Victory in the pacificVictory in the pacific

Objectives:Objectives:

149. Define island hopping.149. Define island hopping.

150. Recognize how victories at Leyte Gulf, Iwo 150. Recognize how victories at Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima and Okinawa built momentum for the Jima and Okinawa built momentum for the Allies.Allies.

151. Describe the wartime transition of power 151. Describe the wartime transition of power from FDR to Harry Truman.from FDR to Harry Truman.

152. Define the Manhattan Project.152. Define the Manhattan Project.

153. Recognize the events that brought an end 153. Recognize the events that brought an end to the war in the Pacific.to the war in the Pacific.

Objective 149: Define island hopping.Objective 149: Define island hopping.

Island hopping was the Island hopping was the military strategy of military strategy of attacking only important attacking only important islands, rather than all of islands, rather than all of them. them.

Islands that were held by Islands that were held by major Japanese forces major Japanese forces would be attacked. would be attacked. Smaller Japanese units Smaller Japanese units on islands that were on islands that were hopped would be cut off hopped would be cut off from suppliesfrom supplies..

Objective 150: Recognize how victories at Objective 150: Recognize how victories at Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima and Okinawa built Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima and Okinawa built

momentum for the Allies.momentum for the Allies.

Leyte Gulf, fall of 1944:Leyte Gulf, fall of 1944:The largest, most decisive battle in the Pacific, The largest, most decisive battle in the Pacific, where the where the U.S. took control of the Philippines U.S. took control of the Philippines for the first time since spring of 1942.for the first time since spring of 1942.

Iwo Jima, February 1945:Iwo Jima, February 1945:The The United States took this island after severe United States took this island after severe casualties from both sides, bringing us within casualties from both sides, bringing us within 750 miles of Tokyo750 miles of Tokyo..

Okinawa, April 1945:Okinawa, April 1945:One of the bloodiest battles of the warOne of the bloodiest battles of the war, this , this conflict ended with the U.S. getting within 350 conflict ended with the U.S. getting within 350 miles of Japan, on the verge of invading Japan.miles of Japan, on the verge of invading Japan.

Objective 151: Describe the wartime Objective 151: Describe the wartime transition of power from FDR to Harry transition of power from FDR to Harry

Truman.Truman.

Franklin Roosevelt had been president since 1933.Franklin Roosevelt had been president since 1933.

With the end of the war in sight, With the end of the war in sight, Roosevelt ran for, Roosevelt ran for, and won a fourth term as president. Harry and won a fourth term as president. Harry Truman was his V.PTruman was his V.P..

April 12, 1945 – April 12, 1945 – Franklin Roosevelt died suddenly.Franklin Roosevelt died suddenly.

Harry Truman became presidentHarry Truman became president..

Within the first month of his presidency, Truman Within the first month of his presidency, Truman had to face an incredibly tough decision: should had to face an incredibly tough decision: should the U.S. use an atomic bomb on Japan?the U.S. use an atomic bomb on Japan?

Objective 152: Define the Manhattan Objective 152: Define the Manhattan Project.Project.

The Manhattan Project was an ongoing effort to The Manhattan Project was an ongoing effort to build an atomic weapon, worked on since build an atomic weapon, worked on since 19421942..

This This research and development was prompted research and development was prompted by the warning that Germany was working on by the warning that Germany was working on a similar weapona similar weapon..

Research centers were built in Tennessee, Research centers were built in Tennessee, Washington and New Mexico. Washington and New Mexico. The New The New Mexican center was the first to develop the Mexican center was the first to develop the bomb and test itbomb and test it. .

Objective 153: Recognize the events that Objective 153: Recognize the events that brought an end to the war in the Pacific.brought an end to the war in the Pacific.

..

Truman had an important Truman had an important decision to makedecision to make::

He could send troops to He could send troops to invade Japaninvade Japan, but top , but top advisors estimated the advisors estimated the potential loss of 250,000-potential loss of 250,000-1,000,000 American 1,000,000 American lives.lives.

Iwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima and Okinawa proved the fighting would proved the fighting would be difficult, and be difficult, and gruesome. The Japanese gruesome. The Japanese would not surrender.would not surrender.

Or he could use the newly tested A-Or he could use the newly tested A-bombbomb. This would avoid . This would avoid American casualties, but would American casualties, but would result in potentially thousands of result in potentially thousands of Japanese civilian deaths.Japanese civilian deaths.

Truman opted for the A-bomb, Truman opted for the A-bomb, believing it would be a quicker believing it would be a quicker end to the warend to the war..

Truman gave Japan one last chance Truman gave Japan one last chance to agree to an unconditional to agree to an unconditional surrender. When the Japanese surrender. When the Japanese refused, the order was given to refused, the order was given to bombbomb..

Objective 153: Recognize the events that brought an end to the war in the Pacific.

Objective 153: Recognize the events that Objective 153: Recognize the events that brought an end to the war in the Pacific.brought an end to the war in the Pacific.

On August 8, 1945 the On August 8, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, leveling the on Hiroshima, leveling the city.city.

After another failed attempt After another failed attempt to force a Japanese to force a Japanese surrender, a second bomb surrender, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9.on August 9.

The two bombs combined to The two bombs combined to cause 200,000 Japanese cause 200,000 Japanese casualties.casualties.

Objective 153: Recognize the events that Objective 153: Recognize the events that brought an end to the war in the Pacific.brought an end to the war in the Pacific.

After the bombing of After the bombing of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, the Japanese the Japanese finally relented, finally relented, surrendering on surrendering on September 2, 1945September 2, 1945..

This day is called V-J This day is called V-J Day (Victory over Day (Victory over Japan).Japan).

Objective 154: Identify the impact Objective 154: Identify the impact World War II had on the world.World War II had on the world.

Allied victory.Allied victory.

The Nazi government The Nazi government and Japanese military and Japanese military warlords were warlords were overthrownoverthrown..

WWII resulted in more WWII resulted in more death, and destroyed death, and destroyed more property than more property than any war in world any war in world history.history.

Hundreds of cities Hundreds of cities destroyed.destroyed.

Millions of homes lost.Millions of homes lost.

Millions of people lacked Millions of people lacked basic necessities.basic necessities.

Some estimates put the Some estimates put the death toll of the war death toll of the war worldwide at 70 worldwide at 70 million+.million+.