Vietnamese Culture & Tradition...Religion • Religion has a deep influence on the Vietnamese...
Transcript of Vietnamese Culture & Tradition...Religion • Religion has a deep influence on the Vietnamese...
Vietnamese Culture & Tradition
Camhuong Le
Elders Program
Vietnamese Social Services
Vietnamese Population in Minnesota
• The number of Vietnamese refugees and immigrants as of 2007 is 23,000
• The proportion of Vietnamese 60 years of age and older is 13%
Religion• Religion has a deep influence on the
Vietnamese culture and concept of life
• Buddhism is the dominant religion in Vietnam. It arrived in Vietnam around the eleventh
century
• Christianity (17th
century)
• Taoism (600‐500 B.C)
• Confucianism (first century)
• Caodaism (1919)
• Hoa Hao (1939)
Family Values• Affected by Confucian philosophical beliefs• Value elder’s life experiences• Three or four generations live under one roof• Traditional ideal of male superiority• The eldest son is the head of household• The man makes the final decision for all matters• Worship ancestors as a source of life, fortunes,
and civilization• Honors ancestor on the day of their death by
performing special ceremonies
Worship of Ancestors• Ancestor worship affects daily life in Vietnam• A belief that the ancestors will protect from
danger and harm and inspire thought and conduct. The souls live on in their memory, in
their interests, in their dream of life.
• Belief that the spirit still exists after life.• To treat the dead as nonexistent and gone is
disrespectful.
Changing Family Dynamics in America
• Women are more independent in America
• Children don’t take care of their parents as they traditionally did
• Many elders prefer to live in an apartment than with their children
• Elders get help from outside the family more often than inside the families
Reputation
• The concept of saving face is extremely important to the Vietnamese
• Reflects dignity and the prestige of a person or family
• The only thing that can be left behind for one’s family after death
Name
• Names are written in the following order: family name, middle name and given name. Ex: Le Thi
Thanh Hong; Le Thi Thanh Ha
• The family name is placed first to emphasize a person’s heritage
• The middle name Thi indicates that the person is female; the middle name Van indicates that the person is male.
Concept of Respect• Respect is a part of the concept of filial piety• Respect for parents and ancestors• Respect is the cornerstone of interpersonal
relationships in society
• Respect is also expressed by verbal and nonverbal behavior: being quiet, listening, smiling
• A smile may have different meanings: Greeting, apology, appreciation
• Bow head to show respect to a superior or older person
Social Relationships
• To avoid conflict in relationships, prefer to speak about sensitive subjects indirectly
• Greet each other by shaking hands and bowing slightly; women do not commonly
shake hands when greeting, however.
• Always use the word ”yes”
when answering questions ”Yes, I will do it”; “Yes, I don’t do it”; “Yes, I know”; “Yes, I do not know”
Social Relationships (cont)
• Hugging is only for relatives• Do not touch someone’s head
• Use both hands to pass items to elders
• Do not point a finger at someone
• Do not pass anything over someone’s head
• On an outing, the bill is paid by the person offering the invitation
• It is fine to ask even a stranger his or her age
Vietnamese Greetings
• Formally, the title and the first name or the title and middle
and first name; ex: Le thi Thanh Ha, called chi Ha or chi
Thanh Ha • For more important occasions, use Family name, middle
name and given name• Use the word ”Thua”
which stands for “Please”
• Addressing a person older or higher ranking than you by
name is considered disrespectful; even within the family or
in relative relationships always put the title with the first
name• Women do not shake hands with each other or with men;
they bow slightly to each other; join hands while walking• Higher ranking people are greeted first
Food Habits
• Most Vietnamese are lactose intolerant
• Have three meals a day
• Chopsticks and bowls are used for eating• Bowls are brought to the mouth
Food Habits (cont)• Basic meals: rice, salty fish or meat, vegetable
(steamed, stir fried, boiled)
• Fry: less fat or oil than Chinese food• Fish sauce: principle ingredient• Fruits: common are bananas, mangos,
papayas, oranges, coconuts and pineapple
• Drinking tea or coffee with no sugar and no milk
• Garlic is used often
Food for Elders
• Soft; not chewy, not spicy, not greasy• Rice• Vegetable, fish, herb such as basil, mint, cilantro
• Noodle with pork soup• No cold food• Fish sauce• Simmering food in water preferable to frying
• Black pepper rather than chili
Social Concepts
• While conversing, Vietnamese people don’t look steadily at a respected person’s eyes
• Women do not smoke in public• Vietnamese never touch another’s head; only elderly
can touch the head of a young child• Persons of the same sex may hold hands in public, or
may sleep in the same bed without public derision• In the legal concept of equality, men and women have
equal rights, but socially, men are still considered superior to women
Festival and Holiday
• “TET”• Lunar New Year, the most important yearly festival• The first day of the lunar calendar year• Four day national holiday• Dress up in their best clothes• Houses can be decorated• “Banh Chung”
Sticky rice with pork and mung bean
• Greeting “Happy New Year”
“
Chuc Mung Nam Moi”• Show respect to elders by wishing them good health
Festival and Holiday (cont)
• “TET TRUNG THU”• The fifteenth day of the 8th
month or the mid‐
Autumn festival
• Enjoy a cake called “Banh Trung Thu”, square, golden brown cake filled with lotus seeds or
mung bean or black sesame paste, hard boiled eggs, or durian
Funeral Ceremony• Death is the transition into a new life• The body is washed, dressed and placed into a coffin• Some believe the spirit of the dead person will live in
another life so the family member places a coin or a piece of gold into the mouth of the dead body
• The date and time of the funeral procession must be carefully selected
• Some Vietnamese wish to be buried in their motherland, so when they die, their bodies are
cremated and a family member brings the ashes back to Vietnam
• The funeral ceremony must be a religious ritual
Funeral Ceremony (cont)• Wear mourning turbans; a piece of white cloth
around the head during the funeral ceremony
• Set up a household alter to honor the dead person• Visit the tomb after three days
• Stop bringing rice to the household altar after 49 days
• Celebrate the end of tears after 100 days• Ceremony of the end of mourning after 3 years
Customs
• When a child is born, it is considered one year old• When women marry, they don’t change name• The eldest son has a duty to perform ancestor
worship at home• If a parent dies, the children customarily wait
three years before marrying• If a spouse dies, one must wait one year before
remarrying• If a sibling dies, the other siblings must wait one
year before marrying
Elders in America
• Lack of English• Don’t understand much about how social
systems work
• Hard to adapt to new culture• Often estranged from their children due to
conflicting cultural traditions
• Isolation• Depression
Vietnamese Elders Wants
• Socialize with other Vietnamese seniors
• Celebrate traditional festivals, holidays• Have Vietnamese food for their meals
• Visit religious temples at least once per month
• Prearrange their funeral• Funeral ceremony must be a religious ritual
CamHuong Thi Le
Manager, Elders Program
Vietnamese Social Services of Minnesota
1159 University Avenue, Suite #100
St. Paul, Minnesota 55104
651‐644‐1317