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ARAC ACS – AMT WG: Recommendations for AMT ACS

Section I: General

(A) Basic Electricity

(i) The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

(1) Electron theory (conventional flow vs. electron flow)(2) Magnetism(3) Capacitance in a circuit(4) Inductance in a circuit(5) AC electrical circuits(6) DC electrical circuits(7) Ohm's law(8) Kirchhoff's laws(9) Voltage(10)Current(11)Resistance(12)Power(13)Series circuits(14)Parallel circuits(15)Aircraft batteries(16)Transformers(17)Circuit continuity(18)Controlling devises including switches and relays(19)Protective devices including fuses and circuit breakers(20)Resistor types and color coding(21)Semiconductors including diodes, transistors and integrated circuits(22)Digital logic, including RAM, ROM, NVRAM, AND-gate, OR-gate, inverter, flip-flop(23)Binary numbers(24)Electrostatic discharge(25)Electrical circuit drawings

(ii) The applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassing:

(1) Safety precautions to be employed when taking voltage, current, resistance and capacitance measurements

(2) Handling and storage of different type batteries (i.e. lead acid, NiCad, lithium ion, gel cell)

(3) Safety factors when dealing with high-voltage circuits such as found in strobe lighting(4) Safety precautions to be employed when connecting or disconnecting a battery

(iii) The applicant demonstrates skill to:

(1) Perform circuit continuity test(2) Measure voltage(3) Measure current(4) Measure resistance(5) Calculate power(6) Calculate capacitance and/or inductance(7) Test a switch or relay(8) Test a fuse or circuit breaker

AMT ACS Recommendations of 35

(9) Read and interpret aircraft electrical circuit diagrams, and symbols, including solid state devices and logic functions

(10)Troubleshoot a circuit(11)Inspect and service an aircraft battery(12)Identify symbols used in electrical and electronic schematic diagrams (e.g., grounds,

shields, resistors, capacitors, fuses, circuit breakers, batteries, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits)

(13)Demonstrate how to test for short-circuit and open-circuit conditions(14)Measure voltage drop across a resistor(15)Determine or measure for open electrical circuits

(B) Aircraft Technical Graphics


(1) Drawings, blueprints, sketches and/or system schematics including commonly used lines, symbols and terminology

(2) Repair or alteration of an aircraft system or component(s) using drawings/blueprints and/or system schematics to determine whether it conforms to its type design

(3) Inspection of an aircraft system or component(s) using drawings/blueprints and/or schematics

(4) Terms used in conjunction with aircraft drawings/blueprints and/or system schematics


(1) Plus or minus tolerances as depicted on aircraft drawings(2) Use of manufactures specifications for design of alterations and repairs(3) Ensuring that the drawing or schematic is the one that is applicable to the particular

aircraft by model and serial number(4) Identification of correct version and applicability of drawing to be used


(1) Draw a sketch of a repair or alteration(2) Identify the meaning of lines and symbols used in an aircraft drawing(3) Interpret dimensions used in an aircraft drawing(4) Identify changes on an aircraft drawing(5) Determine material requirements from an aircraft drawing(6) Interpret graphs and charts

(C) Weight and Balance


(1) Commonly used terminology such as datum, positive or negative arm, positive or negative moment, mean aerodynamic chord (MAC), tare, ballast, and residual fuel/oil

(2) Purpose of weighing or reweighing an aircraft(3) Weighing procedures(4) Procedures for calculation of the following: arm, positive or negative moment, center of

gravity (CG) or moment index(5) Purpose and application of weight and CG limits(6) Purpose of determining CG


(7) Adverse loading considerations and how to calculate if adverse loading will cause an out of limit condition

(8) Determine proper empty weight configuration(9) Proper ballast placement


(1) Situations that can lead to unsafe conditions when jacking an aircraft (i.e., jacking the aircraft in an area that is susceptible to wind gusts)

(2) Dangers of weighing an aircraft without following recommended procedures(3) Improper use of scales(4) Adverse aerodynamic effect of CG that is forward or aft of CG limits(5) Adverse aerodynamic and performance effects of weight in excess of limits


(1) Research and explain the procedures for weighing an aircraft(2) Perform weight and balance calculations(3) Calculate ballast/weight shift(4) Check aircraft weighing scales for calibration(5) Calculate weight and balance for an aircraft after an equipment change(6) Compute forward and aft loaded CG limit(7) Create a maintenance record for a weight and balance change(8) Compute the amount of fuel needed for weight and balance computations(9) Compute the empty weight and empty weight CG of an aircraft(10)Calculate the moment of an item of equipment(11)Identify tare items(12)Locate weight and balance information(13)Locate datum(14)Locate the baggage compartment placarding requirements for an aircraft(15)Revise an aircraft equipment list after equipment change(16)Determine the weight and location of required ballast(17)Calculate the change needed to correct an out of balance condition(18)Determine an aircraft’s CG range using aircraft specifications and type certificate data

sheets

(D) Fluid Lines and Fittings


(1) Tubing and hose materials(2) Tubing and hose applications(3) Tubing and hose sizes(4) Tubing and hose fittings(5) Flexible hose identification(6) Rigid line fabrication techniques/practices(7) Rigid line installation techniques/practices(8) Flexible hose fabrication techniques/practices(9) Flexible hose installation techniques/practices(10)Avoiding twisting when installing flexible fluid hoses(11)Importance of using a torque wrench when securing fluid hose and line fittings


(12)Use of torque seal or similar witness techniques after installing critical fluid hose and line fittings


(1) Proper system configuration prior to and during maintenance. i.e. all pressures depleted and system tagged prior to disassembly or maintenance

(2) Proper use of required safety equipment and gear(3) Use of approved materials and components(4) Observing minimum bend radius when fabricating rigid lines and installing flexible hoses(5) Identifying the hazards associated with a twisted hose(6) Identifying when a fitting has loosened or a hose has moved out-of-position


(1) Fabricate an aircraft rigid line(2) Install an aircraft rigid line(3) Install an aircraft flexible hose(4) Perform a rigid line or flexible hose inspection(5) Identify installation and security requirements for rigid lines and flexible hoses(6) Identify fluid and air lines and fittings(7) Fabricate a flare on tubing(8) Install a flareless-fitting-tube connection

(E) Materials, Hardware and Processes


(1) Materials commonly used in aircraft and their general application(2) Heat treatment processes, using DD or “icebox” rivets(3) Forces placed on aircraft materials (e.g., tension, compression, torsion, bending, strain,

and shear)(4) Typical wood materials and fabric coverings(5) Hardware commonly used in aircraft (e.g., bolts, nuts, screws, pins, washers, turnlock

fasteners, cables, cable fittings, and rigid line couplings)(6) Safety wire and safety clip requirements and techniques(7) Precision measurement and precision measurement tools, principles and procedures(8) Visible characteristics of acceptable and/or unacceptable welds(9) Non-destructive testing methods as appropriate for various materials(10)Use of torque wrenches(11)Wet vs. dry torque(12)Running vs. breakaway torque(13)Suitability and compatibility of materials and hardware used for maintenance(14)Relationship between torque and fastener preload(15)The concept of troubleshooting in aircraft maintenance(16)The steps involved in troubleshooting a problem(17)How to prioritize the troubleshooting procedure(18)Troubleshooting intermittent problems(19)Identifying observed symptoms accurately


(1) The proper use personal protective equipment (PPE)


(2) Consequences of improper torque(3) Identification of threaded fasteners for damaged threads or damaged cadmium plating(4) Misunderstanding and misapplication of torqueing techniques on critical highly-stressed

fasteners(5) Consequences of using suspected unapproved parts (SUPS)(6) Hazards associated with not following policies and procedures for torqueing


(1) Install safety wire on nuts, bolts, turnbuckles and airframe or engine components(2) Properly torque aircraft hardware(3) Perform a visual inspection of various welds(4) Identify aircraft materials and hardware based on manufacturer’s markings(5) Select and install aircraft bolts(6) Make precision measurements with an instrument that has a Vernier micrometer scale(7) Check the concentricity of a shaft(8) Identify aircraft control cable components(9) Fabricate a cable assembly using a swaged end fitting(10)Select the correct aluminum alloy for a structural repair(11)Identify rivets by physical characteristics(12)Determine suitability of materials for aircraft repairs(13)Distinguish between heat-treated and non-heat-treated aluminum alloys(14)Determine required torque value of given item(15)Check for proper calibration of a micrometer

(F) Ground Operation and Servicing


(1) Aircraft towing procedures(2) Aircraft securing procedures(3) Types of aviation fuel(4) Aviation fueling procedures(5) Airport operation procedures and ATC communications(6) Starting, ground operating, and/or taxiing procedures(7) Types/classes of fire extinguishers and procedures(8) Aircraft oil, hydraulic and pneumatic and deicing servicing procedures(9) Oxygen system servicing procedures(10)Characteristics of aviation gasoline and/or turbine fuels, including basic types and

means of identification(11)Fuel additives commonly used in the field(12)Use of automobile fuel in aircraft engines(13)Jacking and securing procedures(14)Tool and hardware accountability(15)Physical entry and personnel control(16)Reporting and investigation(17)Material handling(18)Parts protections(19)Hazardous materials(20)Wildlife and environmental effects


(21)Foreign object damage effects


(1) Dangers associated with starting, ground operating, and/or taxiing aircraft and procedures for preventing, minimizing or otherwise managing any of them

(2) Fuel contamination hazards(3) Consequences of using incorrect fuel(4) Dangers associated with starting a turbine aircraft engine and engine run-up(5) Oxygen system safety practices/precautions(6) Cautions involved in preparing to tow an aircraft. i.e. brakes, clearance for large aircraft(7) Ground operations of piston aircraft engines with cowling removed(8) Risks associated with high-power and extended low-power ground operations of piston

aircraft engines (when they have little or no cooling airflow)


(1) Identify procedures for securing an aircraft(2) Identify procedures for towing an aircraft(3) Follow a start-up checklist for an aircraft reciprocating or turbine engine(4) Prepare an aircraft for engine starting(5) Use appropriate hand signals for the movement of aircraft(6) Identify procedures for fueling an aircraft(7) Determine the remaining amount of fuel in an aircraft(8) Inspect an aircraft fuel system for water contamination(9) Identify procedures for extinguishing fires in an engine induction system(10)Connect an external auxiliary power unit(11)Identify different grades of aviation gasoline(12)Identify procedures for securing a helicopter for high-wind conditions(13)Identify procedures for securing a turbine-powered aircraft after engine shutdown(14)Locate jacking and mooring points(15)Locate jacking procedures(16)Select an approved fuel for an aircraft(17)Carry out a foreign object elimination control procedure related to a maintenance task(18)Describe foreign object elimination control systems in a maintenance setting

(G) Cleaning and Corrosion Control


(1) Aircraft washing procedures(2) Corrosion theory and causation(3) Types and effects of corrosion(4) Corrosion prone areas in aircraft(5) Corrosion preventive maintenance procedures(6) Corrosion identification and inspection(7) Corrosion removal and treatment procedures(8) Corrosion Preventive Compounds (CPC) (e.g., waxy sealants, thin-film dielectrics)(9) Selection of optimal CPC(10) Frequency of CPC treatment(11)Use of high-pressure application equipment (i.e., fogging)(12)Improper use of cleaners on aluminum or composite materials


(13)Dissimilar metals causing accelerated corrosion, and role of things like cadmium plating to mitigate this risk


(1) Improper use or lack of use of appropriate personal protective equipment when handling solvents

(2) Identifying health concerns when using paints and solvents(3) Identifying the appropriate personal protective equipment for working with paints and

solvents(4) Hazards associated with improper ventilation


(1) Perform a portion of an aircraft corrosion inspection(2) Identify and select aircraft corrosion prevention/cleaning materials(3) Apply corrosion prevention/coating materials(4) Inspect finishes and identify defects(5) Inspect an aircraft compartment(6) Identify procedures to clean and protect plastics

(H) Mathematics


(1) Areas of various geometrical shapes(2) Volumes of various geometrical shapes(3) Definitions/descriptions of geometrical terms, including but not limited to any of the

following: polygon, pi, diameter, radius, and hypotenuse(4) Ratio problems, including examples of where or how they may be used in relation to

aircraft maintenance or system(s) operation(5) Proportion and percentage problems, including examples of where or how they may be

used in relation to aircraft maintenance or system(s) operation(6) Algebraic operations, including examples of where or how they may be used in relation

to aircraft maintenance(7) Conditions or areas where metric conversion may be necessary(8) Scientific (exponential) notation, decimal notation, fractional notation, binary notation,

and conversion between these various forms of numeric notation(9) Rounding numbers


(1) Failure to use the precedence of algebraic operators when solving an algebraic equation(2) Failure to maintain the correct positive or negative integer in mathematical operations(3) Implications of rounding numbers when precision is needed


(1) Determine the square root of given numbers(2) Compute the volume of a cylinder(3) Compute the area of a wing(4) Calculate the volume of a shape; such as a baggage compartment or fuel tank(5) Convert fractional numbers to decimal equivalents(6) Compare two numerical values using ratios


(7) Compute compression ratio(8) Add, subtract, multiply, and/or divide positive and negative numbers(9) Compute the least common denominator of two or more fractions(10)Compute the torque value change when using a torque wrench with an extension(11)Convert between binary and decimal numerical forms

(I) Regulations, Publications and Recordkeeping


(1) Privileges and limitations of a mechanic certificate(2) Recent experience requirements and how to re-establish once lost(3) Meaning of approval for return to service after repairs and/or alterations(4) Meaning of approval for return to service after inspection(5) The use of FAA maintenance recordkeeping forms (e.g., FAA Forms 337, 8010-4, 8100-2,

8130-3)(6) Maintenance terminology as defined in 14 CFR part 1 (e.g., time in service,

maintenance, preventive maintenance, major alteration, major repair, minor alteration minor repair)

(7) Criteria and responsibility for determining whether a repair or alteration is major or minor

(8) The regulatory framework including general subject matter of the relevant parts of 14 CFR relevant to aircraft maintenance and mechanics

(9) Agency publications and guidance materials including type certificate data sheets (TCDS), advisory circulars and airworthiness directives

(10)Manufacturer publications including maintenance manuals, service bulletins, maintenance alerts and master minimum equipment list

(11)FAA databases and resources available including type certificate data sheets and supplemental type certificates

(12)TCDS non-regulatory and non-compulsory status(13)Compliance requirements for manufacturer-specified methods, techniques and

practices(14) Compliance requirements for manufacturer-specified maintenance and inspection

intervals(15)Service bulletin and compliance requirements(16)FAA-approved maintenance data including maintenance manuals and other methods,

techniques and practices acceptable by the administrator(17)Difference between approved data and acceptable data, and when each is required(18)FAA airworthiness limitations(19)Alert, Caution, and Warning Indications; understand the basic definition of warnings,

cautions, and notes that are used in maintenance and operating manuals(20)Inoperative equipment(21)Discrepancy records or placards(22)The use of useable on codes in parts manuals(23)Determining the serial number effectivity of an item(24)Limitations of a certificate and/or rating(25)Recency of experience requirements(26)Alert, Caution, and Warning Indications; understand the basic definition of warnings,

cautions, and notes that are used in maintenance and operating manuals


(27)Length of and practical experience required for certificate eligibility


(1) Hazards that can result from incomplete or inaccurate documentation(2) Use of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), Safety Data Sheets (SDS)(3) Being complacent during documentation phase of maintenance procedures(4) Understand the consequences of not adhering to warnings, cautions, or notes as they

are used in maintenance and operational manuals(5) Understand the consequences of not adhering to warnings, cautions, or notes as they

are used in maintenance and operational manuals


(1) Utilize FAA Form 337 or 8130-3 based on a given set of facts (e.g., 100-hour inspection, serviceable part installation, applicable airworthiness directive, applicable service bulletin)

(2) Check accuracy of a completed FAA Form 337 or 8130-3(3) Determine aircraft airworthiness by examining maintenance record entries(4) Prepare an airworthiness directives list for a specific airframe, aircraft engine, appliance

or propeller(5) Compare an equipment list for an aircraft to equipment installed(6) Locate applicable FAA aircraft specifications and/or FAA type certificate data sheet for

an aircraft or component(7) Locate aircraft flight control travel limits(8) Determine applicability of an airworthiness directive(9) Check a technical standard order part for the proper markings(10)Use a manufacturer’s illustrated parts catalog to locate a specific part number and

applicability(11)Locate supplemental type certificates applicable to a specific aircraft(12)Determine the conformity of aircraft instrument range markings and/or placarding(13)Determine approved replacement parts for installation on a given aircraft(14)Determine maximum allowable weight of a specific aircraft(15)Determine whether a given repair or alteration is major or minor(16)Locate mechanic address change notification procedures(17)Lookup applicable CFR section(s) that answers questions posed regarding FAA mechanic

privileges and limitations(18)Determine whether manufacturer’s service instructions are required by regulation(19)List the various sources of approved data and of acceptable data(20)Explain the difference in requirements for a major repair/alteration and a minor

repair/alteration(21)Explain the difference between “approved data” (required for major repair/alteration)

and “acceptable data” (required for minor repair/alteration)(22)Write a 100-hour inspection aircraft maintenance record entry

(J) Aviation Physics


(1) Matter and energy(2) Work, power, force and motion(3) Simple machines and mechanics


(4) Heat and pressure(5) Bernoulli’s Principle(6) Newton’s law of motion(7) Gas law and fluid mechanics(8) Theory of flight (aerodynamics)(9) Standard atmosphere and factors affecting atmospheric conditions(10)Primary and Secondary aircraft flight controls(11)Additional aerodynamic devices including vortex generators, wing fences, and stall strips(12)Relationship between temperature, density, weight, and volume(13)Inadequate preload in highly stressed threaded fasteners(14)Precautions to ensure adequate preload when installing such fasteners


(1) The change in aircraft and engine performance due to density altitude(2) Effect a repair can have on contour of a flight surface(3) Improper use of performance/testing data(4) Hazards associated with using incorrect units (e.g., Celsius vs. Fahrenheit)


(1) Convert temperature units (e.g., from Celsius to Fahrenheit)(2) Determine density altitude(3) Determine pressure altitude(4) Calculate force, area, or pressure in a specific application(5) Demonstrate the mechanical advantage of various types of levers(6) Design an inclined plane on paper, indicating the mechanical advantage(7) Identify changes in pressure and velocity as a fluid passes through a venturi(8) Design a mechanical pulley system

(K) Inspections


(1) Measuring tools including calipers, micrometers and gauges(2) Calibration and tool accuracy(3) Nondestructive testing(4) Aircraft inspection programs(5) Aircraft inspection methods and tools(6) Special inspections including aging aircraft, hard-landing, sudden stoppage, over-speed

and lightning strike(7) Magnetic particle inspection(8) Eddy-current inspection(9) Ultra-sonic inspection


(1) Risk of damage due to magnetic particles(2) Inaccurate use of precision measuring instruments(3) Calibration requirements for precision measuring instruments(4) The appropriate use of inspection techniques(5) The risks associated with swapping components as a part of troubleshooting


(6) The precautions to be taken to prevent damage to aircraft components and/or test equipment when performing tests using an ohmmeter

(7) Inadequate troubleshooting procedures


(1) Use Vernier calipers(2) Use micrometers(3) Use measurement gauges(4) Perform a visual inspection(5) Perform a dye penetrant inspection(6) Describe the magnetic particle inspection process(7) Inspect aircraft for compliance with an AD(8) Identify NDT methods for composite, surface metal and subsurface metal defects

(L) Human Factors


(1) Safety culture and organizational factors(2) Human error principles(3) Event investigation(4) Human performance and limitations(5) Physical and social environment(6) Communication/reporting of hazards(7) Teamwork and leadership(8) Professionalism and integrity(9) Shift and task turnover(10)The “Dirty Dozen”(11) Use of safety goggles, respirators, hearing protection, safety shoes, and other

protective equipment and devices


(1) Failure to report hazards(2) Fatigue management and fitness for duty(3) Maintenance-induced failure(4) Common causes of maintenance-induced failures(5) Non-invasive condition-monitoring technologies(6) Describe the risks associated with performing preventive maintenance too frequently(7) The role of reliability-centered maintenance in the occurrence of maintenance-induced

failures


(1) File an Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) report(2) Brief a shift turnover for continuity of work(3) Communicate a discrepancy found in a colleague’s work(4) Use protective safety equipment


Section II: Airframe Structures

(A) Metallic Structures


(1) Inspection/testing of sheet metal structures(2) Types of sheet metal defects(3) Selection of sheet metals(4) Layout, and/or forming of sheet metal(5) Select Sheet metal rivets and hardware(6) Heat treatment of aluminum(7) Layout and/or form sheet metal(8) Rivet layout(9) Rivet installation(10)Maintenance safety practices/precautions for sheet metal(11)Corrosion Preventive Compounds (CPCs)(12)Conversion coatings


(1) The need for maintenance safety practices/precautions for sheet metal structures


(1) Install and remove conventional rivets(2) Inspect sheet metal(3) Select and install special fasteners(4) Properly use Manufacturer’s Structural Repair Manual(5) Prepare and install a patch to repair an aircraft or component(6) Make a drawing of a repair including the number of rivets and size of sheet metal

required(7) Remove a patch that was installed with rivets(8) Trim and form a piece of sheet metal to fit a prepared area(9) Fabricate a complex aluminum part in accordance with a drawing(10)Determine a rivet pattern for a specific repair given pitch, gauge, and edge distance(11)Install special fasteners of at least two different types(12)Countersink holes in sheet metal to .010 tolerance(13)Perform a repair on a damaged aluminum sheet

(B) Non-Metallic Structures


(1) Wood structures

(a) Inspection techniques, tools and practices for wood structures(b) Effects of moisture/humidity on wood(c) Types and/or general characteristics of wood used in aircraft structures(d) Permissible substitutes and/or other materials used in the construction and repair

of wood structures(e) Acceptable wood defects(f) Non-acceptable wood defects(g) Wood repair techniques and practices


(2) Aircraft covering

(a) Factors used in determining the proper type covering material(b) Types of approved aircraft covering material(c) Seams commonly used(d) Covering textile terms(e) Structure surface preparation(f) Covering methods commonly used(g) Covering means of attachment(h) Areas on aircraft covering most susceptible to deterioration(i) Aircraft covering preservation/restoration(j) Inspection of aircraft covering(k) Covering repair techniques and practices

(3) Composite and plastic structures and materials

(a) Inspection/testing of composite structures(b) Types of composite structure defects(c) Composite structure fiber, core, and/or matrix materials(d) Composite materials storage practices and shelf life(e) Composite structure repair methods, techniques, and practices(f) Window inspection/types of defects(g) Window material storage and handling(h) Window installation procedures(i) Care and maintenance of windows(j) Window temporary and/or permanent repairs(k) Maintenance safety practices/precautions for composite materials/structures,

and/or windows

(4) Composite core materials(5) Composite manufacturing methods(6) Composite structure inspection procedures(7) Plastics inspection and repair(8) Glass inspections(9) Types and/or general characteristics of wood used in aircraft structures(10)Maintenance safety practices for windows(11)Performing a hot-bond repair of composite structure(12)Composite material storage and shelf life


(1) Hazards associated with using the wrong type of glue or fasteners for aircraft structure(2) Factors involved in accuracy for use of using and designing aircraft drawings


(1) Select and install fasteners on composite structures(2) Inspect and repair fiberglass(3) Inspect composite, plastic, or glass-laminated structures(4) Inspect acrylic type windshields(5) Identify window enclosure materials(6) Prepare composite surface for painting


(7) Inspect pilot seat and seatbelt to include technical standard order (TSO) markings(8) Locate substitute wood material chart(9) Inspect aircraft wood structure or wood sample(10)Locate repair standard dimensions(11)Locate repair procedures for elongated bolt holes(12)Identify wood defects(13)Locate instructions for inspection of wood structures(14)Locate instructions for inspection of plywood structure and/or wood repairs(15)Locate wood spar and/or rib structure repair procedures(16)Locate procedures for applying fabric(17)Locate and explain inspection requirements for fabric

(C) Aircraft Finishes


(1) Protection of airframe structures(2) Primer materials(3) Topcoat materials(4) Surface preparation for a desired finishing material(5) Effects of ambient conditions on finishing materials(6) Effects of improper surface preparation on finishing materials(7) Regulatory requirements for registration markings(8) Inspection of aircraft finishes(9) Safety practices/precautions when using finishing materials(10)Fungicidal, butyrate, and/or nitrate dopes(11)Finishing materials application techniques and practices(12)Control surface balance considerations after refinishing


(1) The applicant should be able to identify the health concerns when using paints and solvents

(2) The applicant should be able to identify the appropriate personal protective equipment for working with paints and solvents


(1) Determine location and/or size requirements for aircraft registration numbers(2) Prepare composite surface for painting(3) Identify finishing materials and appropriate thinners(4) Layout and mask an aircraft identification marking (“N” number)(5) Prepare metal surface for painting(6) Inspect doped fabric finish(7) Inspect acrylic nitrocellulose lacquer finish(8) Determine what paint system can be used on a given aircraft(9) Apply etch solution and conversion coating(10)Determine if control surfaces require rebalancing(11)Identify types of protective finishes

(D) Welding



(1) Flame welding gasses(2) Storage/handling of welding gasses(3) Flame welding practices and techniques(4) Inert-gas welding practices and techniques(5) Purpose and types of shielding gasses(6) Characteristics of acceptable welds(7) Characteristics of unacceptable welds(8) Types of steel tubing welding repairs(9) Procedures for weld repairs(10)Soldering preparation, types of solder, and/or flux usage(11)Welding and/or soldering safety practices/precautions


(1) Safety procedures for compressed gas bottles(2) Safety procedures in the use of electric welding equipment


(1) Inspect and check welds(2) Select torch tips(3) Select welding rods(4) Adjust oxyacetylene flame to neutral appearance(5) Inspect and check welds

(E) Assembly and Rigging


(1) Control cable(2) Control cable maintenance(3) Cable connectors(4) Cable guides(5) Control stops(6) Push pull tubes(7) Torque tubes(8) Bell cranks(9) Flutter and flight control balance(10)Rigging of airplane or rotorcraft flight controls(11)Airplane or rotorcraft flight controls and/or stabilizer systems


(1) The use of and correct interpretation of a cable tension chart


(1) Locate the procedures needed to rig a helicopter(2) Identify fixed-wing aircraft rigging adjustment locations(3) Identify control surfaces that provide movement about an aircraft's axes(4) Locate leveling methods and procedures(5) Verify alignment of an empennage(6) Verify alignment of landing gear(7) Inspect a primary and secondary flight control surface


(8) Remove and/or reinstall a primary flight control surface(9) Assemble aircraft components(10)Inspect primary control cables(11)Install swaged cable terminals(12)Remove and reinstall a primary flight control cable(13)Adjust push-pull flight control systems(14)Balance a flight control surface

(F) Airframe Inspection


(1) Inspection requirements under 14 CFR Part 91(2) Maintenance recordkeeping requirements under 14 CFR Part 43 and 65(3) Requirements for complying with airworthiness directives


(1) Misinterpretation of inspection instructions which can lead to over or under maintenance being performed

(2) Hazards associated with using paint and solvents(3) Proper use of personal protective equipment for working with paints and solvents


(1) Accomplish an airframe conformity check(2) Perform an airframe inspection to include a records check(3) Perform a portion of a 100-hour/annual inspection in accordance with part 43(4) Perform a portion of the conformity inspection on an airframe(5) Enter results of a 100-hour inspection in a maintenance record(6) Determine compliance with a specific airworthiness directive(7) Provide a checklist for conducting a 100-hour inspection

Section III: Airframe Systems

(A) Landing Gear


(1) Fixed and retractable landing gear systems(2) Fixed and retractable landing gear components(3) Landing gear strut servicing/lubrication(4) Steering systems(5) Landing gear and warning system inspection, check and servicing(6) Brake assembly inspection(7) Anti-skid system components and operation(8) Wheel, brake and tire construction(9) Tire storage, care, and/or servicing(10)Position indicators(11)Electronic braking systems


(1) Landing gear and/or tire and wheel safety practices/precautions(2) Hazards association with improper use of aircraft jacks


(3) Hazards association with high pressure gasses and fluids


(1) Inspect and service a landing gear(2) Inspect, check and service an anti-skid system(3) Locate and explain procedures for checking operation of an anti-skid warning system(4) Locate and explain troubleshooting procedures for an anti-skid system(5) Jack aircraft(6) Describe a landing gear retraction(7) Inspect wheels, brakes and tires(8) Install brake lining(s) or brake assembly(9) Service landing gear and/or oil shock strut(10)Bleed air from a hydraulic brake system(11)Troubleshoot hydraulic brake systems(12)Remove, inspect, and/or install a wheel brake assembly(13)Inspect a tire for defects(14)Explain tire storage practices(15)Replace air/oil shock strut air valve(16)Troubleshoot an air/oil shock strut(17)Service a nosewheel shimmy damper(18)Adjust nosewheel steering system(19)Inspect landing gear alignment(20)Replace master brake cylinder packing seals(21)Troubleshoot landing gear retract system(22)Troubleshoot aircraft steering system(23)Identify landing gear position system components(24)Troubleshoot landing gear position and/or warning systems(25)Identify landing gear warning system components(26)Inspect landing gear position indicating system(27)Repair landing gear position indicating systems(28)Describe the sequence of operation for a landing gear warning system(29)Remove, install, and/or adjust a landing gear down-lock switch(30)Inspect a brake for serviceability(31)Troubleshoot nosewheel shimmy(32)Correctly relieving pressure prior to strut or system disassembly

(B) Hydraulic and Pneumatic


(1) Hydraulic system components and fluids(2) Hydraulic system operation(3) Hydraulic system servicing requirements(4) Hydraulic system inspection, check, servicing and troubleshooting(5) Pneumatic system types and components(6) Pneumatic system servicing requirements(7) Servicing, function, and/or operation of accumulators(8) Types of hydraulic/pneumatic seals and/or fluid/seal compatibility(9) Servicing hydraulic and/or pneumatic systems



(1) Correctly relieving system pressure prior to system servicing or disassembly(2) Hazards association with high pressure gasses and fluids


(1) Identify different types of hydraulic fluids(2) Identify different packing seals(3) Install seals in a hydraulic component(4) Remove and install a selector valve(5) Check a pressure regulator and adjust as necessary(6) Remove, clean, and install a hydraulic system filter(7) Service a hydraulic system accumulator(8) Service a hydraulic system reservoir(9) Remove, install, and check an engine-driven hydraulic pump(10)Troubleshoot hydraulic power system(11)Purge air from a hydraulic system(12)Remove and/or install a system pressure relief valve(13)Troubleshoot a hydraulic power system leak(14)Troubleshoot a pneumatic power system leak(15)Service pneumatic brake system air bottles(16)Inspect a pneumatic air bottle for condition and determine service life (hydrostatic

testing)(17)Adjust a pneumatic power system relief valve(18)Locate and explain hydraulic fluid servicing instructions and identify/select fluid for a

given aircraft(19)Identify and explain proper installation procedures for a seal, backup ring, and/or gasket

(C) Cabin Atmosphere Control


(1) Pressurization systems(2) Air cycle systems(3) Vapor cycle system(4) Bleed air heating(5) Aircraft instrument cooling(6) Exhaust heat exchanger and/or system component(s) function, operation, and/or

inspection procedures(7) Combustion heater and/or system component(s) function, operation, and/or inspection

procedures(8) Vapor-cycle system and/or system component(s) operation, servicing and/or inspection

procedures(9) Air-cycle system and/or system component(s) operation and/or inspection procedures(10)Cabin pressurization and/or system component(s) operation and/or inspection

procedures(11)Types of oxygen systems and/or oxygen system component(s) operation(12)Oxygen system maintenance procedures



(1) Oxygen system maintenance procedures and safety precautions(2) Environmental precautions for dealing with Freon refrigeration


(1) Inspect, check, service and troubleshoot an oxygen system(2) Locate and explain procedures for troubleshooting a cabin heater(3) Locate and explain the procedures for protecting a refrigerant (vapor-cycle) system from

contamination during replacement of a component(4) Identify sources of contamination in a refrigerant (vapor-cycle) system(5) Locate and explain the procedures for checking a combustion heater fuel system for

leaks(6) Identify and describe the units in a refrigerant (vapor-cycle) system in relation to each

other(7) Locate and explain the servicing procedures for a vapor-cycle air conditioning system(8) Locate and explain the inspection requirements for a cabin heater system equipped with

an exhaust heat exchanger(9) Locate the procedures for inspecting an outflow valve in a pressurization system(10)Locate and explain operating instructions for a refrigerant (vapor-cycle) system(11)Locate and explain the instructions for the Inspection of a pressurization system(12)Troubleshoot an air-cycle air conditioning system

(D) Aircraft Instruments


(1) Annunciator Indicating systems and the meaning of warning, caution, and advisory lights(2) Magnetic compass operation(3) Magnetic compass swinging procedures(4) Pressure indicating instruments(5) Temperature indicating instruments(6) Position Indication Sensors and instruments(7) Gyroscopic instruments(8) Direction indicating instruments(9) Instrument pneumatic systems(10)Pitot static system(11)Fuel quantity indicating systems(12)Instrument Range markings(13)Electronic displays(14)Electrostatic sensitive devises(15)Built in test equipment(16)Central maintenance computer system(17)Electronic flight instrument system(18)Engine indication and crew alerting system(19)Heads-up guidance system(20)14 CFR parts 43 and/or 91 requirements for static system checks


(1) Using caution not to exceed the instrument limitations during testing which can lead to instrument failure


(2) The consequences of not taking appropriate actions in response to a warning or caution annunciator light


(1) Perform a static system pressure system leak test(2) Remove and install instruments(3) Install range marks on an instrument glass(4) Determine barometric pressure using an altimeter(5) Check pitot-static heat for proper operation(6) Check for proper indication of a manifold pressure gauge(7) Perform a pitot-static system leak test(8) Inspect a magnetic compass(9) Locate and explain the procedures for troubleshooting a vacuum operated turn-and-

bank instruments(10)Select proper altimeter for installation on a given aircraft(11)Check a heated pitot tube for proper installation(12)Identify exhaust gas temperature system components(13)Service a vacuum system filter(14)Check an altimeter system for certification for instrument flight rules (IFR)(15)Adjust gyro/instrument air pressure(16)Describe the effects of gyro precession on a directional gyro system(17)Locate and explain the purpose of an aircraft’s alternate air (static) source(18)Determine the adjustment requirements of a flap position warning system(19)Locate and explain the adjustment procedures for a stall warning system(20)Locate and explain procedures for checking pneumatic/bleed air overheat warning

systems

(E) Communication and Navigation


(1) Radio operating principles(2) Radio components(3) Antennas, antenna inspection requirements, and mounting in the pressure vessel area

of a pressurized aircraft(4) Interphone systems(5) Systems including very high frequency (VHF), high frequency (HF), intercom, and

SATCOM(6) Aircraft communication addressing and reporting system (ACARS)(7) Audio integration system (AIS)(8) Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)(9) Automatic direction finder (ADF)(10)Very high frequency omnidirectional (VOR)(11)Distance measuring equipment (DME)(12)Instrument landing system (ILS)(13)Global positioning system (GPS)(14)Inertial navigation system (INS(15)Traffic alert and collision warning system (TCAS)(16)Weather radar


(17)Ground proximity warning systems(18)Warning systems(19)Auto-pilot theory, components and operation(20)Auto-throttle theory, components and operation(21)Stability augmentation(22)Antennas and antenna inspection requirements(23)Surveillance transponders(24)Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B)


(1) Using caution when testing ELT systems so as not to not give false signals to the ATC system


(1) Locate and explain return-to-service instructions for an autopilot system(2) Locate and explain autopilot inspection procedures(3) List autopilot major components(4) Locate and identify navigation and/or communication antennas(5) Check very high frequency (VHF) communications for operation(6) Inspect a coaxial cable installation for security(7) Check an emergency locator transmitter for operation(8) Inspect ELT batteries for expiration date(9) Inspect electronic equipment mounting base for security and condition(10)Inspect electronic equipment shock mount bonding jumpers for resistance(11)Inspect static discharge wicks for security and/or resistance(12)Inspect a radio installation for security(13)Locate and explain weather radar operating procedures(14)Identify transponder transmission line(15)Locate and explain the installation procedures for antennas including mounting and

coaxial connections(16)Make a list of required placards for communication and navigation avionic equipment(17)Locate and explain the troubleshooting procedures for a takeoff warning system(18)Locate and explain the adjustment procedures for a stall warning system(19)Locate and explain the procedures for checking pneumatic/bleed air overheat warning

systems

(F) Aircraft Fuel


(1) Fuel system types(2) Fuel system components including filters and selector valves(3) Aircraft fuel tanks(4) Fuel flow(5) Fuel transfer and defueling(6) Fuel dump systems


(1) Hazards associated with fuel system maintenance



(1) Inspect, check, troubleshoot, or repair a fuel system(2) Inspect a metal fuel tank(3) Inspect a bladder fuel tank(4) Inspect an integral fuel tank(5) Seal a leak in an integral fuel tank(6) Check manually operated fuel valves for proper operation and/or leaks(7) Troubleshoot a fuel valve problem(8) Drain fuel system sumps(9) Service a fuel system strainer(10)Determine the increment of calibration of a direct reading fuel indicating system(11)Inspect a remote indicating fuel quantity system(12)Locate and explain fuel system operating instructions(13)Locate and explain fuel system inspection procedures(14)Locate and explain fuel system crossfeed procedures(15)Locate and explain fuel system required placards(16)Locate and explain fuel system defueling procedures(17)Troubleshoot fuel pressure warning system(18)Locate and explain troubleshooting procedures for fuel temperature systems(19)Remove and/or install a fuel quantity transmitter(20)Troubleshoot fuel quantity indicating system(21)Troubleshoot aircraft fuel systems(22)Remove and install a fuel selector valve

(G) Aircraft Electrical


(1) Generators(2) Alternators(3) Starter generators(4) Constant Speed Drive (CSD) systems and/or system components(5) Voltage regulators(6) DC generation systems(7) AC generation systems(8) DC power distribution systems(9) AC power distribution systems(10)Inverter systems(11)Aircraft wiring sizes, types and selection(12)Aircraft wiring shielding(13)Aircraft lightning protection(14)Aircraft bonding(15)Aircraft lighting systems(16)Using the aircraft maintenance manual, develop a troubleshooting plan for an electrical

charging system failure(17)Explain what flight deck effect might result from a shorted circuit and why



(1) Using caution when testing/troubleshooting electrical systems or components to avoid damage to the system or components


(1) Inspect aircraft wiring to verify installation and routing(2) Perform wire terminating and splicing(3) Perform build-up and repair of connectors(4) Read wiring circuits and diagrams(5) Solder aircraft wiring(6) Troubleshoot an airframe electrical circuit(7) Install, check and service airframe electrical wiring, switches, and protective devises(8) Secure wire bundles(9) Determine an electrical load in a given aircraft system(10)Install bonding jumpers(11)Check output voltage of a direct current (DC) generator(12)Check the resistance of an electrical system component(13)Check generator brush spring tension and/or service ability(14)Inspect and check anti-collision, position, and/or landing lights for proper operation(15)Identify components in an electrical system(16)Troubleshoot a DC electrical system supplied by an alternating current (AC) electrical

system(17)Identify components in an electrical schematic where AC is rectified to a DC voltage(18)Visually identify and describe operation of components in a constant speed drive (CSD)

or integrated drive generator (IDG)(19)Troubleshoot an aircraft system or component using an aircraft drawing(20)Perform a continuity test to verify the condition of a conductor and explain a normal

test result and one indicating a fault(21)Perform a test on a conductor for a short to ground and explain a normal test result and

one indicating a fault(22)Perform a test on a conductor for a short to other conductors and explain a normal test

result and one indicating a fault(23)Investigate an intermittent electric trim failure

(H) Ice and Rain Control


(1) Aircraft icing causes/effects(2) Ice detection systems(3) Anti-ice systems and components(4) De-ice systems and components(5) Blade, pneumatic, and repellant rain control systems(6) Anti-icing and/or de-icing system maintenance(7) Types of rain removal systems and/or operating characteristics


(1) The hazards of possible damage to system components during system testing or maintenance



(1) Inspect or operationally check pitot-static anti-ice system(2) Inspect or operationally check deicer boot(3) Clean a pneumatic deicer boot(4) Check an electrically-heated pitot tube system(5) Locate and explain procedures for troubleshooting an electrically-heated pitot system(6) Inspect thermal anti-ice systems(7) Check an electrically-heated windshield(8) Inspect an electrically-operated windshield wiper system(9) Check an electrically or hydraulically-operated windshield wiper system(10)Replace blades on a windshield wiper system(11)Check pneumatic rain removal system(12)Check a rain repellent system(13)Locate and explain inspection procedures for chemical rain protection of a windscreen

(I) Overheat and Fire Detection, Protection, and Suppression


(1) Types of fires and aircraft fire zones(2) Fire detection and warning systems(3) Fire detection system maintenance and inspection(4) Smoke and carbon monoxide detection systems(5) Fire extinguishing agents and types of extinguishing systems(6) Fire extinguishing system maintenance and inspection requirements


(1) Using appropriate caution to avoid personal injury when working on or testing fire extinguishing systems

(2) Hazards of electro-static discharge(3) Hazards of fire suppressant systems


(1) Troubleshoot an aircraft fire detection and extinguishing system(2) Determine proper container pressure for an installed fire extinguisher system(3) Identify maintenance procedures for fire detection and/or extinguishing system(s)

and/or system component(s)(4) Inspect and/or check a smoke and/or toxic gas detection system(5) Locate and explain inspection procedures for carbon monoxide detectors(6) Locate and explain the procedures for checking a smoke detection system(7) Locate and explain the procedures for inspecting a thermal switch fire detection system(8) Inspect a thermocouple fire warning system(9) Inspect fire protection system cylinders(10)Inspect fire detection/protection system(11)Check fire detection/protection system(12)Inspect fire extinguishing agent bottle discharge cartridge(13)Check fire extinguishing agent bottle discharge circuit(14)Inspect fire-extinguisher bottle or cylinder for hydrostatic test date

(J) Rotorcraft Fundamentals



(1) Rotorcraft aerodynamics(2) Flight controls(3) Transmissions(4) Rig rotary wing aircraft(5) Design and operation of rotor systems(6) Flutter and flight control balance(7) Rotor blade tracking(8) Types of rotorcraft rotor systems(9) Rotor vibrations(10) Rotor blade tracking



(1) Locate causes of vertical vibration in a two-blade helicopter rotor system(2) Research and explain helicopter rotor blade tracking procedures

Section IV: Powerplant Theory and Maintenance

(A) Reciprocating Engines


(1) Types of reciprocating engines(2) Engine operating principles/theory of operation(3) Diesel engine operating principles/theory of operation(4) Horizontally opposed engine construction and internal components(5) Radial engine construction and internal component differences(6) Storage and preservation(7) A troubleshooting plan for a reciprocating engine with reported low oil pressure


(1) Safety considerations when performing maintenance which requires moving the propeller on a reciprocating engine with magnetos installed


(1) Inspect and install cylinder assembly(2) Ground operate and troubleshoot reciprocating engine(3) Install piston and/or knuckle pin(s)(4) Identify the parts of a cylinder(5) Identify the parts of a crankshaft(6) Identify and inspect various types of bearings(7) Check and/or rig cable and push-pull engine controls(8) Inspect engine mounts(9) Demonstrate engine starting procedures(10)Locate top dead-center position of a piston(11)Check cylinder compression with differential compression tester(12)What considerations need to be taken when performing an engine run

(B) Turbine Engines



(1) Engine operating principles/ theory of operation(2) Types of turbine engines and their differences(3) Engine terms and definitions(4) Checks necessary to verify proper operation(5) Turbine engine troubleshooting procedures(6) Locate and explain the procedures required after the installation of a turbine engine(7) Causes for turbine engine performance loss(8) Turbine engine components including inlet ducts, centrifugal compressors, axial-flow

compressors, turbofans, blade design and attachment, diffuser section, combustion section, turbine section, exhaust

(9) Bearings and seals(10)Accessory drives(11)Bleed air systems(12)Difference and uses between turboprop, turbofan, and turboshaft engines(13)Storage and preservation(14)Auxiliary power unit(s)


(1) What safety concerns should be considered when operating a turbine engine(2) What precautions should be taken when performing maintenance on a turbine engine

ignition system


(1) Ground operate and troubleshoot turbine engine(2) Identify characteristics of different turbine compressors(3) Identify types of turbine blades(4) Identify major components of turbine engines(5) Identify airflow direction and pressure changes in turbojet engines(6) Remove and install a fuel nozzle in a turbine engine(7) Inspect combustion liners(8) Locate and describe the procedures for the adjustment of a fuel control unit(9) Perform turbine engine inlet guide vane and compressor blade inspection(10)Locate and describe the installation or removal procedures of a turbine engine(11)Locate and explain the procedures for trimming a turbine engine(12)Identify damaged turbine blades(13)Identify causes for engine performance loss(14)Identify damaged inlet nozzle guide vanes(15)Inspect the first two stages of a turbine fan or compressor for foreign object damage

(C) Engine Inspection


(1) Inspection and maintenance record requirements and entries(2) The identification of life limited parts and their replacement interval(3) Special Inspections required after a potentially damaging event, including but not

limited to any of the following: over speed, sudden stoppage, or over temperature(4) Conformity inspections in accordance with FAA approved data, such as, type certificate

data sheet (TCDS) and supplemental type certificates (STCs)(5) Inspect aircraft engine for service bulletin compliance


(6) Inspect aircraft turbine engine for records time left on any life limited parts(7) Perform an over temperature inspection(8) Perform an engine over torque inspection(9) Perform an aircraft engine over speed inspection(10)Determine conformity of installed spark plugs or igniters



(1) Perform a compression check(2) Accomplish a powerplant conformity check(3) Perform a powerplant inspection to include a records check(4) Inspect an engine for compliance with applicable ADs(5) Identify an engine by type without reference material other than the data plate(6) Determine engine conformity with engine specifications or type certificate data sheet(7) Construct a checklist for a 100-hour inspection on an engine(8) Perform a portion of the 100-hour inspection on an engine(9) Check engine controls for proper operation and proper adjustment(10)Identify what type and where fluids may leak(11)Inspect aircraft engine accessories for conformity(12)Inspect aircraft engine for service bulletin compliance(13)Inspect aircraft turbine engine records for time left on any life limited parts(14)Identify the steps for an over temperature inspection(15)Identify the steps for an engine over torque inspection(16)Identify the steps for an aircraft engine over speed inspection(17)Determine conformity of installed spark plugs or igniters

Section V: Powerplant Systems and Components

(A) Engine Instruments


(1) Fuel flow(2) Temperature(3) Tachometers(4) Manifold pressure(5) Pressure measuring(6) Position indicating(7) Torque meters(8) Engine pressure ratio(9) Engine indicating and crew alerting(10)Full authority digital engine controls(11)Electronic centralized aircraft monitoring(12)Engine instrument range markings


(1) Considerations to avoid damage to the instrument or indicating system


(1) Inspect, check and troubleshoot an engine instrument system


(2) Troubleshoot a fuel flow and/or low fuel pressure indicating system(3) Remove, inspect, and/or install a fuel-flow transmitter(4) Remove, inspect, and/or install fuel flow gauge(5) Identify various components installed on an engine(6) Check fuel flow transmitter power supply(7) Inspect tachometer markings for accuracy(8) Perform resistance measurements of thermocouple indication system(9) Remove, inspect, and/or install turbine engine exhaust gas temperature (EGT) harness(10)Troubleshoot a turbine engine pressure ratio (EPR) system(11)Troubleshoot a tachometer system(12)Replace a cylinder head temperature thermocouple(13)Inspect EGT probes(14)Locate and inspect engine low fuel pressure warning system components(15)Check aircraft engine manifold pressure gauge for proper operation(16)Inspect a leaking manifold pressure system(17)Repair a low oil pressure warning system(18)Troubleshoot an EGT indicating system

(B) Engine Fire Detection and Protection


(1) Types of fires and engine fire zones(2) Fire detection warning system operation(3) Fire detection system maintenance and inspection requirements(4) Fire extinguishing agents, types of systems, and operation(5) Fire extinguishing system maintenance and inspection


(1) The applicant should be able to demonstrate an understanding of the safety considerations when working with container blow-out cartridges

(2) Hazards associated with extinguishing agents


(1) Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot and repair an engine fire detection and extinguishing system

(2) Identify fire detection sensing units(3) Inspect fire detection continuous loop system(4) Inspect fire detection thermal switch or thermocouple system(5) Locate and explain troubleshooting process for a fire detection system(6) Inspect and explain the purpose of engine fire extinguisher system blowout plugs(7) Inspect a turbine engine fire extinguisher agent container pressure(8) Check fire extinguisher discharge circuit(9) Troubleshoot a fire protection system(10)Inspect a fire extinguisher container discharge cartridge(11)Inspect fire extinguisher system for hydrostatic test requirements(12)Check flame detectors for operation(13) Explain how to check operation of master caution press-to-test and troubleshoot faults(14)Identify continuous-loop fire detection system components


(C) Engine Electrical


(1) Generators(2) Alternators(3) Starter generators(4) Voltage regulators(5) DC generation systems(6) AC generation systems(7) Engine wiring and differences from airframe wiring(8) Parallel a dual-generator electrical system(9) Over-voltage protection(10)Annunciator Indicating systems and the meaning of warning, caution, and advisory lights


(1) Hazards of improper polarity when performing electrical system maintenance(2) Hazards of working with a pressurized fluid system(3) The consequences of not taking appropriate actions in response to a warning or caution

annunciator light


(1) Inspect, check, and service engine electrical wiring, switches, and protective devices(2) Use publications to determine replacement part numbers(3) Replace an engine-driven generator or alternator(4) Service an engine-driven DC generator in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions(5) Inspect an engine-driven generator or alternator(6) Troubleshoot a voltage regulator in an aircraft electrical generating system(7) Repair an engine direct-drive electric starter(8) Troubleshoot a direct-drive electric starter system(9) Inspect an electrical system cable(10)Determine wire size for engine electrical system(11)Repair a broken engine electrical system wire(12)Replace a wire bundle lacing(13)Explain an electrical system related to a powerplant using a schematic or wiring diagram(14)Fabricate a bonding jumper(15)Inspect a turbine engine starter generator(16)Fabricate solderless terminals(17)Inspect engine electrical connectors

(D) Lubrication


(1) Functions and characteristics of engine oils(2) Types and grades of engine oil(3) Lubrication system operation and components(4) Wet-sump system(5) Dry-sump system(6) Chip detectors




(1) Inspect and service a lubrication system(2) Determine the correct type of oil for a specific engine(3) Identify turbine engine oil filter bypass indicator(4) Determine approved oils for different climatic temperatures(5) Describe procedures for obtaining oil samples(6) Inspect an oil filter or screen(7) Check engine oil pressure(8) Perform oil pressure adjustment(9) Identify oil system components(10)Replace an oil system component(11)Identify oil system flow(12)Troubleshoot an engine oil pressure malfunction(13)Troubleshoot an engine oil temperature system(14)Determine the process to investigate the cause of metal found in an oil filter

(E) Ignition and Starting


(1) Ignition system theory(2) Spark plug theory(3) Shower of sparks and impulse coupling(4) Three electrical circuits of a magneto system(5) Solid state ignition systems(6) Full authority digital engine controls(7) Engine starters with Bendix or right-angle drive(8) Magneto system components and operation(9) Starters(10)Turbine engine igniter systems(11)High tension magneto systems(12)Low tension magneto systems


(1) Hazards associated with advanced and retarded ignition timing (piston engine)(2) Advanced timing is much more dangerous than retarded timing(3) Precautions for performing maintenance on a turbine engine ignition system


(1) Repair and time magneto internally(2) Time magneto to engine(3) Remove, clean and install spark plug(4) Perform an ignition system operational check and inspection(5) Inspect, troubleshoot and repair an ignition system(6) Inspect, check and troubleshoot an electrical starting system(7) Disassemble, identify components, and reassemble a magneto(8) Inspect magneto breaker points(9) Set internal timing of a magneto


(10)Inspect an ignition harness(11)Check serviceability of condensers(12)Check ignition coils(13)Check ignition leads(14)Troubleshoot ignition switch circuit(15)Inspect and check gap of spark plugs(16)Identify the correct spark plugs used for replacement installation(17)Install and/or time a magneto on an engine(18)Troubleshoot a turbine or reciprocating engine ignition system(19)Identify the correct ignitor plug and replace turbine engine igniter plugs(20)Troubleshoot turbine engine igniters(21)Inspect turbine engine ignition system(22)Inspect igniters

(F) Fuel Metering Systems


(1) Engine mixture requirements(2) Float carburetor theory, components, operation and adjustments(3) Pressure carburetor adjustments(4) Continuous flow fuel injection theory, components, operation, troubleshooting and

adjustment(5) Full authority digital engine controls(6) Hydromechanical system design and components(7) Fuel nozzles and manifolds(8) Fuel nozzle design and operation(9) Components of a turbine engine fuel system



(1) Inspect, troubleshoot, and repair a fuel metering system(2) Remove, inspect, and install a turbine engine fuel nozzle(3) Identify carburetor components(4) Interpret diagram showing fuel and air flow through float-type and/or pressure type

carburetor(5) Remove and/or install a main metering jet in a carburetor(6) Service a carburetor fuel inlet screen(7) Identify carburetor air-bleed system(8) Identify the main discharge nozzle in a pressure carburetor(9) Check the float level on a float-type carburetor(10)Inspect float needle and/or seat in a float-type carburetor(11)Identify, remove, and/or install a float-type carburetor(12)Adjust idle speed and/or mixture(13)Describe the conditions that may result in turbine engine RPM overspeed(14)Describe the conditions that may result in pressure carburetor engine with slow

acceleration(15)Describe the conditions that may result in malfunctions in a pressure-injection

carburetor fuel regulator unit


(16)Set or position fuel metering cockpit controls for engine start

(G) Engine Fuel Systems


(1) Inspection requirements for an engine fuel system(2) Checks of fuel systems to verify proper operation(3) troubleshooting an engine fuel system(4) Procedure for inspection of an engine driven fuel pump for leaks and security(5) Function and/or operation of one or more types of fuel pumps(6) Function and/or operation of one or more types of fuel valves(7) Function and/or operation of engine fuel filters


(1) Safety considerations during fuel system maintenance


(1) Identify components of an engine fuel system(2) Remove and/or install an engine-driven fuel pump(3) Check a remotely operated fuel valve(4) Rig a remotely operated fuel valve(5) Inspect a main fuel filter assembly for leaks(6) Check fuel boost pumps for correct pressure(7) Inspect fuel boost pump(8) Locate and identify a turbine engine fuel heater(9) Check fuel pressure warning light function(10)Adjust fuel pump fuel pressure(11)Inspect engine fuel system fluid lines and/or components(12)Troubleshoot abnormal fuel pressure(13)Troubleshoot a turbine engine fuel heater system(14)Remove, clean, and/or replace an engine fuel strainer(15)Troubleshoot engine fuel pressure fluctuation(16)Inspect fuel selector valve(17)Determine correct fuel nozzle spray pattern(18)Locate and identify fuel selector placards

(H) Induction and Engine Airflow


(1) Induction system design(2) Induction system icing(3) Superchargers(4) Turbochargers and controls(5) Engine anti-ice system(6) Compressor bleed(7) Compressor/turbine case cooling


(1) Hazards of performing maintenance on hot system components



(1) Inspect a carburetor preheat system(2) Check a carburetor heater box shutter for full travel(3) Check carburetor heat(4) Identify probable location of induction ice(5) Identify turbine engine air intake ice protected areas(6) Service an induction air filter(7) Inspect a turbocharger for exhaust leaks and security(8) Check a turbocharger for operation(9) Inspect an induction system for obstruction(10)Inspect an air intake manifold for leaks(11)Troubleshoot reciprocating engine that idles poorly(12)Troubleshoot reciprocating engine that fails to start(13)Identify components of a turbocharger induction system(14)Troubleshoot a carburetor heat system(15)Troubleshoot turbine engine air inlet ice protection system(16)Identify turboprop engine ice and rain protection system components(17)Inspect a turbocharger(18)Inspect a carburetor air inlet duct attachment

(I) Engine Cooling Systems


(1) Design and components(2) Inspection and maintenance requirements(3) Required inspection on an engine cooling system(4) Operation of cowl flaps, and how cooling is accomplished(5) How turbine engine cooling is accomplished(6) Cooling of engine bearings and other parts on turbine engines(7) The importance of proper engine baffle and seal installation(8) The operation of a heat exchanger(9) The function and operation of an augmenter cooling system(10)Rotorcraft engine cooling systems




(1) Perform an induction and cooling system inspection(2) Repair cylinder baffle(3) Inspect cylinder head baffle plates(4) Check cowl flap travel(5) Inspect cylinder cooling fins(6) Identify location of turbine engine insulation blankets(7) Identify turbine engine cooling air flow(8) Troubleshoot a cowl flap system(9) Troubleshoot an engine cooling system(10)Identify exhaust augmenter cooled engine components


(11)Identify rotorcraft engine cooling components(12)Troubleshoot rotorcraft engine cooling system(13)Inspect rotorcraft engine cooling system(14)Inspect engine exhaust augmenter cooling system

(J) Engine Exhaust and Reverser Systems


(1) Exhaust system and/or nozzle design(2) Cabin and carburetor heat(3) Mufflers(4) Noise suppressors(5) Design and operation of thrust reversers




(1) Perform an exhaust system inspection(2) Identify the type of exhaust system on a particular aircraft(3) Inspect exhaust system components(4) Explain how to repair exhaust system components(5) Inspect reciprocating engine exhaust system(6) Inspect exhaust system internal baffles or diffusers(7) Remove and install exhaust ducts(8) Inspect exhaust heat exchanger(9) Perform a heat exchanger collector tube leak test(10)Inspect a turbine engine exhaust nozzle(11)Explain how to check turbine thrust reverser system(12)Explain how to troubleshoot a thrust reverser system(13)Troubleshoot exhaust muffler heat exchanger(14)Repair exhaust system leak(15)Locate and explain procedures for performing exhaust system leak checks

(K) Propellers


(1) Propeller theory of operation including forces and aerodynamic factors(2) Types of propellers and blade design(3) Pitch control(4) Operation, synchronizing and ice protection(5) Reciprocating engine constant speed propellers and governors(6) Turbine engine propellers and governors(7) Operation of turbine engine propellers(8) Checks necessary to verify proper operation of propeller systems(9) Procedures for proper application of propeller lubricants(10)Installation or removal of a propeller(11)Measurement of blade angle with a propeller protractor(12)Identify repairs classified as major repairs on an aluminum propeller


(13)Reference data for reducing the diameter of a type certificated propeller(14)Operation of propeller system component(s)(15)Propeller governor components and operation(16)Theory and operation of various types of constant speed propellers(17)Function and operation of propeller synchronizing systems(18)Function and operation of propeller ice control systems


(1) Hazards associated with working around an operational propeller


(1) Remove and/or install an aircraft engine propeller(2) Check blade tracking(3) Inspect an aircraft propeller for airworthiness(4) Measure blade angle with a propeller protractor(5) Repair an aluminum alloy propeller blade(6) Perform propeller lubrication(7) Locate and explain the procedures for balancing a fixed-pitch propeller(8) Remove, inspect, and/or install a propeller governor(9) Check track of a propeller(10)Adjust a propeller governor(11)Determine propeller blade pitch angle(12)Determine propeller critical range of operation(13)Describe the operation of a propeller(14)Inspect a wooden propeller metal tipping(15)Check propeller blade feather angle(16)Repair metal propeller leading edges, trailing edges or tips that have nicks, scratches,

and cuts and determine what minor propeller alterations are acceptable using the appropriate type certificate data sheet

(17)Clean an aluminum alloy propeller(18)Explain how to inspect a turboprop propeller system(19)Perform a 100-hour inspection on a propeller(20)Explain how to troubleshoot a turboprop propeller system(21)Repair anti-icing or de-icing system on a propeller

· Web viewDifference between approved data and acceptable data, and when each is required FAA...

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