VICTIM RIGHTS AND ADVOCACY
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Transcript of VICTIM RIGHTS AND ADVOCACY
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Module 1Kentucky Victim Assistance Academy
1DRAFT KVAA
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Explain the History of the Victims Rights Movement
Identify the rights of victims under Kentucky Law
Identify alterative ways for victims to seek their rights
Learning Objectives 1.1:Learning Objectives 1.1:Victim RightsVictim Rights
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History of Victim Rights and History of Victim Rights and ServicesServices
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1. Crime Victim Bill of Rights (KRS 421.500 – 421.575)
As the result of the commission, there are multiple classifications of crime.
Victim Rights in KentuckyVictim Rights in Kentucky
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Applies to: All felony and misdemeanor proceedings in a district or
circuit court and
To individuals who have suffered direct or threatened physical, financial or emotional harm
If “victim” is a minor or legal incapacitated, it includes: a parent, guardian, custodian or court appointed special advocate is designated “victim”.
If “victim” is deceased: the spouse, an adult child, a parent, a sibling, or a grandparent is designated “victim”.
Who is the Victim?Who is the Victim?
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Initial contact: Provide protective, emergency, and social and medical services
As soon as possible: Provide availability of crime victims compensation, community
based treatment programs, criminal process/victim participation, arrest of accused, notification regarding release, info on protection from intimidation
Promptly return property unless there is a compelling need and assist in informing employers of the need for absence from work
Law Enforcement Law Enforcement ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities
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Prosecutor ResponsibilitiesProsecutor Responsibilities
Insure info is received on:
Protective, emergency, social and medical services
Crime victims compensation
Restitution
Obtaining the assistance of a victim advocate
Community-based treatment programs
How to register to receive notice of release
Protection from intimidation, harassment or retaliation
Victim, Witness, Family Protection Program
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If provided with contact information, it is the Prosecutor’s responsibility to provide notification of multiple items.
Prosecutor Responsibilities Prosecutor Responsibilities Cont’dCont’d
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Perform duties necessary for compliance with crime victims’ bill of rights
If requested by victim, in court proceedings, Advocate may accompany during the proceedings for support.
In court proceedings, Advocate must be allowed to confer orally and in writing with victim in a reasonable manner.
Advocate ResponsibilitiesAdvocate Responsibilities
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Deliver notification to victim of defendant’s initial appeal, status of the case, and decision of case (if Commonwealth is represented by the OAG)
If requested, provide technical assistance to law enforcement and prosecutors in establishing a victim assistance program
OAG ResponsibilitiesOAG Responsibilities
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Enforceability vs. Non - Enforceability vs. Non - Enforceability Enforceability
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2. KRS 26A.140 Special Needs of Children In Courtroom
2. KRS 421.500 Speedy Trial Where Child Victim is Involved.
Additional Rights of Child Additional Rights of Child VictimsVictims
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4. KRS 421.575 Right Victim Advocate in Court
◦ Upon request of victim, Victim advocate shall be allowed to accompany victim during proceedings to: Provide moral and emotional support Confer with victim orally and in writing
Victim Advocate Rights in Victim Advocate Rights in CourtCourt
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5. KRS 532.055 Sentencing Phase Evidence
6. KRS 533.030(3) Restitution
7. Parole
8. Victim Notification
9. Criminal Laws
10. Crime Victims Compensation
Additional RightsAdditional Rights
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Representation by private attorney during criminal case
Civil Legal Case
Alternative RemediesAlternative Remedies
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Constitutional amendments
Victim rights compliance legislation
Trends for ExpansionTrends for Expansion
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17DRAFT KVAA
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Explain the role of the victim advocate
Explain the difference between system based and community/non-profit based advocates
Learning Objectives 1.2:Learning Objectives 1.2: Victim Advocates Victim Advocates
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Speaking and acting for change or justice on behalf of oneself or another person or cause.
Based on the concept of empowerment.
AdvocacyAdvocacy
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KRS 421.570 Victim Advocate
◦ An individual at least 18 years of age and of good moral character
◦ Employed by or serves as a volunteer for a public or private organization, agency or official
◦ To counsel and assist crime victims
◦ Shall not engage in the practice of law
What is a victim advocate?What is a victim advocate?
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Government/Criminal Justice System◦ Prosecutor’s offices◦ Law enforcement agencies
Community Based◦ Non-profits such as KASAP, KDVA, etc.◦ Volunteers – through organizations such as KVCV.
Where can I find a victim Where can I find a victim advocate?advocate?
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ActivityActivity
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What were some similarities between Advocates that your group came up with?
What were some differences between Advocates that your group came up with
What were some Benefits and Challenges of Advocates working together that your group came up with?
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Identify the laws related to confidentiality and privacy protections between an advocate and client
Develop an awareness of HIPPA compliance requirements
Learning Objectives Learning Objectives 1.3:1.3: Confidentiality Confidentiality
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Confidentiality?Confidentiality?
The practice and law of treating information as private.
Protection of individual’s rights◦Right to privacy
Protected by the US Constitution
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Many laws protect privacyMany laws protect privacy
◦Counselor-client Privilege (KRE 506)
◦HIPAA◦Professional Ethics◦US Constitution◦VAWA◦Administrative Laws for RCCs,
DVPs, CACs◦Abuse Reporting Requirements
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How do laws How do laws protect protect privacy?privacy?
Shield against requests for information.
None will protect in all situations, but are beneficial and effective when working together.
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Why are Confidentiality & HIPAA Why are Confidentiality & HIPAA important?important?
Best interest for clients
Basic respect for clients
Agency/Program policy compliance
Protect yourself
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What information is What information is “confidential”?“confidential”?
Identity Identifying informationLocationMental & physical health historyAnecdotal informationAnything & everything learned from a victim
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Breaches of Breaches of ConfidentialityConfidentiality
VoluntaryInvoluntary
UnjustifiedJustified
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Justified Breaches: Mandatory Justified Breaches: Mandatory ReportingReportingAbuse or neglect of:
◦Child (person under 18)◦Vulnerable adult (18 or older)
Who is unable to manage due to mental or physical dysfunction
Duty to warn of threat of violent behavior
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PrivilegePrivilege
A client has a privilege torefuse to disclose and to prevent anyother person from disclosing confidential communications made forthe purpose of counseling.
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SARTs & Other SARTs & Other CollaborationsCollaborationsCommunications with others present are not “confidential,” so no privilege attaches.
Inform victim that may speak with counselor separately.
Advocates cannot divulge confidences without breaking the law BUT prosecutor exception.
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Testimonial Testimonial PrivilegesPrivileges
Protect Communications within Particular Relationships
Established in the Rules of Evidence Exception to the general rule that individuals have a duty to testify in legal proceedings
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Privileges recognized for Privileges recognized for specific relationships:specific relationships:
Counselor-client
Psychotherapist-client
Attorney-client
Religious privilege
Spousal privilege
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Privilege can be Privilege can be destroyed!destroyed!
Waiver by Voluntary Disclosures
◦KRE 509
◦Waiver does not apply if disclosure itself was privileged
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Qualified Privilege Qualified Privilege ProceduresProcedures
Judge may conduct in camera (in chambers) review to determine whether privilege applies
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Responding to Responding to SubpoenasSubpoenasContact the clientReview the recordDiscuss PROs and CONs
“Authorization for Release” form
Contact attorney regarding other options.
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Health Health Insurance Insurance Portability & Portability & Accountability Accountability Act of 1996Act of 1996
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What is HIPAA?What is HIPAA?
HI = Health Information
P = Portability
A = Accountability
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Protected Health InformationProtected Health Information
Any information that would identify the client is PHI
◦ Name◦ Initials◦ Social security number◦ Date of birth◦ Address◦ Other descriptors
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HIPAA Privacy Rule:HIPAA Privacy Rule:The BIG PictureThe BIG Picture
People have a right to privacy
Purpose is to protect privacy, not interfere with service delivery.◦ Compliance standard is “due diligence.”
Professionals must be accountable for how they use and disclose information. ◦ Disclose “minimum necessary” for the purpose.
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HIPAA’s Basic RuleHIPAA’s Basic Rule
Do not disclose information without authorization,
except for treatment, payment and health care operations,
and as otherwise required or permitted by law.
See 45 CFR § 164.502
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Amount of information disclosed or requested must be restricted to the minimum necessary to accomplish the intended purpose
Exceptions: for “treatment” purposes
when disclosure authorized by client
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Valuable new rights Valuable new rights and protectionsand protections
Right to notice of privacy practices. Right to accounting of disclosures. Right to request special protection. Requirements for release of records pursuant to outside requests.
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Special Interest to VictimsSpecial Interest to Victims
Provisions specific to victims
General Provisions
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There are many exceptions for Law Enforcement!
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Kentucky does NOT require reporting of all crimes or all rapes.
It is necessary to get permission before reporting in most rapes.
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Special Issues for SARTsSpecial Issues for SARTs
Contacting Rape Crisis Center Advocates◦ Part of treatment◦ Required by law
Contacting Law Enforcement Authorities◦ Ask for the victim’s authorization to do so◦ Report without authorization only where child abuse
or abuse of vulnerable adult (inc. spouse)
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What does it mean for me?What does it mean for me?
Be aware in all situations…
◦ Phones: messages, cell use◦ Faxing and email◦ Conversations◦ Community Interaction◦ Documentation care◦ Information Release
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You are a privacy expert!
HIPAA raises importance of privacy to new level.
Purpose is to protect privacy, not interfere with service delivery.
Victim service providers are not of primary concern to enforcement agencies.
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Identify the difference between advocating for a client and the unauthorized practice of law
Learning Objectives 1.4: Learning Objectives 1.4: Providing Effective Advocacy & Avoiding Providing Effective Advocacy & Avoiding
the Unauthorized Practice of Lawthe Unauthorized Practice of Law
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Why are we here?Why are we here?
“Each victim advocate shall complete training which shall include information concerning the difference between advocacy and practice of law…”
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Also…Also…A victim advocate shall not engage in the practice of law as defined in KRS 524.130.
KRS 421.570
“Unauthorized practice of law” is a Class B misdemeanor
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What does “Advocacy” What does “Advocacy” mean?mean?
“Championing the rights of individuals or communities through direct intervention or through empowerment”
- Social Work DictionaryActive support; especially the act of pleading or arguing for something
– Webster’s Online Dictionary
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Empowerment AdvocacyEmpowerment Advocacy Believe & validate Promote individual’s rights Respect confidentiality Promote safety Provide information Help individual understand “systems” Promote access to community resources Encourage self-determination
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What is the “Practice of What is the “Practice of Law”?Law”?Any service rendered involving legal knowledge or legal advice, whether of representation, counsel or advocacy in or out of court, rendered in respect to the rights, duties, obligations, liabilities, or business relations of one requiring the services.
- Ky. Supreme Court Rule 3.020
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Practicing Law includesPracticing Law includes
Giving legal adviceSpeaking on behalf of a client in court
Preparing any form or document that is filed in a court or affects a case that may be filed in court
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Balancing the RealitiesBalancing the Realities
UPL laws protect individuals rights
Victims need advocates for many reasons!
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A Few Roles of AdvocatesA Few Roles of AdvocatesProvide victims with full access to courts & legal rights through education & Navigation
Educate attorneys about the trauma and victimization
Facilitate communicationsListener & Provider of Information & Resources
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An Advocate MAY NOT:An Advocate MAY NOT:
Provide any advice relating to a person’s rights or remedies
Predict outcome of a case or particular issue
Speak on behalf of individuals in court
Complete documents for client
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Common Tests for UPLCommon Tests for UPL
Application of Law to Facts
Affecting Legal RightsClient Reliance Test
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Victim Victim AdvocateAdvocate Role In Role In Court Proceedings Court Proceedings (KRS 421.575)(KRS 421.575)
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Person - Centered Person - Centered Legal AdvocacyLegal Advocacy
List 3 issues or settings for advocacy by you or your agency
Think beyond criminal law!65DRAFT KVAA
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What is most important to the survivor?
Personal Safety Housing
Family Privacy
Work Credit
School Benefits
Health Care Immigration Status
Accountability Protecting Others
Opportunity to be heard
Changing systems66DRAFT KVAA
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Examine the Examine the PossibilitiesPossibilities Learn to “issue spot”
◦ Ask survivors about their concerns◦ Ask what they want to see happen
Understand various laws & remedies◦ Sexual harassment & bullying◦ Housing protections & benefits protections◦ Civil law suits & formal complaint procedures◦ Campus disciplinary proceedings
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Make the ConnectionsMake the Connections Consider advocacy options
◦ Remember, the advocate ‘CAN DOs’
Connect with other resources◦ Commission on Human Rights◦ Protection & Advocacy (disability rights)◦ Legal Aid Agencies & Law School Clinics◦ Private Attorneys◦ Victims Rights Law Center
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Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Advocacy Advocacy
List 3 criminal justice advocacy tasks you or your agency can do
Think beyond going to court!
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Advocacy with Advocacy with Law Enforcement OfficialsLaw Enforcement Officials
• Ask about status of the case
• Provide info about issues of concern (alcohol, prior relationship, etc.)
• Provide reminders about victims rights, available evidence, follow-up photos, etc.
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Pre-trial Advocacy Pre-trial Advocacy Tasks Tasks
Provide info about the process
Keep up to date on developments & inquire about non-developments
Discuss expectations & realities
Help victim prepare for court & testimony
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INFORMATION is POWER!INFORMATION is POWER! Focus on Empowerment Provide Information, not Advice
Maximize Use of Law Related Resources◦KY Crime Victims Bill of Rights
Handbook ( http://ag.ky.gov/victims/)◦KASAP “Professionals Guide”
Build relationships with Local Attorneys for referrals to ensure access to legal resources
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Identify how the mandatory reporting laws apply to:◦ Children◦ Spouses◦ Vulnerable adults
Learning Objectives: 1.5Learning Objectives: 1.5 Mandatory Reporting Mandatory Reporting
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Mandatory Reporting in Mandatory Reporting in Kentucky: Kentucky: Protections for Protections for Vulnerable PopulationsVulnerable Populations
Abuse or neglect of:◦Child (under 18)◦Spouse◦Adults with Disabilities
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Kentucky’s Universal Kentucky’s Universal Child Abuse & Neglect Reporting LawChild Abuse & Neglect Reporting Law
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Defining Child Abuse & Defining Child Abuse & NeglectNeglect
A child whose health or welfare is harmed or threatened when:
◦ An individual Inflicts, commits, allows, or creates a risk of physical, emotional injury, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, or prostitution.
◦ Fails or refuses to provide basic needs
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What if I am not sure?What if I am not sure?
Do you have “reasonable cause to believe”?
Failure to report is a crime
You are immune from liability for reports made in good faith
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Where to Report Child AbuseCabinet for Health & Family Services, Division of Protection & Permanency
•Local Office•Regional (Centralized) Intake•State Abuse Reporting Hotline, 1-877-KYSAFE1 or 1-877-597-2331•New e-reporting for ‘non-emergency’- ??
Kentucky State Police
Local Law Enforcement Agency
County Attorney
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What information do I give? What information do I give? Child's name, sex and approximate age Name of the person responsible for the abuse Description of the injury, neglect or threatened
harm Current location of the child Address of the child’s home, day care, and/ or
school Any immediate risk to the child OR a worker
going out to ensure the child's safety Your name & business address, unless you make
an anonymous report
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What if they won’t take the What if they won’t take the report?report?
Report to different agency
“If I am required to make it, you are required to take it.”
Ask to speak to supervisor
Family in Need of Services Referral
Other?
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Adult Abuse ReportingAdult Abuse Reporting
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Preliminary IssuesPreliminary IssuesCommon misperceptionsPurpose of reporting lawsBalance against other laws that give individuals legal rights to determine whether to report in most cases◦VAWA - Privilege◦HIPAA - Regulations
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Violence Against Women Violence Against Women ActAct
Requirement: ◦Provide SAFE Exams; No requirement to report
Purposes: ◦Provide more options for victims, ◦Increase medical treatment,◦Expand evidence collection,◦Increase reporting
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Examining Mandatory Examining Mandatory ReportingReporting No law requires reporting all rapes to police
Mandatory reporting laws are very narrow and specific
• Details are critical!
Release to police without Victim’s authorization = HIPAA violation in most cases
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Child Adult with Disabilities
Spouse
CHFS, Local or State Law
Enf.,Prosecuting
Attorney
CHFS CHFS
Note: Adult cases must be reported to CHFS. Reports can only be made to
law enforcement with client authorization.
Reports must be made to Reports must be made to proper authorityproper authority
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Adult with Adult with Disabilities Disabilities (KRS 209)(KRS 209)
“Adult” means a person 18 or older who, because of mental or physical dysfunction, is unable to manage own resources, carry out the
activity of daily living, or protect himself from neglect, exploitation, or a hazardous or abusive situation without assistance, and
who may be in need of protective services◦Note: There is no age defining “elder” abuse, instead related to independence
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KRS 209A.020 (4) (Spouse)“Adult” means a person without regard to age who is the victim of abuse or neglect inflicted by a spouse
Note: different than “domestic violence” as defined in protection order statutes
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Spouse Spouse Abuse Abuse
ReportingReporting
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Key ThoughtsKey Thoughts Only “spouse” abuse must be reported, but CHFS will accept other reports
Inform client of duty to report
Involve client if possible Discuss safety planning
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Case Study: AnthonyCase Study: Anthony
24 year old male; Admitted to Psych Unit
after suicide attempt Discloses he was
sexually abused from 6 – 10 years old by grandfather, who recently died
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Case Study: BettyCase Study: Betty
22 year old female with intellectual disability;
During unrelated visit, you notice she frequently scratches her genitals & says her “belly” hurts
When asked, she says “Daddy’s friend” has been “messing with me… it’s a secret!”
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Case Study: CandiceCase Study: Candice 20 year old college student
Seeks treatment at ED after rape by local football player
She is afraid to talk to police, but wants to get medical treatment and try to rest
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Case Study: DianeCase Study: Diane
14 year old female who is brought to the hospital by her mom (Mary)
Mary says that she thinks Diane is having sex with her 15 year-old boyfriend, Bobby, and insists that a rape exam be performed
Diane is furious and says ‘NO’
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Reporting & Reporting & PrivilegesPrivilegesProfessional privileges are not grounds for refusing to report.
Only the attorney-client and clergy-penitent privileges are grounds for not reporting.
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Internal Reporting isInternal Reporting isNOT Sufficient!NOT Sufficient!
The duty to report is an individual legal duty, which can only be fulfilled by reporting to designated authorities.
–KRS 620.040 (4) specifically prohibits internal investigations in lieu of official investigations.
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Tips for effective reporting:Tips for effective reporting:
Use terminology used by the person – DO NOT USE LEGAL TERMINOLOGY!
Report necessary demographicsState when child will leave school or adult
is likely to return to dangerous situation.Make ADDITIONAL REPORTS if
additional information becomes available
◦MAKE ALL REPORTS IMMEDIATELY!
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After a report is made:After a report is made:Reporting may be a beginning, not an end!
Victims often need more support and advocacy after a report is made.
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This Instructor Manual was produced by the Justice and Public Safety Cabinet and Western Kentucky University under 2011VFGXK004, awarded by the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this Instructor Manual are those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
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