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Vids CC: Feeling all the feels https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAMbkJk6gnE&index =25&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOPRKzVLY0jJY-uHOH9KVU6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAMbkJk6gnE&index =25&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOPRKzVLY0jJY-uHOH9KVU6 Emotions Revealed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- PFqzYoKkCchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- PFqzYoKkCc Eckman, Lie Detection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXm6YbXxSYk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXm6YbXxSYk

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Day 2: Feeling All the Feels

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Emotion Compare and contrast major theories of emotion (e.g., JamesLange, CannonBard, Schachter two-factor theory). Describe how cultural influences shape emotional expression, including variations in body language. Identify key contributors in the psychology of emotion

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Emotions A vital ingredient in making effective personal decisions But can spin out of control

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007

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What Is Emotion? A four-part process consisting of 1. physiological arousal of the body 2. cognitive interpretation of events and feelingsconscious and unconscious 3. subjective feelings brain senses state of arousal.. also memories of similar situations 4. behavioral expression emotions produce behavior.anger produces a middle finger

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Universal Emotional Expression Humans share a set of universal emotional expression This testifies to a common biological heritage But all emotional expressions are not universal across cultures culture influences emotional expression anger sadness joy

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Cultural Universals in Emotional Expression Display Rules Permissible ways of displaying emotions in a particular society For Example: Asian children taught to check emotions American children taught to express them

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1/16/2015 DO NOW: Define: display rules (give an example) Positive reinforcement Classical conditioning

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8 th p: Prepare for reading quiz. Notes and study guide etc Paper w/your name on it, pencil Pen for grading Goals for today: Complete emotions slides CC Emotions and Stress Ted talk: Self Confidence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w- HYZv6HzAs Discuss STRESS

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Paul Ekman Universal facial expressions Facial Action Coding System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PFqzYoKkCc Microexpressions (Lie detection) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXm6YbXxSYk Emotions Demonstration

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 PLUTCHIKS EIGHT BASIC HUMAN EMOTIONS Joy, Trust, Fear, Surprise, Sadness, Anticipation, Anger, and Disgust Joy opposite of Sadness Joy opposite of Sadness Fear opposite of Anger Fear opposite of Anger Disgust opposite of Trust Disgust opposite of Trust Anticipation opposite of Surprise Anticipation opposite of Surprise

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Nature of Emotions by Plutchik His three-dimensional model describes the relations among emotion concepts. The cones vertical dimension represents loss of intensity The circle represents degrees of similarity among the emotions. The 8 sectors are designed to indicate that there are 8 primary emotion dimensions defined by the theory arranged as 4 pairs of opposites.

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Real Smile Can you identify the social smile versus the genuine, Duchenne smile? Real smiles involve muscles around both the eyes and cheeks.

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 A "real" smile raises the lips and causes "crow's feet" around the eyes

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Theories of Emotion James-Lange Theory: Cannon-Bard Theory: Schachter-Singer (two-factor theory) Other: cognitive appraisal

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Theories about emotion: 1.James-Lange Theory: We have a psychological response & we label it as an emotion: "I see a shark, my muscles tense, I feel afraid." 1.Cannon-Bard Theory: We have an emotional response & we feel the physiological response: "I see a shark, I feel afraid, my muscles tense." 1.Schacter-Singer Theory: We experience feelings & then label them: "I feel bad. I must be scared." 1.Cognitive Appraisal: When there is no physiological arousal. we experience something; we think about it, we label it as an emotion.

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YouTube: Charles Schallhorn - Theories of Emotions

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Emotions are difficult to understand. We assume they are physiological at some level, but often is a cognitive component. However, unlike other areas of cognition, emotions are not directly under our control. JEALOUSY is a great example! Experience that is very common but difficult to explain: just like much of psychology

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Emotional Intelligence -the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions -EQ is a better predictor in future success than IQ

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 E.I. E.I. (Goleman Model, 1995) Self-awareness the ability to read one's emotions and recognize their impact Self-management involves controlling one's emotions and impulses and adapting to changing circumstances. Social Awareness the ability to sense, understand, and react to others' emotions Relationship Management the ability to inspire, influence, and develop others while managing conflict.

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Detecting Deception People can also control their emotions to deceive Polygraph Device that records the graphs of many measures of physical arousal; often called a lie detector really an arousal detector

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Lateralization of Emotion The two cerebral hemispheres specialize in different emotions Right Hemisphere Negative emotions..anger, depression, hate, disgust Left Hemisphere Positive emotions.joy, happiness, delight, mirth

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Arousal and Emotion

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The Neuroscience of Emotion The autonomic nervous system: Parasympathetic Division: Usually dominates pleasant emotions Sympathetic Division: Becomes active when startled or by an unpleasant emotion Neurotransmitters: Serotonin .feelings of depression Epinephrine (adrenalin)produced by fear Norepinephrine more abundant in anger Steroids

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Achievement Motivation People who have LOW achievement motivation prefer very easy or very difficult tasks. People with HIGH achievement motivation prefer moderately difficult tasks. Failure is unlikely - no embarrassment Success is attainable, yet attributable to their skill and effort.

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Achievement Motivation Does high achievement motivation mean success in life?

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Leadership Style Task Leadership: goal oriented leadership that sets standards & organizes work. Social Leadership: group oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict & offers support. SOCIAL MOTIVATION David McClelland (1950s) explored what motivated humans to challenge themselves, particularly in relation to others. McClellands theory: Need for Achievement Used experimental data based on participants' descriptions of ambiguous pictures to support his claims. In longitudinal studies, McClelland found that subjects who scored high on tests of achievement were more likely to be entrepreneurs. Other theories of social motivation claim that Fear can be a very powerful motivator, with some humans being driven by a fear of failure while others are more afraid of success.

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YouTube: Steve Jobs Commencement Address Stanford University 2005

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STRESS Break Packet personal assessment

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 How and Why Do We Experience Stress? The human stress response to perceived threat activates thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and physiological arousal that normally promote adaptation and survival

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Stress and Coping Stress The response to events that threaten or challenge a person Psychophysiological disorders Medical problems that are influenced by an interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties

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Stress and Stressors Stress A physical and mental response to a challenging or threatening situation Stressor A stressful stimulus . a condition demanding adaptation

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Categorizing Stressors Cataclysmic events Strong stressors that occur suddenly, affecting many people at once Personal stressors major life events such as the death of a family member, that have immediate consequences that generally fade with time

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Categorizing Stressors Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Phenomenon on which victims of major catastrophes or strong personal stressors feel long-lasting effects that may include re- experiencing the event in vivid flashbacks or dreams 9/11 terrorist attacks

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Categorizing Stressors Background stressors Daily hassles Everyday annoyances that cause minor irritations and may have long-term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events Ex: being stuck in traffic Uplifts Minor positive events that make one feel good

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Psychophysiological disorders Psychosomatic disorders Medical problems influenced by an interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties

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Do Now Define: emotional intelligence extrinsic motivation classical conditioning Today: complete stress, Ted Talks, review

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Wednesday Finals Schedule January 21, 2015 5th Period 9:55-10:55 (60 minutes) 6th Period 11:00 12:00 (60 minutes) Lunch (combined) 12:00-12:37 7th Period Final 12:42-2:06 (final 84 minutes) 8th Period Final 2:11-3:35 (final 84 minutes)

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Watch Ted Talks Psychology of Self Motivation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sxpKhIbr0E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sxpKhIbr0E Sweat the small stuff: https://www.ted.com/talks/rory_sutherland_sweat_the_small_stu ff https://www.ted.com/talks/rory_sutherland_sweat_the_small_stu ff Self confidence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w- HYZv6HzAshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w- HYZv6HzAs Due next class: Learning study guide Motivation/Emotion Vocab packetscompleted!

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Test format 38 questions x 2 points a piece = 76 points possible 2 questions w/more than 1 answer. Get either possible guess and you get full points.

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Stress and the Immune System The human immune system response, which evolved to respond to short-term stressors, may react to chronic stressors by breaking down and turning on itself

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Physical Stress Response Arousal: Increased physiological state

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Physical Stress Response Acute Stress A temporary pattern of arousal caused by a stressor with a clear onset and limited duration Example: flashing blue lights in your rearview mirror Chronic Stress A continuous state of stressful arousal persisting over time Example: A bad marriage

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Physical Stress Response Fight-or-Flight Response A sequence of internal processes that prepares the organism for struggle or escape Withdrawal: If fight or flight is not possible, or stressor is too much to handle, the organism may freeze Ex: Deer in the headlights

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) A pattern of responses to any serious chronic stressor Prolonged stressor response can contribute to heart disease, ulcers, arthritic, asthma, even death

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 General Adaptation Syndrome G. A. S. 3 Stages 1. Alarm 2. Resistance 3. Exhaustion Healthy Adaptation or Illness

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Stage One - Alarm Reaction 1. Body mobilizes its resources to cope with a stressor 2. Hypothalamus sets off a response through the endocrine system 3. Adrenal hormones are released 4. The sympathetic nervous system is activated IF STRESSOR IS NOT REMOVED IN TIME, THE ORGANISM MOVES TO NEXT STAGE Sympathetic --Mobilize energy from stores, inhibit further storage Inhibit digestion, growth, reproduction, immunity --Increase HR, BP, breathing --Fight or flight response --Analgesia --Aspects of senses and memory improve

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Stage Two - Stage of Resistance Arousal (Alarm reaction) subsides The parasympathetic system activates adrenal output slows If a second stressor is introduced, the organism may not be able to adapt IF STRESSOR IS NOT REMOVED IN TIME, THE ORGANISM MOVES TO NEXT STAGE Resistance Body tries to adapt to stressor Hormonal changes to cope with stress Conservation of resources. Effects on activity level, feeding etc.

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Stage Three - Stage of Exhaustion Organism tires fighting stressor Symptoms of Alarm Stage (Stage One) reappear Parasympathetic system overcompensates in an attempt to stop surging hormones IF STRESSOR DOES NOT DISAPPEAR IN TIME DEATH OCCURS

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Resistance Resistance the body seems to adapt to the presence of the stressor Alarm Reaction Alarm reaction the body mobilizes its resources to cope with a stressor The General Adaptation Syndrome Exhaustion Illness/death Exhaustion the body depletes its resources Level of normal resistance Successful Resistance

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Personality Types and Stress Type A behavior pattern characterized by intense, angry, competitive, or perfectionist responses to challenging situations Type B behavior pattern characterized by a relaxed, unstressed approach to life

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Learned Helplessness State in which people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled a view of the world that becomes so ingrained that they cease trying to remedy the aversive circumstances, even if they actually can exert some influence

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Psychological Responses to Stress Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral Responses Stress is associated with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses. Some responses do not affect functioning, while others can severely disrupt normal functioning. A. Emotional symptoms of stress can include crying, nervousness, irritability, anger, sadness, anxiety, fear, feelings of dissatisfaction, feeling overwhelmed and powerless, apathetic, or empty. B. Cognitive symptoms of stress can include memory problems, distractibility, obsessiveness, or problems in concentration. C. Behavioral reactions to stress can include problems in relationships, alcohol and substance abuse, compulsive eating, teeth grinding, lowered sex drive, or uncommunicativeness

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Positive Aspects of Stress Optimal arousal theory suggests that peak performance is related to amount of stress. A. More stress can increase performance on simple tasks. B. Too much stress tends to decrease performance on complex tasks. Key-balance

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Mediators of Stress Responses to stress can be mediated by the following: A. Adequacy of coping skillsHaving more than one way of dealing with problems is useful. B. Availability of social supportFriends can help buffer the effects of stress. C. Intensity and duration of the stressor and history of previous stressors affect stress. D. Individual beliefs and values affect stress. Example: Locus of control (a) InternalA belief that a person has control over rewards and punishments in life (b) ExternalA belief that luck, chance, and powerful people determine events E. Gender (e.g., Bernstein, Penner, Clarke-Stewart, & Roy, 2003) Males express anger and use avoidance; females use support networks. F. Cultural differences affect stress.

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Resilience Capacity to adapt, achieve well-being, and cope with stress, in spite of serious threats to development

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Coping With Stress Coping Efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress Emotion-focused coping Managing emotions in the face of stress Problem-focused coping Attempts to modify the stressful problem or source of stress Avoidance Defense mechanisms

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Coping Styles: The Hardy Personality Hardiness Personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness, consisting of three components Commitment Challenge Control

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Social Support Mutual network of caring, interested others Health and loneliness in college students Can be psychologically painful Negative effect on the immune system