VIETNAM CULTURE AND SOCIETY
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Transcript of VIETNAM CULTURE AND SOCIETY
VIETNAM CULTURE AND SOCIETY
Huyen Nguyen
Jan 2012
Vietnam
• Au Lac – “country”
• An Nam
• Nam Viet
• Vietnam – the Viets of the South
• Population: 90,549,390 • Annual population growth rate
(2011): 1.077% • Area: 331,698 km2 • Density: 259/km2 • 2nd in GMS; 3rd in ASEAN; 13th
in the World0-14 years 15-64 years 65 years and over
25.2%
69.3%
5.5%
Median age
total: 27.8 years
male: 26.8 years
female: 28.9 years (2011 est.)
Source: http://www.indexmundi.com/vietnam/demographics_profile.html
• 63 provinces and cities
• 54 ethnic minority groups
• Dominant culture: Kinh
• The largest ethnic minority groups include the Hmong, Dao, Tay, Thai, and Nung
• Red river in the north: 1149km, starts from China, in
Vietnam 510 km
• Mekong river in the south meet the south china sea: 2 rivers and 220-250 km each – Hau Giang & Tien Giang
Socialist Republic of Vietnam Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam Motto: Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
"Independence – Freedom – Happiness"
Party flag National flag Emblem
• Capital: Hanoi
• Largest city: Ho Chi Minh City
• Official language: Vietnamese
• Official script: Vietnamese Alphabet• Independence: September 2, 1945.
• New constitution: April 15, 1992
• Government structure: – Single-party constitutional republic (Communi
st Party).
• Communist government with a capitalist economy
Political system
The Communist Party of Vietnam
Mass Organisations
National Assembly
Government
Provincial People’s Council
Provincial People’s Committee
District People’s Council
District People’s Committee
Commune People’s Council
Commune People’s Committee
CPV Province
CPV District
CPV Commune
CPV Village
CPV Hamlet
CPV Province
CPV District
CPV Commune
CPV Village
CPV Hamlet
MO Province
MO District
MO Commune
MO Village
MO Hamlet
•Fatherland Front•Labour Confederation •Women’s Association
•Youth’s Union•Red Cross
•Farmer’s Association•Veterans’ Association
• Currency: VND Dong
• GDP (2010): $102 billion.
• Real growth rate (2010): 6.8%
• Per capita income (2010): $1,168
Source: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4130.htm
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Industry and construction
Services
20.58%
41.09%
38.33%
Source: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4130.htm
*Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries rice, coffee, cashews, maize, pepper, sweet potato, pork,
peanut, cotton, & seafood products
Industry and construction
• mining and quarrying• manufacturing• electricity, gas, water
supply• cement, phosphate• steel
Source: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4130.htm
Services
• Tourism• wholesale and retail• repair of vehicles
and personal goods• hotel and restaurant• transport storage
• telecommunications
Source: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4130.htm
Trade (2010) Principal exports • crude oil• garments/textiles• Footwear• fishery and seafood products• rice, pepper, coffee & rubber• wood products & handicrafts
Exports Import
$ 84 billion
$71.6 billion
Principal imports • machinery• oil and gas• iron and steel• garment materials
• plastics
Major export partners•U.S•EU
•ASEAN•Japan•China
•South Korea.
Major import partners•China
•ASEAN•Japan•Taiwan
•South Korea•EU
Source: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4130.htm
• two World Natural Heritage sites: Halong Bay and Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
• six World biosphere reserves including: Can Gio Mangrove Forest, Cat Tien, Cat Ba, Kien Giang, Red River Delta, Western Nghe An
around 1,553 km2
The Kissing Rocks
• Legend:
Lac Long Quan and Au Co
History
• The early days: earliest human habitation of northern vietnam was about 500,000 years ago
• 1000 years of chinese domination: the chinese conquered the red river delta in the 2nd century BC (impose a centralised state system on the vietnamese). Chinese rule ended in AD 938
• The coming of the europeans: the first portuguese sailors came in 1516
• The French takeover: the France’s military in Vietnam began in 1847
• Independence: 2 September 1945• Franco-Viet Minh war: 1946-1954• End of colonial rule: 7 May 1954• American War: 1960• Reunification: 1975• 1986 Doi Moi (Economic reform), the first step
towards re-engaging with the West, is launched• 2006: Join WTO
Beliefs
Land of many gods• Buddhism• Taoism • Confucianism• Cao Dai• Hoa Hao Buddism• Catholics, Christians and Muslims• Ancestor worship
Cao Daism
• Founded in the early 1920s
• a fusion of various religious beliefs-one of the world’s most unusual religions
• Two million followers
• Headquarter: Tay Ninh, 96km northwest of HCMC
Hoa Hao Buddhism
• Founded in the Mekong Delta in 1939
• A reformed Buddhism
• Based on the common people and embodied in personal faith rather than elaborate rituals
• Approximately 1.5 millions
Ancestor worship
• Before the arrival of Confucianism or Buddism
• Based on the belief that soul lives on after death and becomes the protector of its descendants.
• The vietnamese worship and honour the spirits of their ancestors regularly, especially on the anniversary of their death
Wedding
Funeral
Family relationships
• Three generations
• Extended family
• Strong sense of collective responsibility and mutual obligation
Tet
• Tet Nguyen Dan – Lunar New Year• The most significant date in the Vietnamese
calendar. It’s a time when families reunite; ancestral spirits are welcomed into the family home
• The festival falls sometime between 19 January and 20 February, same dates as Chinese new year. The first three days after new year’s day are the official holidays
Lunar calendar
12 zodiacal animals – represent one year in a 12 year cycle
Public Holiday
• New Year’s Day• Lunar New Year’s
Days• Anniversary of the
death of Hung Vuong’s King
• Victory’s Day and Labour’s Day
• Independence Day
• Jan 1st - 1 day• 4 days
• April 12th – 1 day
• April 30 and May 2 – 2 days
• Sept 2nd – 1 day
Rat (Ty) Generous, social, insecure, idle
1984 1996 2008
Buffalo (Suu) Stubborn, conservative, patient
1985 1997 2009
Tiger (Dan) Creative, brave, over bearing
1986 1998 2010
Cat (Mao) Timid, affectionate, amicable
1987 1999 2011
Dragon (Thin) Egotistical, strong, intelligent
1988 2000 2012
Snake (Ty) Luxury seeking, secretive, friendly
1989 2001 2013
Horse (Ngo) Emotional, clever, quick thinker
1990 2002 2014
Goat (Mui) Charming, good with money, indecisive
1991 2003 2015
Monkey (Than) Confident, humorous, fickle
1992 2004 2016
Rooster (Dau) Diligent, imaginative, needs attention
1993 2005 2017
Dog (Tuat) Humble, responsible, patient
1994 2006 2018
Pig (Hoi) Materialistic, Loyal and Honest
1995 2007 2019
Source: Lonely planet – Vietnam-9th Edition. Published Aug 2007 by Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd
Mid-Autumn Festival (Trung Thu)
• Fifteenth day of the eighth moon
• Moon cake: lotus seeds, watermelon seeds, peanuts, and duck eggs
Weather
• Winter monsoon: comes from the northeast between October and March, bringing damp and chilly winters to the north and dry and warm temperatures to the south
• Summer monsoon: From April or May to October; hot, humid weather
• May, June and September are usually the quietest months
Lake of the Returned Sword- Ho Guom
HO CHI MINH MAUSOLEUM
Ho Chi Minh – Uncle Ho
Ancient Capital
Terraces
Sand dune – Phan Thiet
Champa
Nha Trang