GEOGRAPHYWritten examination

Friday 14 November 2014 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookNumber ofquestions

Number of questionsto be answered

Number ofmarks

4 4 60

• Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners, rulers, coloured pencils, water-based pens and markers.

• Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or white out liquid/tape.

• No calculator is allowed in this examination.

Materials supplied• Question and answer book of 15 pages.• A data book.• Additional space is available at the end of the book if you need extra paper to complete an answer.

Instructions• Write your student number in the space provided above on this page.

• All written responses must be in English.

At the end of the examination• You may keep the data book.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2014

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certifi cate of Education2014

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

2014 GEOG EXAM 2

Question 1 – continued

InstructionsAnswer all questions in the spaces provided. Refer to the data book as indicated.

Use Figure 1 on pages 3–5 of the data book when responding to Question 1.

Question 1 (20 marks)a. Describe the distribution of the three different types of water resources named below and

shown on the map extract. 6 marks

Water resource 1 – Mirrool Creek

Water resource 2 – Main Canal

Water resource 3 – Dams

3 2014 GEOG EXAM

Question 1 – continued TURN OVER

b. i. Give one reason why wetlands are an important water resource of the Murray-Darling Basin. 2 marks

ii. Why are the water resources of the Murray-Darling Basin wetlands a reason for confl ict? In your response, refer to one specifi c Murray-Darling Basin wetland. 3 marks

iii. Evaluate the resolution, or likely resolution, of the confl ict over the Murray-Darling Basin wetland referred to in part b.ii. 4 marks

2014 GEOG EXAM 4

c. Select one of the following management strategies employed in the Murray-Darling Basin: • water trading• water recovery• water allocation• water-linked infrastructure

Management strategy selected

i. What is meant by the management strategy you have selected? 2 marks

ii. Describe the impact of your selected management strategy on people or the environment at a specifi c location in the Murray-Darling Basin. The specifi c location selected must be different from that used in part b.ii. 3 marks

5 2014 GEOG EXAM

TURN OVER

CONTINUES OVER PAGE

2014 GEOG EXAM 6

Question 2 – continued

Use Figure 2 on pages 6 and 7 of the data book when responding to Question 2.

Question 2 (10 marks)a. On the sketch outline below, annotate an example of spatial interaction that operates in the

Candidasa beach area. 1 mark

b. Describe the example of spatial interaction annotated on the sketch outline. 1 mark

7 2014 GEOG EXAM

Question 2 – continuedTURN OVER

c. Identify a local resource for which you have collected data in the fi eld.

Describe one example of spatial interaction that operates within your local resource. 2 marks

d. The coastline of Candidasa has changed considerably.

In what ways has your local resource changed over time? 2 marks

e. On the sketch outline on page 6, annotate an example of management of the local resource of Candidasa beach. 1 mark

2014 GEOG EXAM 8

f. Identify a management strategy that has operated successfully within the local resource you identifi ed in part c.

Referring to your fi eldwork data, evaluate how sustainable your local resource is likely to be as a result of this management strategy being implemented. 3 marks

9 2014 GEOG EXAM

Question 3 – continued TURN OVER

Use Figure 3 on pages 8 and 9 of the data book when responding to Question 3.

Question 3 (15 marks)a. What is the difference between ‘crude death rate’ and ‘age-specifi c death rate’? 2 marks

b. ‘The distributions of global crude death rates and global infant mortality rates are similar.’

Discuss with reference to specifi c world regions and countries. 5 marks

2014 GEOG EXAM 10

c. Other than infant mortality, explain one factor that can affect the level of crude death rates in a specifi c population. 2 marks

d. Compare the population policies of two different countries: 6 marks• one in a country experiencing population growth• one in a different country whose population is ageing

11 2014 GEOG EXAM

Question 4 – continued TURN OVER

Question 4 (15 marks)a. Use the outline map below to map the distribution of a global phenomenon. Include a title and

a legend. Do not use the phenomenon of human population. 3 marks

Trop ic o f Capr icorn

Equator

Trop ic o f Cancer

0 2000 km

N

2014 GEOG EXAM 12

Question 4 – continued

b. To what extent do natural processes and human activities explain the distribution of the selected global phenomenon? Refer to locations in two specifi c regions of the world. 5 marks

c. Referring to one specifi c location, describe one positive or one negative impact on people or the environment of the global phenomenon selected. 3 marks

13 2014 GEOG EXAM

TURN OVER

d. How has a government or non-government organisation responded to the selected global phenomenon? Evaluate the effectiveness of this response. 4 marks

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

2014 GEOG EXAM 14

Extra space for responses

Clearly number all responses in this space.

15 2014 GEOG EXAM

An answer book is available from the supervisor if you need extra paper to complete your answer. Please ensure you write your student number in the space provided on the front cover of the answer book. At the end of the examination, place the answer book inside the front cover of this question and answer book.

GEOGRAPHYWritten examination

Friday 14 November 2014 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)

DATA BOOK

Directions to students

• Aquestionandanswerbookisprovidedwiththisdatabook.

• Refertothedatainthisbookforeachquestionasindicatedinthequestionandanswerbook.

• Thedatacontainedinthisbookisdrawnfromcurrentrealworldcasestudies.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2014

Victorian Certificate of Education 2014

2

THIS PAGE IS BLANK

3 TURN OVER

Figure 1a: Location of Yoogali

Figure 1 Murray-Darling Basin

200 km0

N

BRISBANE

SYDNEY

CANBERRA

MELBOURNE

ADELAIDE GRIFFITHYOOGALI

VICTORIA

NEWSOUTHWALES

SOUTHAUSTRALIA

ACT

QUEENSLAND

Murray-Darling Basin

State/Territory boundary

River, permanent

River, intermittent

Key

4Figure 1b: Topographic map of Yoogali

Figure 1 Murray-Darling Basin

5 TURN OVER

Key to Figure 1b

Figure 1 Murray-Darling Basin

SCALE 1:500000 km 1 2

CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 METRES

4 km

Source: Yoogali, topographic map 1:50 000, 8129-S, first edition, NSW Department of Lands, 2008

© Land and Property Information 2008, Panorama Avenue, Bathurst 2795; www.lpi.nsw.gov.au

6

Figure 2a: Location of Candidasa

Background information

Figure 2 Candidasa beach, Indonesia

Denpasar

Candidasa

Kuta

BALI

Bal i Sea

Indian Ocean

JAVA

25 km0

N

Candidasa is located in eastern Bali, Indonesia. It is a seaside town with a popular tourist beach.In the 1970s and 1980s, there was a surge in tourism and, as a result, a construction boom. To provide material for the building of beach accommodation, new homes and restaurants, the offshore reef was mined for lime to make cement and other construction materials. This removed the coastal barrier that had protected the beach. As a consequence, the beach began to be washed away.

The mining was stopped and officials ordered the building of breakwaters and seawalls to stop the ocean from continuing to erode the coastline. Local hotel owners constructed a series of T-shaped groynes out into the water in an attempt to preserve the beach. However, results have been mixed. Many hotels and homes, which were originally built 30 metres from the shore, are now just one metre from the ocean. The remaining beach is very small. In 2012, the local administration announced it was planning to restore 87 kilometres of coastline, including the Candidasa beach area.

Indian Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Equator

EASTTIMOR

AUSTRALIA

I N D O N E S I A

400 km0

N

Key See main map

7 TURN OVER

Figure 2b: Candidasa beach, 2013

Figure 2 Candidasa beach, Indonesia

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Figure 3a: Infant mortality rate, 2014 (estimated)

Figure 3b: Crude death rate, 2014 (estimated)

Figure 3 Human population

Trop ic o f Capr icorn

Equator

Trop ic o f Cancer

Arc t i c C i rc le

0 2000 km1000

N

Trop ic o f Capr icorn

Equator

Trop ic o f Cancer

Arc t i c C i rc le

0 2000 km1000

N

Data: International Data Base, US Census Bureau

Data: International Data Base, US Census Bureau

more than 75 50–75 25–49.9 10–24.9 less than 10Infant deaths per 1000 live birthsKey to Figure 3a

more than 16 12–16 8–11.9 4–7.9 less than 4

Key to Figure 3bDeaths per 1000 people

9

Figure 3 Human population

Figure 3c: World regions

END OF DATA BOOK

Trop ic o f Capr icorn

Equator

Trop ic o f Cancer

Arc t i c C i rc le

0 2000 km1000

N

Sub-Saharan Africa

North Africa

Middle East

West Europe

East Europe

Russia

Key to Figure 3c

North-West Asia

Central Asia

South Asia

North-East Asia

South-East Asia

Australia and the Pacific

North America

Central America

South America