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� This section will be a primer to understand some of the basic in video conferencing

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� This outlines the basic components in a video conference endpoint� For the purposes of this presentation we will focus on the codec as that is what

connects to the network and puts data on the network� We will talk later about codecs, resolution, and the impact these have on

bandwidth

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� Just a primer so audience understands aspect ratios, more importantly as they are related to HD video

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� HD is a quantum leap in resolution – delivering 9 times the CIF resolution.� Note that this is requiring a video conferencing system to process (send and

receive) almost a million pixels, as compared to about 100,000 today

� Progressive scanning is preferred for video conferencing as the chance of video remnants is less likely

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� Just a visual representation of 4:3 aspect ratio compared to 16:9

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� Generally codec is short for coder-decoder and some use it as short for compressor-decompressor

� A codec performs several key functions including taking in analog signals and converting to a digital signal for audio, video, and control signals.

� The codec also compresses the traffic, transmits the data over an ISDN or IP network, and performs the opposite functions on the receiving end.

� A codec is software that runs on a hardware platform either as a dedicated device or as a software component in a PC, tablet, or smartphone application.

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� These are estimates and call speeds may vary by network and by vendor….but the key point is to drive home the point that calls take up to 50% less bandwidth with High Profile…but only when you deploy Polycom Video solutions.

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� The role of the codec is to take an analog signal and turn it into a digital signal� It is also responsible for compression and decompression of the signal� Based on the codec used the audio quality and bandwidth utilization are

affected� The key to a “good” codec is balance between audio quality and bandwidth

utilized� This is negotiated during call setup and is based on what each end can support

i.e. one end may by capable of G.722 while the other end is not capable. G.722 could not be used in this example.

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� This slide is to point out the legacy H.320 based on the use of ISDN vs. H.323 and SIP which utilize IP networks are the primary standard protocols in use today

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� This is an exaggeration as video won’t knock out your network but you need to understand the impact and plan the network to handle the traffic.

� Video can put a significant amount of data traffic on your network and can have a noticeable negative impact on low bandwidth WAN links.

� The roles in the picture could also be reversed where a network not capable of handling video traffic can create a negative user experience on video calls.

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� Voice payload on the network is much smaller� Just because a network is handling VOIP today does not mean that it is ready

to handle increased traffic created by video traffic� This picture is to show how large video payload can be constrained by LAN or

WAN segments that don’t have sufficient bandwidth overhead

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� The network is a critical component of video conferencing service delivery and must be properly configured to support video traffic. Video is a challenging application with demands that are quite different than normal enterprise traffic, so often the network team needs to learn the new needs and come up to speed on how to support this application. Insufficient bandwidth, QoS marking, trust boundaries, WAN SLAs, incompatibilities and many other factors can impact video traffic in a negative way. Video service delivery managers often struggle to communicate their issues to the network team.

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� This are recommendations to have a quality user experience with a video call

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� The is how lost packets affect video which can be seen� Technology such as Lost Packet Recovery can conceal packet loss

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� 802.1Q is VLAN tagging where traffic is put into different VLAN’s on the network

� 802.1p is prioritization which allows the network administrator to place priorities on individual VLAN’s

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� DiffServ has become the QOS mechanism used in networks to classify traffic such as voice, video, web, and email so that it can receive appropriate treatment as it travels from router to router

� Any hop that does not honor the QOS marking breaks QOS which can lead to a transmission problem

� Another problem that can happen as traffic leaves the Enterprise network is that the DSCP markings are not only not honored but are stripped

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� This is a best practice recommendation� Polycom offers this as a service� Many customers don’t want to the spend the money on this service although

the problems or random increase in WAN bandwidth can easily offset the cost of this service.

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� In this section we are going to talk about simple network planning around video conferencing

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� Maximum WAN required in this example is 1MB as there is only 1 unit at the branch location

� Maximum LAN required in this example is 1MB as there are only 2 units at the main location and if they are communication then on 1MB is consumed

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� Utilizing an MCU in your video network will become a requirement as your number of video endpoints increases. It will be more likely that more than 2 participants will want to be in a call.

� The MCU may be an on premise, owned, solution or purchased as a service.� Network planning for the MCU is important as the location of the MCU will

direct large volumes of traffic and thus bandwidth at it’s location.� A discussion point is to discuss that this same setup could be used in another

geographic location like another continent and then have MCU’s connect to each other to reduce WAN bandwidth.

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� Mobility adds planning complexity as you don’t know where the clients will be at any given time

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� Depending on the video solution the addition of remote users can add substantial bandwidth utilization to the solution

� Limiting the number of calls allowed from remote uses or by bandwidth limitation from remote users (depending on the FW traversal solution) allows for BW planning on the network

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� This is not a deep dive into FW traversal but is intended to point out that in deploying video to remote clients that a FW traversal solution for H.323 and/or SIP users will be required

� A session border controller should be viewed as a strategic purchase as more real-time applications are using SIP as the primary protocol such as voice, video, and UC solutions

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� In planning for UC integration, a consideration should be given to how the complementing video solution integrates with that solution

� The native integration allows for fewer components and a straight forward implementation

� The gateway integration introduces additional components resulting in additional cost and complexity along with additional points of failure

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