Web viewChapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline . The Skeleton – consists of _____ Bone...
Transcript of Web viewChapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline . The Skeleton – consists of _____ Bone...
Chapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline The Skeleton – consists of ______________________________________________________
1. Bone Functionsa. 1. To store _______________________________b. 2. To ________________________________________ such as the brain and spinal cordc. 3. To serve as levers __________________________________________d. 4. To serve as a firm _________________________________________________e. 5. To produce ______________________________________________
2. Bone Structurea. ____________________ in bodyb. 2 basic groups
i. _________________________________ (head and trunkii. ________________________________ (extremities)
c. Four basic bone shapesi. ____________________________________ii. _____________________________________
iii. _____________________________________iv. _____________________________________
d. The Long bone structure
i. Diaphysis – ____________ covered with outer membrane layer (____________________); center _________________________________, lined by inner membrane (____________________) and filled with ____________________
ii. Epiphyses – ends (proximal and distal) composed of _______________________________________
e. Tissue – two typesi. Compact bone
1. Makes up the __________________________________________2. cells are in rings of _____________________________________ 3. Each set of rings is called _______________________________
ii. Spongy (_________________________) bone1. Found _________________________________________2. Made of ______________________________________3. Contains ______________________________________
3. Bone Growth and Repaira. All bone starts as ___________________________________________________b. Ossification - the process ____________________________________________,
starts during _____________________ of embryonic development. c. How ossification/bone growth works:
1. _________________ (bone building cells) ____________________________, material between the cells made of collagen (____________________________________).
2. ____________________ gets deposited in the matrix, _________________________. _________________ and ______________________ enable absorption of calcium.
3. Osteocytes (________________________) maintain and __________________ existing bone matrix throughout life.
d. Resorption –________________________________________________; when bone needs repair, osteoclasts ____________________ bone tissue, and osteoblasts __________________.
e. Process of bone Formation of Long Bone1. Cartilage begins to turn into bone _________________________ 2. . ________________________________________ develop across
bone ends 3. . Bones continue to ________________ at ____________________4. . Bones _______________________________-- in early 20’s 5. . Bone resorption and formation _________________________. It
slows with age.
See page 134 to fill in the diagram here:
4. . Bone Markings• A. Projections – ____________________________________________________
• Head – ______________________________________________________• Process- _____________________________________________________• Crest – ____________________________________________________• Spine – _____________________________________________________
• B. Depressions or holes – ________________________________________________• Foramen – ______________________________________________________• Sinus – _________________________________________________________• Fossa – ______________________________________________________• Meatus – ___________________________________________________
5. Bones of the Axial Skeleton – (see diagrams for details)a. ________________________________________b. __________________________________________c. _________________________________________
6. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton a. Appendicular skeleton—__________________________________________________
i. 2 girdles:1. Shoulder girdle : ____________________________________________________2. Pelvic girdle : ______________________________________________________
7. Disorders of Bone a. Metabolic diseases - ________________________________b. Structural problems – _________________________________________________________
c. cleft palate -____________________________________________________________d. flat feet - ______________________________________________________________e. fractures - ______________________________________________________________
f. F. Skeletal Changes in the AgingBones undergo significant changes:
i. 1. Loss of calcium salts ______________________________________________ ii. 2. Decrease in _____________________________________________________
iii. 3. Reduction in ____________________________________________________iv. 4. Loss of height _________________________________________________v. 5. Decrease in chest diameter as ______________________________________
Part 2 – The Joints – 3 Basic TypesA. Classified by ________________________ and by _______________________________
• 1. _____________________________________• 2. _____________________________________• 3. _______________________________________
B. Types of Synovial Joints – classified by __________________________________________
Gliding – Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball-and-socket