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Video Streaming The new channel for pirated content

Olesia Klevchuk and Steve Crystal

MarkMonitor

Agenda

Video streaming piracy landscape

Challenges – crawling and verification

Solution – monitoring and enforcement

Best practices

New Channel for Online Piracy

Popularity of Online Streaming Services

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15000

25000

35000

45000

55000

65000

75000

85000

95000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

OnlineGaming

File Sharing

Web, Emailand Data*

Video

83,299

67,671

54,635

44,204

35,884

29,071

*Includes Web, email, instant messaging and other non-filesharing data transfers via HTTP and FTP

Source: Statista, Cisco

Online Video Boom Leads to Surge in Data Traffic

Estimated monthly consumer data traffic (in petabyte)

By 2018, 76% of

Internet traffic will be

video content

Piracy is shifting away

from file-sharing and

downloading to online

streaming

Trends Responsible for Growth of Video Streaming

Growing Appetite for Streaming Content

Mobile devices account for 30% of all video

streaming views

40% of U.S. households already subscribe

to streaming services

38% of sports fans watch live events online

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Often Faster than Other Types of Content

Video Streaming Online Piracy is Growing Fast

Over the 17 months, infringing video streaming content has grown faster than

other content types

449% Growth in TV Titles

269% Growth in Movie Titles

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More likely to come across

streaming pirated content

than any other

48% of infringing content is

streaming video

Analyzing Most Popular Sites on the Internet

Streaming as a Top Piracy Channel

Websites with pirated content within Alexa 200

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Profits from Downloads Decrease

Pirates are Monetizing on Streaming Content

Profits generated by

streaming platforms are

growing

Profits generated by Torrent sites shrank by 30%

Ads for premium brands are

also more likely to appear on

streaming sites.

Profits generated from video streaming piracy

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Infringing Stream Growth Mirrors Legitimate Growth

Pirate Streaming Growth

Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15

Count of Domain if # of infringements > avg 41 42 47 41 44 40 46 45 53 59 74 62 78 75 82 64 64 55

Count of Domain if # of Infringements > median 97 113 117 120 134 133 145 144 167 184 197 190 211 227 235 238 228 217

Count of any Domain found 194 226 237 241 268 267 291 289 338 371 395 383 422 458 471 477 457 435

Average # of Infringements per Domain 966 1,121 1,456 1,388 1,581 1,423 1,477 1,666 1,424 2,456 2,922 2,421 1,770 1,959 2,004 1,493 1,541 2,149

Median # of Infringements per Domain 88 66 87 83 105 77 55 76 44 73 80 55 54 62 81 42 72 56

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

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Total Streaming Domains

Domains > median infringements

Average Number of Infringements Per Domain

Pirate Streaming Growth

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Average # of Infringements perDomain

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Challenges Discovery, Crawling and Verification

Alluc

Movie4k

Watchseries

Videoweed

Movshare

Netu.tv

Linking

Stream Site Types

Hosting Linking & Hosting (UGC)

YouTube

VK

Alluc

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Instructions required

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Third-party ads present obstacles

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More users actions sometimes required

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Lots of options, unclear choices

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Linking site - Easy shopping

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Dozens of options

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Multiple Hops

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Multiple hops to multiple choices

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Hybrid Site – Linking and Embedding

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Plenty of options

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Linked site requiring credentials

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Embedded stream from hosting site

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Social Media

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Popcorn Time

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Challenges for Fingerprinting

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Post-test flood

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Front end

Hiding and Blocking

JavaScript

Flash

Browser-created links

IP Blocking

Captcha

Expiring access tokens

Dummy links and tokens

Back end

Framing

Speeding

Fingerprinting

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Highly fluid landscape

Fast Moving Targets

New sites spin up with a full compliment of links instantly

Site values as targets are highly dynamic

• Infringement volume

• Traffic

Shift away from brand name sites (….other than YouTube)

Rogue sites change defensive techniques

• Custom site coverage increasingly necessary

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Best Practices Overview

Fingerprinting for

quick verification &

notice sending

Manual verification

where appropriate

Customize criteria

for infringing

content

Download

evidence

Capture IP

addresses for file

hosts

Retain all

information on

links identified

Notices to

hosting sites

Compliance

escalation to ISP

Transparent

up/down check

Evidence and data

reporting

Trend analysis

VERIFICATION EVIDENCE

COLLECTION ENFORCEMENT

COMPLIANCE REPORTING DETECTION

Direct Web

Crawling

Search engines

Monitor feeds and

social media

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Typical Program Overview

Select titles and confirm site targets

Generate reference fingerprints

Confirm rules of engagement

Begin monitoring and enforcement

Conduct early project review of outlier cases

Adjust verification process if necessary

Adjust enforcement for improved compliance

Provide support for legal case building

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

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Streaming Program Objectives

Automated Automated crawling, downloading, matching and enforcement

Scalable Ability to adjust scanning and fingerprinting to the level of Web demand

Customizable Set custom policies to define infringing content where applicable

Comprehensive Global coverage. Regional focus where appropriate.

Rich Data Number of views Duration of video

File size User

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Protect Your Digital Content

Best Practices

Monitor every corner of the Internet

Be prepared for new piracy channels

Build a strategy for enforcing on copyright infringements

Use piracy data to make smarter decisions

Fight piracy with comprehensive anti-piracy strategy

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Questions?

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