D75209065)4. Hilyatus sa’adah (D05209041)5. Hilmi Rosyida (D35209013)6. Aisa akustia (D05209044)7. Siti nur hidayah (D35209007)8. Robiatul adawiyah (D05208114)9. Rifqi hadiyatulloh (D05209050)10. M. teguh prasetiyo (D05209038)11. Zainal abidin (D35207023)12. Akhyat Hilmi (D05209053)

The extrinsic elements of literature:

Intrinsic and extrinsic approaches to literature are ways to criticize literature in different terms. In intrinsic approach, the critic is mainly concerned with the form, language, style, symbols, images, contrasts, structure and development of plot in a literary work. Words on the page are of utmost importance for him. Intrinsic approach is also called formalism as the critic’s basic interest is in the form of the text. In comparison to intrinsic approach, the extrinsic approach makes the critic to give more importance to the context of a text. It means that he is mainly interested in the background, history, social conditions and biography of the author. He judges the text in relation to the author and his life. The critic moves from the text to the context.

The term extrinsic is an adjective which is used to mean something that does not either an essential or an inherent component of something. It is used as another word for the term extraneous. It could also be used to mean 'originating from the outside'. In this sense of the term it is used as a synonym for the term external. The term extrinsic is most often contrasted to the term intrinsic. In this sense of the term, intrinsic would mean of or pertaining to the fundamental nature of a given thing; that is, inherent.

There are some external points are discussed in study of literature. But setting and environment are more often discussed. Sometimes, the extrinsic study only connects the literature to the social context and the previous growth. In most cases, it becomes a ‘causal’ explanation, professing to account for literature, to explain it, and finally to reduce it to its origins (the ‘fallacy of origins’). It is clear that causal study can never dispose of problems of description, analysis, and evaluation of an object such as work of literary art. Cause and effect are incommensurate: the concrete result of these extrinsic causes –the work of art- is always unpredictable (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 73)

There are some opinions about the extrinsic factors influence the literary works such as the biography, psychology, social life, causal explanation of literature largely in such other collective creations, and some quintessential spirit of the time.

But either how far these factors determine the production process of literary works, or how far the extrinsic method supposed to be able in measuring the external influence, depends on the approach which is used. The scientists who use the social approach tent to come to determine in straight. Their radicalism is the influence of positivism. This occurs to the proponents of geistegeschichte, which is combined with hegelianism and romanticism. Moreover, they are more radical than the scientists who use the social approach. On the other hand, there are some of scientists who are more modest. They do not depend only on one factor. The other factors may give effects as well.

LITERATURE AND BIOGRAPHY

Biography is only regarded that it is valuable if it gives any contribution to the making of literary works. From a biography, we will not only know the genius, moral, intellectual and emotional development of a man. Furthermore, we may learn the psychology condition and his creative process.

It is necessary to distinguish these three points of views. First, biography tells the student about the making of a literary works. Second, biography shifts the subject matter of the study to the works of an author. Third, biography is supposed to be a science of future science, the psychology of artistic creation.

Biography is a kind of work from a very ancient age. It was a part of historiography. Biography of a man, whatever his capacity, is always interesting if it is said honestly. From a biography writer’s point of view, moral and intellectual developments, external career and emotional life can be reconstructed and evaluated based on the ethical system or certain code of manners. A biography writer must reinterpret some documents, letters, and accounts by eyewitness, reminiscences, and autobiographical statement. Besides that, he must decide which the original materials are and trustable eyewitnesses. The problem then may evoke in writing a biography is, first, the selection. Then, how a secret should be hidden.

When a biography has been arranged, two mayor questions address it. First, how far the biography writer uses the literature work for evidence? Then, how far a biography can be used to understand a literary work? These questions are usually answered that poetry can give some explanations about biography of its poet. Of course, this doesn’t work to the other owner of a biography who didn’t write a poem.

Poem may give some explanation about the biography of its poet. But, how does the biography writer write a biography of an author who is difficult to seek his story for his life? Meanwhile, usually only a series of public documents, birth registers, marriage certificates, lawsuits, and the like, and evidence of the works.

For example, to write Shakespeare biography, some scientists had ever applied different method. Caroline Spurgeon used a scientific spirit. But she came to a long-list of trivial things in Shakespeare life. On the other hand, George Brandes and Frans Haris used the Shakespeare’s works as the material of their research. A biographical romance is as the result.

The biographical method proponents do not agree with such contention. They argue that it is necessary for us understand the different condition at that age compared with nowadays. For example, some authors such as Milton, Pope, Goethe, Wordsworth, and Byron were aware that they were well known. So, it is necessary for them to make a biographical statement, even arranged an autobiography.

In this context, it is important for us to divide the poets into two categories: objective and subjective. Those who, like Keats and T.S. Elliot, stress the poet’s “negative capability”, has openness to the world, the obliteration of his concrete personality, and the opposite type of the poet, who aims at displaying his personality, wants to draw a self-portrait, to confess, to express himself (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 77).

But even with the subjective poet, the distinction between a personal statement of an autobiographical nature and the use of the very same motif in a work of art should not and cannot be withdrawn. A work of art forms a unity on a quite different plane, with a unique different relation to reality, than a book of memoirs, a diary, or a letter (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 78)

The biographical method has some weakness. The biographical approach forgets that a work of art is not only simply the embodiment of experience but always the latest work in a series of such works; it is in drama, a novel, a poem determined, so far as it is determined at all, by literary tradition and conventions. The biographical approach actually obscures a proper comprehension of the literary process, since it breaks up the order of literary tradition to substitute the life-circle of an individual (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 78)

The biographical approach ignores also quite simple psychological facts. A work of art may be the ‘mask’, the ‘anti-self’ behind which his real person is hiding, or it may be a picture of the life from which the

author wants to escape (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 78). Simply we can sum up that there is a parallelism between the author and the characters in his works.

LITERATURE AND PSYCHOLOGY

There are four possible definitions about psychology of literature: psychological study of the writer, as type and as individual, or the study of the creative process, or the study of the psychological types and laws present within works of literature, or, finally, the effects of literature upon its readers (audience psychology) (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 81). But the third definition is the only one which is strongly related with the study.

Some theorists had ever theorized about the successful of an author. First, the most decided the successful of an author is his literary genius. Some others said that the successful of an author depended on his physical appearance. The rests argued that emotional disorders and compensatory distinguished the artists, scientists, and other ‘contemplatives’.

Two mayor questions then may evoke. First, if an emotional disorder occurs to an author, does it become the theme of his works, or motivation to create a work? (If it is only a motivation for him to create a work, it occurs to other scientists as well.) Second, if the theme of a literary work is neurotic, how should a reader understand it?

Freud’s view about an author is inconsistent. Freud, Jung, and Frank are civilized people. They were well educated in Austria and respected the classical works of Greeks and German literature. Freud himself found his works were almost same with Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Kamarazov, in Hamlet, in Diderot’s Neveu de Rameau, in Goethe. According to him, the author as an obdurate neurotic who, by his creative work, kept himself a crack-up but also from any real cure. The poet, that is, is a day-dreamer who socially validated (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 82).

Such an account presumably disposes of the philosopher and ‘the pure scientist’ along with the artists, and is, therefore, a kind of positivist, ‘reduction’ of contemplative activity to an observing and naming instead of acting (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 82). This limit, however, merely describes the indirect effect of literary works that is “alterations in the outer world”.The theory of art as a neurosis leads to a new problem that is the relation between the imagination and belief. The artists keep felling and seeing his own though. Besides that, it is common for them to combine two kinds of imagery. For example, audition coloree: the trumpet as scarlet.

T.S Elliot had argued his views about a poet since his writing. Over there, he said that a poet is supposed to repeat and keep his relation with his childhood meanwhile he is running to the future. Then, in 1918, he wrote that a poet “is more primitive, as well as more civilized, than his contemporaries …”. In 1932, he repeated this conception, especially about “auditory imagination” but also of the poet’s visual imagery, and especially his recurrent images, which “may have symbolic value, but of what we cannot tell, for they have come to represent the depths felling into which we cannot peer” (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 84). Then he concluded that “the pre-logical mentality persists in civilized man, but becomes available only to or through the poet (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 84).

Jung made a complicated typological psychology. There are two categories: extrovert and introvert. These categories, then, divided into four types based on the strength of thinking, feeling, intuition, and sensation. But, surprisingly, Jung did not categorize all of the authors to certain types. He remarks that some writers reveal their type in their creative work, while others reveal their anti-type, their complement (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 84).

Nietzsche, in his The Birth of Tragedy (1872) proposed two polarities of art. They were classical “maker” and romantic “possessed”. Nietzsche theorized this according to Apollo and Dionysos, two gods of arts in Greeks myths.

This influenced Ribot, a French psychologist, much. He divided the artists into “plastic” and “diffluent”. A “plastic” artist can make a very rigid visualization, even if he is stimulated. Meanwhile the “diffluent” artist begins his imagination from his emotion or feeling then reveals it. He is helped by “stimmung” from inside of himself.

Then L. Rusu, a contemporary Rumanian scholar, distinguished three basic types of artists: “type sympatique”, “type demoniaque anarchique” and the “type demoniaque equilibre”. The second type is the anti-thesis of the first type. The rest is claimed to be the greatest type, at the end of the quarrel against the battle, the balance occurs.

The “creative process” should cover the entire sequence from the subconscious origins of a literary work to those last revisions which, with some writers, are the most genuinely creative part of the whole (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 85). The structure of a poet’s mental is different from a form of a poem. Impression is different from expression.

“Inspiration” is a traditional name for the unconscious factor in creation, is classically associated with the Muses, the daughters of memory, and in Christian thought with the Holy Spirit. Creative habits are assuredly are, as well as stimulants and rituals. Alcohol, opium, and other drugs dull the conscious mind, the over-critical ‘censor’, and release the activity of the subconscious (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 86).

Then, do the way and technical of writing influence the style of writing? Hemingway said that the typewriter “solidifies one’s sentence before they are ready to print.” Then, the others in commented that the using of a typewriter leads to a work in journalistic style. Milton himself knew by heart his Paradise Lost and dictated it. Even, Scott, Goethe, and Henry James had prepared their works. They dictated it and other people wrote it.

The discussion about the creative process in creation must have talked about the unconscious world. It is easy for us to compare the romantic and expressionistic periods exaggerate the unconscious world to the classic and realistic proposed the intelligence, communication, and the text revision.

We have to make two kinds of tests if we want to seek literary talents. The first test is proposed to see a poet talent. The second test is to see the narrative writer. A poet is associated with symbols, meanwhile a narrative writer with the creation of character in a story.

Our discussion above is about the psychology of the writers. Their creative process is the scope of psychologists’ investigative curiosity. Then, can we use psychology to interpret and judge a literary work? Psychology, as we have discussed above, can explain about the creative process. A study of revisions, corrections, and the like has more which is literarily profitable, since, well used, it may help us perceive critically relevant fissures, inconsistencies, turnings, distortions, in a work of art (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 91).

The last question is psychology itself in literary work. A character may be right psychologically. But, does it have any artistic value? The knowledge of psychological truth is needed, sometimes. But it is not too necessary for art because psychological truth does not have any artistic value.

For some conscious artists, psychology may have tightened their sense of reality, sharpened their powers of observation or allowed them to fall into hithero undiscovered patterns. But, in itself, psychology is only preparatory to the act of creation; and in the work itself, psychological truth is an artistic value only if it enhances coherence and complexity –if, in short, it is an art (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 93).

Extrinsic Element of Literary Work

DefinitionThe literary elements which can be found outside the literary works but it is indirectly influence the structure of the literary works.

Extrinsic elements of literary works include:World viewPsychologySocial valueEconomyLife background of the author Beliefs and life of view of the author Culture at that time Politic situationetc

How extrinsic element influence the literary workBackground of the author’s life as part of the extrinsic element greatly affects literature. For example, the author of certain cultural backgrounds is consciously or unconsciously will incorporate these cultural elements in literature. Elements of culture include language, technology systems, livelihood systems, social organization, knowledge systems, religion, and artistic. Those elements can be supporter of literary work. For example Siti Nurbaya novel is indicate as Minangkabau culture, because the author “Marah Rusli” is from Minangkabau.Besides, religious background of the author also influences literary work, for instance Danarto in the “Kubah”, Habiburrahman El-Sirazy in “Ayat-Ayat Cinta” and “Ketika Cinta Bertasbih”. Life background of author also influences the literary work, for example an author who lives in village always show the life in village and all of its problems.Extrinsic elements become an integral part of the building works of literature.Extrinsic elements give color and flavor to literature, which in turn can be interpreted as meaning. Extrinsic elements that affect the work can also be used as a portrait of objective reality at the time the work was born. So that we as readers can understand the psychological mood state of society and author at the time.

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Group 1 ( Class A) :1. Ela Rosyida (D35209029)2. Yeni Afriani (D35209026)3. Mashula (D35209045)4. Syafa’ah (D35209020)5. Urifah (D05209054)6. Asti Stania (D35209008)7. Farida Hanum (D35209025)

Extrinsic element

Definition

The physical and formal characteristics that constitute a document's material nature and appearance, independent of its intellectual content.

Notes

Extrinsic elements include medium, script, language, special signs, seals, and annotations

Citations

Extrinsic elements refer to specific, perceivable features of the record that are instrumental in communicating and achieving the purpose for which it was created. For electronic records, these include: overall presentation features (e.g., textual, graphic, image, sound, or some combination of these); specific presentation features (e.g., special layouts, hyperlinks, colors, sample rate or sound files); electronic signatures and electronic seals (e.g., digital signatures); digital time stamps; other special signs (e.g., digital watermarks, an organization's crest or personal logo).

Annotation

Information, especially explanatory notes or commentary, added to a completed document.

Electronic signature

A digital mark, code, or other symbol that identifies an individual and that indicates responsibility for or consent to the content of the material to which it is affixed.

medium

1. The physical material that serves as the carrier for information. – 2. Art · The materials and technique used to create a work. – 3. Painting · The liquid in which pigment is suspended.

Script

1. Handwriting. – 2. An original document. – 3. The written text of a dramatic work. – 4. Computing · A file that contains commands normally entered one at a time from the keyboard but that is executed as a batch process.

Seal

1. A die or stamp with a design used to make an impression in wax or on paper. – 2. A piece of wax, lead, or other material bearing a design from a die or stamp that serves as a sign of authenticity. – 3. A design impressed into paper from a die or stamp that serves as a sign of authenticity. – 4. A substance that must be broken before opening a container, used to detect unauthorized access. 5. To restrict access to, especially of court records. – 6. To authenticate or execute a document by marking with a design (seal3).

Special sign

Diplomatics · A mark that identifies individuals involved in the compilation, receipt, or execution of a record.

Time stamp

A notation made on a record indicating the time, and sometimes the date, that some action occurred.

1. Ichwanul Yaqin D352090232. M. Burhanudin D052090433. M. Zaki Amrullah D752090634. Fatkhurrozi D052090335. Rizky Yoga Abimayu D752090xx6. Bustanul Arifin D35209011

EXTRINSIC ELEMENTS

Extrinsic element is elements which come out of literary work which is indirectly influence the structure of the literary works.

Such as :

1. history2. social culture3. religion4. psychology5. philosophy6. world view7. economy

For instance, in the novel of Siti Nurbaya. It is so close with Minangkabau culture because the author ( Marah Rusli ) comes from Minangkabau.

Extrinsic element is indirectly influence the structure of literary works. It means these extrinsic elements become an integral part of the literature. By looking at extrinsic elements we can interpreted the meaning of the literary work. Extrinsic elements that affect the literary work can also be used as a portrait of an objective reality. So, we as readers can understand the psychological of society and author at the time, social culture and the philosophy.

GROUP III :

Umi Afifah Ulfatun Ni’mah Ulfia Wahyuningrum Nur Hidayati Siti Nur Hidayah Dian Novitasari Ely Shafanah

Second Group :1. Nur Fadhilah (D35209002)2. Pipin Rizky Pindo wati (D35209017)

3. Madinatul Munawwaroh (D05209039)

4. Yuni Sri Hasari (D05209057)

5. Leni Wijayanti (D75206072)

6. Riris Hidyawati (D35209005)

7. Lailatul Muniroh (D05206034)

A CLASS

EXTRINSIC ELEMENTSExtrinsic elements is the literary elements which can be found outside the literary works but it is

indirectly influence the structure of literary works.

Kinds of extrinsic elements:

1. World View A worldview is a theory of the world, used for living in the world. A world view is a mental model of reality — a framework of ideas & attitudes about the world, ourselves, and

life, a comprehensive system of beliefs — with answers for a wide range of questions:

2. Economy

Economy value from literary work, such as: rich and poor.

3. Style

Style, in literature, the mysterious yet recognizable result of a successful blending of form with content. Generally speaking, all the arts reflect one of two stylistic tendencies: the classical or the romantic. When applied to literature the first term suggests objective presentation, formal structure, and clear yet ceremonious language, and the second indicates subjective presentation, organic structure, and obscure, effusive, or everyday language. Style is also the badge of individuality that distinguishes a good writer from a poor or mediocre writer .

Style, to a fiction writer, is basically the way you write, as opposed to what you write about (though the two things are definitely linked). It results from things like word choice, tone, and syntax. It's the voice readers "hear" when they read your work.

4.Phsycology

Psychological study of literature, exploring its structure, function, and psychological value. Topics of discussion include symbolism, the purpose of storytelling, application of psychological theories and concepts, different literary genres, accuracy in the depiction of psychological variables and mental health professionals, how writing and reading reflect cognitive processes, and the therapeutic value of literature. Character analyses involve examination of personality, mental illness, developmental issues, conflicts, and motivation.

5. Social Value

Larger concept which includes social capital as well as the subjective abstractstandards or empirical variables in social life which are believed to be important and or desirable.

Aspects of the citizens' well-being, such as their ability to participate in making decisions that affect them.

Principles and standards of human interaction within a given group that are regarded by members of that group as being worthy, important, or significant.

The influences of extrinsic element to Literary Works

Influences of extrinsic literature is how the way a writer make the story be originality, ingenuity, and compression. The story must consideration of natural visible like the fact until the reader can certain fell the story it.

The writer must think about the psychology, economy, social value, and world view from prime personage, that is determine of journey the story. What be zig zag journey or straight journey in the story.that must aptly obvious,

reasons, and have effect.

Name : Taufiqurrohim (D75208069)

Moh. Sahar (D35208032)

Nur hayati Ganinda (D35208042)

Ana Fitriyah (D75208066)

Khoiriya (D35208035)

Extrinsic Elements

- The literary elements which can be found outside the literary works but it is indirectly influence the structure of the literary works.

- In extrinsic element there are psychology, world view, economy, social value etc

- Psychology

Psychology in literature works means that the result of our literary work will effect psychologically not only for reader but also for who makes the literary work. Psychologically means that our literary work will effect to sense or feeling of the reader. The reader will feel sad, cry, happy and the reader will enjoy reading the literary work. Psychology is also effect to the plot and character on the literary work. It has to be done to make the reader interest about the literary work and influences to the reader feeling. The reader desire for read more and more when the plot is no complicated and the character is interest for the reader.

- World view (Human perceptions)

World view in literature works means that literary work is suitable for the condition of the world nowadays. So that when we make a literary work we have to consider the topic that we choose right topic or theme. And we have to consider human perception about the literary work it is good or bad not.

- Social value

Social value is based on the assumption that individuals pursue different goals when making decisions for which the outcomes affect others. It connects with the environment around us. And we have to think that our literary work is give benefit for the reader and not to influence the reader to do bad after the book.

- Economy

The creator of the literary work must be considering about the commercial. The people not only look the quality of content but also the people consider the quality of the cover, paper, paper quality and the quantity of the book. When the book is expensive the reader will think more to buy the book.

- Religion

The religion in literary work is one of important thing that we have to consider before we make a literary work. The religion value is effect in content of literary work, when the writer insert religion value indirectly the writer have been invited or give the lesson the reader morality lesson. Besides of that the writer should consider the discrimination in religion to get acceptance of the reader.

Intro to Literature (C class)

1. The Extrinsic Elements are the literary elements that can be found outside of the literary works, but it is indirectly influence the structure of literary works.

2. The Extrinsic elements, are:a. Social Value

It is the value related to all of the social contexts, including moral value, lifestyle, and others.b. World View

It is how the writer looks or means the world, including his/her beliefs and principles of life.c. Psychology

It includes the psychological conditions of the writer in creating the literary works. It also concerns to the reader’s conditions.

d. EconomyIt includes the economical condition of the writer.

3. How can the extrinsic elements influence the literary works??Those elements are totally influent the literary works. Social values, world view, psychology,

and economy identically belong to the writer. At least, they will lead the writer’s mind set. Therefore, those elements will indirectly influence the structure and the content of the literary works.

Members of the group:1. Rini Budi Rahayu (D75209062)2. Titis Kusuma Dewi (75209071)3. Rufaidah Kusumawati (D05209056)4. Ismawati (D35209003)5. Winarti (D75209067)6. Sri Surya Dewi (D75209061)7. Gabriskha Hafiz Kuzzaida (D35209012)8. Alda Dea Delfina (D35209022)9. Novia Faricha (D05209032)10. Ana Lailatul Fitria (D75209068)11. Layli Ayuning Mashita (D35209028)

GROUP:

1. Silvia Rif’atin NJ D352080042. Maya Indah Lestari D35208011

3. Azizatul Ummah D352080184. Naila Falahiyah D052081105. Lusi Puspa D352080346. Sifa’ul Alifah D752080707. Noor Diany Ajeng L8. Khoiriyah

INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE ASSIGNMENT

Extrinsic Element is the element that is outside of literature or stories, but also determines the form and content of a work/story. It inspired the writing of literary works and influence of literature as a whole. It is everything that inspire and influence the work of literary writing literature as a whole include:

Background of the author’s life (psychological of the writer) Belief and world view writer Customs prevailing at that time The political situation (historical issues) Economics situation. Social value

According to Wellek & Warren (1956), part of which includes extrinsic elements are as follows:

1. Circumstances of individual subjectivity authors who have attitudes, beliefs, and outlook on life that these things affect the making of literary works.

2. Psychological state, psychological well the author, psychological readers, as well as the application of psychological principles in the work.

3. Author of circumstances, such as economic, social, and political.4. View of life of a nation, the various works of art, religion, and so forth.

Background of the author’s life as part of the extrinsic elements affects works of literature. For example, the author of a particular area of cultural backgrounds, are consciously or unconsciously, will incorporate elements of culture into literature.

Author’s religious background or religiosity also can affect the work of the author's life back literature. It also is important in influencing the work of these extrinsic literature. These elements become an integral part of the building works of literature. Extrinsic element gives color and flavor to literature, which in turn can be interpreted as meaning. Extrinsic elements that affect the work can also be used as a portrait of objective reality at the time the work was born. So, we as readers can understand the psychological mood state of society and author at the time.

Risalatil Umami D35209030

Sri Utami D05209052

Ani Wijayanti D05209046

Nur Kholilah D35209027

Astri Nurul Hidayah D05209047

Mukammil D03504999

Syifa’ Khuriyatuz Zahro D05209051

EXTRINSIC ELEMENT

Extrinsic elements are elements that exist outside the body of literature but very influential on the content of such literary works.

Extrinsic elements is any external factor behind the creation literary works such as the

Sociological Historical values Moral values Value of psychology

It is subjective value of an author who can be social conditions, motivations, tendencies that encourage and affect one’s authorship. In turn element extrinsic actually exist outside of literature, it is quite helpful in understanding the literary reviewers and enjoy the work at hand. Experience depth and the introduction of such extrinsic elements allows one reviewers are able to interpret works of literature with more precise.

Name :1. Syarifah Hidayatullah ( D05209035)2. Wahdah Mahfudhoh (D35209019)

EXTRINSIK ELEMENTS

Extrinsic Elements are elements that are outside of literature, but indirectly affect the structure or organism system literature. More specifically it can be said that the extrinsic elements act as elements that affect Bagun a story. Therefore, the element esktrinsik literary works must remain seen as something important.

Extrinsic Elements

As an intrinsic element, the element was composed of several extrinsic elements. According to Wellek & Warren (1956), part of which includes extrinsic elements are as follows.

1. Circumstances of individual subjectivity authors who have attitudes, beliefs, and outlook on life that these things affect the making of literary works. 2. Psychological state, psychological well the author, psychological readers, as well as the application of psychological principles in the work. 3. Author of circumstances, such as economic, social, and political. 4. View of life of a nation, the various works of art, religion, and so forth. Background of the author's life as part of the extrinsic elements affect works of literature. For example, the author of a particular area of cultural backgrounds, are consciously or unconsciously, will incorporate elements of culture into literature.

According to Malinowski, which includes elements of culture are language, technology systems, livelihood systems, social organization, systems of knowledge, religion, and art.

These elements become the supporting literature. For example, the novel is thick with Siti Nurbaya Minangkabau culture. This is consistent with the background of its author, Marah Rusli, which originated from Minangkabau region.

Similarly, the novel Ceremony by Korrie Layun Rampan backed Kalimantan Dayak culture because its author comes from Kalimantan.

Similarly, in the novel Tiger! Tiger! works of Mochtar Lubis, we will find an intrinsic element of cultural values. Especially, related to the livelihood systems, technology systems, religion, and art. Livelihoods are occupied by the characters in the novel as a search resin and rattan in the forest. The tools used are still traditional.

In addition to cultural, religious background or religiosity author also can affect the work of literature. For example, in a novel Kartamihardja Achdiat Atheism and Manifesto khalifatullah, Danarto in the novel The dome, or Habiburahman El-Shirazi in the Ayat-Ayat Cinta and When Love.

Background of the author's life will also be important in influencing the work of literature. Poets who live in rural areas will always describe the life of the village community with all its problems. For example, in Hamlet Paruk Ronggeng novel by Ahmad Tohari.

Thus, these extrinsic elements become an integral part of the building works of literature. Extrinsic element gives color and flavor to literature, which in turn can be interpreted as meaning. Ektrinsik elements that affect the work can also be used as a portrait of objective reality at the time the work was born. So, we as readers can understand the psychological mood state of society and author at the time.

NAME : Luthfy Handasa Introduction To Literature

CLASS : C

NIM : D35207031

DEFINITION   

The physical and formal characteristics that constitute a document's material nature and appearance, independent of its intellectual content. Extrinsic elements refer to specific, perceivable features of the record that are instrumental in communicating and achieving the purpose for which it was created. For electronic records, these include: overall presentation features specific presentation features (electronic signatures and electronic seals digital time stamps; other special signs

INFLUENCES

There are some external points are discussed in study of literature. But setting and environment are more often discussed. Sometimes, the extrinsic study only connects the literature to the social context and the previous growth. In most cases, it becomes a ‘causal’ explanation, professing to account for literature, to explain it, and finally to reduce it to its origins (the ‘fallacy of origins’) (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 73).

Yet, it is clear that causal study can never dispose of problems of description, analysis, and evaluation of an object such as work of literary art. Cause and effect are incommensurate: the concrete result of these extrinsic causes –the work of art- is always unpredictable (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 73)

There are some opinions about the extrinsic factors influence the literary works such as the biography, psychology, social life, causal explanation of literature largely in such other collective creations, and some quintessential spirit of the time.

But either how far these factors determine the production process of literary works, or how far the extrinsic method supposed to be able in measuring the external influence, depends on the approach which is used. The scientist who uses the social approach tent to come to determine in straight. Their radicalism is the influence of positivism. This occurs to the proponents of geistegeschichte, which is combined with hegelianism and romanticism. Moreover, they are more radical than the scientists who use the social approach. On the other hand, there are some of scientists who are more modest. They do not depend only on one factor. The other factors may give effects as well.

NameHari Subagyo/D05209036Zainal Abidin/D35209011Raudlotul Muthaharah/ D05208109Muhammad Nizar/

World View

A world of view is a set of beliefs that we hold through which we organize our understanding of ourselves and our understanding of others

Effect

This will affect the making of literature to how overcomes the obstacle are faced, it will affect the story line and how it will be overcomed when there is a conflict

Psychology

Psychological study of literature, exploring its structure, function, and psychological value. Topics of discussion include symbolism, the purpose of storytelling, application of psychological theories and concepts, different literary genres, accuracy in the depiction of psychological variables and mental health professionals, how writing and reading reflect cognitive processes, and the therapeutic value of literature. Character analyses involve examination of personality, mental illness, developmental issues, conflicts, and motivation. This course counts as an interdisciplinary elective for Henderson's Master of Liberal Arts program.

Effect

This element will affect the characters in the story, perhaps the main character will be the good one, but it’s possible to make the bad one become the main character.

Social value

Abstract standards or empirical variables in social life which are believed to be important and/or desirable. 

Effect

This element will affect the standard laws that the story use. Standarized of good and evil will be decided based on the social value

Economy

consists of the economic system of a country or other area, the labor, capital and land resources, and the economic agents that socially participate in the production, exchange, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area. A given economy is the end result of a process that involves its technological evolution, history and social organization, as well as its geography, natural resource endowment, and ecology, as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions.

Effect

This element will affect, the main character background financial or thhe whole financial condition of the story.

GENERAL COMMENTSThank you for your effort to submit the assignment by email. Sorry for the inconvinience. I have read your works and there are general comments that I want to share;

1.When you quote someone’s opinion from the book or the internet, don’t forget to add the references. Paraphrase it so it will help you a lot to comprehend the idea.

2.Use example to support your answer. So we can check your understanding about the topic.

3.Give more detail information for each point.4.All of you have done a good job.5.Get ready for the next assignment; find the

characteristics of prose and drama Compare it and determine the general intrinsic elements that can be found on a prose and drama. Submit it by email for next week. Do it in group of 8.