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DO NOT LEAVE CLASS WITHOUT YOUR DAILY TRACKER CHECKED! Date: _________________

Aim:

Objective:

Real world connection:

Vocabulary: Fascia, myosin, actin, sarcomere, sarcoplasm, myofibrils, filaments

Activity: THINK INK…PAIR SHARE

THINK INK: List as many movements your muscles allow you to make as you can.

PAIR SHARE:

“There are moments when the human body can overcome things you would never expect.”

8.2


8.2 Class Notes

Introduction to the Muscular System

Muscles

There are three types of muscles:1. _________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________

Functions of the Muscular System

1. 3. 4.

2. 5.



8.2 Class Notes

Fun Facts The body has __________________ muscles. Muscle is from the Latin word “_______” meaning “________________________” The prefixes associated with muscle =______, ______= Muscle and _____________ =

Flesh.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE TISSUES

SKELETAL SMOOTH CARDIAC

Attached to skeleton Walls of Hollow Organs (__________

_______________)

One nucleus One nucleus

Largest muscle fiber (___________)

Striated Striated & Smooth

Involuntary

Structure of Muscle



8.2 Class WorkUse your book, page 178, to complete the diagram.

List the functions of the given parts


FASCIA

MYOFIBRILS

MYOSIN

ACTIN

SARCOMERE


Real World Connection

THE HOLE STORYYou’re sitting in a body-piercing studio, extremely psyched; you’ve finally gotten your parents’ permission to get your tongue pierced. When it’s your turn, you grip the chair, squeeze your eyes shut, and stick out your tongue. Suddenly you feel a sharp pain in your mouth. The piercer is puncturing your tongue with a four-centimeter-long needle! Soon, she replaces the needle with a “tongue ring,” a metal rod with small balls at each end. You’re pierced!

But you’re not done yet. In the next few weeks you’ll need to adjust to the discomfort of having a metal rod in your mouth. You’ll relearn how to speak so others understand you, and take care not to chip or break a tooth on the tongue-ring. And if you don’t wash your mouth out regularly, small organisms call bacteria will infect your tongue, cause swelling and more pain. Is piercing worth the hassle?

For many, the answer is yes. Today, teens are getting their bodies tattooed and pierced more than ever – and in every place imaginable! In fact, body piercing is becoming new art for many young Americans. But like any scarification (wounding) of the body, piercing poses risks. While most piercing is safe when done in a sterile

environment, you must be very careful when deciding if, where, and how to get pierced. To learn more, check out these piercing facts.


SHORT TAKE

Unless dentures are this guy’s idea of cool, he’d better lose the tongue barbell, say dental researchers at Loma Linda and Ohio State Universities. When they examined the mouths of 52 young adults with pierced tongues, the plum muscles looked healthy enough. But gums, or firm pink flesh around the base of the teeth, were damaged in nearly half of those who’d worn barbell tongue posts for four or more years. “You see a melting away of the gums,” says periodontist (gum doctor) Dr. Kenneth Bueltmann. The barbell rubs against the gums, making them recede, he explains. The rubbing force (friction) can eventually weaken the bone that holds your teeth in place, making tooth lose more likely in adulthood. “With tongue piercing, as with smoking, you’re going to pay a price in time,” Bueltmann says. “Every kid wants to be cool, but I suggest they find a different way.”


Q What is body piercing?

A: Body piercing is the act of punching a hole in your body, usually in your skin or cartilage, the tough material that gives you nose, ears and other body parts their shape. To keep the hole in place, you fill it with a stud or earring.

Q How much does body piercing hurt?A: The initial piercing hurts about as much as getting an injection. But pain can linger in the area around the hole

for days or weeks after the procedure. That’s because the wound becomes inflamed; blood flow increases to help it heal, causing the skin to become swollen and sore.

Q Do you bleed when you get pierced?A: A little bleeding is normal, but the amount of blood you lose is usually small enough to wipe away with a

tissue. However, if you consume aspirin or alcohol before the piercing, bleeding can be heaviersince these substances thin the blood, causing it to flow at a faster rate.

Q Will the hole ever close up?A: All normal-sized body piercings eventually close up if left unfilled by jewelry-

except for those in the ear lobe. When healed, tissue on the inside of a hole in the earlobe leaves scar tissue. You can usually just stick an earring through the hole and yourear lobe will reopen.

Q When does a new piercing heal?A: How quickly a piercing heals depends on where it’s located and whether or not

it gets infected. In general, ear and face piercing take about six weeks to heal. Tongues heal in about eight weeks. Belly-button or navel piercings usually take the longest – often up to nine months! This is because clothing rubs against the piercing, which irritates the skin. Cartilage piercings also heal particularly slowly because cartilage can’t heal itself. Cartilage doesn’t have its own circulation. Instead, it must wait for surrounding tissue to provide the blood it needs to heal.

Q Can I get sick from being pierced?A: Diseases – including potential fatal ones – can be transmitted from one

person to another if piercers use unclean equipment. That’s because the piercing apparatus comes in contact with blood. And blood can carry diseases like HIV and Hepatitis. If piercing equipment contains traces of infected blood, you could get sick. To avoid this, you must make sure to choose a piercer who uses sterilized equipment or “one-use” needles. And never allow anyone to pierce you with a “piercing gun”. This equipment can’t be sterilized.

Q How old do I have to be to get pierced?


Body piercing is a common practice in cultures around the world. It is often performed as a ritual, or for spiritual reasons. This man from Thailand pierced his cheeks for a public celebration. His piercing is supposed to bring good luck and prosperity.


A: Each state has a law regulating how old you must be to get pierced in a piercing studio. In general, teens between 15 and 18 years of age can get pierced with a parent or guardian’s permission. The main reason for such regulation is that you must be responsible enough to take proper care of your piercing. Of course, there are always people willing to pierce anyone to make a quick buck. But chances are, they use unclean piercing methods. Better towait and be safe.

Q Is piercing dangerous in other ways?A: If done improperly, certain piercings can harm nerves, causing injury that can last for days – even for life. If

your tongue is pierced in the wrong place, you could experience numbness or even loss of taste, warned Dr. John Ward of Shreveport, LA. Facial nerves can also be pinched if an eyebrow ring sits too close to the bridge of your nose, causing partial facial paralysis. However, such cases are rare. Piercing often damages your body’s first line of defense against infection: your skin.

Q Can wearing the wrong jewelry be dangerous?A: Yes! In unhealed piercings some jewelry can cause allergic reactions or overreactions of the immune system

to foreign substances. Long-term swelling, itching, and burning are symptoms of an allergic reaction. To avoid such a reaction, use only jewelry made of platinum, niobium, titanium, 316L-grade stainless steel, or 24/18 carat gold. Steer clear of nickel jewelry, it’s the most likely to cause an allergic reaction.

Q How do I find a safe piercer?A: First, check out the APP’s web site, which lists dozens of safe piercing studios (www.safepiercing.com). Make

sure the studio you choose has an autoclave, a device that sterilizes piercing materials. Also, check that the studio has an up-to-date piercing license. And make sure the piercer provides appropriate after-care. Mostly, use your instincts. Think of body piercing as a medical procedure. If a studio doesn’t look as clean as a doctor’s office, it’s probably not a good place to get pierced!

DEBATE / OPIONION (Answer yes, no, or maybe and give your explanation / reasoning for your opinion)

SHOULD IT BE LEGAL TO GET YOUR BODY PIERCED BEFORE YOU’RE 18 YEARS OLD?

Answer:

Explanation/Reasoning

Classwork



Follow-Up QuestionsNote: Please cite evidence by providing a quote from the article or referencing the page number and paragraph.

1. What are some of the “delights” you might first expect in the first few weeks after you have your tongue pierced?

2. What is “scarification”?

3. What substances may cause you to bleed more during the procedure?

4. Why does cartilage take a long time to heal?

5. Should the tongue be pierced in any particular place? Why or why not?

6. What is an autoclave and why is one useful?

7. According to the “Short Take”, what is a major drawback to having a tongue pierced?

8. What are some of the symptoms of an allergic reaction to metals?

Aim:


8.3


Objective:

Real World Connection:

Vocabulary: motor neuron, synapse, neurotransmitter, motor end plate, neuromuscular junction, motor unit, acetylcholine.

8.3 MYONEURAL JUNCTION

8.3 LAB ACTIVITY


Neurons that control skeletal muscle are called ______________ _______________.

These motor neurons meet the muscle cells at a point called the _______________. There is NO physical contact – much like talking on the phone.

The muscle cell area is called the _________ _____ ______________

When one motor neuron branches and connects to many muscle cells (fibers) it is called a ____________ _ _______________.

A _______________________________, in the case of muscles it is acetylcholine, is released at the synapse and stimulates an impulse causing the muscle to contract.

This SITE is call the _____________________

_________________.


INTRODUCTION: Most of our muscles (skeletal) contract when we “tell” them to. This is called an IMPULSE, and it travels from our brain to our muscles through NERVES. The place where the nerve meets the muscle is called the MYONEURAL (or neuromuscular) JUNCTION.

SNAPS

Purpose: To determine how fast our muscles can react to an impulse. Hypothesis: I think that ____________ (gender m/f) will have a faster signal transmission.Procedure:

1. Practice snapping your fingers – make sure there is a CLEAR snap sound.2. Have your partner set the time for 15 seconds.3. See how many CLEAR snaps you can make in 15 seconds. (Do 3 trials and average them) *Make sure you rest for one minute between trials!!!**4. Record your information on your data table.5. Complete the procedure with the other partner.6. Gather information from 3 other groups / partnerships.

Data: Partner 1 __________ Partner 2 ___________

Trial # #Snaps Trial # # Snaps

1 1

2 2

3 3

AVGS

Analysis:

1. Which gender, from your trials, has the fastest impulse? _______________ From the combined groups? _____________________

2. WHY is it important to rest one minute between trials? ______________________________________

3. What factors could affect the results of this experiment? (List three)a.b.c.

4. How could you improve this experiment?

8.3 CLASS NOTES


Other Groups Info Males Females

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3


Aim:

Objective:

Vocabulary: sliding filament model, actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, ATPase, acetylcholinesterase, creatine phosphate,


8.3

SLIDING FILAMENT MODEL OF MUSCLE CONTRATION


Aim:

Objective:

Real World Connection:

Vocabulary: origin, insertion, prime mover, agonist, synergists, antagonists, fixators, flexion, extension.

8.7 CLASS NOTES

MUSCLE TEAMWORKMuscles usually work in pairs or groups to move our bones. This occurs at ____________________________ (hips, elbow, shoulder, knee, etc…).

When a muscle contracts, usually just ________ bone moves. The other is ________________.

The ________________ is where the muscle joins the stationary bone.

The ____________________ is where it joins the moving bone.

When a muscle contracts, the insertion moves _______________________ the origin.

TERMS

Agonist (____________________): the muscle or group of muscles producing a desired effect

Antagonist: the muscle or group of muscles _____________________the action

Synergist: the muscles surrounding the joint being moved

Origin: _____________________ end of the muscle

Insertion: __________________________ end of the muscle

Fixators: the muscle or group of muscles that steady joints. Sometimes called ________________.

Flexion: _____________________ of a muscle.

Extension: _________________________ of a muscle.


8.7


MUSCLE ACTION DIAGRAM

8.7 CLASS WORK



MINI QUIZ

Answer the following multiple-choice questions:

1. Muscle tissue that is involuntary:a. Smooth muscle onlyb. Skeletal muscle onlyc. Cardiac muscle and skeletal muscled. Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

2. Which of the following grouping is incorrect?a. Striated, attached to the skeleton, involuntaryb. Cardiac, rhythmic contractions, uninucleatedc. Smooth, single nucleus, walls of hollow organsd. Skeletal, voluntary, multinucleated

3. Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system?a. Maintaining postureb. Hematopoiesisc. Generating heatd. Producing movement

4. In flexing the forearm at the elbow, the:a. Deltoid acts as a synergistb. Triceps brachii acts a s a synergistc. Triceps brachii acts as an antagonistd. Biceps brachii acts as an antagonist

5. Acetylcholine is:a. An oxygen binding proteinb. An ion pumpc. A neurotransmitterd. A source of energy for muscle contraction

6. These muscles stabilize the joint where the movement is occurring.a. fixatorsb. synergistsc. agonistsd. antagonists


DO NOT LEAVE CLASS WITHOUT YOUR DAILY TRACKER CHECKED! Date: _______________

“When you breathe, you inspire. When you do not breathe, you expire.”

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