v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&ESifhqnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme ......jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmekddifiHawmf...
Transcript of v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&ESifhqnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme ......jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmekddifiHawmf...
jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmekddifiHawmf
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(owfrSwf&ef)
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cs,fa&; pHowfrSwf csufrsm;
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yHkrsm;pm&if;
yHk(1) pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfrI tpDtpOfrsm;
yHk(2) obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m/vlrIa&;&mESihfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;pDrHcefY
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(2008-2013)
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opfawmzHk;vTrf;rI{&d,m tajymif;tvJrsm;
twdkaumuftoHk;jyKrIrsm;
ACC Agricultural Coordination Committee
AMD Agricultural Mechanization Department, MOAI
ASDP Agricultural Development Support Project
Bank World Bank
CSQA Construction Supervision and Quality Assurance
CITIES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ES Environmental Assessments
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessments
DAP Department of Agricultural Planning, MOAI
DAR Department of Agricultural Research, MOAI
DOA Department of Agriculture, MOAI
ECOP Environmental Codes of Practice
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
FS Feasibility Study
GOM Government of Myanmar
ID Irrigation Department, MOAI
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IPMP Integrated Pest Management Plan
IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan
IPPF Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework
LAAP Land Acquisition Action Plan
LRPF Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework
LUC Land User Right Certificate
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MOECAF Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry
MOAI Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan
NECCC National Environmental Conservation Coordination Committee
NPSC National Project Steering Committee
O&M Operations and Maintenance
OP Operational Policy
PCR Physical Cultural Resources
PIC Project Implementation Committee
PIM Project Implementation Manual
PMU Project Management Union
SA Social Assessment
SLRD Settlement and Land Record Department, MOAI
TOR Terms of Reference
UNFCCC United Nations Convention on Climate Change
WBG World Bank Group
WUG Water User Group
1/ aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;
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wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;udktav;xm;aqmif&GufcJhygonf/EkdifiHtwGif;½Sdtxl;
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efpD;yGm;a&;ESihfvlrIa&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrlabmif(FESR)udk2012ckESpfwGifcsrSwf
aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ FRSR t&AsL[majrmufzGHUNzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm; aqmif&Guf
&mwGifEdkifiHwGif;½Sdpkpkaygif;vlOD;a&\26%½Sdaomt<uif;rJhhcsdKUwJhEGrf;yg;rIudk201
5rwdkifrSDwGif15%txdavQmhcsEdkif&efarQmfrSef;cJhygonf/
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onfhzGHUNzdK;a&;qdkif&mMum;0ifulnDrIrsm;twGufaqmif&GufvmcJhygonf/
aus;vufa'owGifaexdkifaeonhfEkdifiHvlOD;a&\70%aomjynfolrsm;twGuf
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ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;½SdowfrSwfxm;onhfvuf½Sdqnfajrmif;pepfrsm;twGif;
oD;ESHxGufEIef;ESihf cropping intensity wdk;jr§ihf vmapa&;ESihftwl pDrHudef;twGuf
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufrnhftzGJUtpnf;rSmv,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESihf
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udkaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/pDrHudef;taejzihfowfrSwfwdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;wGifwnf½Sd
onhf vuf½Sd qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;udkjyKjyifrGrf;rHjcif;? jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;?
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þtydkif;taejzihfpHdrHudef;{&d,mtwGif;½Sdqnfajrmif;ESihfa&Ekwfajrmif;0ef
aqmifrIrsm;vdktyfcsufESihfudkufnDNyD;ydkrdktm;xm;Edkifonhfjznhfqnf;rIrsm;jzpfap
&efESihfqnfa&ay;EdkifrI{&d,myrmPwdk;yGm;apjcif;?v,f,mukefxkwfpGrf;tm;wdk;
wufjcif;ESihf upstream and downsteam a&toHk;jyKolrsm;tMum;ydkrdk aumif;rGef
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enf;vrf;rSwqifhqnfajrmif;ESihfa&Ekwfajrmif;pDrHcefYcGJrIudpö&yfrsm;udkajz½Sif;
aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/
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udkt"duxm;aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/¤if;tcsufonfa&toHk;jyKtzGJUrsm;(WUG)t
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aygif;ul;csdwfqufrIrsm;ay:xGef;a&;wdkYtwGufyHhydk;onhf(facilitators)rsm;twGuf
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qnfajrmif;ESihfa&EIwfajrmif;0efaqmifrIrsm;jznhfqnf;Edkifap&efpDrHudef;taejzihf
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a&G;cs,fxm;onhf tpDtpOf (8)ck½Sd tus,ft0ef; 40ç000ha yg0ifonhf
qnfajrmif;ESihf a&Ekwfajrmif; tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGef
a&;ESihf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGufb@ma&;yHhydk;ulnDoGm;ygrnf/
¤if;taejzihft"du Conveyance a&pD;qif;rIxdef;csKyfjcif; (flow control) ?
Ekef;wifjcif;pDrHcefYcGJrIpepfrsm;? qnfajrmif;ESihf a&EIwfajrmif;pepfrsm;\
Ekef;wifrIz,f½Sm;jcif;ESihf qnfvHkjcHKa&;jr§ihfwifonfhtpDtrHrsm; ponfwdkY
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESihf wdk;wuf aumif;rGefa&;rsm;twGuf b@ma&;yHhydk;
ulnDoGm;ygrnf/ awmifolrsm;twGuf oD;ESHpdkufysdK;jcif;udk vdktyfovdk
ajymif;vJaqmif&GufEdkifrI (cropping flexibility)? Upstream ESihf tzsm;ydkif;½Sd
awmifolrsm; tMum; ydkrdkrQwonhf a&jzefYjzL;jcif;ykHpHrsm;ESihf awmifolrsm;
tMum; tjyeftvSefrSDcdk&rI (¤if;onf xHk;wrf;tpOftvm v,fuGuf (okdY)
pdkufuGufwckESihfwcktMum; tjyeftvSefrSDcdk&rI (¤if;onf xHk;wrf; tpOf
tvmv,fuGuf (okdY) pdkufuGufwpfckESihf wpfcktMum; a& conveyance
pepfrsm;ponftcsufrsm;twGufvdktyfonhf awmifolrsm;rS pDrHcefYcGJonhf
a&pDrH cefYcGJrItajccHtaqmuftHkrsm;ESihf owfrSwfpepf (2-3)½Sd ajr,m
aumif;rGefa&;prf;oyftpDtpOfrsm;wdk;wufaumif;rGefapa&;udkvnf;þpDrHudef;
rSyHhydk;ulnDoGm;ygrnf/ tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif; qdkif&m
&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;onfa&G;cs,fxm;onfhqnfajrmif;tpDtpOfrsm;wGifOD;wnf
aqmif&Gufonhftxl;avhvmqef;ppfrIrsm;tay:tajccHaqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
¤if;wGiftjcm;t&mrsm;teufvufawGUaqmif&GufEdkifrItvm;tvmavhvmjcif;?
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsufrsm;? aumif;rGefonhf ukefus
p&dwfumrda&;enf;vrf;rsm;?pGrf;&nftuJjzwfpHowfrSwfjcif;?tpDtpOfpDrHcefYcGJrI
wdk;wufaumif;rGefjcif;tvm;tvm?ypönf;pDrHcefYcGJrIobm0ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefY
cGJrI?qnfvHkjcHKa&;ESihfa&EIwfajrmif;txl;tpDtpOfrsm;tp½SdonfwdkYyg0ifygonf/
tNyD;owftaejzihf pDrHudef; &nf&G,fowfrSwfxm;onhfqnfajrmif;ESihf
ajr,maumif;rGefa&;ae&mrsm;½Sdajr,mvkyfydkifcGihfudpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
½Sif;vif;rI½Sda&;udkvnf;txl;tav;ay;aqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/þ tydkif;onf
&nf&G,fonfhqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;½Sdyg0ifaqmif&GufcGihf½Sdaomajr,mpDrH
cefYcGJa&;vkyfief;rsm;udkyHhydk;ulnDygrnf/
CatastralajryHkrsm;topfjyKjyifjcif;ESihfdigitalajr,mrSwfwrf;rsm;zefwD;jcif;rsm;ESihf
ywfoufíEdkifiHwumtaumif;qHk;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;tay:tajccHum&nf
&G,fonhfqnfa&&Edkifaoma'orsm;twGuf digital catastral ajryHktopfrsm;
xkwfvkyfjcif;udkvnf;aqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/tqdkygajryHkrsm;tay: tajccHí
awmifolrsm;tm;ajr,mtoHk;jyKcGihfvufrSwf(LUC)topfrsm;udkxkwfay;oGm;yg
rnf/ ajr,m odrf;qnf;jcif;ESihf a&mif;0,fjcif;rsm;twGuf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk
avsmhcsay;Edkifrnhf&ydkifcGihfqdkif&mwkHYjyefajz½Sif;vG,faomajrtpdwftydkif;tcif;t
usif;tpDtpOfrsm;xkwfvkyfEdkif&ef&yf&Gmyg0ifaqmif&GufrItay:pwifíajr,mzGHU
NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOfrsm;udkEdkifiHwumtaumif;qHk;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;jzihf
aqmif&Gufygrnf/xdkYtjyifpDrHudef;taejzihfcHpm;cGihf½Sdonhfawmifolrsm;tm;ynm
ay;Edkif&ef&yf&Gmod½Sdem;vnfrIjr§ihfwifjcif;qdkif&mtpDtpOfrsm;udkyHhydk;rnfjzpfNyD;
a&mif;0,fEdkifaomajr,mtoHk;jyKcGifhrsm;jzihfaps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;rsm;aqmif&GufEdkif
&efawmifolrsm;tm;v,f,majrwefzdk;rsm;?aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;qdkif&menf;vrf;
rsm;tm;todynmay;oGm;ygrnf/&nf&G,fcsufrSmawmifolrsm;tm;ajr,ma&mif;
0,fjcif;ESihfywfoufí today;rIr½Sdaom(okdY)Ncdrfa;jcmuftusyfudkifjcif;rsm;rS
umuG,fay;&efjzpfonf/
tydkif; (2) – pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&mtMuHÓPfESihf enf;ynm0efaqmifrIrsm;
þtydkif;taejzihfv,f,mxkwfukefvkyfief;rsm;wdk;wufa&;twGuf
a&G;cs,fxm;onhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;½Sd&mNrdKUe,frsm;½Sd MOAI\enf;ynm
zGHUNzdK;a&;ESihfpdkufysdK;a&;tMuHay;0efaqmifrIrsm;wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef½SmazG
aqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/tydkif;(1)t&a&G;cs,fxm;onfhqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;
wdk;wufaumif;rGefjcif;&v'ftjzpfa&xdef;csKyfrIESihf&½SdEdkifrIrsm;wdk;wufaumif;
rGefvmrnfjzpfonf/þtydkif;(2)t&yHhydk;onhfaumif;rGefaomenf;ynmrsm;ESihf
pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;xkwfvkyfjcif;ESihfwdk;csJUjcif;rsm;onfþpDrHudef;
rsm;½Sdv,f,mpepfrsm;\pD;yGm;a&;ESihfb@ma&;awmifhwif;rIrsm;udkydkrdkaumif;rGef
apygonf/ awmifolrsm;taejzihf Cropping indensity rsm; ydkrdkaumif;rGef
ap&efaqmif&GufvmEdkifrSmjzpfovdkvufawGUjzpfEdkifonhfae&mrsm;wGifLEGUNESqD
xGufoD;ESHrsm;ESihf[if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;ponfa&toHk;jyKrIydkrdkxda&mufaomoD;ESH
rsm;udkuGJjym;pGmpdkufysdK;Edkifvmygrnf/ydkrdkaumif;rGefaomtrsdK;tpm;trsdK;rsdK;?
aumif;rGefaomrsdK;aphESihfydkrdkaumif;rGefaoma&&½SdrItajctaeay:rlwnfítqihf
jrihf"gwfajrMoZmtMuHjyKcsufrsm;\p&dwfESihftusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udkydkrdkod½Sdem;
vnfvmjcif;jzihfukefxkwfpGrf;tm;rsm;wdk;jr§ihfvmEdkifrSmjzpfovdktjcm;pdkufysdK;a&;
ESihfpufrIv,f,mvkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udktoHk;jyKEdkifvmrSmjzpfonf/tqdkygenf;
ynmrsm;onf&nf&G,fonhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;½SdpdkufysdK;a*[0ef;usiftopf
rsm;twGuftvkdufoihfajymif;vJ&efvdktyfygrnf/
þtydkif;onfenf;ynmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIESihf&nf&G,fonhfqnfajrmif;pDrH
udef;½Sdvkyfief;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGifyHhydk;ulnDrnfjzpfNyD;v,f,mukefxkwfvkyf
rIwdk;jr§ihfa&;ESihfv,f,mpepfrsm;\ukefxkwfvkyfrIp&dwf avQmhcsa&;rsm;udkvnf;
yHhydk;aqmif&Gufygrnf/¤if;taejzihfvuf½Sdtrsm;jynfolqdkif&mwdk;csJUpepfrsm;wGif
wnfaqmufrnfjzpfí¤if;wdkYrSm0efxrf;tajctaeaumif;rGefrI½Sdaomfvnf;
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI&HyHkaiG?acwfrSDenf;ynmrsm;ESihfv,f,mvkyfief;vkyfxHk;vkyf
enf;?awmifolrsm;ESihfjyefvSefqufqHa&;ponhfu@rsm;wGifvpf[mrIrsm;½Sdyg
onf/þtydkif;onftqdkygtm;enfcsufrsm;udkajz½Sif;aqmif&Gufygrnf/vkyfief;
obm0t&awmifoltajcjyKrsdK;aphqifhyGm;tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;ESihfyHhydk;rI
t*Fg&yfrsm;zGHUNzdK;a&;ESihfrsdK;aphjznhfqnf;onhfuGif;qufrsm;cdkifrmtm;aumif;ap
jcif;jzihft&nftaoG;jynhf0onfhrsdK;aphxkwfvkyfjcif; (t"dutm;jzihf pyg;? yJ
trsdK;rsdK;ESihf yk*¾vduu@rS xkwfvkyfjcif;r½Sdonhf qDxGufoD;ESHrsm;) rsm;
udkyHhydk;ulnDygrnf/¤if;taejzifhoD;ESHtrsdK;rsdK;zHGHHUNzdK;a&;?v,f,majrrsdK;aphqifhyGm;
jcif;?aumif;rGefaomrsdK;aphrsm;awmifolrsm;xHokdYjzefYjzL;jcif;ponhfvkyfief;rsm;
wdk;wufaumif;rGefapa&;aqmif&Gufygrnf/&nf&G,fonhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;
½SdajrqDvTmtrsdK;tpm;trsdK;rsdK;ESihfudkufnDonhfaumif;rGefaom"mwfajrMoZmt
oHk;jyKrIrsm;jzihfqDavsmfaomtm[m&toHk;jyKjcif;tvdkuf{uxGufEIef;ajymif;vJ
wdk;wufrIEIef;rsm;aumif;rGefvmNyD;oD;ESHtopftrsdK;rsdK;\tvm;tvmtjynhft
0jzpfxGef;atmifjrifíukefusp&dwfrsm;avsmhcsEdkifap&efarQmfrSef;xm;ygonf/ab;
tEÅ&m,ftvm;tvm½Sdonhftif;qufydk;rTm;ESihfa&m*gjzpfyGm;olrsm;aMumihfjzpf
aomoD;ESHqHk;½IH;rIrsm;udkajz½Sif;Edkif&efpDrHudef;NrdKUe,frsm;½Sdydk;rTm;erlemowfrSwf
aumuf,ljcif;&v'frsm;tay:tajccHíaygif;pyfydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrI(IPM)enf;pepf
rsm;rSwqihftrsm;jynfolusef;rma&;ESihfobm0ywf0ef;usifrsm;udkumuG,fEdkif
&efMOAIESihfawmifolrsm;\pGrf;&nfwdk;wufaumif;rGefap&efaqmif&Gufygrnf/
awmifolrsm;\vdktyfcsufrsm;?enf;ynmqdkif&muefYowfcsufrsm;?v,f,mpepf
rsm;?aps;uGuftcGihftvrf;rsm;tay:tajccHonhfaumif;rGefaompdkufysdK;a&;
tMuHay;0efaqmifrIrsm;rSwqifh&nf&G,fonhfawmifolrsm;xHokdYaumif;rGefaom
pdkufysdK;a&;enf;ynmzGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESihfv,f,mvkyfief;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;
qdkif&mydkrdkaumif;rGefonhftod ynmrsm;udkjzefYa0Edkif&efaqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
aus;&Gmwdk;csJUynma&;pifwmrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;?ydkrdkaumif;rGefonfh
enf;ynmtoHk;jyK?o½kyfjypdkufcif;rsm;xlaxmifjcif;?oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;wdk;csJU
jcif;? MOAI rSwdk;csJU0efxrf;rsm;ESihfynm½Sifrsm;\vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESifh
jzefYMuufoGm;vmrIrsm;twGufþpDrHudef;rSyHhydk;ulnDoGm;ygrnf/pDrHudef;a'o
rsm;wGifoD;ESHpdkufysdK;jcif;ESihf&dwfodrf;jcif;umvrsm;üaus;vuftvkyform;p&dwf
jrihfrm;jcif;ESihfiSm;&rf;aqmif&Gufonhftvkyform;½Sm;yg;vmonhftaxmuft
xm;rsm;awGUae&ygonf/xdkYjyifawmifolrsm;taejzihfaumuf&dwfodrf;umv
aemufydkif;qHk;½IH;rIjrihfrm;jcif;udkvnf;MuHKawGUae&ygonf/jrefrmEdkifiH½Sdtao;
pm;v,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifolrsm;\BuD;rm;onhfpdkufysdK;ajrt&G,ftpm;rsm;rSm
vnf;&nf&G,fonhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;wGiftjrwftpGef;rsm;onfhpufrIv,f
,mtwGufaumif;rGefonhftajctaeowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkzefwD;aeygonf/odkY
aomfv,f,moHk;pufypönf;toHk;jyKrIESihfywfoufíjrefrmawmifolrsm;rSm
tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;ESihfEdIif;,SOfvQifrsm;pGmaemufususef&pfaeygonf/yk*¾vdu
u@taejzihfvnf;pufrIv,f,m0efaqmifrIrsm;jznhfqnf;EdkifrI½Sm;yg;ygonf/
EkdifiHtaejzihfv,f,moHk;pufypönf;ESihftif*sifeD,mydkif;vkyfief;rsm;twGufcdkifrm
onhftoufarG;0rf;ausmif;oifwef;rsm;r½Sdyg/þtydkif;onf MOAI pufjyif
q&mrsm;twGufoifwef;rsm;?tao;pm;v,f,mvkyfief;pepfrsm;twGufoihf
awmfonhf&moDOwkESihfudkufnDaomenf;ynmtopfrsm;prf;oyfjcif;?o½kyfjyjcif;
?&nf&G,fonhfqnfajrmif;pepfrsm;wGifpufrIv,f,m0efaqmifrIrsm;jznfhqnf;
jcif;ponfvkyfief;rsm;tm;yHhydk;ulnDoGm;ygrnf/acwfrSDoifwef;enf;pepfrsm;?
ypönf;rsm;?tqihfjrihfjyKjyifa&;tvkyf½Hkrsm;jzihfrEÅav;wdkif;a'oBuD;twGif;½SdrdwåD
vmpufrIv,f,moifwef;pifwm\pGrf;&nftqihfjr§ihfwifjcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk
aqmif&Guf&efMOAIpufrIv,f,m0efaqmifrIpcef;rsm;½Sd0efxrf;rsm;?awmifolrsm;
ESihfyk*¾vduu@rsm;twGufydkrdkíaumif;rGefonhfoifwef;rsm;jznhfqnf;ay;oGm;
ygrnf/ xdkYjyifpDrHudef;a'orsm;½Sd MOAI pufrIv,f,m 0efaqmifrIpcef;
(4)ckESihfywfoufípufypönf;ypönf;rsm;yHhydk;jznhfqnf;ay;jcif;?a&G;cs,fxm;onhf
a&TUajymif;jyKjyifa&;tvkyf½Hkrsm;jznhfqnf;jcif;?yk*¾vduu@ESihfyl;aygif;í
&moDOwkESihfudkufnDonhfpufrIv,f,menf;ynmrsm;tm;awmifolrsm;xHokdY
a&muf½Sdap&efjr§ihfwifjcif;?yljyif;ajcmufaoGUonhfa'orsm;½Sdtao;pm;v,f,m
vkyfief;pepfrsm;twGufoihfawmfonhfp&dwfoufomaom0efaqmifrIrsm;jznhf
qnf;jcif;?awmifolrsm;twGufoifwef;rsm;jznhfqnf;jcif;ponfjzihf
yHhydk;ulnDoGm;ygrnf/
tydkif; (3) – pDrHudef;nd§EdIif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJrI
MOAI wGif pDrHudef; pDrHcefYcGJrI,lepf (PMU)udkzGJUpnf;ygrnf/ ¤if;wGif
enf;ynmqdkif&mESihfb@mxdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m MOAI 0efxrf;rsm;tm; ¤if; wkdY
\oufqdkif&mtaumiftxnfazmfa&;Xmersm;rS PMU okdY tcsdefjynhf pepf
jzihfa&TUajymif;wm0efxrfa;qmifapygrnf/ axmufyHhydkYaqmifa&;? b@ma&;&m
pDrHcefYcGJrI?ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrI?tzGJUtpnf;twGif;ESihfjyifypm&if;
ppfaq;jcif;? pDrHudef;ppfaq;tuJjzwfpepf (M&E) xlaxmifjcif; ponfwdkY
tygt0ifpDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihf b@mxdef;odrf;jcif;rsm;twGuf
vTrf;jcHK nd§EdIif;qmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk PMU rS wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
MOAI \taumiftxnfazmfjcif;qdkif&m pGrf;aqmif&nf vdktyffcsuf½Sdonhf
ae&mrsm;wGifjyifyynm½Sifrsm;udkiSm;&rf;toHk;jyKoGm;ygrnf/ M&E pepfxl
axmifjcif;?pDrHcefYcGJrIowif;tcsuftvufrsm;xlaxmif jcif;? qufEG,fonhf
enf;ynmqdkif&m (TA) tMuHay; 0efaqmifrIrsm;? qufoG,fa&;ESihf tMuHjyK
aqG;aEG;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;?jyifyrSiSm;&rf;toHk;jyKonhf0efxrf;vpmrsm;?qufpyf½Hk;
oHk;ypönf;ESihfjzefYMuufoGm;vmrIrsm;ponhfvkyfief;rsm;tm;aiGaMu;yHhydk;oGm;yg
rnf/
tydkif;(4) ta&;ay:tajctaeqdkif&m b@ma&;&mrsm;
þ(okntpdwftydkif;)tydkif;\OD;wnfcsufrSmqdk;&Gm;onhfobm0ab;&ef
tajctaersm;jzpfyGm;NyD;aemufydkif;ta&;ay:jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;ESihfjyef
vnfxlaxmifa&;rsm;aqmif&Guf&eftjcm;tydkif;rsm;?acs;aiGrsm;udkvsifjrefpGmjyef
vnfcGJa0csxm;toHk;jyKEdkif&efjzpfonf/jrefrmEdkifiHta&;ay:tajctaejyefvnf
xlaxmifa&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;twGufvdktyfonhfypönf;rsm;pm&if;ESihftao;pdwf
vkyfief;rsm;?ukefypönf;^0efaqmifrIrsm;?ta&;ay:tajctaeaqmif&GufrIp&dwf
rsm;ponfwkdYESihfywfoufítrsm;jynfolESihfyk*¾vduu@ukefusp&dwfrsm;tm;
þtydkif;rSaiGaMu;yHhydk;oGm;ygrnf/þtydkif;twGufta&;ay:tajctaeajz½Sif;
aqmif&GufrIvkyfief;vrf;ñTef;udktoHk;jyKrnfjzpfNyD;b@ma&;pDrHcefYcGJrIaxmufyHh
ydkYaqmifa&;?ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihftjcm;vdktyfaomtaumiftxnfazmfa&;tpD
tpOfrsm;ESihfywfoufí tao;pdwfyg0ifygonf/
2/ pDrHudef;jcHKiHkoHk;oyfcsuf
2.1/ pDrHudef;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESihf tMuHK;0ifrI
tqdkjyKpDrHudef;taejzihf&nf&G,fonfhajrqGJtm;qnfajrmif;owfrSwfcsuf
abmifrsm;(aemufqufwGJ(1)wGifae&ma&G;cs,fa&;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;tao;pdwf
udkazmfjyxm;ygonf/)\ta&twGufESihft&G,ftpm;qdkif&maysmhajymif;vG,ful
aoma&G;cs,fowfrSwfjcif;aqmif&GufEkdifrnhftqihfqihfaqmif&GufrIenf;vrf;udk
toHk;jyKygrnf/ a&G;cs,fpDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;udk ao;i,fí
enf;ynmt&½Sif;vif;vG,fulonhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;jzihfpwif&eft
MuHjyKxm;ygonf/ tqdkyg ueOD;prf;oyftpDtpOf a'orsm;rS tawGUtMuHK
oifcef;pmrsm;&½Sdvmygu wjznf;jznf;csif; ydkrdkBuD;rm;onhfpepfrsm; (okdY)
ydkrdk½IyfaxG;onhfpepfrsm;okdYqufvuft½Sdefjr§ihfaqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
½IyfaxG;rIrsm;\yrmPrSmjrefrmEdkifiH\twdwfumv a&GUajymif;rIudpö&yfrsm;ESihf
qufEG,faerIrsm;aMumihftqdkygtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udkajz½Sif;&rnhfukefusp&dwfrsm;
rSmpDrHudef;\wdkuf½dkuftusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;xufrsm;pGmausmfvGefEdkifzG,f½Sdygonf/pD
rHudef;taejzifhvlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuf(SA)t&BuD;rm;onfhajr,mtjiif;yGg;rI&Sd
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tu,fípyfrsdK;aphESihf tyifypönf;rsm;tm; wifoGif;&ef½Sdygu The Plant Pest
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tajctaepDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOf a&;qGJaqmif&Gufjcif;
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wm0efay;rIrsm;tm;jznhfqnf;&ygrnf/¤if;wdkYtaejzihfatmufygvkyfief;rsm;udk
vnf; wm0ef,l aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
(1) vkyfief;tpDtpOft&axmuf^ydkYvkyfief;rsm;tpysdK;aqmif&Gufjcif;?
PMUokdYenf;ynmqdkif&mowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihfTORs
rsm;jznfhqnf;jcif;?tuJjzwfaumfrwD\tzGJGJU0iftjzpf aqmif&Gufjcif;/
(2) ¤if;wdkY\oufqdkif&mvkyfief;aiGpm&if;rsm;? c½dkiftqihfaiGpm&if;rsm;\
&HyHkaiGrsm;jznfhqnf;jcif;?Mum;umvpm&if;ppfrppf&ao;aomb@m
a&;tpD&ifcHpm(IFRs)rsm;pkpnf;Edkif&ef PMU tm;b@ma&;qdkif&m
tcsuftvufrsm;jznhfqnf;ay;jcif;/
(3) oufqdkif&mvkyfief;tydkif;rsm;ESihfvkyfief;rsm;\ESpfpOfvkyfief;tpDtpOf
rsm; jyifqifjcif;? pDrHudef; aygif;pyftpD&ifcHjcif;twGuf PMU tm;
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESihf tñTef;udef;rsm;jznhfqnf; ay;jcif;/
ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/vufawGUvkyfief;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;
tm;oufqkdif&mNrdKUe,ftqihf0efxrf;rsm;rSA[dktqihf wdkif;a'oBuD;tqihf
c½dkiftqihfudpö&yftvdkuf uRrf;usifynm½SiftzGJUrsm; (SMS)\ BuD;MuyfrIESihf
enf;ynmqdkif&myHhydk;rIrsm;jzihfaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/okdYaomfqnfajrmif;jyefvnfxl
axmifa&; vkyfief;rsm;udkrl ID rS wdkuf½dkufaqmif&Gufygrnf/
pDrHudef;tydkif;(4)twGuftaumiftxnfazmfa&;tpDtpOfrsm;(ta&;ay:
tajctaeb@ma&;&m)tao;pdwfudkoufqdkif&mvkyfief;vrf;ñTefwGifazmfjy
xm;ygonf/tqdkygvkyfief;vrf;ñTefonf þtydkif;\ aiG vTJajymif;rIqdkif&m
owfrSwfcsufwckjzpfygonf/ PMU onf pDrHudef;wdk;wufrItajctaetm;
oabmwlnDxm;onhfpGrf;aqmif&nfqdkif&mtñTef;udef;rsm;jzihfavhvmppfaq;
ygrnf/tñTef;udef;rsm;twGufvdktyfonhftcsuftvufrsm;tm; PIU rSpkpnf;
rnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;onf oufqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;\ enf;ynmqdkif&m wdk;wufrI
tajctaersm;udk avhvmppfaq;&ef wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ pDrHudef;\
M & E pepfonf pDrHudef;tydkif; (3)ckvHk;½Sd pDrHudef; taumif
txnfazmfrItajctaersm;? xGufukefrsm;? &v'frsm;? oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;
apmihfMunhfppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;tm;t"duxm;aqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf/
taumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;PMUtaejzihfpDrHudef;wdk;wufrItajctae
avhvmppfaq;&efESihf pDrHudef;tñTef;udef;rsm;tm; update aqmif&Guf &ef
owfrSwf0efxrf;rsm;tm;ac:,l? cefYtyfaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ (3)vywf
wdk;wufrItpD&ifcHpm (QPR)rsm;udk (3)vywfNyD;qHk;í (45)&uftwGif;
urÇmhbPfokdY jznfhqnf;wifjy&ygrnf/ ¤if; QPR rsm;wGif pDrHudef;taumif
txnfazmfrItajctae updates rsm;? ta&;ygonhf pGrf;aqmif&nf
tñTef;udef;rsm;ESihfywfoufonhf up-to-date tcsuftvufrsm;? b@ma&;ESihf
axmuf^ydkYtcsuftvufrsm;?uefx½dkufavhvmppfaq;rIrsm;ponfwdkYyg0ifyg
onf/
urÇmhbPftaejzihf MOAI ESihfyl;wGJí vkyfief;pGrf;&nf tñTef;udef;
rsm;t&pDrHudef;tajctaetm;tuJjzwfppfaq;&efumvv,f oHk;oyfcsuf
(MTR)tm;aqmif&Gufygrnf/tqdkygoHk;oyfcsufwGifatmufygwdkY ESihfywfoufí
tuJjzwfcsufrsm; yg0ifygonf/
(1) pDrHudef; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;qdkif&m a,bl,swdk;wufrI
(2) M &E vkyfief;&v'frsm;ESihf tusdK;oufa&mufrItuJjzwfjcif;
(3) axmuf^ykdY? aiGvTJESihf b@ma&;pDrHcefYcGJrI tajctaersm;
(4) obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcGJrIrlabmif
(ESMF)taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufrI tajctae
(5) taumiftxnfazmfa&;tpDtpOfrsm;
(6) vkyfief;pGrf;&nfwdk;wufaumif;rGefap&efpDrHudef;udkufnd§rIESihf&efyHkaiG
jyefvnfcGJa0csxm;rItwGufvdktyfcsufrsm;ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/
tenf;qHk;umvv,ftpD&ifcHrwdkifrSD(3)vtcsdeftwGif;PMUonf
aemufqHk;tajctae&v'ftñTef;udef;rsm;?pDrHudef;ukefusp&dwfESihfaiGvTJ
ajymif;rIcefYrSef;ajcrsm;?NyD;pD;aqmif&GufrItpDtpOfrsm;yg0ifonhf
pDrHudef;wdk;wufrItpD&ifcHpmudk urÇmhbPfokdY jznhfqnf;wifjy&ygrnf/
tqdkygtpD&ifcHpmtm; urÇmh bPfESihf NPSC wdkYrS oHk;oyfppfaq;í
PMU tm; vdktyfonhf tpDtpOfrsm;aqmif&GufEdkif&ef yHhydk;ulnDoGm;yg
rnf/
yHk (1) pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfrI tpDtpOfrsm;
PMUonfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mynm½Sif(2)OD;jzihfab;uif;vHk
jcHKa&;XmepdwfudkzGJUpnf;&ygrnf/¤if;Xmepdwfonfatmufygvkyfief;rsm;tm;BuD;
Muyfwm0ef,laqmif&Guf&ygrnf/vufawGUaqmif&GufEkdifrIavhvmjcif;wGifo
bm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;twGuf yg0if&rnhf TORs rsm;tm;
ppfaq;? pDppf? jyifqifjcif;/ IDwGif a&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;onhf pDrHudef;
vkyfief;cGJrsm;tm;tao;pdwfpDppfppfaq;jcif;?ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; ud&d,mrsm;ESihf
oD;jcm; (third party)0efaqmifrI tzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGuf TORs rsm;jyif
qifjcif;?pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJrsm;twGufab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;\t&nft
aoG;xdef;odrf;jcif;ESihfoHk;oyfjcif;?avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufrIaemufqufwGJaqmif&GufrIrsm;ponfwdkYjzpfyg
onf/
3/pDrHudef;t&obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;ajz½Sif;
aqmif&Gufjcif;
pDrHudef;vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;rsm;
pDrHudef;taejzihfatmufygwdkYESihfpyfvsOf;ípDrHudef;&if;EDS;jr§KyfESHrItvm;t
vmrsm;twGuf EMP ESihftwl ESIA tygt0if tao;pdwf vufawGU
aqmif&GufEdkifrIavhvmjcif;? aqmufvkyfa&;rsm; BuD;Muyfaqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf
yHkpHrsm;ponfwdkYtwGuf aiGaMu;yHhydk;ygonf/
- vuf½Sdyifr Conveyance jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;? pD;qif;rIxdrf;csKyfjcif;?
Ekef;wifrIpDrHcefYcGJjcif;pepfrsm;?qnfajrmif;ESihfa&Ekwfajrmif;Ekef;wifrIuif;
½Sif;a&;pepfrsm;
- v,f,majra&pDrHcefYcGJrItajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;ESihf
a&G;cs,fxm;onhfpepf 2-3ck½Sd prf;oyfajr,mzGHUNzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;
- qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKrIwdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;tpDtpOfrsm;jy|mef;jcif;?
avhvmppfaq;a&;ud&d,mrsm;ESihfcsdKU,Gif;csufrsm;jyefvnfaumif;rGefa&;
vkyfief;rsm;
qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGufwnfaqmufa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;onfpepfwckcsif;pDtwGufuGJjym;rI½SdrnfjzpfNyD;vufawGUaqmif&GufEdkifrI
avhvmcsufNyD;aemufrSomvQif tao;pdwfazmfjyEkdifygrnf/ a,bl,stm;jzihf
Primary ESihf Secondary wl;ajrmif;ESihfywfoufonhfvkyfief;rsm;wGif Ekef;
z,f½Sm;jcif;? wm? wrHrsm;cdkifrmtm;aumif;apjcif; (ajrwdkufpm;jcif;ESihf
avQmapmif;rwnfNidrfjcif;rsm;&efrSumuG,f&ef)udktumtuG,f lining rsm; jznhf
qnf;jcif;? Structures ESihf gate rsm;jyifqifjcif;ponfh vkyfief;rsm;jzihf
aqmif&Gufjcif;ponfwdkYyg0ifygonf/vkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;onfvuf½Sdwl;ajrmif;
pepfrsm;wGifomuefYowfaqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD;wl;ajrmif;topfrsm;aqmufvkyf
jcif;yg0ifrnfr[kwfyg/tcsdKUaomae&mrsm;wGif a&Ekwfajrmif; wl;ajrmif;rsm;
½Sif;vif;jcif;?a&BuD;a&vQHrIrsm;rjzpfap&efESihfqnfajrmif;wl;ajrmif;rsm;okdYEkef;0if
a&mufrIrsm;r½Sdap&efaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;½Sdygrnf/tertiarypepfrsm;(a&pD;aMumif;yrm
PESihfatmufzufawmifolpDrHcefYcGJpepfrsm;)wGifa&pD;aMumif;rsm;oefY½Sif;a&;vkyf
ief;rsm;yg0ifEdkifNyD;tu,fíawmifolrsm;qE´½SdygutcsdKUaomv,f,majrwl;
ajrmif;wdk;csJUjcif;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/rlt&vkyfief;rsm;tm;awmif
olrsm;udk,fwdkifaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfNyD;IDrSyHhydk;rIrsm;jznfhqnf;ay;&ygrnf/ajr
,mzGHUNzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOfESihfywfoufí awmifolrsm;^ ajrydkif½Sifrsm;ESihf
OD;pGmtao;pdwfoabmwlnDcsuf&½Sd&efvdktyfygonf/arQmfrSef;xm;onhfvkyfief;
rsm;wGifwl;ajrmif;rsm;? a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm;ESihf v,f,majrtoHk;jyKvrf;rsm;
csdefnd§jcif;ponfwdkY yg0ifygonf/ Structures ydkif;taejzihf ao;i,f onhf
ajratmufydkufvdkif;rsm;? v,f,majrwHwm;rsm;ESihf tcsdKUae&mrsm;wGif Water
division boxes rsm;yg0ifygonf/
tqdkjyKqnfab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;wdk;wufaqmif&GufrIESifhjyKjyifa&;vkyfief;
rsm;wGif atmufygwdkYyg0ifygonf/
u/ wmwrHudk,fxnfydkif;
(i) See page control twGuf upstream blanket wyfqifjcif;
(ii) Glly wdkufpm;jcif;ESifh a&pdrfhayguf(sinlhole) rsm; jyifqifjcif;/
(iii) TOE drainage rsm; jyifqifjcif;?Drainage qifajcavQmrsm;
jyKjyifjcif;? xyfaqmif; relief well rsm; wyfqifjcif;
(iv) wmwrHrsufESmjyifumuG,fa&; wdk;wufaumif;rGefapjcif; (granular
fills rsm;jzifh crest rsm; tygt0if) wyfqifjcif;
(v) piezometerESifh rsufESmjyifwdkif;wmonfh beacons rsm;? weirs
wdkif;wmonfh seepage rsm; wyfqifjcif;
c/ spillway
(u) weirESifh line chutesrsm;\ pGrf;&nfwdk;wufaumif;rGefapjcif;/
(c) spillway chutes rsm;? ab;eH&Hrsm;ESifh baffle blocks rsm; jyifqifjcif;/
*/ a&avSmifuefrsm;twGif; txl;ojzifh intake rsm;ESifh spillway rsm;
teD;tem;&Sd Ekef;wifrI pDrHcefYcGJa&; vkyfief;rsm;
C/ qnfwnf&Sd&mae&mrsm;odkY oGm;vmonfhvrf;rsm;jyifqifjcif;/
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKrIqdkif&mjyKjyifa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuftNyD;owfqHk;
jzwfcsufonfenf;ynmqdkif&mvufawGUaqmif&GufEdkifrIavhvmcsuf&v'frsm;t
ay:wGif rlwnfygonf/
vGwfvyfrI&Sdaom qnfab;uif;vHkNcHKa&; tuJjzwfcsuf&Sd qnfrsm;\
cdkifrmtm;aumif;rItwGuftjcm;tBuHjyKcsufrsm;wGifatmufygwdkYyg0ifygonf/
- trSefwu,fEkef;wifrIEIef;tm;tuJjzwfEdkif&efbathymetricavhvmrIaqmif
&Gufjcif;
- tenf^Ekef; wl;azmfjcif;
- (1) ESihf (2)wdkYrS&½Sdvmonhf &v'frsm;udk tajccHí qnf\
oufwrf;Mum½SnfcHEdkif&ef oufa&muf {&d,m Ekef;wifrI pDrHcefYcGJjcif;
rsm;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;
- ,dkpdrfhrIESifhseepagewdkif;wmrIrsm;twGufud&d,mydkif;qdkif&mrsm;jyifqif
jcif;ESihf ppfaq;a&;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;wyfqifjcif; (benchmarks, Piezometers
ESihf “V” notches)
- vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESifh jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&; (O & M) tpDtpOfESifh
ta&;ay: tajctae jyifqifxm;&SdrItpDtpOf(EPP)
- tjcm; (qnf\ toe {&d,mESihf tuefYtowfrsm;?a&pD;aMumif; atmuf
zufavQmapmif;rsm;½Sd tyifrsm; ESihf csHKrsm;tm; ½Sif;vif;jcif;)
3.4 pDrHudef;\obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&m oufa&muf rItvm;
tvmrsm;
þae&mwGifpDrHudef;\oufa&mufrIavhvmqef;ppfjcif;taejzihfpDrHudef;
{&d,mrsm;½Sdobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mtajctaersm;\a,bl,stcsuf
tvufrsm;tm;&½SdtokHk;jyKEdkifrIrSmtuefYtowf½SdNyD;tqdkjyKpDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;
\a,bl,sod½SdNyD;oufa&mufrIrsm;\tcsuftvufrsm;om&½SdtoHk;jyKEdkifyg
onf/ okdYaomf ESMF jyifqifa&;umvtwGif; Consultant rsm;rS trsm; yg0if
EdkifrI½SdaomtuJjzwfcsufyHkpHudktoHk;jyKcJhNyD;(Oyrm–aus;&GmtqihftuJjzwfcsuf၊
vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuf?t&eftcsuftvuf&½SdrIrsm;)þtqihfwGiftqdkjyKpDrH
udef;vkyfief;rsm;\obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mt&tvm;tvm½Sdonhfa,
bl,soufa&mufrIrsm;udkem;vnfEdkif&efaqmif&GufcJhygonf/ae&mtvdkufouf
a&mufrIrsm;(wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;rp wifrSD aqmif&GufaepOfESihf
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItawmtwGif;)tm;qef;ppfavhvmjcif;udkvufawGUaqmif
&GufEdkifrIavhvmjcif;ESihftao;pdwfyHkpHjyKjcif;tqihftawmtwGif;aqmif&Gufrnf
jzpfNyD;oufqdkif&m ESIAs, ECoPs ESihftjcm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; ud&d,m
rsm;wGifvdktyfovdkyg0ifygrnf/tMuHjyKxm;onhf pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm; twGuf
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&ma,bl,soufa&mufrIrsm;udkatmufwGifazmfjy
xm;ygonf/
3.3 tjyKoabm (tusdK;)oufa&mufrIrsm;
tqkdjyKpDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;taejzihfaumif;rGefaomyHkpHESihfuwdu0wf
aqmif&GufrIrsm;½Sdygutpm;tpmzlvHkrIwdk;wufaumif;rGefjcif;?tdrfaxmifpk0ifaiG
rsm;wdk;wufjcif;?aumif;rGefonhfaomufoHk;a&ESihfrdv’mpep frsm;toHk;jyKEdkifjcif;
aMumihfusef;rma&;tajctaewdk;wufaumif;rGefvmjcif;?aus;vuftvkyftudkif
tcGihftvrf;rsm;zefwD;Ekdifjcif;?a&vTrf;rdk;rIxdef;csKyfjcif;rsm;ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmjcif;
?a'owGif; pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIwGif qwdk;tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;ESihf
a&pDrHcefYcGJrIydkrdkaumif;rGefjcif;ponhfaumif;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udkjzpfapyg
onf/jrefrmEkdifiH\pkpkaygif;vlOD;a&rSmcefYrSef;ajc52oef;cefY½SdíESpftvdkufvlOD;
a&BuD;xGm;EIef;rSm1%cefY½Sdygonf/jrefrmEdkifiH½Sdwdk;yGm;vmonfh vlOD;a&twGuf
tpm;tpmavmufiSrI½Sdap&efv,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ukefxkwfvkyfrItm;wdk;jr§ihfEdkif
&eftxl;vdktyfaeygonf/tem*gwfwdk;yGm;vmrIrsm;twGufv,f,majryrmP
rSmtuefYtowf½SdaernfjzpfaomaMumihfpdkufysdK;a&;ukefxkwfvkyfrIwdk;jr§ihf&efrSm
t½SdefjrihfpdkufysdK;a&;(intensification)aqmif&Guf&efta&;BuD;ygonf/pDrHudef;aus;&Gm
rsm;wGifvuf½Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;aMumihfpdkufysdK;a&;ukefxkwfvkyfrIodompGmwdk;
jr§ihfvmaMumif;avhvmod½Sd&ygonf/tu,fítqdkjyKpDrHudef;tm;jzihfqnfwl;
ajrmif;wavQmufo,f,lykdYaqmifonhfa&xda&mufaumif;rGefvmygupyg;pdkuf
ysdK;onhf{&d,mrsm;omrupyg;{uxGufEIef;rsm;vnf;wdk;yGm;vmygrnf/pDrHudef;
{&d,mrsm;rSmjrefrmEkdifi\txufydkif;ESihftv,fydkif;a'orsm;wGifwnf½Sdjcif;
aMumihfqefpyg;xkwfvkyfrIwdk;jr§ihfjcif;onfa'owGif;tpm;tpmyHhydk;rItwGufrsm;
pGmtaxmuftuljzpfaprnhftjyifpyg;pdkufysdK;EdkifrItuefYtowf½SdNyD;jrefrmEdkifiH
atmufydkif;a'orsm;rSpyg;udk0,f,lío,f,lykdYaqmifp&dwfjrihfrm;onhftxuf
ydkif;a'orsm;twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljzpfapygonf/
vuf½Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\&v'ftjzpfpDrHudef;aus;&Gmrsm;½Sdawmif
oltdrfaxmifpkrsm;\ESpfpOf0ifaiGrSmwkd;yGm;vmaMumif;od½Sd&ygonf/¤if;wdk;yGm;
vmrIonfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumihfxd
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olrsm;taejzihfaps;uGuftvm;tvmtay:rlwnfíoD;ESHwrsdK;rStjcm;wrsdK;odkY
ajymif;vJpdkufysdK;Edkifygrnf/Oyrm – yJtrsdK;rsdK;oD;ESHrsm;twGuf jrefrmEdkifiH
wGiftcuftcJrsm;pGmr½SdbJjynfywefydkYaps;uGufrSmaumif;pGmtajccdkifaeNyD;jzpfyg
onf/tu,fíawmifolrsm;taejzihfvGwfvyfpGmoD;ESHrsm;a&G;cs,fpdkufysdK;cGifh½Sd
vmygua'ocHawmifolrsm;taejzihfoihfawmfonfhoD;ESHpdkufysdK;rIyHkpHrsm;udkt
vdkufoihfajymif;vJaqmif&GufEdkifvmygrnf/þtqdkjyKpDrHudef;jzihfpdkufysdK;a&;wdk;
csJUvkyfief;rsm;cdkifrmtm;aumif;vmyguqufEG,fonhfab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&mpDrHc
efYcGJjcif;ESihfywfoufíawmifolrsm;\vkyfief;pGrf;&nfwdk;jr§ihfaumif;rGefvmapyg
onf/
tylydkif;a'orsm;(jrefrmEdkifiHtv,fydkif;a'orsm;)½Sda&vHkavmufrIr½Sdjcif;
rsm;aMumihfaumif;rGefonhfrdv’mpepftoHk;jyK&eftcuftcJrsm;½Sdygonf/
tusdK;quftjzpfa&aMumihfjzpfonhfa&m*gydk;rTm;rsm;\'PfaMumihfjynfolYusef;
rma&;tajctaeqdk;0g;rIrsm;½SdcJhNyD; touf (5)ESpfatmuf uav;rsm;tMum;
aoaysmufEIef;jrihfrm;onhf a&m*g (5)rsdK;teuf wrsdK;tygt0ifjzpfcJhygonf/
tqdkjyKpDrHudef;taejzihf&yf&Gmrsm;okdYaomufoHk;a&jznhfqnf;ay;a&;&nf&G,f
aqmif&Gufjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;ajrjyifa&yrmPjr§ihfwufvmjcif;aMumihft&if
uxuf a&wGif;? a&uefrsm;rS a&ydkrdktoHk;jyKEdkifvmjcif;aMumihf vuf½Sd
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;r½Sdaomaus;&Gmrsm;rStdrfaxmifpkrsm;twGuf(tenf;qHk;?tdrf
oHk;a&tjzpf) a&toHk;jyKEkdifrI wkd;yGm;vmaMumif;awGU½Sd&ygonf/
pDrHudef;aus;&Gmrsm;wGif vuf½Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;wGif tMuHK;r0ifonhf
aus;&Gmrsm;xufjyifya'orsm;okdYtvkyftudkif½SmazG&efa&TUajymif;oGm;vmrIenf;
yg;aMumif;awGU½Sd&ygonf/pDrHudef;aus;&Gmtrsm;pk½Sdtenf;qHk;oD;ESH(2)oD;pdkuf
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wGufv,f,mvkyfom;rsm;ydkrdkvdktyfavh½Sdygonf/¤if;rSmtcsdefjynhftvkyfrsdK;r
[kwfaomfvnf;tcsdKUaus;&Gmrsm;½Sdajr,mrJhjynfoltrsm;pktwGufodomonhf
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rsm;wGiftqkdjyKpDrHudef;tm;jzihft½Sdefjr§ihfpdkufysdK;a&;aqmif&GufEdkifonfESihftrQ
vuf½Sdtajctaexufaus;vuftvkyftudkiftcGihftvrf;rsm;zefwD;EdkifrIonf
qufvufaumif;rGefwdk;yGm;vmrnf[k ,lqEkdif ygonf/
qGmqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rSvGJívuf½Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;twGuftoHk;
jyKonhfjrpf^acsmif;rsm;rSmobm0tm;jzihf&moDtvkdufjzpfípdkpGwf&moDrsm;t
wGif;rdk;onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;ygurdk;a&aMumihfa&BuD;^a&vQHrIvu©Pm&yfrsm;½SdMu
ygonf/¤if;tcsufonfa&pD;aMumif;atmufzuf½SdpdkufysdK;ajrrsm;?vlaexdkifrIESihf
tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;udkjyif;xefonhfysufpD;rIjzpfapygonf/tqdkygacsmif;
rsm;wGifqnfrsm;wnfaqmufNyD;pD;onfESihfwNydKifeufonf;xefonhfrdk;a&pD;
qif;rItm;qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a&avSmifuefjzihfodrf;,lEdkifNyD;a&pD;aMumif;
atmufydkif;okdYpD;qif;rIudkxdef;csKyfEdkifygonf/odkYjzihfqnfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrI
rsm;aumif;pGmpDrHcefYcGJEdkifoa&GUa&pD;aMumif;atmufydkif;a'orsm;½SdysufpD;rIrsm;udk
oufomaprSmjzpfonf/
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\teD;tem;½SdNrdKUrsm;wGifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wdk;
yGm;vmaMumif;awGU½Sd&ygonf/pdkufysdK;a&;ukefxkwfvkyfief;rsm;wkd;yGm;vmjcif;
ESihftwlvkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;?aps;uGufwifydkYjcif;ESihfpdkufysdK;a&; xGufukefrsm;
o,f,lykdYaqmifjcif;vkyfief;rsm;ydkrdk½Sifoeftouf0ifvmNyD;tqdkyga'owGif
aumif;pGmvkyfief;vnfywfrI½Sdapygonf/awmifolrsm;\0,f,lEdkifrIpGrf;&nfwdk;
jr§ihfvmjcif;onfvnf;aus;&GmtwGif;ESihfteD;teD;NrdKUrsm;½Sdtjcm;ukefypönf;ESihf
0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;vmap&efyhHydk;rIjzpfapygonf/,if;odkYwdk;
wufrIrsm;onftqdkjyKpDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;atmifjrifpGmt၏aumiftxnfazmf
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qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;pDrHcefYcGJrIESihfywfoufítwdwfumvwGif
vlrIEdkifiHa&;tcuftcJrsm;aMumihfjynfolrsm;\aqmif&GufrIrSmtcGihftvrf;rom
cJhyg/okdYjzpfíawmifolrsm;yg0ifaqmif&GufrItuefYtowf½SdcJhNyD;qnfa&aomuf
{&d,mESihfqnfa&ay;EdkifrI{&d,mtcsdK;tpm;t&qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;\xd
a&mufaumif;rGefrIusqif;cJhygonf/tqdkjyKpDrHudef;onftrsm;yg0ifaqmif&Guf
Edkifonhfqnfajrmif;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIrsm;udkjr§ihfwifrnfjzpfaomaMumihfydkrdkdxd
a&mufaumif;rGefonhfa&t&if;tjrpfpDrHcefYcGJrIrsm;twGuftcsuftvufjynhfpHkod
½SdonhfqHk;jzwfaqmif&GufrIvkyfief;pOfrsm;rSmyGihfvif;jrifompGmESihfwm0efcHrI½SdpGm
aqmif&GufEkdifvmygonf/ Stakeholder rsm;tm;vHk;\ yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;
rsm;\ydkrdkaumif;rGefaoma&t&if;tjrpfpDrHcefYcGJjcif;rsm;twGuft½Sdefjr§ihfaqmif
&Gufjcif;ESihftawGUtMuHKoifcef;pmrsm;rStwk,laqmif&Gufjcif;tm;jzihftrsm;yg
0ifaqmif&Gufonhfqnfajrmif;pDrHcefYcGJrIrsm;\atmifjrifrIonfvufawGUjzpf
xGef;Edkif&ef tvm;tvm½Sdonf/
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jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif; (okdY) tao;pm;wnfaqmufjcif;
vuf½Sdqnfajrmif;pepfrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGufaqmufvkyfa&;
vkyfief;rsm;\twdkif;twmtcsdefumvESihftxl;ojzihfqnfrsm;?qufEG,ftajccH
taqmufttHkrsm;ESihftaxmuftyHht*Fg&yfrsm;rSmavmavmq,fwGifrod½SdEdkif
ao;yg/ qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\ tao;pm; (okdY) tv,ftvwftqihf
wdkuf½dkuf½kyfyfdkif;qdkif&moufa&mufrIrsm;taejzihfausmufusif;rsm;ESihfajrusif;
rsm;toHk;jyKjcif;ESihfzGihfvSpfjcif;? batch plants rsm;twGufae&mrsm;? vkyfief;
cGifwJrsm;?ypönf;ud&d,mxm;½Sdonhf{&d,mrsm;yg0ifEdkifNyD;toHk;jyKvrf;rsm;vnf;
vdktyfvmygonf/(tqkdjyKqnfwpfck½Sdvkyfief;rsm;uJhokdY)qnfrsm;ESihfa&avSmif
uefrsm;twGuftqdkjyKvkyfief;tcsdKUtwGufwl;azmfjcif;rsm;vnf;vdktyfvmyg
onf/
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a&;qdkif&moufa&mufrIrsm;½SdEdkifNyD;txl;ojzihfqufpyfrIrsm;wGifavxknpfnrf;
jcif;?zkef?qlnHoHrsm;? wkefcgrIrsm;? oGm;vmtoHk;jyKrI tuefYtowfjzpfjcif;?
aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;cGiftnpftaMu;rsm;?rqDavsmfonfhpGefYypfrI?aqmufvkyf
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npfnrf;jcif;?ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tEÅ&m,frsm;jzpfonhftvkyform;rsm;ab;uif;
vHkjcHKa&;?obm0pm;usufajrrsm;?a&aewd&pämefrsm;?vuf½Sdpdkufcif;rsm;ysufpD;
jcif;ESihf½kyfydkif;qdkif&m,Ofaus;rIt&if;tjrpfrsm;tay:oufa&mufrIrsm;ponfwdkY
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qufEG,faeygonf/okdYaomfaumif;rGefonhfEdkifiHwumaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfxHk;
vkyfenf;rsm;? tpDtpOfrsm;jzihf tqdkygoufa&mufrIrsm;tm; wm;qD;&ef
(odkY) vufcHEdkifaomyrmPokdYavsmhcs&ef aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/ a&Ekyfajrmif;?
wl;ajrmif;rsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;ESifhywfoufíIDEtkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGif½Sd
onhfvuf½Sdwl;ajrmif;rsm;wavQmufwGif aqmif&Guf&efarQmfrSef;xm;yg onf/
¤if;oufa&mufrIrsm;udkvnf;aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;umvtwGif; (cantractor)
uefx½dkufwmrSvnf;aumif;?PMUESihftif*sifeD,mrsm;\teD;uyfBuD;MuyfrIjzifh
vnf;aumif;aumif;pGmpDrHcefYcGJEdkifygonf/jyifya'orsm;rStvkyform;rsm;tae
jzihfBuD;rm;onhfvkyfief;cGifpcef;rsm;wGiftvkyfrsm;pkjyHK0ifa&mufjcif;ESihf
wdkif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;jzpfEdkifonhfa'ocHjynfolrsm;ESihftcGihftvrf;½SmazGol
rsm;Mum;y#dyu©jzpfEdkifygonf/jyifyrS0ifa&mufvmolrsm;aMumihful;pufa&m*gydk;
rsm;ysHUESHUonhf tEÅ&m,f (HIV/STD) okdYr[kwf a'oukef ypönf;aps;EIef;ESihf
a'oaps;uGufta&mif;t0,frsmtay: oufa&mufrI½SdEdkifygonf/
a,bl,soufa&mufrIrsm;ESihf¤if;wkdYtm;avsmhcsa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk
atmufygZ,m;wGif wifjyxm;yg onf/
enf;ynmqdkif&mtultnDaqmif&Gufcsufrsm; tygt0if pDrHudef; enf;
ynmqdkif&mavhvmrIrsm;ESifhvkyfief;pGrf;&nfjr§ifhwifa&;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;-
ajr,mwdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;ESifhtyifrsm;umuG,fa&;?acwfrDpdkufysdK;
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rIrsm;tm;aygif;pyfydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;enf;vrf;
rsm;rSwqifha&&SnfwnfwHh aumif;rGefaom ydk;rTm; pDrHcefYcGJrIenf;vrf;rsm;
owfrSwfEdkif&efyHkpHcsrSwf&ygrnf/ qnfrsm;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; ESifh odkY
qnfajrmif;enf;ynmprf;oyftpDtpOfrsm;ESifh
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tjcm;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;&Sd 0,f,ljcif;? wyfqifjcif;rsm;udk urÇmhbPfrS
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&GufrIESifha&&SnfwnfwHhaumif;rGefaomjyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifhywf
oufonfhoifwef;rsm;tjyifavsmhenf;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/
Z,m;(1) pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;\qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrItvm;tvmrsm;ESifh
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;^tao;pm;wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;tawm
twGif; toHk;jyKEdkifonfh avsmhenf;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;
Z,m;3.5 obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&ma&½SnfESihfoG,f0dkuf
oufa&mufrIrsm;
vwfwavmwGifjzpfEkdifonhfa&½Snfoufa&mufrIrsm;twGuftuJjzwfcsuf
rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKao;yg/atmufygqef;ppfavhvmrIrsm;onfpmawGUoHk;
oyfcsufrsm;ESihfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;½SdtpD&ifcHpmwifjyxm;onhfoufa&muf
rIrsm;tm;tajccHxm;ygonf/tqkdygoufa&mufrIrsm;udkajz½Sif;Edkif&efvdkufavsm
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tMuHjyKwifjyxm;ygonf/
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a&mufrIrsm;wGifavsmhenf;onhfpD;qif;rItkyfcsKyfa&;pepfESihfqufEG,fonhfudpö
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GHGpGefYxkwfrIrsm;?ajrqDvTmtwGif;qm;"mwf0ufa&mufjcif;ESihfajrqDvTmajrMo
Zmusqif;jcif;?ajrqDvTmwdkufpm;jcif;ESihfa&0yfjcif;?jrpf^acsmif;oGifjyif^vu©P
m&yfrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;?Ekef;wifjcif;? ydk;rTm;^aygufyifrsm;wdk;yGm;jcif;ponfwdkY
yg0ifEdkifygonf/xdkYtjyifqnfajrmif;{&d,mrsm;wGifod½SdNyD;tcsufwpfckjzpfonhf
awmifolrsm;onfoD;ESHrpdkufysdK;onhf&moDrsm;wGif uRJ? EGm;rsm;twGuf ¤if;wdkY
\v,f,majrtm;pm;usufajrtjzpftoHk;jyKonfqdkonhftcsufjzpfonf
tqdkjyKpDrHudef;aMumihfqnfajrmif;vkyfief;pepfrsm;wdk;jr§ihfvmrnfjzpfonhft
wGuf pm;usufajrqHk;½IH;rIrsdK;jzpfay:Edkifojzifh uRJ EGm;tpmrsm; xkwfvkyf&ef
qnfa&aomufajrrsm;tm;toHk;jyKrIwdk;jr§ihfap&efpDrHudef;rSaqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf
/ ¤if;wkdYtm; arG;jrLa&;wd&pämefrsm;\ (pen-fed feeling)twGuf toHk;jyK Ekdif
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toHk;jyKrIrsm;onf v,f,majrrsm;rS eD;pyf&mobm0a&pD;aMumif; (okdY)
ajrjyifa&rsm;okdYpD;0ifonhfa&Ekwfajrmif;?a&t&nftaoG;tay:oufa&mufrI½Sd
EkdifNyD;pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;wnf½Sd&ma'orsm;½SdaomufoHk;a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;tay:
a&½Snfoufa&mufrIrsm;½SdEdkifygonf/
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mtvm;tvm½Sdaoma&½Snfoufa&mufrIwckrSm
ajrjyfa&yrmPjrihfwufvmEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/¤if;tcsufonfjyefvnfxlaxmif
a&;ESihfpepftoHk;jyKrIwdk;jr§ihfjcif;rsm;rSwdk;jr§ihfvmonhfqnfajrmif;vkyfief;ouf
a&mufrIwckjzpfygonf/xdkYjyif jyefvnfxlaxmifNyD;pDrHudef;\ jzpfvmEdkifonhf
oG,f0dkuf oufa&mufrIrSm qnfajrmif;ae&mrsm;teD;tem;½Sd a&wGif;rsm;udk
toHk;jyKonhfaus;&Gmrsm;\aomufoHk;a&t&nftaoG;tay:oufa&mufrIjzpfyg
onf/onhftjyiftjcm;a&t&if;tjrpftoHk;jyKolrsm;ESihfy#dyu©ay:aygufEdkifjcif;
jzpfovdk(qnf^a&avSmifuefrsm;ESihfywfoufonhfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;^Oy
rma&tm;vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;½Hk)jrpf^acsmif;ponfa&t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSxkwf,l
onfhcGihfjyKa&yrmPtoHk;jyKjcif;ESihfqufpyfonhfab;tEÅ&m,fponfwdkYjzpfyg
onf/
tqdkjyKpDrHudef;tm;jzihfqnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;\xda&mufaumif;rGefrIwdk;
wufvmjcif;aMumihftem*wfwGift½Sdefjr§ihfoD;ESHpdkufysdK;rIrsm;wdk;yGm;vmrnhfo
abm½SdEdkifygonf/ tu,fíawmifolrsm;onf qnfajrmif; vkyfief;rsm;
wdk;wufaumif;rGefrIaMumihf¤if;wdkY\v,fajrrsm;wGif"mwfajrMoZmjzihfajrqDvTm
t[m&xyfrHjznhfwif;jcif;rsdK;rjyKvkyfbJpyg;oD;ESHomvQifxyfwvJvJpdkufysdK;yg
uajrqDvTmtwGif;½Sd½kyfydkif;qkdif&mESihf "mwkaA'qdkif&mtajymif;tvJrsm;aMumihf
ajrMoZmwjznf;jznf;usqif;rIrsdK; ½SdEdkifygonf/ xdkYjyif qnfwl;ajrmif;
rsm;\½kyfydkif;qdkif&muGef,ufrsm;onf aus;&Gmjynfoklrsm;\ oGm;vmrItwGuf
tcuftcJjzpfjcif;?txl;ojzihftrsdK;orD;rsm;ESihfuav;rsm;taejzihfaus;&Gmt
wGif;½SdaetdrfrSv,f,majrrsm;okdYoGm;vm&mwGifaumif;rGefonhfvrf;^wHwm;
wnfaqmuf xdrf;odrf;xm;jcif;rsdK;r½SdygutcuftcJjzpfay:Ekdifygonf/
xdkYjyifaus;&Gmjynfolrsm;rSuefYowfxm;onhfwl;ajrmif;{&d,mrsm;wGifowdrrl
oGm;vmjcif;rsm;aMumihfwl;ajrmif;rsm;xdcdkuf^ ysufpD;jcif;rsdK;jzpfEdkifygonf/
a,bl,stm;jzihftqdkjyKpDrHudef;onftqdkygoufa&mufrItcsdKUtm; ajz
½Sif;Ekdifap&ef a&G;cs,fxm;onfh tajccHtaqmufttkHaqmif&GufrIrsm;\
cdkifrmaumif;rGefaomyHkpH?pdkufysdK;a&;wdk;csJUpepfrsm;\xda&mufrItm;&nf&G,f
onhftaumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;ae&mtvdkuftao;pdwftuJjzwfcsuf
rsm;?aygif;pyfatmf*Jepf"mwfajrMoZmrsm;tm;wm0efodpGm*½kwpdkuftoHk;jyKrIrsm;
?ajrqDvTmvu©Pm&yfrsm;ESihfukdufnDonhfoD;ESHa&G;cs,frIrsm;?ponfenf;vrf;
rsm;tm;toHk;jyKí oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;avQmhcsEdkifap&efaqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
pkdufysdK;a&;wdk;csJUtpDtpOfESihfcsdwfqufívnf;pDrHudef;taejzihfobm0ywf0ef;
usifESihfo[ZmwjzpfonfhpdkufysdK;a&;enf;ynmrsm;?aygif;pyfydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGrIrsm;
tm;us,fus,fjyefYjyefYjzefYa0Ekdifap&eftqihftrsdK;rsdK;½Sdd stake holders rsm;twGuf
vkyfief;pGrf;&nfjznhfqnf;onhftpDtpOfrsm;udkvnf;b@ma&;yHhydk;oGm;ygrnf/
pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;wGif½SdvmEdkifonhfwjznf;jznf;csif;pkpnf;ay:aygufvm
onhfobm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&moufa&mufrIrsm;wGiftxufydkif;a&a0a&vJa'
orsm;½Sd pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufESihf xdef;csKyfrIr½Sdonhf ow¬KwGif; ESihf
a&Tusifvkyfief;rsm;aMumihfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aqmif&Gufonhfqnfajrmif;pDrH
udef;rsm;ESihfcsdwfqufaeonhfa&avSmifuefrsm;rS a&pD;aMumif;atmufydkif;wGif
a&xknpfnrf;rIjzpfay:jcif;rsm;yg0ifygonf/rvJewfawmifqnfwGif arsenic
yrmPjrihfrm;aerIudkawGU½Sd&NyD;qifaoqnfwl;ajrmif;rSxkwf,lonhfa&erlem
wGif nitrate yrmPtjrihfqHk;owfrSwfcsufxuf ausmfvGefaeygonf/
tqdkygt&if;tjrpfrsm;½Sdnpfnrf;rItm;ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKyguqufEG,f
onhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aqmif&Gufaomf vnf; a&pD;
aMumif;atmufydkif;½SdrsufESmjyifESihfajrjyifa&xkt&nftaoG;xdcdkufrI½SdEkdifygonf
/onhftjyifqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;taejzihfa&pD;aMumif;atmufydkif;½Sda&vTrf;rdk;
rIxdef;csKyfa&;twGuyHkpHjyKaqmif&Gufxm;aomfvnf;a'owGif&moDOwkjyif;xef
jcif;rsdK;jzpfay:ygua&vTrf;rdk;rItEÅ&m,ftvm;tvm½Sdaeygonf/
aemufqufwGJtaejzihfpDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIt
wGufoufa&mufcH&EdkifrItvm;tvm½Sdonf[kowfrSwfonhfae&mrsm;tm;
tao;pdwftuJjzwfjcif;rsm;aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfovdkqDavQmfonhf a&vTrf;rdk;rI
umuG,fa&;tpDtpOfrsm;tqdkjyKwifjy&efvdktyfygonf/(Oyrm၊a&vTrf;rdk;rIum
uG,fonhfeH&Hrsm;? a&umwm rsm;? ta&;ay:oJtdrfrsm;)
qnfae&mrsm;teD;wGifaexdkifonhfjynfolrsm;onfqnfrsm;\ab;uif;
vHkjcHKa&;udk¤if;?{&d,mtwGif;rdk;onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;íqnfNydKvJ^ysufpD;rIrsm;ESihf
ywfoufívnf;aumif;ylyefrIrsm;½SdMuygonf/ txl;ojzihf rvJewfawmifESihf
qGma&pD;aMumif;atmufydkif;{&d,mrsm;wGifjzpfonf/
&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;ESihfywfoufítrsdK;om;qufoG,fa&;tpD&ifcHpm\avh
vmqef;ppfcsuft&tem*wfwGifjyif;xefonhf&moDOwktajctaejzpfEkdifjcif;
rsdK;udkarQmfrSef;xm;MuaomaMumihfqnfrsm;NydKvJ^ysufpD;rI?rcefYrSef;Edkifonhfjzpf
yGm;rIrsdK;aMumihfa&pD;aMumif;atmufydkif;a'orsm;½SdtusdK;qufrsm;ponfwdkYESihf
ywfoufonhf ylyefrIrsm;udk vdktyfonhf tpDtpOf rsm;twGuf xnhfoGif;
pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
3.6 qnfESihfa&avSmifuefrsm;tygt0ifrlvqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;
wnfaqmuf jcif;ESihfqufpyfonhf ajr,mtarGtESpfqdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;
pDrHudef;wGifyg0if&eftvm;tvm&SdonfhpDrHudef;rS&nf&G,fonfhNrdKUe,frsm;
&Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;trsm;pktm;vGefcJhaom10^20ESpfrsm;uwnfaqmufcJhyg
onf/pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuft&tcsdKUaom
udpö&yfrsm;wGifqnfrsm;ESifhyifrwl;ajrmif;rsm;wnfaqmufcJhpOfuvHkavmuf
aomepfemaMu;rsm;r&&SdbJa&GUajymif;&onfhjynfolrsm;&Sdygonf/jyifqifa&;
umvtwGif; aqmif&GufcJhonfh SA wGif pDrHudef;t& aiGaMu;yHhydk;&ef
tvm;tvm&Sdonf[k owfrSwfonfh qnfajrmif;pDrHudef; (4)ckwGifom
aqmif&GufcJhjcif;jzpfojzifhjynfhpHkaumif;rGefrIr&Sdyg/xdkYaMumifhtaumiftxnf
azmfa&;umvtwGif;vsmxm;onfhpDrHudef;rsm;tm;vHk;yg0ifonfhjynfhpHk
aumif;rGefaom SA qufvufaqmif&Gufygrnf/
vuf&Sdqnfrsm;?a&avSmifuefrsm;ESifh qufEG,fonfh ajr,mudpörsm;wGif
pDrHudef; twdkif;twm\ jyifywGif&Sdonf[k owfrSwfNyD; pDrHudef;t&
wdkuf½dkufajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufrnfr[kwfyg/tqdkyg½IyfaxG;onfhajr,mtarGt
ESpfqdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;tm;EdkifiHtqifhtrsdK;om;ajr,mt&if;tjrpfpDrHcefYcGJrI
aumfrwDESifh vTwfawmf ajr,mqHk;½IH;rI pHkprf;a&; aumfr&Siftm;jzifh
ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufaeygonf/ urÇmhbPftaejzifh EdkifiHrdwfzufaqmif&GufrI
rlabmift& EdkifiHtESHU ajrm,mqdkif&m avhvmtuJjzwfcsufrsm;tygt0if
ajr,mESifh ywfoufí oD;jcm;yHhydk;oGm;ygrnf/ odkYaomf pDrHudef;t&
vsmxm;onfhqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;ESifhwdkuf½dkufqufEG,fonfhajr,mtarG
tESpfudpö&yfrsm;tm;pDrHudef;wGifyg0ifonf[kowfrSwfEdkifNyD; ydkrdkjynfhpHkonfh
SA wpdwfwydkif;tjzpftuJjzwfppfaq;oGm;ygrnf/tqdkygudpö&yftwGuf
SAtaejzifhvsmxm;onfhqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rlvwnfaqmufpOfoufa&muf
cH&onfh jynfolrsm;?¤if;wdkY\wdkif;&if;om;rsdK;EG,fpktygt0if rnfolrnf0g
jzpfjcif;?¤if;wdkY\toufarG;0rf;ausmif;qufvufaqmif&GufEdkif&efrnfonfh
epfemaMu;ESifhtultnDrsm;vufcH&&SdaMumif;ESifh¤if;wdkY\vuf&SdtoufarG;
0rf;ausmif; tajctae tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufygrnf/ tu,fí
odomonfhrajz&Sif;&ao;aomudpö&yfrsm;?pDrHudef;OD;wnfcsuftwdkif;twm
twGif; ajz&Sif;&efvdktyfonfh tjiif;yGm;rI udpö&yfrsm; ponfwdkYonf
pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;tm; aESmifhaES;apEdkifygonf/ SA
\ ueOD;awGY&Sdcsufrsm;udk ajr,mudpö&yfrsm; r&Sdjcif; (odkY) enf;yg;onfh
vsmxm;aompDrHudef;rsm;\ae&ma&G;cs,fjcif;twGuftcsuftvufrsm;tjzpf
toHk;jyKygrnf/ (¤if;wdkY taejzifh pDrHudef;\ twdkif;twmt&
xda&mufpGm ajz&Sif;Edkifrnf) pDrHudef;wGif yg0if&ef udkufnDonfh
tpDtpOfrsm;twGuf ajr,mjyóemrsm;udk LAPP jzifh ajz&Sif;ygrnf/
xdkYtjyif qufEG,fygu LAPP udkvnf; taumiftxnfazmfpOftwGif;
csrSwfaqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD; urÇmhbPf\ rl0g' OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD
xdcdkufrI&Sdonfhjynfolrsm;\toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rsm;jyefvnfxdef;odrf;
xm;Edkif&ef tpDtpOf rsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/
tpDtpOft& toHk;jyKonfh third party 0efaqmifrItzGJYtpnf;rsm;onf
ajr,m tarGtESpfjyóemrsm; tuJjzwfjcif;twGuf tqifajy acsmarGY
ap&ef aqmif&Guf&rnf/ pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfa&; yHhydk;rIrsm;rSwqifh
urÇmhbPf\vkyfief;tzGJYonf SA \ TOR rsm;? SA tpD&if cHpm
oHk;oyfcsufESifh wnfae&mtvdkuf ESMP? LAAP ESifh odkY IPP
toHk;jyKjcif;rsm;ponfwdkYESifhywfoufívrf;nTefcsufrsm;jznfhqnf;ay;yg
rnf/
4/ pDrHudef;\obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;tm;
ajz½Sif;&efvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;
4.1 vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;
a,bl,stm;jzihf ADSP pDrHudef;ESihfywfoufí EA ud&d,mrsm; csrSwf
&eftwGufvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;wGif atmufygt,ltqrsm;tusHK;0ifapygrnf/
(1) obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mOD;wnfcsufrsm;tm;vufawGU
aqmif&GufEdkifrIavhvmjcif;vkyfief;pOfodkdYaqmif&Gufjcif;-tqdkygavhvmrI
rsm;onfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mOD;wnfcsufrsm;tm;tpDtpOf
a&;qGJa&;vkyfief;pOf\wpdwfwydkif;tjzpfaygif;pyfEdkif&eftcGihftvrf;rsm;
jznhfqnf;ay;ygonf/tqdkygobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mOD;wnf
csufrsm;tm;avhvmrIrsm;wGifaygif;pyf&ef TOR ESihf ywfoufí vkyfief;
twkdif;twmtwGif;tpDtpOfrsm;ESihfrl0g'a&;qGJjcif;rsm;yg0ifoihfygonf/
(2) Stake holder rsm;yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf trsm;jynfol owif; tcsuf
tvufxkwfjyefjcif;rsm;rSwqihf yGifhvif;jrifomrIjr§ihfwifjcif; -
avhvmaqmif&GufrItrsm;pkonf aumif;rGefaomtpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;udk
jr§ihfwifEdkifaomaMumihf us,fjyefYonfh stakeholder yg0ifaqmif&GufrIrsm;
jr§ihfwifay;Edkif&ef aumif;rGef aomtcGifhtvrf;rsm;jzpfapygonf/
(3) tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;qdkif&m prf;oyfavhvmjcif;tm; jr§ihfwifjcif;
(4) obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpGrf;&nfwnfaqmufjcif;ESihft
zGJUtpnf;qdkif&m cdkifrmtm;aumif;rIudk jr§ihfwifjcif;
pDrHudef;taejzihfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;wGifobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrI
a&;&mudpö&yfrsm;tm;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufEdkif&ef counterpart pGrf;&nfwnf
aqmufjcif;twGuftcGihftvrf;rsm;jznhfqnf;oGm;ygrnf/vkyfief;pGrf;&nfwnf
aqmufjcif;twGufyHhydk;rIrsm;wGifoifwef;rsm;?avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihftpD&ifcH
jcif;rsm; yg0ifygonf/
4.2 tajccHenf;vrf;
oGifjyifvu©Pm&yfrsm;tay:rlwnfíADSPpDrHudef;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwpfckcsif;pDwGif
vlrIa&;ESihfobm0ywf0ef;usifa&;&moufa&mufEdkifrItvm;tvmrsm;tuJjzwf
jcif;ESihfurÇmhbPftzGJU\owfrSwfcsufrsm;?jrefrmEdkifiHOya'owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihf
udkufnDonhfobm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mtao;pdwftuJjzwfcsuf(EA)?ab;uif;
vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;ponfwdkYyg0ifygonf/urÇmhbPftaejzihfTORrsm;tygt
0iftaumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;tm;vHk;ESihf
ywfoufí ½Sif;vif;oHk;oyfjcif;rsm;aqmif&Gufygrnf/
pDrHudef;onfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;tm;ajz½Sif;&ef
atmufygtqdkjyKenf;vrf;rsm;ESihfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;yg0iftoHk;jyKyg
onf/
ADSP pDrHudef;twnfjyKcsufESihf oHk;oyfcsufrsm;rwdkifrD þ ESMF
udkjyifqifaqmif&GufNyD; pDrHudef;\ obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&m
a,bl,saqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk today;wifjyygrnf/
vufawGUaqmif&GufEdkifrIavhvmjcif;ESihfpDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJrsm;tMum;jyef
vSefaqmif&GufrIenf;vrf;rsm; udk taumiftxnfazmfygrnf/
a&G;cs,fxm;onhfpDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJrsm;tm;ueOD;avhvmpDppfjcif;tae
jzihf FS \ TOR wGifyg0ifrnhf udpö&yfrsm;udk a&G;cs,fowfrSwfygrnf/ FS
\ TOR wGifa&½Snfoufa&mufrIrsm;tygt0if obm0 ywf0ef;usifESihf
vlrIa&;&mab;uif;vHkjcHKrIrsm;twGuf jznhfqnf;rIrsm;yg0ifrnfjzpfNyD;
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&moufa&mufEdkifrIrsm;tm; FS yHkpHrsm;jyifqif&m
wGif xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;aqmif&GufoGm; ygrnf/
FSaqmif&GufpOfESihfNyD;pD;onhfaemufydkif;wGif tqdkjyKpDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJrsm;
pDppfjcif;udkxyfaqmif;aqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD;(1)pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJrsm;tae
jzihfobm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;pnf;urf;rsm;toHk;jyKpDrH
cefYcGJjcif;½Sdr½Sd?
ae&mtvdkufobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcGJrIpnf;rsOf;rsm;?
ajr,modrf;qnf;rIvkyfief;tpDtpOf?a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;tpD
tpOfponfwdkYtwGufxyfaqmif;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;vdktyfjcif;
½Sdr½Sd qHkjzwfaqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
vdktyfonhfxyfaqmif;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;twGuf FS udk
aqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
vufawGYaqmif&GufrIavhvmcsufrsm;taejzifhxyfaqmif;ab;uif;vHkNcHK
a&; tpDtpOfrsm;vdktyfovdk aqmif&Gufygrnf/ txl;ojzifh pDrHudef;
wpfckpDtwGuf FS \ wpdwfwydkif;tjzpf PMU rsm;rS a&G;cs,fonfh
ynm&Sifrsm;jzifh SA udk aqmif&Gufrnfjzpf onf/ ¤if;wGif vGwfvyf
íBudKwiftoday;rI&SdonfhtBuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udkoufa&mufrI cH&onfh
jynfolrsm;?pDrHudef;tusdK;cHpm;&olrsm;jzifhaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;yg0ifygonf
/ SAtaejzifhppfaq;pDppfonfhvkyfief;pOfrsm;twGuf tcsuftvufrsm;
yHhydk;rnfjzpfNyD; LAPP ESifh IPP rsm;\ vdktyfcsufESifh twdkif;twmudk
cGJjcm;owfrSwfygrnf/ (yl;wGJ-3wGif Munfh&ef? ajr,modrf;,ljcif;ESifh
a&GUajymif;ae&mcsxm;jcif;rl0g'rlabmif? yl;wGJ(4)a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;
tpDtpOfrlabmif)
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&moufa&mufrItuJjzwfcsufrsm; (ESIA)
ESihfh^okdYr[kwfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOfrsm;
(ESMP)? tjcm;vdktyfonhfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,m rsm; (Oyrm –
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mppfaq;pm&if;?obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m
vkyfief;pnf;rsOf;rsm;?ajr,modrf;,ljcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;?a'ocHwdkif;
&if;om;jynfoltpDtpOfrsm;?aygif;pyfydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOf)rsm;tm;
&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItm;vHk;twGufþ ESMF ygvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;csrSwfNyD;
aemufydkif;pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;&½Sdvmonhfenf;ynm
qdkif&mtao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm; ESihf FS aqmif&GufNyD; pD; NyD;aemuf
jyifqifaqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESihfqufpyfonhf oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;vHk;tm;
pDrHcefYcGJ&eftajccHud&d,mrSmobm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mvkyfief;pnf;rsOf;
owfrSwfcsufrsm;(ECOP)jzpfonf/xyfaqmif;ud&d,mrsm;vdktyfjcif;½Sdr½Sd
ESifhywfoufípDrHudef;qdkif&mxyfaqmifpDppfjcif;rsm;jzihfqHk;jzwfaqmif&Guf
oGm;ygrnf/
yHk (2) obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m/vlrIa&;&mESihf ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;
pDrHcefYcGJrIud&d,mrsm;qdkif&m tqdkjyKvkyfief;pOf tESpfcsKyfyHkpH
4U1 ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tao;pdwfvkyfief;pOf
tqihf (1) – tao;pdwfavhvmpDppfjcif;
pDrHudef;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;pDrHcefYcGJrIud&d,mrsm;twGufta&;tBuD;qHk;t
qihfrSmavhvmpDppfjcif;jzpfygonf/pDrHudef;tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESihfae&mobm0rsm;
qdkif&mtuJjzwfcsufrsm;ay:wGifrlwnfíavhvmpDppfjcif;udkaqmif&Gufygrnf/
ueOD;avhvmpDppfrIrsm;jzihf FS wGifajz½Sif;aqmif&Guf&rnhfjzpfay:Edkifaom
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;tm;cGJjcm;owfrSwfygrnf/
pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJrsm;owfrSwfNyD;onfESihfwNydKifeuf¤if;wdkY\oGifjyifvu©Pm
rsm;tao;pdwfod½SdNyD;ygutao;pdwfavhvmpDppfjcif;rsm;udkaqmif&Gufygrnf/pD
rHudef;vkyfief; cGJrsm;pDppfjcif;tm; PMU rS wm0ef,l aqmif&Guf &rnf
jzpfNyD;txufwGiftqdkjyKxm;onhftwkdif; jyefvSefvkyfief; pOfjzpfygonf/
tqihf (2) TOR rsm;jyifqifaqmif&Gufjcif;
ueOD;pDppfjcif;tay:tajccHíobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mab;uif;
vHkjcHKrI TOR rsm;udkjyifqifí vufawGUaqmif&GufEdkifrIavhvmcsuftwGuf TOR
wGifxnfhoGif;aqmif&Gufygrnf/
a&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;onhfpDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJrsm;\tao;pdwfpdppfjcif;
rsm;jzihf vdktyfonhfab;uif; vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;twGuf TOR &½Sdygrnf/
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;wGif –
jynhfpHkonfhobm0ywf0ef;usifoufa&mufrItuJjzwfcsuf
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOfrsm;
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m vkyfief;owfrSwfcsufrsm;
ajr,modrf;,ljcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;
a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;tpDtpOf
½kyfydkif;qdkif&m,Ofaus;rIt&if;tjrpfrsm; tpDtpOf
ponfwdkYyg0ifygonf/
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;twGuf TOR rsm;udkoD;jcm;vGwfvyf pGm
aqmif&Gufjcif; (okdY) vufawGU aqmif&GufEdkifrIavhvmcsufESihf ^ okdYr[kwf
yHkpHrsm;twGuf a,bl,s TOR rsm;wGif xnhfoGif;aqmif&Gufjcif; ponfh
enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf aqmif&Gufygrnf/
tqihf (3) – wnfae&moabmobm0
vdktyfonhfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&menf;vrf;rsm;udk jzpfay:Ekdifonhf
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&moufa&mufrIrsm;jzihftusdK;nDpGmaqmif&Gufyg
rnf/ pDrHudef;ESihfpDrHudef;wnfae&mrsm;pDppfavhvmjcif;jzihf wnfae&mrsm;\
oabmobm0udkqHk;jzwfEdkifygrnf/atmufygZ,m;udkjzpfay:Edkifonfhudpörsm;
tm; cGJjcm; owfrSwfEdkifonf/
Z,m; (2) wnfae&moabmobm0ESihf ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;rl0g'rsm;
tqihf (4) pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGiftrsdK;tpm;owfrSwfcsufrsm;
urÇmhbPfrl0g'rsm;t& pDrHudef;tm; tkyfpk (u) (okdY) (c)tjzpf
owfrSwfEdkifygonf/ tqkdygpDrHudef; tkyfpkcGJ&mwGif pDrHudef;tydkif;rsm;ESihf
wnfae&mrsm;\oabmobm0tay:tajccHíqHk;jzwfjcif;jzpfygonf/
þrlabmifjyifqifa&;tqihfwGif aqmif&GufonhftuJjzwfcsuftay:tajccHí
pDrHudef;taejzihftkyfpk(u)trsdK;tpm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItm;aiGaMu;yHhydk;rnfr[kwfyg
/pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfpOftawmtwGif;pDrHudef;vkyfief;pOfrsm; taejzifh
SITE SENSITIVITY
Safeguard Policy
or Site
Characteristic
Low Sensitivity Medium Sensitivity High Sensitivity
Natural Habitats
(OP 4.04)
No natural habitats
present of any kind No critical natural habitats;
other natural habitats occur
Critical natural habitats present
Resettlement
(OP 4.12)
No new sites are required.
Project site is already
acquired and is free of
squatter; legal tenure is
well- defined.
Project site has tenant
renters. Yet to be acquired.
Project site will entail
resettlement of vulnerable
Indigenous Peoples
(OP 4.10)
No indigenous population Dispersed and mixed
indigenous populations;
mainstream (highly
acculturated) indigenous
populations
Indigenous territories and
reserves; vulnerable
indigenous populations
Natural hazards
vulnerability; floods,
soil stability/erosion
Flat terrain; no potential
stability/erosion problems;
no known
volcanic/seismic/flood
risks
Medium slopes; some
erosion potential. Medium
risksto
volcanic/seismic/flood/
hurricanes
Mountainous terrain; steep
slopes; unstable soils; high
erosion potential; volcanic,
seismic or flood risks
Physical Cultural
Resources (OP 4.11)
No known or suspected
cultural heritage sites
Suspected cultural heritage
sites; known heritage sites
in broader area of influence
Known heritage sites in
project area
trsdK;tpm; A tqifhwGif pDrHudef;vkyfief;cJGrsm;&SdNyD; vTrf;NcHKpDrHudef;taejzifh
trsdK;tpm; pDrHudef; A jzpfrnfhtjyiftqdkygawGY&Sdcsufrsm;tm; xif[yfap&ef
jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;rsm;vdktyfygrnf[k aumufcsufcsEdkifygonf/
Type of Project Site Sensitivity
High Sensitivity Medium Sensitivity Low Sensitivity Rehabilitation of existing
main conveyance, flow
control and sediment
management systems and
de-siltation of irrigation
and drainage systems, and
necessary dam safety
remedial works.
A B B
Development of on-farm
water management
infrastructure and pilot
land improvement in 2-3
selected systems; and
B B B
tqihf(5) vdktyfonhfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;twGuf owfrSwf csufrsm;
pDrHudef;trsdK;tpm;ESihf tao;pdwfavhvmpDppfjcif;avhusihfcef;rsm;tay:
tajccHívdktyfonhfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mvkyfief;rsm;xJrSjyifqif
&efvdktyfonfhvkyfief;rsm;udk qHk;jzwfowfrSwf&ygrnf/ OP 4.12 ESihf
udkufnDpGmjzihf tkyfpk (u)ESihf (c)trsdK;tpm;pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJrsm;twGuf
vdktyfonhfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;pm&if;udkatmufwGifazmfjyxm;
ygonf/
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wrf;vkyfief;rsm;\ owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItrsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;jcif;/
Type of Project Required Safeguard Instruments
Category B1 Use site screening criteria to prepare specific assessments and prepare ECOPs for
construction;
Prepare EIAs and/or EMPs where applicable including measures for natural
habitats and physical cultural resources;
Confirm the need for land acquisition and/or resettlement;
If projects are to be built in areas with indigenous peoples social assessmentpart
of the EIA will ensure compliance with OP 4.10and consultation process and
prepare an IPP.
Develop LAAP if involuntary land acquisition occurs;
IPMP
O&M Plan and EPP in the case of large dams
4Y 4 ESMF wGifyg0ifonhfud&d,mrsm;
þESMF wGif atmufygwdkYyg0ifygonf –
tuJjzwfppfaq;onhf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;wckpDtwGuftao;pdwfavhvmpDp
pfa&;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm; (ppfaq;pm&if;rsm;udk yl;wGJ(1)wGifMunhf&ef)
aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGufwnfae&mpDppfavhvmjcif;pHowf
rSwfcsufrsm;ESihf checklists rsm;udktoHk;jyKí tao;pdwf
tuJjzwfcsufrsm;ESihf ESMP rsm;udkjyifqif&ef (Oyrm – jyefvnf
xlaxmifrnhfwl;ajrmif;ESihf a&EIwfajrmif;pepfrsm;twGuf Checklist
ESihfpdkufysdK;wdk;csJUjcif;ESihf rsdK;aphodkavSmifjcif;qdkif&myHhydk;rIt*Fg&yfrsm;
wnfaqmufjcif;twGuf checklists rsm;udk yl;wGJ pmrsuf ESm rsm;
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1 Should a Category A subproject be implemented, a project restructuring will be done prior to approving the said
category A subproject.
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taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufygrnf/ (yl;wGJ (6))/
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a&½Snfoufa&mufrIrsm;udkajz½Sif;&eftvdkufoihfajymif;vJaqmif&Gufaom
pDrHcefYcGJrIenf;vrf;udk tqdkjyK wifjyygonf/ tcsdKUaomoufa&mufrIrsm;udk
avQmhcs&eftqdkygonhfa,bl,savQmhcsa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk atmufygZ,m;wGif
wifjyxm;ygonf/ta&;ygonfhowfrSwfcsufabmifrsm;udkavhvmppfaqjcif;
jzihfay:aygufvmonhfta&;udpörsm;tm;aumif;rGefpGmcGJjcm;owfrSwf&efESihfouf
qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rStxl;tav;xm;aqmif&Gufjcif;aocsmap&efjzpfygonf
/
pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;tajccHtaqmufttHkqdkif&m
&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;twGufenf;ynmqdkif&mowfrSwfcsufabmifrsm;ESihfvufawGU
aqmif&GufEdkifrIavhvmcsufrsm;jyifqifNyD;onfESifhwNydKifeuf wnfae&mtvdkuf
tao;pdwfoufa&mufrIavQmhcsa&;rsm;udk aqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
Z,m;(4) a&½Snfoufa&mufrIrsm; pDrHcefYcGJrI
Issue Proposed Mitigation Measures Implementation
Schedule
Source of
Funding
Water
contamination
Law enforcement in Catchment area
Agriculture extension for integrated pest
management
Law enforcement for illegal pesticide
After catchment
conservation action
plan is developed &
agriculture extension
network & system are
strengthened
Agriculture
extension cost
Soil salinity Canal lining for those canal sections affected by
saline/akali soil and properly maintain
Application of gypsum wherever available &
feasible
Agriculture extension for suitable cropping
pattern and soil fertility management
Since project
construction phase
Bill in quantity
for canal
rehabilitation
Agriculture
extension cost
Water logging Proper maintenance after good rehabilitation of
canal and drainage system with people
participation
Since construction
phase
Annual
maintenance
Sedimentation Proper maintenance after good canal
rehabilitation with appropriate sedimentation
trap or extractor
Flushing the canal as frequently as possible
Develop and implement participatory operation
and maintenance of canal an drainage system
Since construction
phase
Annual
maintenance
Increase of Pest
and Weed
Effective agriculture extension for integrated
pest management and cropping system
management
When agriculture
extension system is in
place
extension cost
Accessibility
constraint
Integrate accessibility pattern of local
community into design and construction of canal
rehabilitation
Due diligent to maintain the accessibility
options/route/bridge by both ID and community
Annually annual
maintenance
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¤if;onfBuD;Muyfppfaq;jcif;?avhvmtuJjzwfjcif;?pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf
tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;rsm;ESihf ywfoufí TACC ESihf a'otqihf stake holders
rsm;tm;¤if;wdkY\tcef;u@rsm;twGufyHhydk;ay;Edkif&ef tvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/
þ ESMF \pGrf;aqmif&nfESihfywfoufí taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihf
avhvmppfaq;jcif;qdkif&mvHkavmufaomvkyfief;pGrf;&nf½Sd&efta&;BuD;ygonf/
okdYjzpfí PMU \wpdwfwydkif;tjzpfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&m
ynm½Sifrsm;cefYtyfwm0efay;&efvdktyfygonf/ tqdkyg ynm½Sifrsm;taejzihf
tao;pdwfvkyfief; rsm; aqmif&Guf&ef½Sdygonf/
(1) taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGJUrsm;ESihfyl;wGJí ESpfpOfvkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;ESihf
EMP ESihfqufEG,fonhf bwf*sufrsm;jyifqifjcif;
(2) ESMFygvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ESihfudkufnDpGmpDrHudef;wdk;wufrItajctae
rsm;tm;avhvmppfaq;jcif;?taumiftxnfazmfa&;qdkif&mtMuyftwnf;
rsm;tm;ajr½Sifaqmif&Gufjcif;ESihfpDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;acsmarGUpGmtaumif
txnfazmfEdkif&ef pDpOfyHhydk;ay;jcif;
(3) pDrHudef;? aiGpm&if;ESihfywfoufonhf owif;tcsufrsm;pkaqmif;jcif;ESihf
pDrHcefYcGJjcif; (obm0 ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&mavhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihf
pm&if;ppfaq;jcif;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;)
(4) obm0ywf0ef;usifavhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihfpDrHcefYcGJjcif;rsm;twGuf
oifwef;tpDtpOf? yg0ifrn Modules rsm;ESihf oifwef;rsm;pnf;½Hk;usif;y?
jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;/tvm;wlyif NrdKUe,fBuD;Muyfa&;0efxrf; rsm;twGuf
ajr,modrf;,ljcif;^qEtavsmufr[kwfaoma&TUajymif;&jcif;rsm;ESihfywf
oufíoifwef;rsm;vdktyfovdk awmifoludk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGufvnf;
ESMFwGifowfrSwfxm;onhfpnf;rsOf;rsm;?vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESihfywfouf
í tuRrf;w0if od½Sdem;vnfap&ef oifwef;rsm;vdktyfygonf/
pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJ ESIA rsm;wGif pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfpOftwGif;
PMU rS toHk;jyK onfh EdkifiHwumESifh odkY EdkifiHtqifh ynm&Sifrsm;jzifh
vufawGYaqmif&GufrI avhvmcsuftqifh ESMP jyifqifjcif; (odkY) tao;
pdwfyHkpHrsm; yg0ifygrnf/ pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJ ESMP wGif rD;armif;
xdk;jyxm;onfh tao;pdwfavsmhenf;a&; tpDtpOfrsm;rS contractor
rsm;rS (odkYr[kwf jzpfEdkifygu awmifolrsm;) vkyfief;pOftawmtwGif;
taumiftxnfazmfrnfjzpfí EMP owfrSwfcsufrsm; BuD;Muyf aqmif&Guf
jcif;udk PMU wpdwfwa'otjzpf obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;&m
ynm&Sifrsm;\ tultnDjzifh PMU rS aqmif&Gufygrnf/
vkyfief;pGrf;&nfjr§ihfwifjcif;ESihf oifwef;tpDtpOf
taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGJUrsm;onfurÇmhbPfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;rl0g'
rsm;ESihfywfoufítawGUtMuHKenf;yg;MuNyD;¤if;tcsufrsm;tm;taumiftxnf
azmfjcif;ESihfavhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;ESihfywfoufívnf;vkyfief;pGrf;&nfjr§ihfwif
&efvdktyfaeygonf/obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mynm½Sifrsm;(trsdK;om;t
qihfa&G;cs,fEdkifygu)taejzihfvnf;urÇmhbPfrStoHk;jyKonhfobm0ywf0ef;
usifqdkif&mtuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;rl0g'ydkif;ESihfywfoufítao;pdwfoifwef;rsm;
vdktyfEdkifygonf/urÇmhbPftaejzihftqdkygobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&my
nm½Sifrsm;twGufqDavQmfonhfjyifyoifwef;tpDtrHrsm;udka&G;cs,fowfrSwf&m
wGifvnf; yHhydk;ulnD ygonf/
ESMFtaumiftxnfazmfjcif;twGufoifwef;tvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yJGrsm;tpOf
rsm;tm;pDrHudef;pwifjcif;qdkif&mtvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;\ wpdwfwydkif;taejzihf
ueOD;taumiftxnfazmfa&;umvrsm;twGif;aqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
¤if;oifwef;rsm;wGif ADSP vkyfief;rsm;\obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&m
½Iaxmihf u@rsm;tm;pDrHcefYcGJ? ppfaq;jcif;udk t"duynm½Sifrsm;rS aumif;
pGmaqmif&GufEdkifap&efaocsmjznhfqnf;ay;&ygrnf/jrefrmEdkifiHtwGufobm0
ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m pDrHcefYcGJrIvdktyfcsufrsm; (urÇmhbPfESihf IFC wdkY\
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;rl0g'rsm;ESihfowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihfywfoufíaumif;rGefpGmod½Sd
em;vnfrItygt0if)ESihfywfoufíaumif;pGmod½Sdem;vnfonhfjyifyynm½Sifrsm;
jzihf tvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;usif;yoifhygonf/(Oyrm – OHS owfrSwf
csufrsm;)þoifwef;rsm;twGufvHkavmufonhfbwf*sufyrmPtm;pDrHudef;b
@ma&;&mrsm;wGif xnhfoGif;yg0ifap&ygrnf/
xdkYjyifþpDrHudef;rSpDrHudef;yxrESpf taumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;
enf;ynmqdkif&mtultnD rsm;jzihf PMU tm;yHhydk;ulnDygrnf/ tqdkyg
tultnDtaejzihfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&m0efxrf;rsm;twGufvuf
qihfurf;oifwef;rsm;jznhfqnf;ay;rnfjzpfNyD;avhvmpDppfjcif;vkyfief;pOf?
yHkpHrsm;ESihfywfoufí tMuHjyKcsufrsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;? ECOPs uJhokdYaom
ud&d,mrsm;wdk;wufaumif;rGefapjcif;? TOR rsm; jyifqifjcif; ESihf tpD&ifcHpm
rsm;tm;oHk;oyfjcif;rsm;tm;ulnDay;jcif;ponfvkyfief;rsm;twGufyHhydk;aqmif
&GufoGm;ygrnf/ yxrESpftwGuf EdkifiHwumynm½Sif(3)OD; (3 man-
months)cefYrSef;xm;NyD;tqdkygumvtwGif;EdkifiHokdY(3)Budrfvma&mufaqG;aEG;jcif;
yHkpHtajccHjzihf aqmif&Gufygrnf/
a,bl,sydk;rTm;rsm; rSefuefpGm owfrSwfcGJjcm;jcif;? ydk;owfaq;rsm;
a&G;cs,ftoHk;jyKjcif;ESifh ab;uif;vHkNcHKrIqdkif&m od&Sdem;vnfrIrsm;jr§ifhwifjcif;?
toHk;jyKolrsm;\ab;uif;vHkNcHKrIESifhta<u;usefrsm;twGufpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;?
tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm; em;vnfod&Sdjcif; (ydk;owfaq; toHk;jyKrI)ESifh ¤if;wdkY
tm;tuJjzwf^toHk;jyKenf;vrf;rsm;ponfwdkYtwGufawmifolrsm;\vkyfief;
pGrf;&nfcdkifrmtm;aumif;ap&eftaumiftxnfaz:pOftawmtwGif;a'ocHwdk;
csJUtvkyform;rsm;ESifhawmifolrsm;twGuf&moDtBudKoifwef;rsm;udk pDrHudef;rS
zGJYpnf; aiGaMu; axmufyHhygrnf/
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;twGufbwf*suf
pDrHudef;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;ESihfywfoufíenf;ynmqdkif&mtao;pdwftcsuf
tvufrsm; tNyD;owf aqmif&GufNyD;pD;jcif;r½Sdao;aomaMumihf EIAS rsm;ESihf
ESMF twGuf avhvmppfaq;a&;owfrSwfcsufrsm;enf;wl jyifqif xm;
½Sd&rnhf ESMPs rsm;tm; ajz½Sif;aqmif&Guf&ef cefYrSef;yrmPw&yfudkom
owfrSwfxm;ygonf/ ¤if;onf cefYrSef;yrmPomjzpfí (Z,m;
12)pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif; pDrHudef;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyHkpH ^ FS
rsm;tNyD;owfNyD;pD;onfESihfwNydKifeuf update aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygon
ESMF taumiftxnfazmfjcif;twGuf tqdkjyKbwf*suf
Activity Budget
Dam safety monitoring implementation2 $20,000/year/dam
Preparation of EIA/ESMP at FS/design stage $100,000/scheme
Budget for implementation of each ESMP, monitoring and
reporting
$25,000/year
Training on IPM implementation $10,000/year/scheme
Other related workshops (soil conservation; nutrient mgmt.) $150,000
1-day training for highlighting potential environmental impacts
and mitigation measures (project launching workshop)
$4,000/training
Environmental and social safeguard specialists (2 salary expert in
PMU)
$84,000/year
Technical assistance (3 man-months international consultant) $60,000 for first year.
(6) obm0ywf0ef;usifavhvmppfaq;a&;
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&moufa&mufrItuJjzwfcsufrsm;t& owfrSwf
xm;onhfqdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIt"dutñTef;udef;rsm;ESihfywfoufíavhvmppf
aq;a&;tpDpOfrSt"dutav;xm;aqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD;txl;ojzihfajrjyifa&xk
t&nftaoG;ESihfa&BuD;a&vQHjyóemtEÅ&m,fowday;EdI;aqmfonhfyrmP^t
qihfenf;vrf;rsm;?a&Ekwfajrmif;pepfa&qdk;ta&taoG;oufa&mufonhfa&pD;
aMumif;atmufydkif;{&d,mrsm;?aomufoHk;a&twGuftoHk;jyKonhftrsm;jynfol
qdkif&ma&wGif;rsm;½Sda&t&nftaoG;?t"dua&Ekwfajrmif;rsm;tygt0ifqnf
ajrmif;a&t&nftaoG;?(avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihfvdktyfovdkerlem,lppfaq;jcif;
tajccHt&)ajrqDvTmrsm;\½kyfydkif;qdkif&mESihf"mwkaA'qdkif&vu©Pm&yfrsm;ppf
aq;jcif;ponfwdkYyg0ifygonf/tqdkygavhvmppfaq;jcif;tpDtpOfESihfywf
oufítao;pm;pDrHudef;rsm;twGufESpfpOfcefYrSef;ukefusp&dwfrSmpDrHudef;t
vdkuf tar&duefa':vm 25ç000^ scheme cefYukefusEdkifygonf/
ESIAjyifqifNyD;onfESihfwNydKifeufpDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfumvt
wGif;obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mtñTef;uddef;rsm;yrmPESihftrsdK;tpm;owfrSwf
jcif;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufygrnf/ avhvmppfaq;a&;tpDtpOf taejzihfvnf;
vHkavmufonhf tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;? wnfae&mrsm;owfrSwfjcif;?
wkdif;wmrItBudrfta&twGuf?wdkif;wmppfaq;onhfowfrSwfcsufabmifrsm;
ponfjzihfjyifqifaqmif&Gufygrnf/urÇmhbPfrSynm½Sifrsm;?
EkdifiHwumynm½Sifrsm;rSaeí EMP avhvmppfaq;jcif;twGuf vdktyfonhf
oifwef;rsm;ESihfvkyfief;pGrf;jr§ihfwifjcif;rsm;udkyHhydk;aqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/
PMUtaejzihfobm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOftaumift
xnfazmfjcif;tm;BuD;Muyf^ pDrHrnfjzpfNyD; qef;ppfavhvmjcif;ESihf tpD&if
cHjcif;rsm;tygt0ifavhvmppfaq;a&;twGuft&nftaoG;½Sdonhf"mwfcGJcef;
rsm;ESihfcsdwfqufaqmif&Gufygrnf/ PMU taejzihf a'otqihf obm0
ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mtmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;yl;aygif;ípDrHudef;taejzihf
owfrSwfxm;onhf ESMF, ESISs, ESMP ESihf tjcm; qufEG,f
onhfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihfudkufnDpGmtaumiftxnfazmfjcif;½Sd
^r½Sdtm; ppfaq; aqmif&Gufygrnf/ tqdkygtpDtpOfrsm;tm; trsm; yg0if
aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdaom M & E vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzifh jznfhpGuf aqmif
&GufrnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;t& pDrHudef;oufa&mufrIcH&onfh jynfolrsm;ESifh wdkuf
½dkuf tusdK; cHpm;cGifh&Sdolrsm;rS ¤if;wdkYawGYBuHK&onfh udpö&yfrsm;udk pDrHudef;
odkY wdkuf½dkuftpD&ifcHEdkifrnf/ (tao;pdwftcsufrsm;twGuf (ESMF tcef;
(7)ESifh yl;wGJ(3) ajr,modrf;,ljcif;ESifh a&GUajymif; ae&mcsxm;jcif; rl0g'rl
abmif? yl;wGJ(4) a'ocHwdkif;&if;om; jynfolrsm; tpDtpOfrlabmif)
pDrHudef;vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItqihfESihfvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&GufaepOftwGif;
¤if;wdkYtaejzihfpDrHudef;ae&mrsm;okdYBuD;Muyfavhvma&;c&D;rsm;oGm;a&mufrnf
jzpfNyD; ESMP ESihf tjcm;qufEG,fonhfab;uif; vkHjcHKa&; owfrSwf
csufrsm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;½Sd r½SdtwnfjyKppfaq;oGm;ygrnf/
obm0ywff0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcGJJrIudpö&yfrsm;yg0ifonhfBuD;Muyfppfaq;
a&;tpD&ifcHpmudkvnf;pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;vTrf;jcHKuGif;qif;ppfaq;a&;tpD&ifcHpm
wGifxnhfoGif;azmfjyoGm;ygrnf/ MuHKawGU&onhf obm0ywf0ef;usif qdkif&m
udpö&yfrsm;tusOf;csKyfudkvnf;urÇmhbPfokdYwifjyonhftaumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Gufjcif;ESpf0uftpD&ifcHpmwGifxnhfoGif;tpD&ifcHwifjy&ygrnf/
urÇmhbPf\tcsdefZ,m;tvdkufaqmif&GufonhfBuD;Muyfppfaq;a&;c&D;pOfrsm;
tawmtwGif; ¤if;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk oHk;oyfppfaq;oGm;ygrnf/
7/ epfemrIrsm;ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;vkyfief;pOf
þ ESMF taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihfqufpyfonhf wdkifMum;rIrsm;ESihf
epfemrIrsm;tm;pDrHudef;epfemrIrsm;ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;vkyfief;pOft&ajz½Sif;
aqmif&Gufygrnf/pDrHudef;epfemrIrsm;ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;vkyfief;pOftESpfcsKyf
tm;t*FvdyfbmomESihfjrefrmbmom(2)rsdK;tjyifoufqdkif&mwdkif;&if;om;bm
ompum;rsm;jzihfygazmfjyrnfjzpfNyD;pmjzihfa&;om;xm;onhfpmtkyf^pmwrf;
rsm;?tifwmeufponfrsm;tygt0ifrD'D,menf;vrf;trsdK;rsdK;jzihfjynfolrsm;od½Sd
Edkifap&ef azmfjyygrnf/ xdkYjyif ¤if;wdkYtm;a'ocHjynfolrsm; oGm;vm&tqif
ajyonhfae&mrsm;wGifvnf;azmfjyaMumfjimrnfjzpfovdktrsm;jynfoltMuHjyK
aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;? WUGs tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGifvnf;½Sif;vif; today;oGm;ygrnf/
pDrHudef;\oufa&mufrIcHpm;&olrsm;taejzihf¤if;wkdY\epfemrIrsm;tm;aqmif&Guf
ajz½Sif;ay;EdkifonhftpDtpOf½SdaMumif; od½Sdem;vnfEdkifap&ef &nf&G,fygonf/
þpDrHudef;t& WUG rsm;taejzihf wdkifMum;csufrsm;ESihf epfemrIrsm;udk
ajz½Sif;aqmif&Guf&efyxrqHk;tqihftzGJUtpnf;tjzpf½Sdygonf/
oufqdkif&mqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;ESihfajr,mzGHUNzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;twGuf
pDrHudef;yHkpHESihftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;rsm;t&yHhydk;rnhfaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;
rsm;rpwifrSD pDrHudef;\ ueOD; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;tqihfwGif
WUG rsm;tm;zGJUpnf;&ygrnf/ WUG tzGJUrsm;wGif epfemrIqdkif &mwm0efcH
yk*¾dKvfrsm;cefYtyfítqdkyg wdkifMum;csufrsm;^tMuHjyKcsufrsm;tm; vufcHjcif;?
ajz½Sif;jcif;SihfrSwfwrf;wifjcif;rsm;udkaqmif&Gufygrnf/epfemrIqdkif&mwm0efcH
onf OD;pGmwifjyvmonhf epfemrIudpö&yfrsm;udk ppfaq; oHk;oyf&ygrnf/
tu,fíepfemrIrsm;onfawmifolrsm;tMum;v,f,majre,fowfrsOf;qdkif&m
udpö&yfrsm;jzpfyguawmifolpDrHcefYcGJonhfpepfESihfywfoufíoufa&mufrIrsm;
avQmhcsEdkif&efESpfOD;ESpfzufulnDaqmif&Gufay;&rnfjzpfNyD;awmifolrsm;tMum;t
jcm;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;jzpfyguoufqdkif&mawmifolrsm;tm;ac:,lawGUqHkí ESMF
ygazmfjycsufrsm;ESihfudkufnDpGm ½Sif;vif;tajz½Smaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfNyD; oD;jcm;
(third party)tzGJU tpnf;\ yHhydk;rIjzihf aqmif&Gufygrnf/ (oD;jcm; third party
0efaqmifrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;\tcef;u@tao;pdwftm;LRPFwGifMunhfEdkifyg
onf/)ေwmifolrsm;tMum;ay:aygufonhfwdkifMum;csufrsm;ESihf tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;
twGufaqmif&Guf&rnfhvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;tao;pdwfudkLRPFwGifazmfjyxm;yg
onf/
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;rSepfemonhfyk*¾dKvf^tpktzGJUrsm;taejzihfpDrHudef;ab;uif;
vHkjcHKa&;enf;vrf;rsm;tm; aumif;pGmod½Sdem;vnfNyD; pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;okdY
rMumcPuGif;qif;aqmif&GufaeonhfoD;jcm; (third party)tzGJU tpnf;
rsm;xHokdYar;cGef;rsm;?tqdkjyKcsufrsm;wdkuf½kdufwifjyEdkifygonf/ oD;jcm; (third
party)tzGJUtpnf;taejzihfa'o{&d,mrsm;wGifqufoG,f&rnhftcsuftvufrsm;
udk½Sif;vif;pGmqdkif;bkwfrsm;jzihfazmjfytoday;&rnfjzpfNyD;epfemrI½Sdonhfjynfol
rsm;taejzihf¤if;wkdYtm;today;aqmif&GufEkdifaMumif;zdwfac:&ygrnf/trsm;
jynfoltMuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udkvnf;aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;rpwifrSDa&t
oHk;jyKolrsm;^awmifolrsm;tygt0ifa'ocHjynfolrsm;twGuf tpOfajyrnhf
tcsdef^ae&mrsm;wGifusif;y&ygrnf/ PMU ESihfqufoG,faqmif&Gufaeonhf
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mynm½Sifrsm;onftqdkygtMuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;
wGifyg0ifrnfjzpfNyD;aqmif&Guf&ef½Sdaomaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;\oabmo
bm0?½SdvmEdkifonhfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&moufa&mufrIrsm;?&ydkifcGihf
qdkif&mowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihfepfemrIajz½Sif;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;tm;a'ocHjynfol
rsm;udktoday;½Sif;jy&ygrnf/bmomjyefqdkxm;onhf ESMFudktMuHjyKaqG;aEG;
yGJwufa&mufolrsm;toHk; jyKEdkifap&efESihf PIC a'ocH½kH;wGifavhvmEdkifap&ef
pDpOfxm;½Sdrnfjzpfonf/ oD;jcm; (third party) tzGJUtpnf; onf pDrHudef;
ae&mrsm;okdYyHkrSefuGif;qif;oGm;a&mufrnfjzpfNyD;a'ocHjynfolrsm;xHrSepfemrIESihf
ywfoufonhf tcsuftvufrsm;udk wdkuf½dkufvufcH&,lrnfjzpfonf/
oD;jcm; (third party)tzGJUtpnf;onf vlrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm; wGiftav;xm;
aqmif&Gufrnfjzpfaomamumihf PMU ESihf qufoG,faqmif&Gufonfh ynm½Sif
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qdkif&mMOAI0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifrnfjzpfNyD;¤if;wdkYtm;oufqdkif&mtaumiftxnf
azmfa&;Xmersm;rStcsdefjynfhpepfjzifh PMU odkY ajymif;a&TU wm0ef xrf;aqmif
apygonf/ pDrHudef; tydkif;wpfckcsif;pDESifh tydkif;cGJrsm; taumiftxnf
azmfaqmif&Gufjcif;udkXmeqdkif&mpDrHudef; taumiftxnfazmfa&;Xmepdwfrsm;rS
wpfqifhaqmif&Gufygrnf/ PMU taejzifh pDrHudef;taumiftxnf azmf
aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh axmufyHha&;? b@ma&; pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? ab;uif;vHkjcHK
a&;udpö&yfrsm; pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? tzGJUtpnf;twGif;ESifh jyifypm&if;ppfaq;jcif;?
pDrHudef; avhvmppfaq; tuJjzwfjcif; (M & E) pepfrsm; wnfaxmifjcif;rsm;
tygt0ifb@ma&;xdef;odrf;rIqdkif&mtpDtrHrsm;twGufvTrf;jcHKnd§EdIif;aqmif
&GufrIrsm;udkwm0ef,l&ygrnf/ MOAI \taumiftxnfazmfa&; pGrf;&nfjznfh
qnf;&efvdktyfonfhae&mrsm;wGifjynfyynm&Sifrsm;udkac:,ltoHk;jyKygrnf/þ
tydkif;taejzifh M&E pepfESifhpDrHcefYcGJrIowif; tcsuftvufpepfrsm;
xlaxmifjcif;?yg0ifEdkifcGifh&Sdaom M & E qufoG,f a&;ESifh tMuHjyK
aqG;aEG;yGJtpDtpOf? jyifyrS ac:,lonfh 0efxrf;vpmrsm;? oufqdkif&m
½kH;ypönf;rsm;ESifh c&D;oGm;vmjcif;rsm; tygt0if qufEG,fonfh enf;ynm
qdkif&mtMuHay;0efaqmifrIrsm;twGuf b@ma&; yHhydk;oGm;ygonf/
tpdwftydkif;(4) ta&;ay:tajctaeajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;
þbwf*sufrJhtpdwftydkif;\ OD;wnfcsufrSm obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;?
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;twGufvdktyfonfhjyifqifrIrsm;ESifhjrefqefonfhajz&Sif;
rIrsm; yHhydk;ay;Edkif&ef tjcm;tydkif;rsm;udk acs;aiGrsm;tm; jrefqefpGm jyefvnf
cGJa0csxm;jcif;vdktyfovdk aqmif&GufEdkif&efjzpfonf/
tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&mtpDtrHrsm;
ADSP\ taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGJUtpnf;rSm MOAI jzpfygonf/
A[dktqifhwGif pDrHudef;? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh BuD;Muyfa&;twGuf pDrHudef;
uGyfuJa&;aumfrwD PSC udkzGJUpnf;ygrnf/NrdKUe,ftqifhwGifnd§EdIif;a&;
vkyfief;rsm; twGuf ACC tm; wm0ef,laqmif&Gufapygonf/
MOAI twGif;rSmyif PMU tm; zJGJUpnf;rnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;taejzifh aeYpOf
pDrHudef; pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh nd§EdIif;aqmif&GufrIrsm; (ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tygt0if)
udkwm0ef,l&ygrnf/ PMU tm; tcsdefjynfh PMU refae*smrS OD;aqmifygrnf/
PMU wGif ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;nd§EdIif;a&;rSL;cefYtyfrnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;taejzifh PMU
refae*smodkYwdkuf½dkuftpD&ifcH&ygrnf/pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;vufawGUtumift
xnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;udk MOAIXmersm;&Sd pDrHudeftaumiftxnfazmfa&;
Xmepdwfrsm;(PIUs)rsm;rSmvdktyfonfhenf;ynmqdkif&muRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifhtwloD;
jcm; (third Party) taumiftxnfazmfa&;rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzifh taumif
txnfazmfaqmif&Gufygrnf/pDrHudef;tydkif;(1)taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf
qnfajrmif;OD;pDXme (ID) rS (SLRD) ESifh pufrIv,f,mOD;pD;Xme (AMD)
rsm;\ enf;ynmtultnDjzihf wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ pDrHudef; tydkif;
(2) taumiftxnfazmfa&;ESifh ywfoufí pdkufysKd;a&;OD;pD;Xme (DOA) ESifh
¤if;XmecGJrsm;rS pdkufysKd;a&;okawoeOD;pD; Xme (DAK) \ enf;ynmqdkif&m
yHhydk;rIjzifh wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ þpDrHudef;tydkif;&Sd pufrIv,f,m
vkyfief;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf AMD rS wm0ef,laqmif &Guf
&ygrnf/
NrdKUe,ftqifhwGifpDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfa&;aumfrwD(PIC)onfo
abmwlnDxm;onfhvkyfief;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf
wm0ef,l&ygrnf/¤if;wdkYtaejzifh ACC \vrf;ñTefrIjzifh aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
PIC tm; MOAI \taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufrnfhXmersm;tm;vHk;rS
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhzGJUpnf;&rnfjzpfNyD;IDrSOuú|tjzpfaqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf/
PICwGifab;uifးvHkjcHKa&;wm0efcHwpfOD;&SdrnfjzpfNyD;NrdKUe,ftqifhab;uif;vHkjcHK
a&; qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;twGuf oD;jcm; (Third Party) 0efaqmifrItzGJU tpnf;
ESifh teD;uyf nd§EdIif;aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ pDrHudef;taejzifh WUG tzGJUtpnf;
wnfaxmifjcif;ESifhtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&mtm;aumif;ckdifrma&;twGufyHhydk;rnfjzpfNyD;
¤if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf &yf&Gmtqifhqnfajrmif; ESifh wdk;csJUvkyfief;rsm; tpD
tpOfa&;qGJjcif;? aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifhavhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;? vlrIa&;qdkif&m
ab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefYcGJjcif; tp&Sdonfrsm;twGuf tajccHtzGJUtpnf;rsm;
jzpfvmygrnf/
PMU &Sdab;uif;vHkkjcHKa&;nd§EdIif;a&;rSL;rsm;onfþ LRPF taumif
txnfazmfjcif;tygt0ifa,bl,sab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mvdkufemaqmif&GufrI
rsm;t"duwm0efcHaqmif&Gufrnfholjzpfygrnf/ PMU taejzifhpDrHudef;
tumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESifhaxmufyHhydkYaqmifa&;?b@ma&;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;?ab;uif;
vHkjcHKa&;? tzGJUtpnf;twGif;ESifh jyifypm&if;ppfaq;jcif;? pDrHudef; M & E
pepfrsm;xlaxmifjcif;rsm;tygt0ifb@ma&;&mxdrf;odrf;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;t
wGufvTrf;jcHKnd§EdIif; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk wm0ef,l&ygrnf/
þpDrHudef;t&oD;jcm; (Third Party) 0efaqmifrItzGJUtpnf;tm; Xm;&rf;
toHk;jyKíqHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfaqmif&Gufjcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGif;tusKd;cHpm;&
rnfhawmifolrsm;tm; yHhydk;ay;jcif;? DOI \ enf;ynmqdkif&m ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
vufwGJíawmifolrsm;tm;yHhydk;ay;jcif;/DOI\enf;ynmqdkif&mynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
vufwGJíawmifolydkifpepfrsm;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;twGufrQwíyGifhvif;jrifomrI&Sdaom
enf;pepfrsm;zGHUNzdK;ap&efyHhydk;ulnDjcif;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/xdkYjyif¤if;tzGJU
tpnf;onfxdcdkufrI&Sdolrsm;\epfemrIudpö&yfrsm;pkpnf;jcif;ESifh awmifolrsm;\
tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;rsm; pepfwus &Sdap&ef ulnDay;jcif;rsm; tygt0if
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mtaumiftxnfazmfolrsm;tm; avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESifh
aus;&Gmtqifhvdkufemaqmif&GufrIrsm;&Sdap&efavhvmppfaq;jcif;ponfhvkyfief;
rsm;jzifh ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; nd§EdIif;a&;rSL;tm;yHhydk;ulnD&ygrnf/ xdkYjyif
¤if;wdkY\vkyfief;rsm;udktusKd;cHpm;cGifh&onfhawmifolrsm;tMum;?awmifolrsm;
ESifhoufqdkif&m tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf; rsm;tMum; tqifajyacsmarGUapa&;twGuf
t"duxm;aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfovdk enf;ynmqdkif&m yHkpHjyKvkyfief;pOfwGif
vlrIa&;&moufa&mufrIrsm;tm; tjynfht0xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;rI&Sdapa&;twGuf
enf;ynmqdkif&m yHkpHjyKjcif; vkyfief;pOfodkY vlrIa&;&m tcsuftvufrsm;
yHhydk;jznfhqnf;jcif;udkvnf; aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
yHk(1) pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;twGuf zGJUpnf;yHktpDtpOf
(*) vuf&SdOya'a&;&mESifhtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m rlabmifrsm;
ajr,mOya'rsm;
v,f,majrOya'udk 2012ckESpf rwfvwGif jy|mef;usifhoHk;cJhygonf/
tqdkygOya't& ajr,mrsm;tm;vHk; \ rlvydkif&SifrSm EdkifiHawmfjzpfonf[k
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdkYjyif ¤if;Oya't& v,f,majrESifhywfoufí yk*¾vdu
toHk;jyKcGifhwGif a&mif;csydkifcGifh? vJvS,fydkifcGifh? tarGqufcHydkifcGifh? vSL'gef;
ydkifcGifh? iSm;&rf;ESifh aygifESHcGifhrsm; yg0ifonf[k azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ¤if;
v,f,majrOya'wGif awmifolrsm;taejzifh ¤if;wdkY\ toHk;jyKcGifhrsm;udk
xdef;odrf;xm;EdkifonfhowfrSwfcsufrsm;vnf;yg0ifNyD;tqdkygtcGifhta&;rsm;
tm;EdkifiHawmftmPmESifhy,fzsufEdkifjcif;?ajr,mtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;twGufajz&Sif;
aqmif&Gufjcif;vkyfief;pOfESifhEdkifiHawmfrSajr,mrsm;udktrsm;jynfoltusKd;udpö&yf
rsm;twGufaqmif&Guf&efodrf;,lyguepfemaMu;ay;aqmif&eftajccHvdktyfcsuf
rsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/
ajrvGwf? ajr½dkif;ESifhyvyfajr pDrHcefYcGJrI Oya'udkvnf; 2012ckESpfwGif
twnfjyKjy|mef;cJhygonf/ ajrvGwf? ajr½dkif;ESifh yvyfajrrsm; toHk; jyKjcif;
ESifh cGJa0csxm;jcif;rsm;udk þOya'jzifh pDrHcefYcGJygonf/ ¤if;Oya'rS
ajrvGwf? ajr½dkif;ESifh yvyfajrpDrHcefYcGJrIqdkif&m A[dkaumfrwD (CCVFV) tm;
xlaxmif&ef azmfjyxm;NyD; ¤if;aumfrwDonf tqdkyg ajrrsm;tm; toHk;
jyKcGifhcsxm;ay;rIrsm;ESifhywfoufíwm0ef,laqmif&Guf&ygonf/rjzpfraeajr
,modrf;qnf;&rIrsm;ESifhywfoufípDrHcefYcGJ&mwGifrl1894ckESpfajr,modrf;qnf;
jcif;tufOya'rsm;t"duOya'tjzpfqufvufwnf&Sdygonf/tqdkygtufOy
a't&tpdk;&taejzifhtrsm;jynfoltusKd;udpö&yfrsm;twGufajr,modrf;,ljcif;
tm; cGifhjyKxm;NyD; ,if;twGuf ajrydkifqdkifolrsm;tm; epfemaMu;ay;&efvnf;
azmfjyxm;ygonf/tqdkygazmfjycsufrsm;wGifajr,modrf;,ljcif;twGufvdktyf
aomtoday;EdI;aqmfjcif;?uefYuGufjcif;(odkY)t,lcH0ifjcif;ponfvkyfief;pOfrsm;
ESifhajrwefzdk;owfrSwfjcif; enf;pepfrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;
v,f,majrrsm;twGuf t"du wm0ef,laqmif&GufonfhtzGJUtpnf;rSm
MOAI jzpfygonf/0efBuD;Xme taejzifh ajr,mtoHk;jyKrI tpDtpOfrsm;?
a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;? qnfajrmif;? pufrIv,f,m? aMu;wdkif;ESifhajrpm&if;?
tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;twGufwm0ef,lBuD;Muyfaqmif&GufEdkif&efOD;pD;Xmersm;&Sdyg
onf/ v,f,majrpDrHcefYcGJrI tzGJUtpnf; (FMB) ESifh CCVFV
(2012ckESpftwGif; jy|mef;cJhonfh azmfjyyg Oya'ESpf&yft& xlaxmif cJhjcif;
jzpfonf/) tzGJUrsm;onf tqdkygoufqdkif&m Oya'rsm;t& pDrHcefYcGJonfh
ajr,mtoHk;jyKcGifhtwGuf avQmufxm;rIrsm; pDppftwnfjyKjcif;rsm;udk wm0ef
,laqmif&Guf&ygonf/
C/ urÇmhbPfvkyfief;rl0g' (OP 4.12)
urÇmhbPf\ vkyfief;rl0g'(OP – 4.12) onf atmufyg OD;wnfcsuf
atmifjrifap&ef &nf&G,fygonf/
(u) tu,fí vufawGUjzpfEdkifacs&Sdaom (odkY) tenf;qHk; avsmh
csEdkifNyD; pDrHudef;yHkpHESifh ywfoufí tjcm; tm;xm;Edkifonfh
enf;vrf; rsm;tm; avhvmqef;ppf&ef tajctae&Sdygu qE
tavQmuf r[kwf aomajrodrf;,ljcif; udpö&yfrsm;udk a&SmifvTJ
&efjzpfygonf/
(c) tu,fí a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rltm; a&SmifvTJ&ef rjzpfEdkifygu
,if;odkYa&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;&rIrsm;udka&&SnfwnfwHhatmifjrif
aomzGHUNzdK;a&;tpDtpOftjzpfrSwf,l?aqmif&Guf&efESifhpDrHudef;t&
a&TUajymif;&olrsm;tm;pDrHudef;tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;rQa0cHpm;Edkifap&ef
ESifhvHkavmufaom&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIt&if;tjrpfrsm;udkjznfhqnf;ay;&yg
rnf/a&TUajymif;&olrsm;tm;t"dyÜg,fjynfhpGmaqG;aEG;tMuHay;wdkif
yifjcif;ESifha&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rItpDtpOfpDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif;ESifht
aumiftxnfazmfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0if&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;
zefwD;ay;jcif;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
(*) a&TUajymif;&olrsm;\oufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;ESifhvlaerlb0
tqifhtwef;rsm;wdk;wufa&mif;rGefapa&;(odkY)tenf;qHk;rlvt
wdkif;qufvufwnf&Sdaea&;twGufulnDyHhydk;&rnfjzpfNyD;vufawGU
tm;jzifhra&TUajymif;rDSumv&Sdtqifhtwef;(odkY)rnfonfhenf;vrf;
t&jzpfapydkrdkjrifhrm;onfhtqifhtwef;tm;owfrSwfípDrHudef;t
aumiftxnfazmfrIueOD;vkyfief;rsm;rpwifrSDtcsdefumv&Sd¤if;t
qifhtwef;twdkif;tenf;qHk;wlnDonfhtqifhtwef;xdrf;xm;Edkif
ap&ef aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
þrl0g't&urÇmhbPftultnDjzifhaqmif&Gufonfh&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIpDrHudef;
rsm;ESifhqEtavQmufr[kwfaomajr,modrf;qnfjcif;rsm;aMumifhatmufyg&v'f
rsm; jzpfapaom wdkuf½dkkufpD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlrIa&;&m oufa&mufrI rsm; yg
0ifygonf/
(1) ae&ma&TUajymif;&jcif;(odkY) rSDcdkaexdkif&m qHk;½HI;jcif;
(2) ypönf;rsm;(odkY) ¤if;ypönf;rsm;tm; toHk;jyKEdkifrIqHk;½HI;jcif;
(3) tqdkygoufa&mufrIcH&onfh jynfolrsm;taejzifh tjcm;ae&modkY
a&TUajymif;&onfjzpfap?ra&TUajymif;&onfjzpfap¤if;wdkY\0ifaiGt
&if;tjrpfrsm;(odkY)toufarG;0rf;aMumif;vkyfief;rsm;xddcdkufqHk;½HI;
jcif;ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/¤if;onfrnfonfhb@ma&;&mt&if;tjrpf
udktoHk;jyKonfjzpfapqE´tavQmufr[kwfaomajrodrf;qnf;jcif;
udkjzpfaponfhpDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;tay:oufa&mufrI&Sdonf/
þrl0g't&a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rI vkyfief;tpDtpOf(odkY) oufa&mufrI
cH&onfhjynfolrsm;tm;¤if;wdkYtwGufa&G;cs,f&efenf;vrf;rsm;?tcGifhta&;rsm;
ESifh ywfoufí today;jcif;? tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;? a&G;cs,f enf;
vrf;rsm; urf;vSrf;jcif;? enf;ynmqdkif&mESifh pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m vufawGU
usaoma&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rItjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;?¤if;wdkY\a&TUajymif;ae&mcs
xm;rIESifhypönf;qHk;½HI;rIrsm;twGuftjynfht0umrdonfhepfemaMu;rsm;xda&muf
jrefqefpGmjznfhqnf;jcif;? EdkifiHwumwefzdk;owfrSwfrI pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh
enf;Oya'rsm;ponfrsm;twGufenf;vrf;rsm;yg0ifaoma&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;
jcif; rl0g'rlabmifudk aiGacs;,lolrS aqmif&Gufwifjy&ef vdktyfygonf/
ajr,mESifhypönf;qHk;½HI;rIrsm;twGuf epfemaMu;ESifh ywfoufonfh
trsKd;om; Oya'onf a&TUajymif;p&dwf t& ypönf;qHk;½HI;&rIrsm;twGuf
epfemaMu;qdkif&m OP 4.12 \ ta&;ygonfh enf;Oya'rsm;ESifh
tvm;o@mef wlnDrI&Sdygonf/ odkYaomf OP 4.12 onf ydkrdkí tao;
pdwfazmfjycsufrsm; yg0ifNyD; trsKd;om;Oya'wGif rawGU&onfh tjcm; vdktyf
csufrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/ Oyrm- a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rI vkyfiefး
tpDtpOf jyifqifaqmif&Gufjcif;? tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;ESifh trsm;
jynfoltm; today; aMujimjcif;ponfhwdkYjzpfygonf/ þpDrHudef;t&
uGm[csufrsm;&Sdaeygu þ LRPF yg azmfjycsufrsm;ESifh OP 4.12 rsm;t&
OD;pm;ay;aqmif&GufoGm; ygonf/ LAAP wGif ta&;udpörsm;jzpfay:Edkifonfh
oufa&mufrIrsm;ESifh qufEG,fonfh tao;pdwf uGm[csufrsm;udk azmfjyNyD;
OP 4.12 ESifh tjynfht0ukdufnDap&ef uGm[csufrsm;tm; jznfhqnf;Edkifrnfh
aqmif&GufrItao;pdwftqifhrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;ygrnf/
(i) tvm;tvm&Sdonfh oufa&mufrIESifh ab;tEÅ&m,ftwdkif;twm
t"duusonfh pDrHudef;\ oufa&mufrIcH&ol (PAP) trsm;pkrSm
ti,fpm; vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufol awmifolrsm; jzpfygonf/ þpDrHudef;t&
ajr,m^ypönf;odrf;,lcH&olrsm;rSma,bl,stm;jzifhqnfajrmif;ESifha&EIwfajrmif;
tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;ESifhajr,mzGHUNzdK;a&;prf;oyftpD
tpOfrsm;rSwkduf½dkuftusKd;cHpm;&rnfol yg0ifaqmif&GufcGifh&Sdolrsm;omjzpfyg
onf/ >cif;csuftaejzifh t"duESifh Secondary wl;ajrmif;rsm; jyefvnf
xlaxmifjcif;\oufa&mufrIcH&onfhyk*¾vduypönf;ydkifqdkifolrsm;wGifawmifolr
[kwfolrsm;vnf;yg0ifEdkifNyD;¤if;wdkYtaejzifhpDrHudef;rStusKd;cHpm;&rnfr[kwfay?
odkYaomfþpDrHudef;t& ,if;odkY tjzpf tysufrsm;trsm;tjym;jzpfEkdifajcr&Sdyg/
pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;aqmif&GufcJhonfhvlrIa&;&mtuJjzwf csuft&
tcsKdUaomArmvlrsKd;r[kwfonfh awmifolrsm; pDrHudef;{&d,mtwGif;wnf&SdNyD;
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Step Current procedures Implementing
agencyWeaknesses identified Proposed procedure
1 Identification of the potential LI site SLRD/ID No change is required
2
Expression of interest to a farm community in LI
project and preliminary agreement with land users
SLRD The LI practices, community
participation and public displays
are not established. They vary
from place to place
Establish clear guidelines for all
processes and share them with village
communities approached for LI
project before the start of the project
3
Checking of the existing land user right (LUR)
certificates that are based on the cadastral Queen
Maps. All land users shall have LUR certificates
before the start of the project. The land improvement
projects are not implemented in the areas with existing
land conflicts.
SLRD LUR may be accurate LUR be verified or reissued based on
steps 4 below
4
Preparation of the new cadastral maps with re-
shaped/realigned land parcel layouts, infrastructure
(water canals and farm access roads)
SLRD Old Queen Maps are not reliable to
produce new maps and issue new
LUR certificates
Use the modern equipment and
software to produce new Queen maps
and LUR certificates, of which the
accuracy will be verified by land
users.
- No procedures for compensation
if land > 10% has to be acquired
- Develop the procedures for
compensation of land above the
agreed threshold
- Unclear procedure for public
display and consent
- Publicly display all information
- Absence of the impartial dispute
resolution mechanism
- Develop a clear dispute resolution
mechanism including the timeline
before which farmers consent should
be established
6
Documentation of project impact, compensation
strategy, grievance redress and monitoring
mechanism, and other relevant information, their
disclosure, and stakeholder consultations
SLRD (?) - No documentation is required,
disclosed or consulted with
stakeholders
- A resettlement plan will be
developed, disclosed and consulted
with stakeholders in line with
international good practice
- Grievance redress/ dispute
resolution mechanism will be
established with the participation of
WUG prior to LUC issuance.
- No other change is required except
to build on step 4
- It is not clearly required that
compensation has to be paid
before civil works commence
- Compensation, if it has to be
provided, has to be paid before civil
works start
- It is not clearly required that
grievance redress/ monitoring
mechanisms should be established
before compensation payment
commence
- Grievance redress/ monitoring
mechanism will be established before
compensation payment commences in
line with the resettlement plan.
- Grievance redress/ dispute
resolution mechanism is not
required to provide the avenue for
disputes over LUC certification
8
Start of the civil works ID/AMD
5
Open meeting(s) with all land users participating in the
scheme (as long as it takes) to verify a new layout of
their land parcel(s), loss of land and how they should
be addressed (land donations or compensation). Land
donations are allowed only if scale of loss is less than
10% of the productive land holding. A written
agreement of all land users is required to move to the
next step
SLRD
7
Preparation and issuance of new LUR certificates, new
cadastral maps, and new land revenue records
SLRD
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a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifhywfoufípDpOfjcif;?yHkpHjyKjcif;rsm;udkqnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme
\enf;ynmtultnDjzifhawmifolrsm;udk,fwdkifaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ oD;jcm;
Third Party tzGJUtpnf;onf tqdkygvkyfief; pOfESifhywfoufí tvm;
tvm&Sdaom tusKd;chHpm;&rnfh awmifolrsm;\ tMum;nd§EdIif;rIrsm;tm;
yHhydk;ulnD&ygrnf/
rnfonfhajr,modrf;qnf;jcif;(odkY)tdrfaxmifpkrsm;½kyfydkif;qdkif&ma&TU
ajymif;&jcif;rsm; vdktyfrnf r[kwfyg/ odkYaomf WUG rsm;rS ¤if;wdkY\
oufqdkif&m a&pD;ajrmif;,lepfrsm;&Sd a&G;cs,fwifjyvmonfh qnfajrmif;
jyóemrsm;udkajz&Sif;Edkif&eftao;pm;jyefvnfcsdefnd§jcif;rsm;?e,fajrwdk;csJU
jcif;ESifhajr,mtoHk;jyKrItajymif;tvJrsm;ponfvkyfief;rsm;yg0ifEdkifygonf/
a&pD;ajrmif;tqifhv,f,majr qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm; wdk;wufap&ef
aqmif&Gufonfhtao;pm;vkyfief;trsKd;tpm;rsm;ESifh WUG tzGJU0if rsm;rS
a&G;cs,fwifjyonfhjyóemrsm; tay: rlwnfaomfvnf; a,bl,stm;jzifh
ajratmufydkufvkdif;rsm;?wl;ajrmif;rsm;ESihfajrmif;rsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;?
vrf;aMumif;rsm; wnfaqmufjcif;? a&pD;ajrmif;rsm; oefY&Sif;jcif;ESifh
awmifolrsm; ydkifqdkifonfh v,f,majrrsm;twGif; wl;ajrmif;ESifhajrmif;rsm;
topfwl;azmfjcif;wdkYyg0ifEdkifygonf/vkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;eD;yg;udkawmifol
rsm;udk,fwdkif aqmif&Guf&rnf jzpfNyD; ID rS yHhydk;ulnDEdkifygonf/
tqdkygwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;taejzifhwnf&SdNyD;v,fuGufrsm;
jyefvnfpDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;omjzpfív,fuGuftcif;tusif;\usKd;aMumif;
qDavsmfonfhtao;pm;jyKjyifrGrf;rHrIrsm;omjzpfapEdkifNyD;ajr,mydkifqdkifrIESifh
v,fuGufrsm;\e,fowfrsOf;rsm;tay:oufa&mufrIr&Sdyg/
tusKd;cHpm;rnfhawmifolrsm;rS pdkufysKd;a&;twGuf vuf&SdtoHk;jyKae onfh
tvGefao;i,faom v,f,majr yrmPomvQif wl;ajrmif;rsm;?
ajrmif;rsm;ESifhvrf;aMumif;rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJrnfjzpfovdk ,if;udkvnf;
awmifolrsm;rS a&G;cs,faqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf/ tu,fí ¤if;wdkYu
tqdkygvkyfief;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf&efa&G;cs,fygutqdkygvkyfief;rsm;aqmif
&Guf&ef tcsKdUaom yk*¾vduydkifypönf; rsm;jzpfonfh opfyifrsm;ESifh
wnfaqmufrIrsm;tm; z,f&Sm;&efvdktyfEdkifonf/ awmifolrsm;taejzifh
¤if;wdkYydkifqdkifonfhv,fuGufrsm;\tpdwftydkif;tjzpfjyefvnfpDpOfxm;onfh
v,fuGufrsm;twGif; wnfaqmufxm;aom wl;ajrmif;rsm;? ajrmif;rsm;?
vrf;rsm;tm; qufvufydkifqdkif pDrHcefYcGJ&rnfjzpfonf/
v,fuGufrsm;tm;jyefvnfpDrHcefYcGJonfhyHkpHay:rlwnfípdkufysKd;a&;twGuf
awmifolrsm;toHk;jyKEdkifonfhajrt&G,ftpm;tenf;i,favsmhenf;oGm;rI&SdEdkif
ovdk0ifaiG,m,DxdcdkufrIvnf;&SdEdkifygonf/odkYaomftusKd;cHpm;cGifh&Sdonfh
awmifolrsm;udk,fwdkifpDrHcefYcGJonfhqnfa&&&SdrIydkrdkwdk;wufaumif;rGefvm
jcif;jzifhtqdkyg,m,D0ifaiGqHk;½I;rI yrmPxuf ydkrdk&&Sdvmrnfjzpfygonf/
awmifolpDrHcefYcGJonfhpepfrsm;twGuf aqmif&Gufonfhvkyfief;rsm;NyD;pD;ygu
oD;ESH&moD (1)odkY (2) &moDumvtwGif; ukefxkwfvkyfrI umrdonfxuf
ydkrdkonfhyrmP&Sdvmrnf[karQmfvifhygonf/oD;jcm; third party tzGJUtpnf;
rsm;taejzifhawmifolrsm;tm;ulnDoGm;rnfjzpfovdkawmifolrsm;Mum;tqdkyg
,m,D0ifaiGqHk;½HI;rIrsm;avQmhcsEdkifa&;twGufvnf;yHhydk;oGm;ygrnf/tu,fí
awmifolrsm;taejzifhjyefvnftultnDay;rIrSwpfqifhtjcm;awmifolrsm;t
ay:usa&mufonfhqdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIrsm;udkavsmhcsrnfhenf;vrf;ESifhywf
oufíoabmwlnDcsufr&&SdygupDrHudef;tm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf
rnfr[kwfyg/xdkYaMumifh OP 4.12onf tqdkygwl;ajrmif;trsKd;tpm;
twGufjzpfaprnfr[kwfyg/pDrHudef;a&;qGJpOfrSpíaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;
NyD;pD;NyD; 2 vMumonftxdoD;jcm; third PartytzGJUtpnf;onf pDrHudef;
ae&mrsm;odkYtenf;qHk;wpfvwpfcgoGm;a&mufíawmifolrsm;\oabmwlnD
csuftm;rnfodkY&&SdtaumiftxnfazmfonfudkavhvmoabmwlnDcsuftm;
rnfodkY &&Sdtaumiftxnfazmfonfudk avhvmppfaq;&efESifh LRPF \
yl;wGJ(3)ygyHkpHudktoHk;jyKíawmifolrsm;\vkyfief;tpDtpOftrsKd;tpm;rsm;
oufa&mufrI twdkif;twmESifh ¤if;wdkYtm; avsmhcs&ef rnfodkY oabm
wlnDcsufwnfaqmufonfponfhtcsufrsm;udkrSwfwrf;wif&rnf/
txl;ojzifh oD;jcm; Third Party tzGJUtpnf;onf atmufygwdkYudk pDppfí
awmifolrsm;\ vkyfief;tpDtpOfwGif rSwfwrf;wif&rnf/
(1) awmifolrsm;ydkifqdkifípDrHcefYcGJonfhpepfrsm;&SdpDrHudef;aqmif&GufrIrsm;rS
wdkuf½dkuftusKd;cHpm;&rnfh oufa&mufrIcH&onfh jynfolrsm;tm;vHk;?
(2)awmifolydkifqdkifípDrHcefYcGJonfhpepfrsm;&SdpDrHudef;taxmuftuljyK
zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&Guf&ef jiif;qdkjcif;(odkY)ryg0if&ef
a&G;cs,fjcif;rsm;aqmif&GufcGifh&SdaMumif;oufa&mufcH&onfh
jynfolrsm;tm;vHk;rSod&SdMujcif;?(3)v,f,mpdkufuGufrsm;jyefvnfpDpOf
jcif;(okdY)jyefvnftultnDay;jcif;qdkif&mowfrSwfcsufrsm;twGufrnf
olwpfOD;wpfa,mufrSzdtm;ay;cH&jcif;r½SdaMumif;?(4)pDrHudef;vkyfief;
rsm;\enf;ynmtpdwftydkif;rsm;t&qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;oD;ESH
&moD(2)&moDtwGif;pDrHudef;\&v'ftjzpfwdk;vmonfh0ifaiGyrmPrS
tjynhft0jyefvnfumrdEdkifjcif;½Sdr½SdponfwdkYjzpfonf/
39/ oabmwlnDcsuf&,lcJhonhftpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;rsm;udk awmifolrsm;\
vkyfief;tpDtpOfESihftwl yl;wGJí DI rS ¤if;wkdYtm; zdkifwGJum urÇmhbPf\
usyef;oHk;oyfcsuftwGufaqmif&Guf&rnf/yg0ifaqmif&GufcGihf½Sdaomppfaq;t
uJjzwfjcif;rsm;udkoufa&mufrIcHjynfolrsm;ESihftwl wGJíaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfNyD;
¤if;wdkYrS epfemrIESihf rauseyfcsufrsm;udk enf;vrf;jzihfaqmif&GufEdkifonf/
tu,fíoD;ESH&moD(2)&moDtwGif;xkwfvkyfrIESifh0ifaiGqHk;½HI;rIrsm;jyefvnfumrd
jcif;r½SdygupDrHudef;rS ,m,D0ifaiGyHhydk;rIaqmif&Gufygrnf/
aus;&Gmwkd;csJUynma&;pifwmrsm;ESihfrsdK;aphxdef;odrf;odkavSmifjcif;?
wefzdk;xyfaqmif;vkyfief;pOft*Fg&yfrsm; (Value added)
vuf½Sdwnfae&mrsm;twGif;½Sdwnf½SdNyD;aus;&Gmwdk;csJUa&;pifwmrsm;?
jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;(odkY)topfwnfaqmufxm;onhfpifwmrsm;jyefvnfxl
axmifjcif; (okdY) vuf½SdEdkifiHawmfydkifajray:½Sd tpdk;& taqmuftOD;rsm;tm;
jynhfpHkatmifjznhfqnf;aqmif&Gufjcif;ponfrsm;udkþpDrHudef;rSaqmif&Gufyg
rnf/ rnfonhfajr,modrf;qnf;jcif; (okdY) toHk;jyKcGihfqHk;½IH;jcif;rsdK;rQ
ay:aygufrnfr[kwfyg/rsdK;aphodkavSmifjcif;ESihf wefzdk;xyfaqmifvkyfief;pOfrsm;
twGuf yHhydk;rIt*Fg&yftenf;i,fudkom &yf&Gm (okdY) awmifolydkifajray:wGif
aqmif&Gufygrnf/tqdkygyHhydk;rIt*Fg&yfrsm;twGufae&majrtenf;i,fomvdktyf
rnfjzpfNyD; ,if;udkvnf; wdkuf½dkuftusdK;cHpm;cGihf½Sdol tpktzGJUrsm; (WUG
(okdY)trsdK;orD;tpktzGJU)rStqdkygt*Fg&yfrsm;tm;¤if;wkdY\aus;&Gmrsm;wGifwnf
aqmuf&efa&G;cs,frSomvQifaqmif&Gufygrnf/tqdkygaus;&GmcHpm;cGifh½Sdol
tpktzGJUrsm;tm; tqdkygt*Fg&yfrsm;twGuf ae&majrvSL'gef; jcif;udkvnf;
þ LRPFygvkyfief;pOf?vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;pnf;rsOf;rsm;twdkif; aqmif&Gufygrnf/
qnfrsm;\ vHkjcHKa&;wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef vkyfief;rsm;
þpDrHudef;rStuJjzwfaqmif&Gufxm;onhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;okdYa&
jznhfqnf;rnhfqnf(4)ckESihfywfoufíjyifqifa&;umvtwGif;ab;uif;vHkjcHK
a&;qdkif&mavhvmrIaqmif&Gufxm;csufrsm;\tMuHjyKcsufrsm;tay:tajccHípDrH
udef;\qnfajrmif;tpDtpOfrsm; a&&½SdEdkifrnhfqnfrsm;\vHkjcHKa&;ESif vkyfief;
aqmif&GufrIrsm;aumif;rGefwdk;wufap&eftcsdKUaomaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;tcsdKU
udkaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;aqmif&Gufrnhfvuf
awGUjzpfxGef;EkdifrIavhvmcsuftaejzihfpDrHudef;rSaiGaMu;yHhydk;rnhfaqmufvkyfa&;
vkyfief;rsm;\trsdK;tpm;ESifhyrmPudkowfrSwfrnfjzpfNyD;¤if;wkdYwGif
atmufygrsm;yg0ifygonf/(1) gullies ESihf a&wdkufpm; rItayguf rsm;
jyifqifjcif;tygt0if wmwrHjyifqifjcif;? Toe a&Ekyfajrmif;rsm; jyifqifjcif;?
a&Ekyfajrmif;qifajcavsmrsm;rGrf;rHjcif;? Relief Well rsm;wyfqifjcif;?
wmwrHrsufESmjyif tumtuG,frsm; aumif;rGefapjcif;? xdyfpGef;rsm; (crest) udk
jAKef;tumaqmif&Gufjcif;? (Srancelar Fill)? ,dkpdrfhrIrsm;udkwdkif;wmonhf
wmwrHrsm;ESihf rsufESmjyifwdkif;wmonhf tcsufjypepfrsm;? Pierometers
rsm;wyfqifjcif;? (2) wmwrHESihf avQmvdkif;rsm; (chute) \
t&nftaoG;aumif;rGefapjcif;tygt0if spill wayrsm;jyKjyifjcif;? spillwat chutes
rsm;? ab;eH&Hrsm;ESifh baffle block rsm; jyKjyifjcif: Spillway chutes
rsm;?ab;eH&Hrsm;ESihf baffle block rsm;jyKjyifjcif;? Ekef;pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfief;rsm;ESifh
qnfae&mrsm;okdh oGm;a&mufonfhvrf;rsm;jyKjyifjcif; ponfwdkYyg0ifygonf/
ajrrsm; (okdY) obm0t&if;tjrpftoHk;jyKrI (ig;zrf;jcif;)ponfrsm;tm;
oufa&mufrI½SdEdkifonhfvkyfief;(okYd)tpDtpOfrsm;tm;aiGaMu;yHhydk;rnfr[kwfyg/
xdkYjyifa&avSmifuefrsm;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESihfywfoufívnf;ajymif;vJEdkif zG,fr½Sdyg/
xdkYaMumihfyk*¾vduydkifajrrsm;tm;xdcdkuf^oufa&mufEdkifzG,fr½Sdovdkobm0t&
if;tjrpfrsm;toHk;jyKrIudkvnf;oufa&mufrI½SdEdkifrSmr[kwfyg/ xdkYaMumihf OP
4.12taejzihfqnfrsm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESifhqufEG,fonhfvkyfief;udpö&yfrsm;t
wGuf wpHkw&majz½Sif;&ef ay:aygufap rnfr[kwfyg/
pDrHudef;rS&nf&G,fonhfNrdKUe,frsm;½Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;trsm;pkrSm vGefcJh
onhf 10-20ESpfrsm;uwnfaqmufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;
aqmif&GufcJhonhf vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuf (SA) t&qnfrsm;rlvwnf
aqmufpOftcgua&TUajymif;cJh&onfhjynfoltcsdKUrSmvHkavmufonfhepfem
aMu;&½SdcJhjcif;r½SdMuyg/ (Primary Canals rsm;wnf aqmufjcif;wGifvnf;
twdkif;twmwpfckxd½SdaecJh)/ SA taejzihf þpDrHudef;t& aiGaMu; yHhydk;
&efBudKwifa&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;onhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;(4)cktwGufomtuJ
jzwfaqmif&GufcJhjcif;aMumihf jynhfpHHkaocsmpGm ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsdK; aqmi
&GufEdkifcJhjcif; r½Sdyg/
a,bl,stm;jzihfqnf^a&avSmifuef wnfaqmufjcif;ESihfqufEG,fonhf
ajr,mtarGtESpfqdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;udkajz½Sif;jcif;ESihfywfoufíþpDrHudef;\t
wdkif;twmjyify½SdtpDtpOfrsm;jzihfaygif;pyf aqmif&GufoGm;ygrnf/ Oyrm –
vuf½Sdaqmif&GufaeaomtrsdK;om;ajr,maumfr½Sif?EkdifiHrdwfzufaqmif&GufrI
AsL[m (CPS)ESihf ajr,mqdkif&m EkdifiHtESHUavhvmrI? tMuHjyKcsufrsm; ponf
tm;jzihfurÇmhbPfrSyHhydk;ulnDoGm;ygrnf/ þpDrHudef;t& tvm;tvm½Sdonhf
ajr,mtarGtESpf qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;ESihfywfoufí OP 4.12 (ajr,modrf;
,ljcif;)ESihf ukdufnDpGmjzihf þ LRPF t& jynhfpHkpGm ajz½Sif; aqmif&Guf
oGm;ygrnf/
FSt&aqmif&GufrnhfSA\wpdwfwydkif;tjzpftaumiftxnfazmfumvt
wGif;jynfhpHkonfhppfaq;tuJjzwfcsufudkaqmif&GufípDrHudef;\qnfajrmif;pDrH
udef;rsm;wnfaqmufcJhpOfuoufa&mufrIcHcJhonhf jynfolrsm;? ¤if;wkdYtaejzihf
rnfonhfepfemaMu;ESihftultnD&½SdcJhonhfrnfodkYvuf½SdtoufarG;0rf;aMumif;
jyKaeonfponhftajctaersm;udktuJjzwfppfaq;oGm;ygrnf/ þpDrHudeft&
iSm;&rf;toHk;jyKrnhfoD;jcm;(third party)tzGJUtpnf;rS¤if;tuJjzwfcsuf vkyfief;udk
OD;aqmifrnfjzpfNyD;pDrHudef;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;nd§EdIif;a&;rSL;? urÇmhbPfvkyfief;
tzGJUrsm;\ vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;jzihf aqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSawGU½Sdcsuf
rsm;tm;ajr,mudpö&yfrsm;ESihfywfoufíjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&ESihfaqG;aEG;&efpDpOfxm;
onhfurÇmhbPf\rl0g'a&;&maqG;aEG;yGJtwGuf¤if;?NyD;cJhonhftpdk;&vufxuf
ay:aygufcJhonhftwdwfumvrSa&TUajymif;&olrsm;tm;ajz½Sif;&eftrsdK;om;t
qihfaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;twGuf¤if;?toHk;jyK&eftcsuftvufrsm;tjzpfyg0ifvmygo
nf/a&G;cs,fxm;onhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;(4)ck\twdkif;twmt&wdkuf½dkufquf
EG,fonhftvm;tvm½Sdaomajr,mtarGtESpfudpö&yfrsm;ESihfywfoufíajr,m
odrf;,ljcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOf(LAAP)tm;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;jyKpk
aqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD?¤if;wGifoufa&mufcHjynfolrsm;\toufarG;0rf;aMumif;
vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfxdrf;odrf;xm;Edkifrnhf tpDtOfrsm;? SA t& awGU½Sd&onhf
OP 4 .12ygOD;wnfcsufrsm;ESihfeD;pyfonhftjcm;uGm[ csuf vpf[mcsufrsm;
twGuf tpDtpOfrsm; ponfwdkY yg0ifrnfjzpfygonf/
IPPFtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;onftar&duefa':vm
2ç660ç000cefYukefusrnf[karQmfrSef;xm;NyD;¤if;wGifေtmufygwdkY yg0ifygonf/
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm; cefYrSef;ukefusp&dwf
(USD)
(third Party) 0efaqmifrIay;onhf tjcm;
tpk^tzGJU^yk*¾dKvf
(awmifolrsm; tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;jcif;ESihf yHhydk;jcif;
ukefusp&dwf)
826 ç 046
PMU½Sd ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; nd§EdIif;a&;rSL; 275ç000
PMU \ pkpkaygif;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufp&dwf
(ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tygt0if)
350ç000
M & E\ yg0ifyHhydk;ulnDrI 90ç000
pkpkaygif; 541ç046
aemufqufwGJ 4.1 - pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;wGif owfrSwfcsufESihfjynhfpkHaom
awmifolrsm;tm;vHk; yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf aemufqufwGJvrf;ñTef
(ESMF)\ aemufqufwGJ (9)wGifvnf; wlnDonhf vrf;ñTefcsuf rsm;yg
½Sdygonf/
1/ pDrHudef;ESihfqufEG,fonhf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;tm;vHk;tm; EGrf;yg;
tm;enf;onhf a&toHk;jyKrsm;rS tjynhft0 &½SdEdkif&ef txl;tav;ay;
aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ xdkYaMumihf pDrHudef;taejzihf pDrHudef;tcsuf
tvufrsm;? Stake holder rsm;tm;vHk;xHokdY jzefYa0Edkif&ef oD;jcm; (third party)
0efaqmifrI tzGJU tpnf;tm; yg0ifaqmif&Guf apygonf/
2/ pDrHudef;^wnfae&mtao;pdwfyg0ifrI½Sdaom vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuf
(SA)ukdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;wpfckcsif;pDESihfprf;oyfajr,mzGHUNzdK;a&;wnfae
&mrsm;twGuf FS t& aqmif&Gufygrnf/ SA taejzihf
(1) EGrf;yg;tm;enf;onhfawmifolrsm;tm; a&G;cs,fowfrSwfjcif;
(2) oufqdkifrI½Sdyguwdkif;&if;om;vlenf;pkawmifolrsm;tygt0if
awmifolrsm;ESihf vGwfvyfí BudKwiftoday;rItoGifaqmifaom
tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;usif;yjcif;
(3) awmifolydkifpepfrsm;\pDrHcefYcGJrIESihfajr,mzGHUNzdK;a&;prf;oyftpD
tpOftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;rsm;wGif¤if;wdkYyg0ifaqmif&GufEdkif&ef
tpDtpOfrsm;a&G;cs,fowfrSwfjcif;
(4) a'oqdkif&mvlrIEdkifiHa&;tajctaersm;tuJjzwfjcif;ESihf
a'oqdkif&mqHk;jzwfaqmif&Gufjcif;vkyfief;pOfrS
¤if;wdkYcsefvSyfcH&Edkifonhftajctaersm;tm; tuJjzwfjcif;
3/ pDrHudef;tusdK;jrwfrsm;rQwpGmcGJa0jcif;?a&toHk;jyKolrsm;tay:usa&muf
Edkifonhfqdk;usdK;rsm;avsmhcsjcif;ESifh<uif;usefoufa&mufrIrsm;avsmhcs&eft
pDtpOfrsm;owfrSwfjcif; ponfwdkYtwGuf WUG tzGJUrsm;zGJUpnf;jcif;ESihf
vkyfief;pOfrsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;udpö&yfrsm;wGifcsdKUwJhtm;enf;onhfa&toHk;
jyKolrsm;tm;t"dyÜg,fjynfh0pGmyg0ifEdkif&efcGihfjyKoifhygonf/
tusdK;cHpm;cGihf½Sdonhfawmifolrsm;twGuf vdktyfaom vrf;ñTefcsufESihf
taxmuftyhHrsm;jznhfqnf;Edkif&efoD;jcm;(thirdparty)0efaqmifrItzGJU
tpnf;rsm;udk toHk;jyK&ygrnf/ okdYrSom WUG rsm;zGJUpnf;jcif;ESihf
tcsdefESihftrQ¤if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSmrQwíyg0ifaqmif&GufcGihf½Sdaom
vu©Pm&yfrsm; zGHUNzdK;vmygrnf/
4/ tzGJU0ifa&toHk;jyKolrsm;uJhokdYyifEGrf;yg;tm;enf;onhfa&toHk;jyKolrsm;udk
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onf/
5/ þ ESMF wGifazmfjyxm;onhf vkyfief;pOfrsm;twdkif; yg0ifaqmif
&GufcGihf½SdaomvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;t&pDrHudef;aMumihfxdcdkufepfemrIrsm;ESihf
csdKUwJhtm;enf;aoma&toHk;jyKolrsm;\udpö&yfrsm;udk t"dutm;jzihf WUG
rSwqihf ajz½Sif;aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
6/ csdKUwJhEGrf;yg;onhfa&toHk;jyKolrsm;taejzihfpDrHudef;taumiftxnf
azmfjcif; ESihfywfoufí avhvm ppfaq;jcif;? tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;jcif;
ponfjzihfyg0ifaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/txl;ojzihfxl;jcm;onhfta&;udpörsm;
ESihfywfoufí tuJjzwfjcif;ESihf ajz½Sif;aqmif&Guf&efenf;vrf;rsm;
owfrSwfjcif;rsm;twGuf M & E vkyfief;pOf rsm;wGif yg0if aqmif
&Guf&efcGihfjyK&ygrnf/ yg0ifcGihf½Sdaom M & E vkyfief;rsm;taejzihf
awmifolydkifpepfrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;?ajr,mzGHUNzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDt
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jcif;?rnfonhftzGJU0iftay:rQodomaomoufa&mufrIr½SdapyJtusdK;cHpm;
cGihf½Sdolrsm;tMum;oabmwlnDcsufudktajccHíqdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk
ajz½Sif;aqmif&GufaMumif;ponfwdkYESihfywfoufíppfaq;twnfjyK&yg
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tpnf;taejzihfvnf; WUG tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihfpDrHudef;taumif txnf
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7/ tqihfrsm;tm;vHk;½SdpDrHudef;BuD;Muyfjcif;ESihftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;
qdkif&mtzGJU0ifrsm;taejzihfcsdKUwJhtm;enf;onhfa&toHk;jyKolrsm;\tcuf
tcJESihfpdrfac:rIrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;?¤if;wkdYyg0ifaqmif&GufrIESihfod½Sdem;
vnfyg0ifaqmif&GufrIrsm;twGufaqmif&Guf&eftao;pdwfvdktyfcsufrsm;
ESihfywfoufívnf;aumif;tjynhft0od½Sdem;vnf&ygrnf/tqihftm;vHk;
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pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESihfvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udkod½Sdem;vnf&rnf/(wdk;
csJUv,f,mvkyfom;)rsm;tm;vnf;trsdK;orD;ESihfwdkif;&if;om;awmifol
rsm;tygt0ifcsdKUwJhtm;enf;onhfawmifolrsm;ESihftao;pm;awmifolrsm;
\vdktyfcsufrsm;udkajz½Sif;ay;Edkif&efoifwef;rsm;ESihfavhvm pl;prf;Edkif&ef
todynmrsm;jznhfqnf;ay;&ygrnf/
8/ awmifolrsm;tm;vHk;tm;¤if;wdkYpdkufysdK;rnhfoD;ESHESihfywfoufí
vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,fcGihfjyKoihfygonf/
9/ epfemrIqdkif&mtao;pdwfvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udkþ ESMF ygvkyfief;pOf
rsm;udktajccHíaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/þenf;tm;jzihfpDrHudef;rSay:ayguf
onhfa&GUajymif;rIrsm;ESihfywfoufía'otvdkuf(okdY)wdkif;a'oBuD;tvdkuf
ay:aygufonhfwdkifMum;rIrsm;tm;vHk;tm;jynhfpHkpGmajz½Sif;aqmif&GufEdkifyg
onf/tqdkygvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;taejzihfvnf;aumif;rGefonhfom"uwpfck
taejzihfowfrSwfEdkifrSmjzpfovdkEdkifiHt0Srf;aqG;aEG;yGJESihfoabmwlnDcsuf
rsm;vdktyfonhfcufcJonhfta&;udpörsm;ajz½Sif;&mwGifvnf;toHk;0ifEdkifyg
onf/
10/ vTwfawmf\ajr,mqHk;½IH;rIpHkprf;a&;aumfr½Sift&ajr,mtjiif;yGm;rI
r½Sdonfhae&mrsm;wGifompDrHudef;udktaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufygrnf/
11/ pDrHudef;vkyfief;^&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;ESihfywfoufíqHk;jzwfaqmif&Guf&mwGif
awmifolrsm;yg0ifaqmif&Guf Edkif&ef cGihfjyK&ygrnf/
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qnfajrmif;uGyfuJrIa'orsm;½SdpdkufysdK;ajrrsm;wGifydk;owfaq;toHk;jyKrIrsm;t
vGeftuRHjzpfvmzG,f½Sdygonf/tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;rSe,fpyfjzwfausmfíw&m;r
၀ifwifoGif;vmonhft&nftaoG;nHhzsif;NyD;rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;r½Sdaomydk;owfa
q;rsm;udkawmifolrsm;toHk;jyKvmygutajctaerSmydkrdk;qdk;&Gm;Ekdifygonf/jref
rmEdkifiH½SdqDavsmfaumif;rGefonhfydk;owfaq;rsm;tm;*½kwpdkufudkifwG,ftoHk;jyK
jcif;ESihfywfoufíawmifolrsm;wGiftawGUtMuHKA[kokwenf;yg;ygonf/xdkYt
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aejzihfvrf;rSm;EdkifNyD;aygif;pyfydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESihfenf;vrf;rsm;udk
vdkufem&rnhftpm;obm0ywf0ef;usifudkxdcdkufapEdkifaomtm;jyif;onhfydk;
owfaq;rsm;udk toHk;jyKEdkifacs½Sdygonf/
tu,fíydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrIwdk;wufaumif;rGefjcif;r½SdyguatmufygtusdK;
qufrsm;jzpfvmEdkifygonf/oD;ESH Pollinator rsm;ysufpD;rIaMumihf oD;ESHtxGufEIef;
rsm;avsmhusjcif;?oD;ESHydk;rTm;rsm;\obm0&efolrsm;ysufokOf;jcif;ESihfobm0ydk;
rTm;xdef;csKyfrIqHk;½IH;jcif;rsm;aMumihfoD;ESHydk;rTm;ta&twGufenf;yg;edrfhusjcif;?ydk;
owfaq;'PfcHEdkifaomydk;rTm;rsm;jzpfxGef;vmEdkifjcif;?"gwkydk;owfaq;rsm;wdk;
jr§ihftoHk;jyKjcif;udkwGef;tm;jzpfapjcif;?ajrqDvTmESihfa&npfnrf;rIrsm;jzpfay:jcif;?
iSufrsm;ESihf ig;rsm;tm; tqdyfoihfapjcif;? a&n§d? a&arSmfrsm;jyefYyGm;apjcif;?
awmifolrsm;ydk;owfaq;tqdyfoihfjcif;ESihfusef;rma&;qdk;usdK;rsm;jzpfay:jcif;?
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pDrHudef;aus;&Gmrsm;wGifxda&mufonhfawmifolwpfOD;rSwpfOD;okdYwdk;csJUpe
pfrsm;ESihfcsdwfqufíaygif;pyfydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrI IPM udkrdwfqufjy|mef;oihfonf/
IPMwGif,Ofaus;rI?½kyfydkif;qdkif&m?ZD0aA'qdkif&mESihf"gwkaA'qdkif&mvkyfxHk;vkyf
enf;rsm;udkaygif;pyfíoD;ESHpdkufysdK;&mwGifydk;owfaq;rsm;yrmPtenf;qHk;toHk;
jyKapjcif;rsm;yg0ifygonf/avhvmppfaq;jcif;?erlemjyKjcif;?rSwfwrf;wifjcif;
ponhfenf;vrf;rsm;jzihfydk;rTm;rsm;\yrmPudkpD;yGm;a&;t&xdcdkufEkdifonhfowfrS
wfcsufpHatmufwGifxdef;csKyfxm;Edkif&efvdktyfonhfenf;vrf;rsm;udk
qHk;jzwfcsrSwfEdkifygonf/ IPM \ &nf&G,fcsufrSm ydk;rTm;rsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJjcif;
omjzpfívufawGUrusonhfydk;rTm;rsm;ysufokOf;jcif;udkaqmif&Gufjcif;r[kwfyg/
ADSP twGuf IPM taumiftxnfazmf&mwGifjrefrmEdkifiH \vuf½SdOya'
rlabmifrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;?taumif;qHk;EkdifiHwumvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESihf
vnf;aumif;udkuf nDrI½Sd&ygrnf/
jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd ydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrItajctae
1990rSpí jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ydk;owfaq;Oya'udkjy|mef;cJhNyD; 1991
ckESpfwGif ykd;owfaq;Oya'ESihf qufEG,fonhf vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk
jy|mef;cJhygonf/ tqdkygvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;t& ydk;owfaq;rSwfyHkwif
bkwftzGJUudk 1992 ckESpfwGif zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ tqdkygOya'wGif ydk;owfaq;
pDrHcefYcGJrIESihfywfoufít"dutpdwftydkif;ESpfck\Oya'taMumif;qdkif&mvdktyf
csufrsm;twGufa,bl,sazmfjycsufrsm;yg0ifygonf/
yxrwpfckrSmrSwfyHkwifjcif;tpDtpOfESihf'kwd,wpfckrSmcGihfjyKrdefY(vdkifpif)tpD
tpOfwdkYjzpfygonf/jrefrmEdkifiHwGiftoHk;jyK&ef&nf&G,fonfhrnfonhfydk;owf
aq;rqdkrSwfyHkwifjcif;vkyfief;pOfESihftwljynfhpHkonhfrSwfyHkwifpm&Gufpmwrf;ESihf
rSwfyHkwifjcif;avQmufxm;&ef ukefypönf;erlemrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&rnf/ ¤if;
Oya'tm;av;pm;vdkufemap&eftwGufpdkufysdK;a&;OD;pD;Xme?tyifrsm;umuG,f
a&;Xmepdwfudkpwifaqmif&GufcJhNyD;jynfe,fESihfc½dkiftqihftyifrsm;umuG,fa&;
tzGJUrsm;wGifEdkifiH&yfjcm;ESihfa'owGif;aumif;pGmavhusihfxm;onhfynm½Sif0ef
xrf;rsm;jzihfzGJUpnf;cJhygonf/tqdkyg0efxrf;rsm;onf¤if;wkdY\oufqdkif&ma'o
rsm;½Sdydk;owfaq;ta&mif;qdkifrsm;tm;ppfaq;&efppfaq;a&;rSL;rsm;tjzpfwm0ef
,laqmif&GufMu&ygonf/toHk;jyKonhfydk;owfaq;rsm;tm;vHk;onfydk;owfaq;
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pdwfrsm;tay:xda&mufrI?obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfr&nf&G,fonhfrsdK;pdwfrsm;t
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zGHUNzdK;a&;tzGJU(UNIDO)\yHhydk;rIjzihftao;pm;prf;oyfyHkpHjyKpuf½Hkwpfck½SdNyD;yk*¾vdu
vkyfief;½Sifrsm;rStqdkygyHkpHjyKpufjzihfom¤if;wdkY\ydk;owfaq;rsm;udkyHkpHjyKaqmif
&GufMuygonf/jrefrmEdkifiHwGifacwfrrSDaomydk;owfaq;rsm;toHk;jyK jcif;r½Sdyg/
ydk;owfaq;'PfcHonfhjyóemay:aygufrIudka½Smif½Sm;&eftyifrsm;umuG
,fa&;aq;cef;rsm;? pdkufysdK;a&; OD;pD;Xme\ jynfe,f^wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;½Sd
Farmer Field School rsm;rSwqihf awmifolrsm;xHokdYqDavsmfoihfawmf onhf
enf;ynmrsm;jzefYa0vsuf½Sdygonf/jrefrmEdkifiHwGifrSwfykHwifxm;aom
ydk;owfaq;rsm;taejzihfydk;owfaq;rsm;xkwfvkyfjcif;ESihf yHkpHjyKjcif;tzGJUtpnf;
(Croplife formerly GIFAP) tzGJUtpnf;rSazmfjyonhf vrf;ñTef csufrsm;?
owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihf udkufnDrI½Sd&ygrnf/ ¤if;wGif ydk;owfaq;ESihfywfoufí
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odkavSmifjcif;? pGefYypfjcif;rsm;ESihfywfoufí aumif;rGefaompDrHcefYcGJrIqdkif&m
vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;yg0ifygonf/wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyifydk;owfaq;rsm;jzefYcsDjcif;ESihf
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jyKa&;twGufjrefrmEdkifiHrSyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvsuf½Sdygonf/
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&ygrnf/ okdYrSomawmifolrsm;taejzihf toHk;rjyKrD aumif;rGefpGm zwf½Iem;
vnfEdkif rnfjzpfonf/
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^cGihfjyKcsuf&ydk;owfaq;toHk;jyKolrsm;omudkifwG,ftoHk;jyK&rnfhtrsdK;tpm;
jzpfonf/tqdkygcGihfjyKcsuf&ydk;owfaq;toHk;jyKolrsm;onfpdkufysdK;a&;OD;pD;Xme?
tyifrsm;umuG,fa&;XmepdwfrSaqmif&Gufonhf(5)&ufwmoifwef;wufa&muf
NyD;qHk;olrsm;jzpfygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif rSwfyHkwifxm;aom yHkpHtrsdK;tpm;
(1700)ausmfteuf tenf;i,fomvQif tqihf 1(u)ESihf 1(c)trsdK;tpm;
rsm;jzpfNyD;trsm;pkrSmtqihf(2)ESihf(3)rsm;jzpfygonf/xdkYtjyifjrefrmEdkifiHonftm
qD,Hydk;owfaq;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;qdkif&moabmwlnDcsuftpDtpOfwGifvnf;
yg0ifaqmif&Gufvsuf½Sdygonf/
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tvkyform;tqifh yk*¾vdu uPÖ (odkU) awmifolrsm; tqifhwGif owif;
tcsuftvuf &&Sdjcif; r&Sdovdkfydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrI tpDtpOf taumif txnf
az:jcif; twGuf vlom;t&if;tjrpf rvHkavmufyg/
aygif;pyfydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrI
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udkaygif;pyftoHk;jyKízsufqD;Edkifonhf ydk;rTm;ESihfa&m*gjzpfyGm;apaomypönf;rsm;
pDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif a&½SnfwnfwHhaumif;rGefaomenf;vrf;wpfckjzpfNyD; pD;yGm;a&;?
usef;rma&;ESihfobm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mab;tEÅ&m,frsm;tm;
taumif;qHk;avsmhcsEdkifonhfenf;vrf;vnf;jzpfygonf/ IPM aqmif&Guf
&mwGifatmufygwdkYudk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&efvdktyfygonf/
(1) oihfawmfonhfydk;owfaq;rsm;a&G;cs,f&ef pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
(2) ydk;owfaq;toHk;jyKrIrsm;tm;pDrHcefYcGJ&efvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ponf
wdkYjzpfygonf/
(1)oihfawmfonhf ydk;owfaq;rsm;a&G;cs,f&efpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;wGift"duoD;ESHrSmpyg;jzpfonf/&moDOwk? a&&½SdrIESihf
aps;uGuftajctaersm;ay:rlwnfíawmifolrsm;onf twdkif;twmwpfcktxd
ESrf;ESihf Mung bean udkvnf;pdkufysdK;Muonf/ awmifolrsm; \ ajymMum;
csuft&qnfwnfaqmufNyD;pD;onhftcsdefrSpí(5)ESpfwmumvtwGif;ydk;owf
aq;toHk;jyKrIodompGmrsm;jym;vmaMumif;ESihfvuf½Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;t&
Multiple Cropping aqmif&GufvmMuaMumif;od&onf/ xdkYaMumihftem*gwf
aygif;pyfydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrItaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufpOfwGifvnf;ydk;owfaq;
oHk;pGJrIrvGJraoGwdk;yGm;vmzG,f½Sdygonf/a,bl,stm;jzihftem*gwfwGifoHk;pGJ&ef
&nf&G,fonfhydk;owfaq;rsm;onft"duOD;wnfonhfrsdK;pdwfrsm;tay:xda&muf
rI½Sd&rnfjzpfovdkr&nf&G,fonhfrsdK;pdwfrsm;ay:wGifvnf;oufa&mufrItenf;
qHk;ESihfobm0ywf0ef;usif?vlYusef;rma&;ESihfpm;oHk;rIrsm;tay:qdk;usdK;oufa&m
ufrIr½Sdoavmufjzpf&efvdktyfygonf/
oihfawmfaomydk;owfaq;rsm;toHk;jyK&efa&G;cs,f&mwGifydk;rTm;rsm;ydk;owfaq;
'PfcHEdkif&nf½Sdjcif;rsdK;rjzpfap&efqdkonhftcsufudkvnf;xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;oihfyg
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awGU&avh½Sdaomydk;rTm;^a&m*grsm;ESihfydk;owfaq;a&G;cs,f&eft"dupHowfrSwf
csuf rsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/
Z,m; 5- oihfawmfonhfydk;owfaq;rsm;a&G;cs,f&ef pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
pDrHudef;{&d,m
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ydk;owfaq;rsm;a&G;cs,f&ef
awGU½Sd& onhf
oD;ESHtrsdK;
ydk;rTm;ES
ihfa&m*g
rsm;
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
tpm;rsm;
aEGpyg;rsdK;rsm;
-ykvJoG,f
-&wemwdk;
-&wematmif
- Thee Dut Yin
oD;xuf&if
- (1)tjcm;ydk;rTm;xdef;csKyfa&;enf;pepfrsm;\xda&mufrI
tuefYtowf½SdvmonhftcgrSomvQifydk;owfaq;
tenf;qkH;yrmPudktoHk;jyK&rnf/
(2)a&mif;cscGihf(vdkifpif)jzihfw&m;0ifwifoGif;xm;onhf
ydk;owfaq;rsm;udkomtoHk;jyK&rnf/
aocsmpGmcsdyfydwfxm;jcif;ESihfjrefrmbmom
jzihfwHqdyfuyfxm; jcif;½Sd&rnf/
rdk;pyg;rsdK;rsm;
- {&mrif;
- raemokc
- a>wqkyf
- qif;okc
- ykvJoG,f
(3) DOA? tyifrsm;umuG,fa&;XmecGJ\ wm;jrpf
pm&if;wGifyg0ifonhfydk;owfaq;rsm;udktoHk;rjyK&
/ (WHO tqihf1(u)ESihf 1(c)trsm;pkrSm
¤if;pm&if; wGifyg0ifygonf/) (jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;
wm;jrpf^
uefYowfxm;onfhydk;owfaq;rsm;pm&if;udk
Z,m; 10ESihf 11wdkYwGifMunhf&ef)
Mung Bean
- a&qif;
14
(4) qDavsmfonhf ydk;owfaq;a&G;cs,ftoHk;jyKEdkif&ef
twGufydk;rTm;(okdY)a&m*gtm; pDppf&efydk;owfaq;
toHk;rjyKrSDoifwef;wufa&mufxm;onhf awmif
ol(okdY) uRrf;usifynm½Sif^0efxrf;rsm;\avhvm
qef;ppfjcif;udk aqmif&Guf&rnf/
(u)ydk;rTm;jzpfpOfwGifydk;owfaq; (insecticide)toHk;
jyK&ef? ydk;rTm;jzpfyGm;rI\pD;yGm;a&;owfrSwftqihf
(ETL)udk qHk;jzwf&rnf/
(c) a&m*grsm;twGuf ydk;owfaq;toHk;jyK&ef
a&m*gjzpfyGm;rI\ jyif;xefrIyrmPudkqHk;jzwf&ef
NrdKUe,f DOA \ tultnDvdktyfEdkifygonf/
(Oyrm- leaf area index)
Z,m; 6 – jrefrmEdkifiHwGif uefYowfxm;onhf ydk;owfaq;rsm;pm&if;
Pesticide Name Group
Methyl Bromide Fumigant
Phosphine Fumigant
Bromadiolone Coumarin
Zinc Phosphide Inorganic
Brodifacoum Coumarin
Fenthion Organophosphorous
DDT Organochlorine
Z,m; 7– jrefrmEkdifiHwGif wm;jrpfxm;aom ydk;owfaq;rsm;pm&if;
Pesticide Name Group
Adrin Organochlorine
EPN Organophosphorus
BHC Organochlorine
Inorganic Mercury compounds Inorganic
Captafol Phthalimide
Chlordane Organochlorine
Organic mercury compound Organic
Parathion ethyl Organophosphorus
Chlordimeform Formamidine
Strobane
Cyhexatin Organotin
2,4,5-T Phenoxy
Dieldrin Organochlorine
Toxaphene Organochlorine
EDB Dinosed
Endrin Organochlorine
Dinosed
(2) ydk;owfaq;toHk;jyKrI pDrHcefYcGJa&;vkyfief;pOf
ydk;owfaq;Oya'(1991)t&vkyfief;pOfrsm;\owday;xkwfjyefcsufonf
ydk;owfaq;rsm;xkwfvkyfjcif;?wHqdyfwyfqifjcif;?udkifwG,fjcif;?odkavSmifjcif;ESihf
pGefYypfjcif;ponfrsm;ESifpyfvsOf;ívdkufemaqmif&Guf&efpDrHudef;\vkyfief;pOfrl
abmiftwGuftajccHjzpfygonf/
atmufazmfjyygtcsufrsm;onftqkdygudpö&yfrsm;ESihfywfoufíowday;xkwf
jyefcsufrS xkwfEIwfazmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
ydk;owfaq;wifoGif;olrsm;rS vdkufem&rnhf pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufrsm;
(u) jynfyrSwifoGif;onhfykd;owfaq;(okdY)"mwfjyKyg0ifypönf;rsm;a&muf
½Sdvmygut&nftaoG;ppfaq;Edkif&ef DOA rS ysufuGufjcif;r½Sd
ppfaq;aqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf/ owfrSwfxm;onhf erlemaumuf,ljcif;
enf;pepft&ppfaq;oltm;owfrSwfyrmP^tav;csdeferlemaumuf,l
jcif;udktcrJhaqmif&GufcGihfjyK&rnf/ tqkdkygerlemaumuf,ljcif; twGuf
ppfaq;olrS erlemaumuf,ljcif;vufrSwf xkwfay;&rnf/
(c) ydk;owfaq;rsm;udkifwG,fjcif;?o,f,lydkYaqmifjcif;ESihfodkavSmifodrf;
qnf;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Registration ProardrS xkwfjyefxm;onhf
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;vrf;ñTefrsm;twdkif;vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(*) vdkifpif(cGihfjyKrdefY)&a&mif;csolrsm;xHokdYomydk;owfaq;rsm;jzefYcsDjcif;?
a&mif;csjcif;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf&rnf/ta&mif;jzwfydkif;rsm;ESihfydk;owfaq;
trsdK;rsdK;a&mif;csonhfpm&if;rsm;udk xdef;odrf; xm;&rnf/
(C) ydk;owfaq;odkavSmif?odrf;qnf;onhfae&mrsm;wGif]]tEÅ&m,f½Sdonf}}
qdkonhftrSwftom;qdkif;bkwfudkodomjrifvG,fonhfae&mwGif ‘
csdwfqGJwyfqif&rnf/
(i) tu,fíukefwif^ukefcsaqmif&Gufaejcif;rsdK;r½Sdyguydk;owfaq;
odkavSmif?odrf;qnf;onhfae&mrsm;udk vHkjcHKpGmaomhcwfxm;½Sd&rnf/
(p) ydk;owfaq;rsm;ukefwif^ukefcsaqmif&Guf&mwGif¤if;wdkYtm; ab;uif;pGm
udkifwG,faqmif&GufEkdifonhftawGUtMuHK½Sdolyk*¾dKvfwOD;OD;\BuD;MuyfrI
atmufwGif aqmif&Guf&rnf/
(q) ydk;owfaq;rsm;odkavSmif^odrf;qnf;onhfae&mrsm;\wnfae&mESihf
cefYrSef;acsodkavSmifyrmPrsm;udkeD;pyf&mrD;owfXmersm;okdYtaMumif;Mum;
today;&rnf/
(Z) rnfonhfydk;owfaq;rQvlaetdrf,mrsm;wGifodrf;qnf;^odkavSmifjcif;
rjyK&/
(ps) rnfonhftaMumif;aMumihfjzpfap?ydk;owfaq;rsm;?"mwfjyKyg0if
ypönf;rsm;ESihfxkwfydk;ypönf;rsm;udkpGefYypf&mwGifDOA\vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;t
wdkif; vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(n) tu,fíodkavSmifxm;onhfydk;owfaq;rsm;?"mwfjyKyg0ifypönf;rsm;onf
vuf0,fxm;½SdpOftwGif;t&nftaoG;ysufpD;,dk,Gif;rI½Sdygu¤if;wkdYtm;
qufvuftoHk;jyKjcif;?a&mif;csjcif;rsm;udk DOA \ vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;
twdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf/
(#) ydk;owfaq;rsm;udkab;uif;vHkjcHKpGmxkwfydk;a&mif;cs&rnfjzpfNyD; xkwfydk;
onhfypönf;rsm;ysufpD;aeygutopfjyefvnfxkwfydk;NyD;rS a&mif;cs&rnf/
(X) ydk;owfaq;rsm;\xda&mufrItmedoifESihfywfoufírrSefruefaMujim
a&mif;csjcif;rsdK;aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyK&/tqkdygta&mif;aMumfjimrsm;udk
Registration Board rS oabmwlcGihfjyKonhfyHkpHowfrSwfcsufrsm; twdkif;
vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(!) ppfaq;olrsm; vdktyfovdkppfaq;jcif;rsm;udk cGihfjyK&rnfjzpfNyD; tqdkyg
ppfaq;jcif;rsm;udk vdktyfonhf tultnDay;&rnf/
vdkifpifudkifaqmifxm;olrsm;rS vdkufem&ef pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufrsm;
(u) vdkifpif (cGihfjyKrdefY)udk jrifomay:vGifaomae&mwGif wyfqif? csdwfqJG
xm;½Sd&rnf/
(c) vdkifpift&cGihfjyKxm;aomydk;owfaq;(okdY)"mwfjyKyg0ifypönf;rsm;udk
omazmfpyfxkwfvkyfjcif;?jyefvnfxkwfydk;jcif;?a&mif;csjcif;wkdYudkaqmif&Guf
&rnf/
(*) a'owGif;ydk;owfaq;rsm;azmfpyfjcif;?jyefvnfxkyfydk;jcif;rsm;udkaqmif
&Guf&mwGifvkyfom;rsm;\usef;rma&;ESihfvlrIa&;&mrsm;ESihfywfoufívuf
½SdwnfqJOya'ygtcsuftvufrsm;ESihfudkufnDrI½SdpGm aqmif&Guf&rnf/
(C) azmfpyfxkwfvkyfaom(okdY)jyefvnfxkwfydk;aomydk;owfaq;rsm;\t&nf
taoG;ESihf tusdK;oufa&muf rIrsm;udk tmrcH&rnf/
(i) ydk;owfaq;rsm;udkifwG,faqmif&Gufjcif;?o,f,lykdYaqmifjcif;ESihfodrf;
qnf;odkavSmifjcif;rsm;udk Registration Board rS xkwfjyefxm;onhf
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;vrf;ñTefrsm;ESihf udkufnDpGmaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(p) ydk;owfaq;rsm;udkazmfpyfxkwfvkyfolrsm;?jyefvnfxkwfydk;olrsm;ESihf
vufum;a&mif;0,folrsm;onfatmufygowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkvdkufem
aqmif&Guf&rnf/
(q) ydk;owfaq;rsm;okdavSmif?odrf;qnf;onhfae&mrsm;wGif]]tEÅ&m,f
½Sdonf}}qdkonhfqdkif;bkwfudkjrifomay:vGifonhfae&mwGifcsdwfqJG
wyfqifxm;½Sd&rnf/
(Z) ydk;owfaq;rsm;odkavSmif?odrf;qnf;onhfae&mrsm;tm;0efwif?0efcs
vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufaejcif;rsdK;r½Sdonhftcsdefrsm;wGifvkHjcHKpGmaomh
cwfxm;½Sd&rnf/
(ps) ydk;owfaq;rsm;0efwif?0efcsvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifydk;ow
aq;udkifwG,faqmif&Guf&mütawGUtMuHK½Sdonfhyk*¾dKvfwOD;OD;\
BuD;MuyfrIatmufwGifaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(n) ydk;owfaq;okdavSmifodrf;qnf;onhfae&mrsm;\wnfae&mESihfokdavSmif
xm;onhfcefYrSef;acsyrmPrsm;udkeD;pyf&mrD;owfXmersm;okdYtoday;
taMumif;Mum;&rnf/
(#) vlaetdrf,mrsm;wGifrnfonhfydk;owfaq;rQodkavSmif?odrf;qnf;jcif;
rjyK&/
(X) ydk;owfaq;rsm;a&mif;cs&mwGifwHqdyfrsm;ESihftoHk;jyKolrsm;twGuf
vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;jrefrmbmomjzihfjyefqkdazmfjyxm;jcif;rsdK;yg0if&rnfjzpf
NyD; ¤if;ESihfywfoufí Registration Board rS twnfjyKcsuf&,l& rnf/
(!) Registration Board rS tcgtm;avsmfpGmuefYowfonhf ydk;owfaq; a&mif;
csrIrsm;onfoufqkdif&mrefae*smrsm;rSxkwfay;xm;onhf0,f,lcGifhygrpf½Sd
onhfyk*¾dKvfrsm;(okdY)vufrSwf&ydk;owfaq;toHk;jyKolrsm;twGufomjzpfyg
onf/
(¡) ydk;owfaq;rsm;vufvD?vufum;a&mif;0,f&mwGifjzwfydkif;rsm;ESihf
0,f,lolrsm;\trnfrsm;?ydk;owfaq;trsdK;tpm;ESihfa&mif;csonhfyrmP
rsm;azmfjyyg½Sdonhf aeYpOfta&mif; pm&if;rSwfwrf; pmtkyfxm;½Sd&rnf/
tqdkygjzwfydkif;rsm;ESihf pm&if;rSwfwrf;pmtkyfrsm;udk oufqdkif&m
refae*sm (okdY) ppfaq;olrsm;rS ppfaq;&ef vdktyfonhftcg
jyoEdkif&ygrnf/
(P) vrf;ab;0J,mrsm;wGif ydk;owfaq;rsm;udk tpm;tpmypönf;rsm;?
aq;0g;rsm;ESihf yl;wGJí a&mif;csjcif;rjyK &/
(w) ydk;owfaq;rsm;udka&mif;cs&mwGifvHkjcHKpGmxkyfydk;ía&mif;cs&rnfjzpfNyD;
ysufpD;aeonhfxkwfydk;onhf(okdY)ukefaowåmypönf;rsm;tm;vHkjcHKpGmjyef
vnfxkwfydk;NyD;rS a&mif;cs&rnf/
(x) ydk;owfaq;rsm;tm;wHqdyfESihftoHk;jyK&efvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ryg0ifbJ
a&mif;csjcif;rjyK&/
(') rnfonhftaMumif;jycsufjzihfjzpfapydk;owfaq;rsm;?"mwfjyKyg0if ypönf;
rsm; (okdY) xkwfydk;onhfypönf;rsm;udkpGefYypf&mwGif DOA \vrf;ñTef csuf
rsm; twdkif; vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(") tu,fívdkifpif(cGihfjyKrdefY)udkifaqmifxm;ol\vuf0,fwGif½Sdonhf
ydk;owfaq;(okdY)"mwfjyKyg0ifypönf;rsm;rSmt&nftaoG;ysufpD;,dk,Gif;ae
aMumif; ppfaq;pOfawGU½Sd&ygu ¤if;wkdYtm; qufvuftoHk; jyKjcif;?
a&mif;csjcif;rsm;udkDOA\vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;twdkif;vdkufemaqmif&Guf&
rnf/
(e) ydk;owfaq;ESihfywfoufí oufqdkif&mNrdKUe,frefae*sm (okdY) ppfaq;
a&;rSL;\ppfaq;rIudkcGihfjyK&rnfjzpfNyD;vdktyfonhftultnDay;tyf&rnf/
(y) tydk'fcGJ(w)t&ppfaq;pOfumvtwGif;oufqdkif&mrefae*sm(okdY)
ppfaq;olrSt&nftaoG;ppfaq;&eferlemvkdtyfyguowfrSwfxm;
onhferlemaumuf,ljcif;enf;pepft&vdktyfonhfyrmP^tav;csdeferl
emudktcaMu;aiGrJh,laqmifEdkif&rnfjzpfNyD;¤if;erlemaumuf,ljcif;twGuf
oufqkdif&m refae*sm (okdYr[kwf) ppfaq;olrS erlemaumuf,ljcif;
vufrSwfxkwfay;&rnf/
toHk;jyKolrsm;rS vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnhf pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufrsm;
(u) (Registration Board) rS oD;ESHjy|mef;owfrSwfay;xm;onhf ydk;owfaq;rsm;
udk owfrSwfxm;onhfyHkpHrsm;twdkif;om toHk;jyK&rnf/
(c) tdrfoHk;tjzpftoHk;jyK&efazmfpyfxm;onhft&mrsm;rSvGJírnfonhfydk;owf
aq;rQaetdrf {&d,mrsm;twGif;odrf;qnf;jcif;rjyK&/
(*) (Registration Board) rSazmfjyxm;csuftwdkif; ydk;owfaq;toHk;jyKonhf
aumuf&dwfodrf;rIrwdkifrSDMum;umvukefqHk;NyD;aemufrSompm;oHk;oD;ESHrsm;
udk&dwfodrf;jcif;^a&mif;csjcif;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf &rnf/
(C) owfrSwfxm;onhferlemaumufenf;pepfrsm;t&?ydk;owfaq;t<uif;
tusefavhvmqef;ppfjcif;twGufoD;ESHerlemrsm;\vdktyfaomyrmPESihf
tav;csdefrsm;udkoufqdkif&m ppfaq;a&;refae*smrsm; \vdktyfcsuft&
tcaMu;aiGrJhjznhfqnf;ay;&rnfjzpfNyD;,if;okdYerlemaumuf,ljcif;t
wGufoufqdkif&mNrdKUe,frefae*sm (okdY) ppfaq;a&;rSL;rS ]]erlem
aumuf,ljcif;vufrSwf}}xkwfay;&ygrnf/
(i) usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme?ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf\xifjrif,lqcsuftay:t
ajccHí DOA\qHk;jzwfcsufonf&dwfodrf;pm;oHk;oD;ESHrsm;wGifydk;owf
aq;t<uif;tusefrsm;cGihfjyKyrmPxufydkrdkjrihfrm;aeonfqdkonhf
tcsufESihf &nfñTef;udkufnDrI½Sd&ygrnf/
a'owGif; ydk;owfaq;a&mif;csjcif;ESihf toHk;jyKjcif;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
Oya'jy|mef;vdkufemapjcif;onf obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlom;rsm;tay:
rvdkvm;tyfonhfoufa&mufrIrsm;udkjzpfaponhfrrSefuefaomydk;owfaq;toHk;
jyKrIrsm;udkxdef;csKyf&eftvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/EdkifiHtwGif;rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;r½Sd
onhfydk;owfaq;rsm;w&m;r0ifa&mif;csrIrsm;ysHUESHUvsuf½Sdjcif;aMumihfatmufazmf
jyygenf;vrf;rsm;twdkif;Oya'av;pm;vdkufemrI½Sda&;jyefvnfppfaq;pepfrsm;
twGufvkyfief;pOfrsm;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfEdkifygonf/
(1)trsdK;tom;tqihftaejzihfpDrHudef;xdef;csKyfuGyfuJa&;aumfrwDonf
Oya'av;pm;vdkufema&;ESihfvGwfvyfrI½Sdaomppfaq;oHk;oyfrIrsm;twGuf
vkyfief;pwifaqmif&Gufa&;udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;íaqG;aEG;aqmif&Gufoifh
ygonf/
(2)a'owGif;tqihftaejzihfTACConfoufqdkif&mtkyfcsKyfa&;{&d,mtwGif;ydk;
rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrItwGufOya'av;pm;vdkufema&;ESihfvGwfvyfrI½Sdaomppfaq;
oHk;oyfjcif;rsm;jr§ihfwifaqmif&Guf&eft"dutcef;u@rS yg0ifoifhygonf/
(3) TACC taejzihf oufqdkif&m&JXme? NrdKUe,fw&m;a&;Xmersm;ESihf teD;uyf
nd§EdIif;aqmif&GufíOya'csdK;azmufaMumif;oHo,½Sdonhfudpö&yf
rsm;ESihfywfoufí xda&mufonhf Oya'av;pm; vdkufema&;ESihf w&m;pGJ
qdkjcif;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufoihfygonf/
(4) tqdkygvkyfief;rsm;twGufvlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESihfaus;&Gmjynforsm;udk
vnf; zdwfac:í yl;aygif; yg0ifapoihfygonf/
(5) azmfjyygtcsufrsm;ESihf udkufnDrItay:tajccHí ppfaq;pm&if; (Check
List)udkjyKpkaqmif&GufoihfNyD;oHk;vywftvdkufvGwfvyfrI½SdaomtuJjzwfppf
aq;jcif;aqmif&Gufolrsm;rS Checklist ukd toHk;jyKoihf ygonf/
(6) tqdkygvGwfvyfaomoHk;vywftuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;tpD&ifcHpmtm; TACC
okdYwifjyoihfNyD;Oya'ESihfrnDñGwfaomudpö&yfrsm;ay:aygufrI½Sdyguvdktyf
aomta&;,laqmif&GufrIrsm; vkyfaqmifEkdif&ef aqG;aEG; oihfygonf/
(7) ydk;owfaq;toHk;jyKjcif;ESihfywfoufívdktyfaompnf;urf;csufrsm;
udkem;vnfvdkufemrI½Sdap&efNrdKUe,ftwGif;½Sdawmifolrsm;?ydk;owfaq;t
a&mif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESihfvufum;a&mif;0,folrsm;udkynmay;tpDtpOf
rsm; aqmif&Gufoihfygonf/
(8) owfrSwfcsufrsm;vdkufemaqmif&Gufa&;ESihfpyfvsOf;ítoHk;jyKolrsm;?
oufqdkif&mqufEG,f wm0ef½Sdolrsm; (stakeholders) tm; jzefYa0ay;Edkif
&eftcsuftvufrsm;?qufoG,fa&;ESihfynmay;a&;yHhydk;ypönf;rsm;udk pDpOf
xkwfvkyf&ygrnf/
(9) NrdKUe,ftqihfOya'av;pm;vdkufema&;aqmif&Gufwdk;wufrIrsm;udk
ESpf0ufwBudrfusif;yonhfwdkif;a'oBuD;tqihf(a'otqihf)trsm;jynfol
---rsm;okdY tpD&ifcHwifjyoihfygonf/
(10) ydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrIESihfywfoufíowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihfudkufnDonhfawmif
olrsm;tm;wdkufwGef;tm;ay;csD;jr§ihfrIrsm;udkaqmif&GufoifhNyD;obm0ywf
0ef;usifqdkif&mppfaq;olrsm;rSvnf;Oya'av;pm;vdkufem apjcif;rsm;udk
avvhmoHk;oyfoifhNyD;vdktyfovdktpD&ifcHwifjyoifhygonf/
wnfae&mtvdkuf tao;pdwf IPM tpDtpOf
þpDrHudef;t&aiGaMu;yHhydk;&efa&G;cs,fxm;onhfvkyfief;wnfae&mwckcsif;
pDtwGufwnfae&mtvdkuf tao;pdwf IPMtpDtpOfrsm;udk aqmif&Gufygrnf/
4if;IPMtpDtpOfrSm awmifolrsm;rS t"dutm;jzihf ydk;rTm; jyóemrsm;udk
pDrHcefYcGJ&efESihf wm;qD;umuG,f qHk;jzwfaqmif&Guf&mwGif toHk;jyKrnhfyHkpH
(model)wckjzpfygonf/ IPM tpDtpOf\OD;wnfcsufrSm xda&mufaumif;rGef í
pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&mESihfobm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&maumif;rGefaomenf;pepfrsm;udkt
oHk;jyK íydk;rTm;rsm;udkvufcHEdkifonhftqihfwGif xdef;csKyfxm; Edkif&efjzpfonf/
t&nftaoG;jrihfrm;í xda&mufrI½Sdaom IPMtpDtpOfwGif pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;?
cGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;rsm;? avhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;? owfrSwftwdkif;twmrsm;?
aqmif&GufrIrsm;? tuJjzwfjcif;rsm; tygt0if enf;vrf; AsL[m
trsm;tjym;yg0if aygif;pyfxm;ygonf/ ydk;rTm;rsm;rS oD;ESHxGufEIef;tay:
rnfokdYvTrf;rdk;rI½Sdonf? xdef;csKyf rIrsm;udk rnfonhftcsdefwGif toHk;jyKrnf?
rnfonhfxdef;csKyfa&;enf;pepfrsm;rSqDavQmfoihfawmfonfponfjzihf od½SdSdEdkif
ap&efawmifolrsm;rSydk;rTm;yrmP^jyefYyGm;rIrsm;udk avhvmapmihfMunhf&ef
vdktyfygonf/ IPM tpDtpOf taejzihf ydk;rTm;xdef;csKyf&mwGif toHk;jyKrnhf
aqmif&GufrIenf;vrf;tao;pdwfudkcGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;rjyKrSDpOf;pm;&efvdktyf
onhf enf;vrf;? AsL[m rsm;udk azmfxkwfaqmif&Gufygrnf/
tqdkygenf;vrf;^AsL[mrsm;wGifatmufazmfjyyg½laxmihfrsm; yg0ifoihfygonf/
- pHowfrSwfcsufrsm; (Oyrm – jynfoltrsm;usef;rma&;ESihf
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;?obm0ywf0ef;usifysufpD;rI tenf;yg;qHk;^tedrfhqHk;twdkif;
twm?a&½Snfxdef;csKyfEdkifrnhftjrihfrm;qHk;tvm;tvm?ukefusp&dwfoufom
jcif; ESihf vufawGUatmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufEdkifrI ...ponf)? ydk;owfaq;
toHk;jyKjcif;rwdkifrSDcGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;rsm;?avhvmapmihfMunhfppfaq;jcif;(&nf
rSef;onhf&v'faumif;rsm;&½Sd&eftaumif;rGefqkH;tcsdefudkufaqmif&GufrIrsm;t
wGufqHk;jzwf&mwGifawmifolrsm;tm;yHhydk;ulnDjcif;)?aqmif&GufrIrsm;twGuf
owfrSwftwdkif;twmrsm;? aqmif&GufrItrsdK;tpm;yHkpH ESihf aqmif&GufrI
(treatment)rsm;usdK;aMumif;nDnÜwfqDavsmfrIESihfywfoufíppfaq;rIrsm;tay:t
ajccHonhftuJjzwfjcif;rsm;ponfwkdYjzpfygonf/ a,bl,stm;jzihf IPM
tpDtpOfonfpDrHudef;{&d,m½Sdo½kyfjyjcif;?todynmjrSihfwifjcif;?oifwef;rsm;?
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIavhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm; ponfwdkY ESihfywfouf ít"du
xm;aqmif&Gufygrnf/
yl;wGJ (6) –qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihfqufpyfonhf vkyfief;pOfrsm;jcHKiHk azmf
jycsuf
BuD;rm;onhfqnfBuD;rsm;ESihfywfoufíOP4.37(qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;)
t&aqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD;ao;i,fonhfqnfrsm;tm;OP4.01(EIA)t&aqmif&Gufyg
rnf/ qnfBuD;rsm;tjzpf atmufygtajctaersm;wGifowfrSwfygonf/ -
(u) 15rDwmtxuf tjrihf½Sdjcif; (c) tjrihf 10 – 15rDwmtMum; ½Sd
atmufygtcsufwckckESihf jynhfpHkjcif; ((i) a&avSmifuef\ okdavSmifpGrf;&nf
3 million m3 txuf½SSdjcif; (ii) crest tvsm;rDwm 500 (500m)txuf½Sdjcif;
(okdY) (iii) spillway pGrf;&nf 2,000m3/s txuf½SdSdjcif;)wkdYjzpfygonf/
BuD;rm;onhfqnfBuD;rsm;\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mtuJjzwfcsuftpD&ifcHpm
ESihfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udkvHkjcHKa&;ESihfvQdKU0Sufxm;½Sd&rnhftajctae
rsm;aMumihfazmfjytoday;jcif;rjyKyg/ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifaqmif&GufrIt
pDtpOf(EPP)vufurf;pmapmifrsm;udka'ocHjynfolrsm;twGufta&;ay:tajct
aeESifhqufoG,fonhfvkyfief;pOfrsm;tm;od½Sdem;vnfap&efjyifqifaqmif&Gufyg
rnf/
t&nftcsif;jynfh0onhfynm½SSifrsm;rSqnfrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;twGuf vdktyfonhfyHkpH jyKjcif;? BuD;Muyfjcif;rsm;udkaqmif&Gufygrnf/
vdktyfonhfpl;prf;avhvmppfaq;rIrsm;?wdkif;wmrIrsm;ESihfBuD;MuyfrIrsm;tygt0if
tao;pdwfyHkpHjyKjyifjcif;qdkif&mtMuHay;aqmif&GufrIrsm;twGuf TORs udk
urÇmhbPfrSoHk;oyf ½Sif;vif;aqmif&Gufygrnf/
taumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;owfrSwf&ef½Sdonhfaemufxyfqnf
rsm;\ ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; qdkif&mtajctaersm;ESihfywfoufí urÇmhbPfESihf
vGwfvyfrI½Sdaomynm½SSifrsm; (dam)rS oHk;oyf&efvdktyfygonf/ tvm;wlyif
owfrSwfxm;onhfqnf(4)ck(a&avSmifuef(5)ck)ESihfaemufxyfowfrSwfonhf
qnfrsm;\tao;pdwfyHkpHydkif;qdkif&m&v'frsm;udkurÇmhbPfESihfEdkifiHwumqnf
uRrf;usifynm½Sifrsm;rSoHk;oyfppfaq;&efvdktyfygrnf/xdkYjyiftqkdygqnfrsm;
\vGwfvyfrI½Sdaomab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mtuJjzwfcsufESihfjyefvnfxlaxmif
a&;qdkif&m yHkpHoHk;oyfcsufrsm;tm; urÇmhbPfrS oHk;oyf½SSif;vif;jcif;rsm;
aqmif&Gufygrnf/
qnfav;ck\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;(Oyrm-aqmufvkyfa&;qdkif
&mpDrHBuD;Muyfjcif;ESihft&nftaoG;,HkMunfpdwfcs&rItpDtpOf?ypönff;ud&d,mydkif;
qkdif&mtpDtpOf? O & M tpDtpOf?ta&;ay:tajctae jyifqifxm;½SSdrI
tpDtpOf(EPP)ponfrsm;udkjyifqifa&;umvtwGif;BuD;rm;onhfqnfwpfckcsif;
pDtwGuftao;pdwfyHkpHtMuHay;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkjyifqif&efvdktyfonf/tqdk
ygqnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;\ta&;BuD;onhftcsufrsm;udk
yl;wGJpmrsufESmatmufydkif;ESihf ueOD; O & M tpDtpOfESihf EPP rlabmifrsm;
twGuf aemufqufwGJrsm; wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/ txl;ojzihf ueOD; O &
M tpDtpOfESihf EPP rlabmifrsm;udk aqG;aEG;oabmwlNyD;jzpfygonf/
CSQA tpDtpOf?ypönf;ud&d,mydkif;qdkif&mtpDtpOf? O & M tpDtpOfESihf
EPPrsm;tm;EkdifiHwumqnfynm½SSifESihf urÇmhbPfrSoHk;oyfrIaqmif&Gufygrnf/
qnfusdK;ayguf&eftvm;tvm½SdonhftajctaersdK;wGifowday;vkyfief;
pOfrsm;?ab;vGwf&ma&TUajymif;&rnhfvrf;aMumif;rsm;awGUqHk&rnhfowfrSwfae&m
rsm;ponfwdkYESihfywfoufí a'ocHjynfolrsm;\todynmjrSihfwifjcif;ESihf
owif;tcsuftvufjzefYjzL;jcif;rsm;twGuf EPP vufurf;pmapmifrsm;udk
jyifqifygrnf/
tao;pdwfvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk (i)owfrSwfxm;onhf qnf(4)ck
a&avSmifuef (5)ckESihf (ii)taumif txnf azmfpOfumvtwGif
owfrSwfrnhfaemufxyfqnfrsm;twGuf atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyygonf/
owfrSwfqnfrsm;
jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;oHk;oyfcsufwGifowfrSwf
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;ESihfajz½Sif;aqmif&Guf&rnhftqdkjyKtpDtpOf
rsm; yg0ifygonf/ qnf (4)ck^a&avSmifuef (5)cktm; qnfBuD;
rsm;tjzpf trsdK;tpm;owfrSwfygonf/
tao;pdwfpl;prf;avhvmrIESihfajz½SSif;aqmif&Gufa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf
yHkpHavhvmrIrsm;tm;urÇmhbPfrS½SSif;vif;rnhfTORtay:tajccHítaumiftxnf
azmfpOfumvtwGif; tMuHjyKtzGJUtpnf;rS aqmif&GufoGm; ygrnf/
pl;prf;avhvmrI&v'frsm;ESihf tao;pdwfyHkpHudkEkdifiHwumqnfynm½SSifESihf
urÇmhhbPfwdkYrS oHk;oyfrI aqmif&Gufygrnf/
CSQA tpDtpOf?ypönf;ud&d,mydkif;qdkif&mtpDtpOf? O & M tpDtpOfESihf
EPPtpDtpOfrsm;udktxuf&nfnTef;ygyHkpHydkif;qkdif&mynm½SSSifrSjyifqifjyKpkrnfjzpf
NyD;4if;udkEkdifiHwumqnfynm½SSifESihfurÇmhhbPfwdkYrSavhvmoHk;oyfrIaqmif&Guf
ygrnf/
owday;vkyfief;pOfrsm;?ab;vGwf&mwGifa&TUajymif;&rnhfvrf;aMumif;rsm;?
awGUqHk&rnhfowfrSwfae&mrsm;ESihfywfoufía'ocHjynfolrsm;\todynmjrSihf
wifjcif;ESihfowif;tcsuftvufjzefYjzL;jcif;rsm;twGufEPPvufurf;pmapmifudk
jyKpkaqmif&Gufygrnf/
taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif; owfrSwfrnhfqnfrsm;
aemufxyfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;ESihfqufpyfqnfrsm;tm;owfrSwfNyD;
onfESihfwNydKifeufEkdifiHwumqnfynm½SifrSqnfrsm;\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif
&mavhvmoHk;oyfcsufudkaqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf/tqdkygtpD&ifcHpmtm;urÇmh
bPfrSavhvmoHk;oyfygrnf/
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mtEÅ&m,frsm;tm;ajz½Sif;&eftpDtpOfrsm;vdk
tyfygutMuHay;tzGJUtpnf;rStao;pdwfpl;prf;avhvmrIESihfyHkpHavhvmrIrsm;udk
aqmif&Gufygrnf/4if; TOR tm;urÇmhhbPfrS avhvmoHk;oyfygrnf/
tao;pdwfpl;prf;avhvmmrI&v'frsm;ESifhyHkpHudkurÇmhbPfESihfEdkifiHwum
qnfynm½SifwkdYrS avhvm oHk;oyfygrnf/
tu,fíqnfrsm;tm;qnfBuD;rsm;tjzpfavhvmoHk;oyfyguyHkpHydkif;qdkif&
mtzGJUtpnf;rS CSOA tpDtpOf? ypönf;ud&d,mydkif;qdkif&mtpDtpOf? O & M
tpDtpOfESihf EPP tpDtpOfwdkYtm; jyifqifaqmif&Guf ygrnf/
CSQA tpDtpOf?ypönf;ud&d,mydkif;qdkif&mtpDtpOf? O & M tpDtpOfESihf
EPP tpDtpOfwdkYtm; vGwfvyfrI½Sdaom qnfynm½SSifrsm;ESihf urÇmhbPfwkdYrS
avhvmoHk;oyfygonf/(a'ocHjynfolrsm;twGuf EPP vufurf;pmapmif
rsm;udkjyKpkjyifqifygrnf/)
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;
owfrSwfxm;onhf qnf(4)ck? a&avSmifuef (5)ckESihf taumif
txnfazmfpOftwGif; owfrSwfrnhf aemufxyfqnfrsm;tygt0if qnfBuDး
rsm;twGuf urÇmhhbPf\ qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;rl0g' (OP 4.37)t&
atmufygqnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udkjyifqifaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
4if;wGifatmufygwdkYyg0ifygonf/
aqmufvkyfa&;qdkif&mpDrHBuD;Muyfjcif;ESihft&nftaoG;,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI (CSQA)
CSQAtpDtpOfwGifvuf½Sdqnfrsm;\ajz½Sif;aqmif&GufrIqdkif&mwnf
aqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;tm;pDrHBuD;Muyf&eftzGJUtpnf;?0efxrf;tqihfrsm;?
vkyfief;pOfrsm;? ypönf;ud&d,mESihf t&nftaoG;rsm;? ponfwdkYESihftwl
aqmufvkyfa&;umvtwGif;yHkpH\qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihfqufEG,faom
tpdwftydkif;rsm;tm;jynhfpHkvHkavmufpGmaqmif&GufEdkifaMumif;aocsmap&ef
ponhftcsufrsm;yg0ifygonf/ pDrHudef;taumif txnfazmfumvtwGif;
tao;pdwfyHkpHydkif;qdkif&mynm½SifrSBuD;rm;onhfqnfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
tpDtpOfrsm;jyifqifjyKpk&rnfjzpfNyD;4if;udktao;pdwfyHkpHrsm;aqmif&GufNyD;pD;jcif;
rwdkifrSD avhvmoHk;oyfEdkif&ef urÇmhbPfokdY wifjy&rnf/
ypönf;ud&d,mydkif;qkdif&mtpDtpOf
ypön;fud&d,mydkif;qkdif&mtpDtpOfwGifvuf½Sdypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESihftopf
jznhfqnf;rnhfud&d,mypönf;rsm;tygt0if qnftajctae^vu©Pm&yfrsm;udk
avhvmppfaq;rSwfwrf;wifxm;&efESihfa&^rdk;Zvqdkif&mwnfaqmufyHkqdkif&mESihf
ajrivsiftcsuftvufrsm;ponfrsm;twGuf avhvmppfaq;&mwGiftoHk;jyK&ef
vdktyfonfypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udkazmfjyygonf/tpDtpOfwGifypönf;ud&d,mrsm;
\trsdK;tpm;?ta&twGuf?tcif;tusif;ESihftao;pdwfowfrSwfcsufrsm;yg
0ifrSmjzpfovdkud&d,mtrsdK;tpm;rsm;\avhvm^tcsuftvufaumuf,lEkdifrI
BudrfEIef;(readingfrequency)ESihfowday;csufaqmif&Guf&efowfrSwftwdkif;twmrsm;
vnf;yg0ifrSmjzpfonf/BuD;rm;onhf qnfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf tpDtpOfrsm;udk
pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;tao;pdwfyHkpHydkif;qdkif&mynm½SSifrSjyKpk
jyifqifí urÇmhhbPfESihf vGwfvyfrI½Sdaom qnfynm½Sif (wpfOD;^
ESpfOD;)xHokdY avhvmoHk;oyfEdkif&ef tao;pdwfyHkpHydkif;aqmif&GufNyD;pD;rIrwdkifrSD
wifjy&ygrnf/
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESihf jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rI (O & M)tpDtpOf
O&MtpDtpOfwGiftzGJUtpnf;qdkif&mzGJUpnf;yHk? 0efxrf;?enf;ynmqkdif&m
uRrf;usifrI? vdktyfonhf oifwef;rsm;? qnfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESihf jyKjyif
xdef;odrf;jcif;twGufvdktyfonhf ypönf;ud&d,mESihf yHhydk;rIt*Fg&yf rsm;? O &
Mvkyfief;pOf? O & M vkyfief;twGuf&efyHkaiGpDpOfxm;½SdrI? yHkrSefavhvm
apmihfMunhf ppfaq;jcif;tygt0if?a&½SnfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIESihfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;
ppfaq;rIponfwkdYyg0ifygonf/
BuD;rm;onhfqnfBuD;wpfckcsif;pDtwGufO&MtpDtpOfudkpDrHudef;taumif
txnfazmfumvtwGif;tao;pdwfyHkpHydkif;ynm½SifrSjyifqifjyKpkí tao;pdwf
yHkpHydkif;aqmif&GufNyD;pD;jcif;rwdkifrSD4if;udkurÇmhbPfESihf EdkifiHwumqnfynm½Sif
wOD;xHokdYavhvmoHk;oyf&efwifjy&ygrnf/tqkdygtpDtpOfudkjyifqifa&;umv
twGif; aqG;aEG;oabmwlNyD;jzpfaom ueOD;O & M tpDtpOf (yl;wGJ 6-
1)tay:tajccHí jyKpkjyifqif&ygrnf/
ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifxm;½SdrItpDtpOf (EPP)
qnfysufqD;^,kd,Gif;rIwpHkw&mjzpfyGm;Ekdifonhftajctae(okdY) qnfvkyf
ief;qdkif&ma&pD;qif;rIonfa&pkef^atmufydkif;a'orsm;½Sdjynfolrsm;?ypönf;Opöm
rsm;(okdY) jrpfa&pD;qif;rIyrmP tay:tajccH onhfpD;yGm;a&; tajctaersm;
tay:wpHkw&mNcdrf;ajcmufrI½SSdEdkifonhftajctaersdK;wGifoufqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;
rsm;\wm0efESihftcef;u@rsm;udktao;pdwfazmfjyxm;ygonf/
4if;wGifatmufygtcsuftvufrsm;yg0ifygonf/qnfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrIqHk;
jzwfcsufcsrSwfaqmif&Gufjcif;ESihfta&;ay:tajctaequfoG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;
twGufwm0ef^0w¦&m;rsm;½SSif;vif;azmfjycsuf/ta&;ay:tajctaetrsdK;rsdK;t
wGufa&BuD;^a&vTrf;yrmPrsm;azmfjyonhfajryHkrsm;?a&vTrf;^a&BuD;owday;p
epfvu©Pm&yfrsm;?tEÅ&m,f½Sdonhf{&d,mrsm;½SdSdjynfolrsm;ab;vGwf&ma&TU
ajymif;Edkifa&;vkyfief;pOfESihfta&;ay:tajctaetiftm;pkrsm;ESihfypönf;ud&d,m
rsm;pDpOfaqmif&GufrItp½SdonfwdkYyg0ifygonf/a&vTrf;^a&BuD;rIjyajryHkrsm;
onfqnfa&atmufydkif;a'orsm;wGifqnfusdK;aygufrI?a&ysHUESHa&muf½SdrSK yHkpHjyK
avhvmjcif;ESihfqnfusdK;aygufrIo½kyfjyyHkpHi,frsm;tay:tajccHíqnfusdK;
aygufrIa&a&muf½SdrnhftcsdefESihfa&vTrf;^a&BuD;Edkifrnhfumvrsm;udkazmfjy&yg
rnf/a&vTrf;jcif;aMumihfysufpD;EdkifrIcefYrSef;ajcrsm;ESihftoufqHk;½SHl;EdkifrItvm;t
vmrsm;udktxufyg&v'frsm;tay:tajccHícefYrSef;wGufcsuf jyKpk&ygrnf/
qnfBuD;rsm;wpfckcsif;pDtwGufEPPtpDtpOfudkpDrHudef;taumiftxnf
azmfumvtwGif;tao;pdwfyHkpHtwdkif;ynm½SSifrSjyifqifjyKpkíurÇmhbPfESihf
EkdifiHwumqnfynm½SifwpfOD;xHokdYavhvmoHk;oyfEdkif&eftao;pdwfyHkpHydkif;qdkif
&mtMuHjyKaqmif&GufrIaqmif&GufNyD;pD;jcif;rwdkifrSDwifjy&ygrnf/4if;tpDtpOfudk
jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;aqG;aEG;oabmwlxm;onhf EPP rlabmif(yl;wGJ
(6.21)tay:tajccHí jyifqifoihfygonf/
yl;wGJ 6.1ueOD; vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESifh jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rItpDtpOf
1/ ed'gef;
v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;0efBuD;Xmevufatmuf½SdpdkufysdK;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI
taxmuftuljyKpDrHudef;\ wpdwfwa'otjzpf tcsdKUaomqnfajrmif;pepf
(7-8)ckcefYtm; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aqmif&Gufygonf/ 4if;wdkY teuf pepf
(4)cktm; ueOD;owfrSwfxm;NyD;jzpfí 4if;wdkYtm; a&avSmifuefrsm;rS
jznhfqnf;ay;aeygonf/ tqdkyg pepfrsm;rSm rEÅav;? ppfudkif;? yJcl;
ta½SUESihf aejynfawmfa'oBuD;rsm;wGif wnf½Sdygonf/ tqdkyg wnf½Sd jyD;
qnfrsm;rS pdkufysdK;a&;a'orsm;okdY qnfa&jznhfqnf;ay;rnfjzpfNyD; 4if;udk
Z,m;-8wGif awGUEdkifygonf/ 4if;ueOD;vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESihf jyKjyifxdef;
odrf;rI(O&M)tpDtpOfwGifrvdewfawmifqnf(rEÅav;)?ajrmuf,rm;txuf^
atmufqnfrsm;(ppfudkif;)?qGmqnf(yJcl;ta½SU)ESihfqifoJqnf(aejynfawmf)rsm;
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jyiftzGJUtpnf;qdkif&mzGJUpnf;yHk?0efxrf;?enf;ynmqdkif&muRrf;usifrI?vdktyfonhf
oifwef;rsm;?qnf\vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESihfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIrsm;twGufvdktyf
aomypönf;ud&d,mESihfyHhydk;rIt*Fg&yfrsm;?O&Mvkyfief;pOf?&efyHkaiGpDpOfxm;½SdrIESihf
a&½SnfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rItygt0ifab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ppfaq;rIrsm;ponfwdkY
vnf; yg0ifygonf/
O & M tpDtpOfonf urÇmhbPf\qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;rl0g' OP 4.37
t& vdktyfonhfqnfrsm; ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOf (4)ckteuf wckjzpf
ygonf/ 4if;wGif (1) wnfaqmufa&;qdkif&mpDrHBuD;MuyfrIESihf t&nftaoG;
,HkMunfpdwfcs&rItpDtpOf(2)ypönf;ud&d,mydkif;qdkif&mtpDtpOf(3)ta&;ay:t
ajctaejyifqifxm;½dSrItpDtpOfESihf(4)þO&MtpDtpOfwkdYjzpfygonf/
þueOD; O & M tpDtpOfESihfywfoufí pDrHudef; taumiftxnf azmfpOf
umvyxr2ESpftwGif;jyefvnfaumif;rGefa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuftao;pdwfyHkpH
rsm;jyifqifaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;rSwqihfa&G;cs,fowfrSwfrnhfaemufxyfqnfrsm;
ESihfazmfjyNyD;jzpfonhfqnf4ck(a&avSmifuef5ck)tygt0ifqnfwckcsif;pDtwGuf
jynhfpHkaumif;rGefonhfO&MtpDtpOfrsm;tjzpfavhvmoHk;oyfítNyD;owfaqmif
&GufoGm;rnfjzpfNyD;vufawGUtajctaersm;ESihfqnf\tNyD;owfjyefvnfxl
axmifa&;yHkpHESihfqufpyfypönf;ud&d,mrsm;(qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tuJjzwf
csuftpD&ifcHpm?vQyfppfESihfpufrIypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESihfywfoufíypönf;xkwfvkyf
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wpHkw&mr½Sdyguvnf; O & M tpDtpOftm; tcsdefESihf wajy;nD jyefvnf
jyifqif&ygrnf/qnfwckcsif;pDtwGuf jynhfpHkonhf O & M tpDtpOfrsm;tm;
vHkjcHKa&;pnf;rsOf;^tajctaeaMumihf azmfjyEdkifrnfr[kwfyg/
1.1/ þpmwrf;\zGJUpnf;yHk
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qnf\ta&;BuD;onhf tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESihf yHhydk;rIt*Fg&yfrsm;
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIqdkif&mvdktyfcsufrsm;(wm0ef^0wÅ&m;ESihftcef;u@^
a&pDrHcefYcGJrI? vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI tqihfqihf? a&pD;qif;rI uefYowf
csufrsm; ... ponf)
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIqdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;
avhvmppfaq;rIqdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;
1.2/ qnfrsm;\ta&;BuD;onhftpdwftydkif;rsm;
atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onhfqnfrsm;onf ueOD;a&G;cs,fa&;vkyfief;pOfrS
&v'frsm;jzpfygonf/vkyfief;rsm;\enf;ynmqdkif&mtao;pdwftcsuftvuf
rsm;ESihf vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGef apa&;onf pDrHudef;\
vufawGUaqmif&GufEdkifrIavhvmcsufrsm;ESihftao;pdwfyHkpHwdkY\wpdwfwa'o
jzpfygonf/tqdkjyKqnfrsm;tm;vHk;rSmearth-fill qnftrsdK;tpm; jzpfíintake
structures ESihf spillways rsm;½Sdaomf vnf; sediment flushing gates (okdY) emergency
drawdowngatesrsm;r½SdMuyg/a'o(4)ck½SdueOD;a&G;cs,fxm;onhfqnfrsm;\0dao
ovu©Pm&yfrsm;ESihfta&;BuD;onhftpdwftydkif;rsm;udkZ,m;8wGifazmfjyxm;yg
onf/
Z,m; 8 ueOD;a&G;cs,fxm;onhf qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;½SdSd qnfrsm;\ta&;
BuD;onhftpdwftydkif;rsm;
A System Description Nay Pyi Taw Sagaing Bago-East Mandalay
1.
Name and
Location
Name: Region:
District/
Townships:
Sinthe Nay Pyi Taw
Tat Kone
North Yamar Sagaing
Yinmarbin/
Pale+ Yinmarbin
Swa Bago-East
Taungo, Yedashe
Male Nat Taung Mandalay
Pyin OO Lwin/
Singu
2 Dam Dam name
Type: Year of completion :
Dam Height [m] Length Crest [m]
Storage: [acre feet]
Total Live:
Dead:
Total reservoir command area
Gross (acres)
Net (acres)
Hydropower
Domestic Water supply
Sinthe Dam
Earthfill 1999-2000
33 411
143,090 125,787
17,303
25,416
15,218
0
30 households
Yamar Lower and
/Upper dam
Earthfill/Earthfill 1998-1999
20/41 3,170/366
14,057/122,900 11,221/101,660
2,836/21,240
31,000
30,320
0/250kW
0
Swa Chaung
Earthfill 2004-2005
30 m 2012 m
216,350 188,180
28,170
35,000
23,467
0
0
Male Nat Taung
Earthfill 2007-2008
22 m 3612 m
57,470 50,060
7,410
10,000
6,500
0
0
3
. Water
Resources
River name:
Catchment size (sq miles)
Sinthe Chaung
308
Yamar Chaung
191
Swa Chaung
403
Male Nat Taung
75
2/ pDrHcefYcGJrIqdkif&mzGJUpnf;yHk
qnfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrItawmtwGif;?qnfydkifqdkifolESihfvkyfief;aqmif
&Gufolrsm;onf(tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;teuf)qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihfqufEG,f
onhfatmufygta&;ygonhftcsufrsm;twGufwm0ef,l aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
- qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; pDrHcefYcGJrI
- ta&;ay:tajctae jyifqifxm;½SSdrI
- ypönf;^ydkifqdkifrIrsm; pDrHcefYcGJrI
- qnftajctaeavhvmapmihfMunhfppfaq;rI
- a&BuD;^a&vQH pDrHcefYcGJrI
txufazmfjyygvkyfief;^udpö&yfrsm;tm; aqmif&GufEdkif&ef ½SSif;vif;onhf
wm0ef^0wÅ&m;rsm;ESihfvdktyfonhfpDrHcefYcGJrIqdkif&mzGJUpnf;yHktao;pdwftm;
O & M tpDtpOfwGif owfrSwfazmfjy&ygrnf/
2.1/ 0efxrf;^trIxrf;rsm;
O&MtpDtpOft&vkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;udkaqmif&Guf&efvdktyfonhf0efxrf;
a&;&mZ,m;wpfcktm;jyifqifaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/tqkdygZ,m;wGif0efxrf;ta&
twGuf?t&nftcsif;rsm;?wm0efESihftcef;u@rsm;? tpD&ifcH&rnhfenf;vrf;rsm;
tp½SdonfwdkYtao;pdwfjynhfpHkpGmazmfjy&ygrnf/wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;ESihfywfoufí
tao;pdwfazmfjycsufrsm;yg0if&rnfjzpfNyD;OyrmrwlnDonhftajctaersm;wGif
rnfolrQqnftm;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufrnf?rnfolrSrnfonhfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrI^
ppfaq;rIrsm;twGuf wm0ef½Sdonf ponfwdkYyg0if&yg rnf/
qnftaejzihfaeYpOf24em&D0efxrf;rsm;jzihfaqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD;vkyfief;
aqmif&GufrI?ppfaq;rIESihfqnf\tvHkpHkaomjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIrsm;udkt&nft
aoG;jynhf0onhf0efxrf;rsm;jzihfwm0ef,laqmif&Gufaprnfjzpfonf/
qnftajctaeapmihfMunhf ppfaq;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;twGufqnfab;uif;vHkjcHK
a&;ppfaq;rIqdkif&mavhusihf oifwef;ay;xm;onhf0efxrf;rsm;jzihf aqmif&Guf
rnfjzpfonf/qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;pDrHcefYcJGrIESihfywfoufítawGUtMuHK½Sdonhf
t&nftcsif;jynhfpHkaom tif*sifeD,mrsm;xHrS qnftajctaeapmihfMunhfjcif;
qdkif&mtcsuftvuftuJjzwfjcif;ESihfqnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;
aqmif&Guf&efvkdtyfygonf/4if;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;atmifjrifpGm
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufEdkif&ef O & M tpDtpOf wpdwf wa'otjzpf
t&nftaoG;jynhf0aom0efxrf;rsm;twGufvHkavmufjynhfpHkaomoifwef;rsm;udk
aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm;twGuf4if;wkdY\vkyfief;aqmif&Guf
rIESihfqnfypönf;ud&d,mrsm;\enf;ynmqdkif&mu@rsm;yg0ifonhfoifwef;rsm;
aqmif&Gufygrnf/oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;wGiftpdwftydkif;rsm;ESihf ypönf;ud&d,m
rsm;\ pGrf;&nf? 4if;wdkY\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIponfrsm;yg0ifí 4if;wdkYtm;
off-siteoDtdk&Dydkif;qdkif&mtjyifon-sitevufawGUoifwef;rsm;jzihfygaqmif&Guf
oGm;ygrnf/
3/ qnfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrIvkyfief;pOfrsm;
qnfydkif½Sif^refae*smonfatmufygwdkYyg0ifaomqnfvkyfief;aqmif&Guf
rIrsm;tm;vHk;tm;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/
- a&avSmifuef first impoundment tpDtpOf (ueOD;a&G;cs,fxm;onhfvuf½Sd
vkyfief;aqmif&Gufaeaom qnfrsm;ESihf roufqdkifyg)
- a&avSmifuef rule curves(Oyrm- oufqdkifygu rwlnDonhf
&moDrsm;twGif; xdef;odrf;xm;&rnhf a&avSmfuef a&yrmP)
- yHkrSeftajctaersm;½Sd discharges (NrdKUjyESihf qnfajrmif;a&jznhfqnf;rI? in
stream a&pD;qif;rIvdktyfcsuf rsm; ponfwdkYESihftnD)
- yHkrSefr[kwfaomtajctaersm;½Sddischarges(a&vTrf;jcif;^rdk;acgifa&½Sm;
jzpfjcif;)
3.1/ qnfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrItpDtpOf
O&MtpDtpOftaejzihfatmufygwdkYyg0ifonhf qnfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrI
pepftao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;aqmif&Gufygrnf/
- a&pD;qif;rIxdef;csKyfpepf vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI (gates, valves, pumps)
- ukefxkwfvkyfolowif;tcsuftvufrsm;?yHkpHtpD&ifcHpmrsm;?wyfqif
rItpD&ifcHpmrsm;
- a&yrmPtwdkif;twmvkyfief;aqmif&GufrI
- SCADAESihf tcsufay;pepf (oufqdkifygu)
- Ekef;wifjcif; pDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOf
a&avSmifuef elevation – area – capacity curve, spillway rating curveESihftjcm; outlet
vkyfief;rsm;? a&avSmifuef rule curversm;udk yl;wGJpmrsufESmrsm;wGif ,SOfwGJ
azmfjyygrnf/
4/ jyKjyifxddef;odrf;rI
a&avSmifuefESihfoufqdkif&mzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkstructurersm;twGuf
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rItpDtpOfudkO&MtpDtpOfESihfudkufnDpGmjyifqifíatmufygwdkY
aocsmpGmaqmif&Gufxm;½SdEdkifrI½Sdap&ef tcsdefZ,m;t& (okdY) vdktyfcsuft&
aqmif&Guf&rnhfvkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;udk owfrSwf&ygrnf/
- ,HkMunftm;xm;Edkifí ab;uif;vHkjcHKaomvkyfief;aqmif&GufrI
- yHkrSefppfaq;jcif;
- ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;rIrsm; apmvsifpGm½SmazGazmfxkwfEkdifjcif;
- puf^ypönf;rsm;(plant)tm;vHk;aumif;rGefaomtajctaewGif
xdef;odrf;xm;Edkif&ef jyefvnf xlaxmif a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk
tcsdefudkufaqmif&Gufjcif;
4.1/ jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rItpDtpOf
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rItpDtpOftaejzihfqnftpdwftydkif;rsm;?jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rI
vdktyfonhfqufpyfwnfaqmufrISstructuresrsm;?tcsdefZ,m;tvdkufjyKjyifxdef;
odrf;rIvkyfief;rsm;ESihfrnfolrSrnfonhftcsdefwGifrnfonhft&mtm;aqmif&GufNyD;
pD; aMumif;ponfjzihfrSwfwrf;rsm;tp½SdonfwdkYudk cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;ygonf/
yHkrSefjyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;(routine-maintenance)qdkonfrSmtcsdefumvtajc
cHjzihfaomfvnf;aumif;(tywfpOf?vpOf)?toHk;jyKrI(,EÅ,m;vnfywfrIta&t
wGuf?vkyfief;aqmif&Guf vnfywfrIem&D)(okdY)tcsdefZ,m;tvdkufrsufjrifppf
aq;rIrSavhvmawGU½Sdonhftajctae(tvGeftuRH,dk,Gif;^yGef;pm;rItjzpfowfrS
wfEdkif)yHkrSefjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIwGif½dk;pif;onhfpufqD acsmqDvJvS,fonhftqihfrS
tvHk;pHkrGrf;rHppfaq;jcif; txd yg0ifEdkifygonf/
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;qdkif&mppfaq;a&;tpDtpOftm;qnfab;uif;vHkjcHK
a&;apmihfMunhfppfaq;jcif;ESihf wNydKifeufwnf; vkyfaqmif&ygrnf/
- pDrHudef;\tpdwftydkif;wckpDtwGufab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;^
ppfaq;a&;yHkpHpm&Guf(ppfaq;vTm)tm;aemufqufwGJpmrsufESmwGifxnhf
oGif;xm;ygonf/ (jyifqifxm;½Sd&ef)
- tu,fíjyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;ESihf okdYqnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;udpö&yfwpHk
w&mawGU½Sd&yguaqmif&Guf &rnfh vkyfief;tqihfqihfazmfjyonhfyHkpH
(flow chart)tm;aemufqufwGJpmrsufESmwGif yg0ifxnfhoGif;xm; ygonf/
(jyifqifxm;½Sd&ef)
yHkrSefjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rItpDtpOftusOf;csKyfudk Z,m; 9wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/
Z,m;-9/ yHkrSefjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rI^ppfaq;a&;tpDtpOf (jyifqifxm;½Sd&ef)
Maintenance Location Activity Frequency
Main Dam Maintenance inspection Monthly, Annually
Spillway Maintenance inspection Monthly, Annually
Intake Tower Maintenance inspection Monthly, Annually
Intake gate,
Low level outlet,
Maintenance gates, etc
Electrical and Mechanical Maintenance,
Inspection and Testing
Monthly, Annually
Access roads and dam office
buildings
Maintenance inspection
Drainage channel and culvert
watercourse clearing
Monthly, Annually
Maintenance Location Activity Frequency
Emergency maintenance Maintenance required after an event such
as a flood, typhoon, earthquake
As required
4.2/ jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIESihf ppfaq;a&;tpD&ifcHpmrsm; zdkifwGJodrf;qnf;jcif;
qnfppfaq;a&;vkyfief;rsm;tm;tcsdefZ,m;a&;qGJaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfNyD;
aumif;rGefaomrSwfwrf;xdef;odrf;xm;½SdrIvnf;vdktyfygonf/4if;wGif (routine-
inspection)yHkrSefppfaq;jcif;twGufvpOf^ESpfpOf?jynhfpkHus,fjyefYaom ppfaq;jcif;
(comprehensive inspection) twGuftcsdefumvtvdkuf(1)ESpfESihfta&;BuD; onhftjzpf
tysufrsm;jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf(Oyrmonf;xefpGmrdk;&GmoGef;jcif;?ajrivsif? rkefwdkif;
(okdY) vGefpGmjrihfrm; onhf odkavSmifrI extremely high storage)ponfjzihf yg0if
ygonf/
ppfaq;a&;aqmif&GufrINyD;onhftcgwdkif;wGifppfaq;a&;rSwfwrf;^tpD&if
cHpmtm; jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&; BuD;Muyfa&;rSL;wOD;rS qDavsmfaumif;rGefonhf
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIvkyfief;pDpOfaqmif&GufEdkif&ef tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&ygrnf/
jyKjyifxde;fodrf;rIvkyfief;rSwfwrf;rsm;tm;vHk;udkueOD;jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIp
pfaq;a&;tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ESihfwdkufqdkifppfaq;Edkif&ef&nfnTef;rSwfwrf;tjzpf
odrf;qnf;xm;&efjzpfonf/tenf;qHk;vpOfaqmif&GufonhfyHkrSefjyKjyifxdef;odrf;
rIppfaq;a&;rsm;rSmjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIvdktyfcsufwpHkw&mazmfxkwfowfrSwfEdkif
&efqDavsmfrI½SdNyD;oifhawmfonhfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIajz½Sif;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk
vnf;tuJjzwfEkdifygonf/vpOfapmihfMunhfppfaq;a&;yHkpH(ppfaq;vTm) (Monthly
Surveillance Check sheet)– qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihf jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&;tm;
jyifqifxm;½Sd&rnfjzpfNyD;aemufqufwGJpmrsufESmwGifyg0ifygonf/
(jyifqifxm;½Sd&ef)
4.3/ tcsdefumvtvdkuf jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rI? ppfaq;a&;ESihf prf;oyfjcif;
pufrIESihfvQyfppfypönf;ud&d,mrsm;onfoihfawmfaumif;rGefonhfjyKjyif
xdef;odrf;jcif;ESihfppfaq;prf;oyfjcif;rsm;vdktyfygonf/*dwfrsm;? Lifting equipment
ESihf Power Supplies rsm;tm;ppfaq;pOfumvrsm;twGif; ESihf tao;pm;
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;pojzihftjrJraoGjyKjyif xdef;odrf;rI
aqmif&Gufoihfyg onf/
ppfaq;prf;oyfrItpDtpOf\&nf&G,fcsufrSmtoHk;jyKypönf;ud&d,mrsm;
taejzihf aumif;rGefonhfvkyfief; aqmif&GufEdkifrItajctaewGif½Sdaeap&efESihf
ykHrSefESihfta&;ay:tajctae(2)rsdK;vHk;wGifaqmif&GufEdkifaMumif;aocsmrI½Sdap&ef
jzpfygonf/xdkYjyif vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm;taejzihf 4if;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESihf
tuRrf;w0if½Sdap&efESihftxl;ojzihftoHk;jyKonhftBudrfta&twGufenf;yg;^t
oHk;rjyKoavmuf enf;yg;jcif;r½Sdap&ef vdktyfyg onf/
qnfwGifwyfqifxm;onhfypönf;ud&d,mrsm;twGufa,bl,stcsdeftydkif;
tjcm;tvdkuftajccHjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIESihfprf;oyfppfaq;rIvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf
&rnfjzpfonf/ukefypönf;xkwfvkyfolrsm;rStMuHjyKwdkufwGef;onhfjyKjyifxdef;
odrf;a&;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tm;txl;tav;xm;&efESihfatmufazmfjyyg
a,bl,s vkyfief;rsm;ESihf aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/
5/ qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;apmihfMunhfppfaq;jcif; (surveillance)
5.1/ apmihfMunhfppfaq;jcif;vkyfief;\&nf&G,fcsuf
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;apmihfMunhfppfaq;rItcsdefZ,m;ywfoufí
rsufjrifppfaq;jcif;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;tm;apmihfMunhfppfaq;jcif;rsm;tygt0if
tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udkO&MtpDtpOfwGif½Sif;vif;pGm azmfjy&rnfjzpfNyD;
qnfESihfqufpyfzGJUwnfaqmufrIstructuresrsm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKpGmvkyfief;aqmif&Guf
Ekdifjcif;½Sd r½SSdaocsmap&efaqmif&Guf&rnf/qnftajctaeapmihfMunhfppfaq;
jcif;udk atmufygwdkYtwGuf aqmif&Guf &ygrnf/
- qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tuJjzwfcsufESihfqufEG,fíwdusonhfavhvm
ppfaq; ordkif;aMumif; tcsuf tvufrsm; pkpnf;Edkifap&ef/
- qnf\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tm;yHkrSeftuJjzwfjcif;ESihf
tpD&ifcHjcif;rsm;aqmif&GufEdkif ap&ef/
- ,dk,Gif;rIESifhqdk;&Gmaomtajctaetvm;tvmrsm;tm;apmvQifpGm
azmfxkwftpD&ifcHwifjyEdkifap&efESihftusdK;qufwkHYjyefaqmif&GufrIrsm;ESihf&
v'frsm;tm; avhvmapmihfMunhfrIrsm; acsmarGUpGmaqmif&Guf Edkifap&ef/
- Oya'a&;&mESihfpnf;rsOf;^pnf;urf;qdkif&mvdktyfcsufrsm;tm;jznhf
qnf;&ef/
5.2/ypönf;ud&d,mydkif;avhvmppfaq;jcif;
(ypönf;ud&d,mydkif;qdkif&mtpDtpOfjzihf NyD;pD;aqmif&Guf&ef)
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihfywfoufítxl;ojzihf atmufygu@rsm;wGif
ypönf;ud&d,mydkif;qkdif&m avhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/
- qnf\udk,fxnfydkif;yHko@mefysuf,Gif;jcif; (odkY) a&GUvsm;jcif;
- Seepageavhvmppfaq;jcif;(4if;wGifwmwrH (weirs)rsm;avhvmppfaq;jcif;
(okdY) ta&twGuf twdkif;rsufjrifavhvmjcif;rsm;yg0ifygonf/)
- Piezometer head
- a&avSmifuefa&yrmP ponfwkdYjzpfygonf/
5.3/ yHkrSefppfaq;a&;tpDtpOfESihf tBudrfta&twGuf
yHkrSefapmihfMunhfppfaq;jcif;(routine-surveillance)udkodomonhfab;uif; vHkjcHK
a&;qdkif&m,dk,Gif;rI - tvm;tvmrsm;r½Sdonhftcsdefrsm;wGifaqmif&Guf&rnf/
yHkrSefppfaq;a&;tpDtpOfudkZ,m;ykHpHjzihftusOf;csKyfazmfjyxm;ygonf/
pDrHudef;tpdwftydkif;wckpDtwGuf ppfaq;vTm (check sheet) rsm;udk O & M
tpDtpOf aemufqufwGJpmrsufESmwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/ ppfaq;rItNyD; (post-
inspection) aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;twGufvnf;jzpfpOfjyyHkpH (process diagram)jzihf
aemufqufwGJpmrsufESmwGif yg0ifygonf/
5.4/ tcsuftvufrsm; pkpnf;aumuf,ljcif;? odrf;qnf;jcif;ESihf qef;ppf
avhvmjcif;
5.4.1/ tcsuftvufrsm;pkpnf;aumuf,ljcif;
apmihfMunhfppfaq;a&;0efxrf;rsm;onfvufawGUvkyfief;cGiftcsuftvuf
rsm;aumuf,lpkpnf;jcif;? rsufjrif avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihf ud&d,mydkif;qdkif&m
ppfaq;Munhf½Ijcif; (jrpfa&pD;qif;rI? rdk;&GmoGef;rI? a&yrmP rsm;? see page
avhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;yg0if)ponhfvkyfief;rsm;twGufwm0ef,laqmif&Guf
&rnf/ppfaq;a&;0efxrf;rsm;twGuftcsuftvufaumuf,lrIyHkpHrSwqihf
wdusonhftcsuftvufrsm;pkpnf;aumuf,lEdkif&efoihfawmfonhfoifwef;rsm;
jznhfqnf;ay;&rnf/
5.4.2/ tcsuftvufrsm;odrf;qnf;jcif;
ppfaq;a&;vkyfief;pOftwGif; toHk;jyKonhf check sheets rsm;tm;vHk;udk
pepfwuszdkifwGJodrf;qnf;& rnf/ rdw¦Lrsm;udk sitewGif odrf;qnf;&rnhftjyif
O&Mrefae*smxHokdYvnf;avhvmoHk;oyfEdkif&efay;ykdY&rnf/rSwfwrf;wifxm;
onhftcsuftvufrsm;udkspreadsheettoHk;jyKíodrf;qnf;jcif;?qef;ppfavhvmjcif;
rsm; aqmif&Guf&rnf/ tqdkyg spredsheet udkumuG,fodrf;qnf;Edkif&ef back up
copy jyKvkyfí tjcm;½Hk;w½Hk;wGif odrf;qnf;xm;&rnf/
5.4.3/ tcsuftvufrsm;qef;ppfavhvmjcif;
apmihfMunhfppfaq;a&;qdkif&mowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udkpkpnf;aumuf
jcif;?pepfwuspDpOfjcif;?qef;ppfavhvmjcif;?tuJjzwfjcif;ESihfyHkpH,lqcsufrsm;
jzihfEdIif;,SOfavhvmjcif;rsm;aqmif&GufírlrrSefonhf tajctaewpHkw&m½Sdygu
azmfxkwfEdkif&efESihfqufoG,fa&;qdkif&mndkEdIif;rSwfwrf;(protowl)ygazmfjycsufrsm;
t&qufoG,fa&;aqmif&GufrIrsm;twGufjzpfygonf/þenf;tm;jzihf
aumif;rGefaomvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tm; tcsdefrSDaqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
6/ owday;EdI;aqmfjcif;tqihfrsm; (qHk;jzwf&ef)
6.1/ rsufjrifavhvmppfaq;jcif; (Visual Observation)
jyifqifxm;NyD;aemufqufwGJpmrsufESmwGifyg0ifonhfchecksheetsrsm;wGifod
omonhf rsufjrif avhvmppfaq;rItqihfowfrSwfcsufrsm; yg0if&rnfjzpfNyD;
ppfaq;a&;0efxrf;rSrnfonhftcsdefwGifyHkrSefr[kwfonhftajctaeavhvmawGU
½SSd&aMumif; qHk;jzwfEdkif&ef toHk;jyK&rnf/
6.2/ wdkif;wmrI^ud&d,mydkif;qkdif&mrsm; (Instrumentation)
tcsuftvufrsm;qef;ppfavhvmjcif;twGufwdkif;wmrIud&d,mrsm;ESihfywf
oufíatmufygowday; EdI;aqmfcsuftqihfrsm;udk owfrSwf&ygrnf/
tqihf (1) tcsuftvufppfaq;rI owday;EdI;aqmfcsuf (data check alarm)
wdkif;wmrIud&d,mpDpOfxm;½SdrI(set-up)jzihfwdkif;wmEkdifaom½kyfydkif;qdkif&muefY
owfcsuf (physical limit)rsm;twGif;½SdaeaMumif;aocsmap&ef tcsuftvuf
rsm;udk ppfaq;&ygrnf/
tqihf (2) yHkpHydkif;^tajccHordkif;aMumif;ppfaq;rI owday;EdI;aqmfcsuf
(design/historical check alarm)tcsuftvufrsm;rSmvufcHEdkifonfh uefYowfcsufrsm;
twGif;½Sdaeaomfvnf;yHkpHrSef;qcsufrsm;(odkY)tajccHordkif;aMumif;OD;pm;ay;jzpf
pOfESihfenf;vrf;rsm;tay:tajccHívnf;aumif;rSef;qonhfuefYowfcsufjyify
okdYa&mu½SdonhftcgrsdK;twGuf owday;uefYowfcsuf/
tqihf (3) toihftaetxm;^Edk;Mum;rI owday;EdI;aqmfcsuf (alert alarm)
tcsuftvufrsm;rSmvufcHEdkifaomuefYowfcsufrsm;jyifyokdYa&muf½SdoGm;
yguþtqihfowday;EdI;aqmfcsufonfvufcHEdkifaomuefYowfcsufrsm;xuf
ausmfvGefaeonhftjyKtrlrsm;tm; azmfjyEdkifygonf/
þowday;EdI;aqmfcsufyHkpHtm; oihfawmfNyD; t&nftaoG;jynhf0onhf
qnftif*sifeD,mwOD;rS owfrSwf &ygrnf/
7/ yHkrSeftpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;tpDtpOf
apmihfMunhfppfaq;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;twGufvkdtyfaomtpD&ifcHjcif;ESihfywf
oufí Z,m; 10wGiftESpfcsKyfazmfjyxm;ygonf/
Z,m; (10) yHkrSeftpD&ifcHjcif;tpDtpOf (qHk;jzwf&ef)
Report Frequency
Monthly Dam Safety Reports Monthly, reviewing information collected ininspection check
sheets
Annual Dam Performance Report Annual submission
5 Year Dam Safety Verification Every 5 year
Special Purpose Reports Under the following conditions:
a) detection of abnormal conditions of dam seepage or
deformation,
b) the dam is heavily damaged and/or the condition is
deteriorating,
c) failure or malfunction of the flow control mechanisms
occurs during flood season,
d) heavy rain is experienced in the reservoir catchment
with the reservoir already full, or
e) where there is any suspicion of sabotage.
ajryHkrsm;?a&;qGJyHkrsm;?yHk bm;csyfrsm;?ta&;ygonhf0efxrf;tcsdefZ,m;ponfrsm;
udk yl;wGJpmrsufESmwGif wGJvsufazmfjyxm;ygonf/ (jyifqifxm;½Sd&ef)
yl;wGJ (6.2) ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifxm;½SdrItpDtpOfrlabmif
1/ ed'gef;
1.1/ aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;
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tm;ueOD;a&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;NyD;jzpfía&avSmifuefrSa&jznhfqnf;ay;aeyg
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aejynfawmfa'oBuD;rsm;wGif wnf½SdNyD; 4if;wnf½SdNyD;qnfrsm;onf
qnfajrmif; vkyfief;rsm;twGuf a&jznhfqnf;ay;aeygonf/
ADSPwpdwfwa'ot&pdkufysdK;a&;0efBuD;Xme\qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xmetae
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tpOfrsm;udkjyifqifaqmif&Gufaeygonf/ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifxm;½SdrIt
pDtpOf (EPP)onf qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;\ wpdwfwydkif;jzpfNyD;
atmufygwkdYyg0ifygonf/
(1)wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;BuD;MuyfpDrHjcif;ESihft&nftaoG;,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI
rsm;twGuftpDtpOf (qnf wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf)
(2) wdkif;wmrIud&d,mydkif;qdkif&mtpDtpOf
(3) ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifxm;½SdrItpDtpOf
(4) vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESihfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rItpDtpOfrsm;ponf
wdkYjzpfygonf/
qnf\oufwrf;wpfavQmuftwGuf ydkif½SSif^zGHUNzdK;rIaqmif&Gufolonf
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKrItwGufoihfawmfonftpDtpOfrsm;aqmif&Guf&efESihf
vHkavmufonhft&if;tjrpfrsm;jznhfqnf;ay;&efwm0ef½Sdygonf/ EPPtaejzihf
qnfwck\ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfEdkifacstvm;tvmrsm;udkazmfxkwfowfrSwf
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aqmif&Guf&rnhfvkyfief;rsm;udkowfrSwf&rnfjzpfNyD;atmufzufdownstream a'o½Sd
ta&;ay:tajctaewHkYjyefaqmif&GufrIrsm; pDrHcefYcGJrIXmepdwfrsm;okdY apmvsif
onfhowday;EId;aqmfrIrsm; aqmif&GufEdkifap&ygrnf/
1.2/ EPP rlabmif\&nf&G,fcsuf
þEPP rlabmiftm;wm0ef,ltzGJUtpnf;rsm;?qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;?
atmufydkif;downstreamajrrsufESmoGifjyifavhvmwdkif;wmrI?qnf,kd,Gif;rI
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wGuf jyKpkjyifqif&jcif;jzpfonf/
jynfhpHkaumif;rGefonhfEPPrsm;udkazmfjyNyD;jzpfonhfqnf(4)ck^a&avSmifuef
(5)ckESihftaumiftxnfazmfumvyxr(2)ESpftwGif;tao;pdwfjyKjyifa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;rSwqihf a&G;cs,fowfrSwfrnhf aemufxyf qnfrsm;tygt0if qnf
wckpDtwGuf jyifqifaqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf/ jynhfpHkaumif;rGefonhf EPP
ESihfywfoufívHkjcHKa&;tajctae^taMumif;jycsufrsm;aMumihfazmfjytoday;Edkif
rnfr[kwfyg/okdYaomfta&;ay:tajctaeowday;csufrsm;?ab;vGwf&ma&TU
ajymif;jcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm; (vrf;aMumif;? qHkrSwf...ponf)ESihfywfoufí
atmufydkif; downstream a'o½SSdjynfolrsm;twGuf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
jzefYa0ay;Edkif&ef vufurf; pmapmifrsm;udk jyifqifaqmif&Gufygrnf/
EPP\&nf&G,fcsufrSmqnfESihfqufpyfwnfaqmufrSKStructuresrsm;\jzpfay:
Edkifonhf,dk,Gif;rItEÅ&m,frsm;udk½SmazGazmfxkwfíatmufzufdownstreama'orsm;
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aqmifcsufrsm;tm;rnfokdYaqmif&Guf&rnfpojzihfvrf;nTefEdkifap&efjzpfygonf/
tpDtpOftaejzihf atmufygwdkYtm; &,f&G,faqmif&GufEdkif&efjzpfonf/
(i)qnfESihfqufpyfwnfaqmufrI structures rsm;\ab;uif;vHkjcHKrItay:ouf
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tajctaetjzpf aMumfjim &ef vkyfief;pOfrsm;csrSwfjcif;
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tenf;qHk;okdYavsmhcsEdkifap &ef qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; csrSwfjcif;
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aqmif&Guf&rnhftao;pdwfvkyfief;rsm;csrSwfjcif;qnfwckpDtwGuf EPP
taejzihfatmufazmfjyygtpdwftydkif;rsm;a,bl,stm;jzihf yg0ifygonf/
2/ a,bl,sowif;tcsuftvufrsm;
a,bl,sowif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESihfywfoufítcef;(section)cGJíazmfjy
Edkif&efjyifqifaqmif&Guf&mEPPwGifyg0ifonhftzGJUtpnf;trsdK;rsdK;ESihfeD;uyfpGmyl;
aygif;aqmif&Gufygrnf/tqdkygtzGJUtpnf;rsm;onfEPPtm; avhvmoHk;oyf&ef
wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
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atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onhfqnfrsm;rSmueOD;a&G;cs,fa&;vkyfief;pOfrS&
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rsm;jzpfygonf/
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qnfvkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm; - aejynfawmf? ppfudkif;? yJcl;ESihf
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rsm;?
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(ID)HydrologyXmecGJ?
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trsdK;om;obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f . . . (NDOC)? ----- (MHEW)
tjcm;
2.3/ qufoG,fa&;qdkif&mzGJUpnf;yHk
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aetm;wHkYjyefaqmif&Guf&mwGifatmufygtqihf(4)qihfvkyfief;pOfjzihfaqmif&Guf
&ygrnf/
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ta&;ay:tajctaetvm;tvmtwGufoufqdkif&mwm0ef½Sdonhf
tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;tm; taMumif;Mum;jcif;
ta&;ay:tajctaetvm;tvmESihfywfoufíqnf\atmufbuf down
stream½Sdjynfolrsm;tm; taMumif;Mum;jcif;
qnf,kd,Gif;rItm;wm;qD;Edkif&efBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif;trsdK;rsdK;aom,dk
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tqdkygta&;ay:tajctaetpDtpOfrsm; taumiftxnfazmfpOftwGif;
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tcsufrsm;onftppftrSefowday;csufxkwfjyef&mwGifaESmihfaES;(22)qufoG,f
a&;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;yHkpHum;csyftm;jyifqifa&;qGJ&ygrnf/ EPPESihfywfoufí
a,bl,stcsuftvufrsm;\ tjcm;tpdwftydkif;rsm;wGif atmufyg wdkYyg0if
&ygrnf/
(1) ab;vGwf&ma&TUajymif;rI pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;
(2) u,fq,fa&;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;
(3) 0efaqmifrIrsm;yHhydk;jznhfqnf;jcif;(&JwyfzGJU?aq;bufqdkif&m?tpm;tpm?
a&)
(4) tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;rsm;Mum; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;
txufygEPPjyifqifaqmif&Gufjcif;udkatmufygwdkYyg0ifaomta&;ay:t
ajctaeESihfywfoufonhft"dutzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESihfeD;uyfpGmyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf
ygrnf/ (qufvufoHk;oyfaqG;aEG;&ef)
qnfvkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm;-aejynfawmf?ppfudkif;?yJcl;ESihfrEÅav;
a'orsm;½SdpdkufysdK;a&;0efBuD;Xme?qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xmevufatmuf½Sd
a'oqdkif&mqnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xmersm;?
aejynfawmf?ppfudkif;?yJcl;?rEÅav;a'orsm;½Sda'oqdkif&mtpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;
rsm;?
v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESihfqnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme(MOAI)/ qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme
(ID)?HydrologyXmecGJ?
o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;0efBuD;Xme? rdk;av0oESihf ZvaA'OD;pD;Xme
trsdK;om;obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f --- (NDOC)? --- (MHEW)
tjcm;
3/ qnf,dk,Gif;rItvm;tvmoGifjyifrsm;azmfjycsuf
EPP\þtcef;wGifjzpfEdkifacs½Sdaomqnf,dk,Gif;rIoGifjyifrsm;prf;ppf avh
vmrI&v'frsm;udkwifjyxm;ygonf/qnfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrI0efxrf;rsm;tae
jzihfqnf,dk,Gif;rIrSjzpfay:Edkifonfhab;tEÅ&m,fqdk;usdK;rsm;udka½Smif½Sm;&ef
(okdY) avsmhcsEdkif&ef aqmif&GufrItpDtpOfrsm; owfrSwfpDpOfxm; ½SdEdkif&ef
t"du,dk,Gif;rItrsdK; tpm;rsm;ESihf 4if;wkdY\qufEG,fonhfvu©Pm&yfrsm;udk
od½Sdxm;&ygrnf/
qnf(embankment)\a,bl,s,dk,Gif;rItrsdK;tpm;rsm;ESihf4if;wkdY\qufEG,f
onhfvu©Pm&yfrsm;udkatmufygtwdkif; trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;xm;ygonf/
Overtopping (a&vQHjcif;)
qnftwGif;½Sdxdef;odrf;xm;onhfa&yrmPtm;teD;uyfavhvmppfaq;
oihfNyD;txl;ojzihfonf;xefonhfrdk;&GmoGef;rIESihfa&pD;qif;rIumvrsm;wGifjzpf
onftu,físpillwayESihfa&avSmifuef\pGrf;&nfxufausmfvGefygua&vQHjcif;jz
pfay:ygrnf/a&vQHjcif;aMumihfqnfa&umwm\a&pkef(okdY) a&qefqifajcavQm
rsm;cRwfacsmfjcif;(Slipping)(okdY)a&pD;jzihfarQmygjcif;(washaway)ponfwdkYjzpfEdkifyg
onf/ Spillway wGif ydwfqkdYrIjzpfygu qnfa&vQHjcif;jzpfEdkifygonf/
qnf(okdY)4if;\tajccHtkwfjrpf(Foundation)rStwGif;ydkif;ajrqDvTmwdkufpm;jcif;
aMumihfjzpfaomPipingqnfeH&Hrsm;rSwqihf Seepage jrefqefpGmwdk;jrihfvmjcif;?
qnfeH&H\downstream toe ½Sd (okdY) teD;tem; ½Sd &THU,kdxGufrI (Muddy discharge)ESihf
^okdY a&avSmifueftwGif;½Sd 0Juawmh (eddy)ponf enf;vrf;tm;jzihf Piping
tm;cGJjcm;owfrSwfEdkifygonf/
qnfwrH(embankment) (okdY) upstream(okdY) downstream avsmusjcif; (Slide)
qnfwrH(embankment)upstream(odkY)downstreamavsmhusjcif;(slide)onf qnf\
crestedrfhus jcif;udk jzpfEdkifonhftjyifqnfeH&HwGiftm;enf;csufudk jzpfay:apí
Piping jzpfEdkifygonf/
spillway ,dk,Gif;rI
Spillway½kwfw&uf,dk,Gif;rIonfqnf\tvHk;pHk,dk,Gif;rIudkjzpfapEdkifygo
nf/a&BuD;jcif;jzpfay:onhfumvtwGif;uGefu&pf\ tm;enf;csufrsm;aMumihf
(okdY) a&BuD;jcif;jzpfay:onhf umvtwGif; spillway½Sd trdIufo½dkufrsm;aMumihf
spillwayysufpD;í 4if;,dk,Gif;rIjzpfapEdkifygonf/
qnfwckpDtwGufqnf,dk,Gif;rIenf;vrf;trsdK;rsdK;tm;qef;ppfavhvmrI
rsm;udktao;pdwfpl;prf;avhvmrIESihfyHkpHrsm;ESihftwl atmufydkif; downstreama'o
ajrrsufESmoGifjyif(topographic)ajryHkrsm;?qnf,dk,Gif;rIjzpfay:yguoufa&mufcH&
rnhfa'orsm;tao;pdwftajctaetwGufa&BuD;rIerlemprf;oyfyHkpHi,faqmif
&Gufjcif;ponfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf aqmif&Gufygrnf/
4/ a&BuD;jcif;qdkif&m&nfñTef;ajryHk (inundation map)
EPP\þtcef;(section)wGifqnfusdK;aygufrIqef;ppfavhvmjcif;
^atmufzufdownstreama&BuD;jcif; erlemprf;oyfyHkpHi,favhvmjcif;&v'frsm;ESihf
qnf,dk,Gif;yguoufa&mufcH&Edkifrnhftao;pdwfae&ma'orsm;tm;wifjy&yg
rnf/xdkYaMumihfa&BuD;jcif;qdkif&m&nfñTef;ajryHkonfqnf,dk,Gif;rIjzpfay:ygu
oufa&mufrIcH&rnhfae&ma'orsm;tm;½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjy&ygrnf/ajryHkrsm;onf
atmufyga&BuD;rItajctaersm;rSjzpfonhfa&BuD;^a&vQHjcif;rsm;udk
azmfjy&ygrnf/
- aeomonhfaeY&uf(sunnyday)qnfusdK;aygufa&BuD;jcif;
aeomonhfaeYwGifjzpfay:onhfajrivsif ESihfqufpyfí4if;
- rdk;&GmoGef;onhfaeY&uf(rainy day)qnfusdK;aygufa&BuD;jcif;
- qnf,dk,Gif;rIESihftwlqnfcresta&BuD;^a&vQHjcif;“Sunnyday”qnfusdK;ayguf
a&BuD;jcif;onfjrpftwGif;yHkrSefa&pD;enf;yg;rIESihftwljzpfay:ygonf/
“rainy day” qnfusdK;aygufa&BuD;jcif;onfqnf\xdyfpGef; crest
yrmPa&vQHrIqnfudkausmfvGefonhftcgrsm;wGifjzpfay:ygonf/jzpfay:
onhfa&BuD;rIxkxnfESihfjyefvnfusqif;onhfumvrsm;tygt0ifqnf
usdK;azmufrItajctaeyHkpHrSef;qcsuf(scenarios)rsm;twGufa&BuD;^a&vQHrIerlem
prf;oyfyHkpHi,favhvmjcif;udkvnf; aqmif&Gufygrnf/
a&BuD;jcif;qdkif&m&nfñTef;ajryHkwGifa&G;cs,fxm;onhfwnfae&mrsm;
twGufoufqdkifonhftcsuftvufrsm;jzpfonhftjrihfqkH;a&teuf?trsm;
qHk;pD;qif;xkxnf?a&BuD;rItjrihfqHk;a&muf½Sdrnhftcsdef?ponfrsm;udk jznfhqnf;
azmfjy&ygrnf/tqdkygajrykHrsm;udkatmufzufdownstreamajrrsufESmoGifjyifwdkif;
wmcsuf?qnfusdK;aygufrIqef;ppfavhvmcsufESihfpDrHudef;taumiftxnf azmf
umvyxr(2)ESpftwGif;tao;pdwfyHkpHtMuHjyKaqG;aEG;EIrSwqihfqnf(5)ckt
eufwckcsif;pDtwGufatmufzuf downstream a&BuD;rI erlemyHkpHi,f avhvm
csufponfrsm;tay:tajccHíjyifqifaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ajrmuf,rm;txuf
ydkif;ESihfatmufydkif;qnf(2)cktwGufEPPwckwnf;udkomyl;wGJa&;qGJjyKpk&ef
tMuHjyKvdkygonf/
5/avhvmppfaq;jcif;pepfrsm;ESihf(early warning)apmvQifonhf owday;pepfrsm;
EPPtaejzihfqnfapmihfMunhfppfaq;a&;pepfrsm;aeom;wusxm;½Sdaqmif
&GufEdkifap&efowfrSwf&rnf/tpDtpOfwGif½kyfydkif;qdkif&m^rsufjrifppfaq;rI
twGufvdktyfonhfypönf;ud&d,m^yHhydk;rIt*Fg&yfrsm;owfrSwfjcif;?ta0;rSavh
vmppfaq;jcif;?prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;ponfwdkYyg0ifygonf/
rnfonfhtajctaersm;rSmaeYpOf?tywfpOf?vpOf?ESpfpOfppfaq;&efvdktyfonf
pojzihfcGJjcm;owfrSwfEdkif&efapmihfMunhfppfaq;rItBudrfta&twGufudk
owfrSwf&rnf/apmihfMunhfppfaq;rItqihftrsdK;rsdK;twGufwm0ef,laqmif&Guf
rnhfyk*¾dKvf rsm;udkvnf; ½Sif;vif;pGmowfrSwf&ygrnf/
apmihfMunhfppfaq;rIwGifykHo@mefysuf,Gif;jcif;?a&GUvsm;rI?wkefcgjcif;p
onhftcsufrsm;tm;avhvmppfaq;jcif;?galleriesrsm;?spillwayESihfpenstocksrsm;yg0if
onhfstructuresrsm;ppfaq;jcif;ponfwdkYyg0ifygonf/xdkYjyifapmihfMunhfppfaq;a&;
vkyfief;pOfwGif vQyfppf^pufrIqdkif&m? tDvufxa&mepfESihf vQyfppfypönf;
ud&d,mrsm;tm;vHk;udk ppfaq;prf;oyfjcif;rsm;vnf; yg0if&ygrnf/
EPPtaejzihfxda&mufonhf avhvmppfaq;a&;pepfESihf apmvQifonhf
owday;pepfrsm;vnf; vdktyfyg onf/ 4if;wGif tydkif; 3ydkif;yg0ifygonf/
- ta&;ygonhfqnfavhvmppfaq;a&;ud&d,mrsm;
- apmvQifonhf owday;pepf (early warning system)
- qufoG,fa&;pepf
- aumif;rGefrSefuefonhf rSwfwrf;odrf;qnf;rI ponfwdkUjzpfygonf/
(u) qnfavhvmppfaq;a&;ud&d,mrsm;
qnftwGufvdktyfonhfwdkif;wmrIqdkif&mud&d,mrsm;tm;jznhfqnf;ay;
xm;onhfyHkpHtao;pdwfowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihftao;pdwfyHkpHwGifus,fjyefYpGmpDpOf
azmfjyxm;onhfypönf;jznhfqnf;rIESihfwyfqifrItwnfjyKvkyfief;pOfrsm;ESihftnD
yHkpHjyK? wyfqif&ygonf/ wdkif;wmrIud&d,mrsm;wyfqiftoHk;jyKjcif;wGif
qnf\udk,fxnfydkif;yHko@mefysuf,Gif;rIrsm;(okdY)a&GUvsm;rIrsm;avhvmppfaq;
jcif;? Seepage ESihf a&avSmifuefa&yrmP ppfaq;jcif;ponfwdkY yg0ifygrnf/
ud&d,mydkif;qkdif&menf;ynm½Sifrsm;taejzihf4if;ud&d,mrsm;rSavhvmawGU
½Sdonhftcsuftvufrsm;tm;pDrHtuJjzwfjcif;jzihftvm;tvm½SdonhftEÅ&m,f
rsm;udkazmfxkwfowfrSwfjcif;?a&BuD;a&vQHyrmPrsm;udktuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;
rsm; aqmif&GufEdkif&ef EPPtm;jyifqifaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
azmfxkwf awGU½Sd&onhfudpö&yfrsm;udkab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;t&m½SdxHokdY
tpD&ifcHwifjy&rnfjzpfNyD;4if;rSoufqdkif&mab;tEÅ&m,ftwGufzGJUpnf;xm;
onhfSstructurersm;okdYqufoG,ftaMumif;Mum;&rnf/qnfwGif½Sdonhfvkyfief;
aqmif&GufrIenf;ynm½Sif\wm0efwpdwfwa'ojzpfonfhqnf\ab;uif;vHkjcHK
a&;twGufyHkrSefppfaq;rIrsm;udkvnf;aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfygonf/ Z,m;yHkpHjzihf
azmfjyxm;onhftqdkygppfaq;&rnhfpm&if;ESihfqufEG,fonhfudpö&yfwpHkw&may:
aygufawGU½Sd&ygu4if;udkqnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;t&m½SdxHokdtpD&ifcHwifjy&
rnf/vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonhf0efxrf;(operation staff)rsm;onfqnf \ab;uif;
vHkjcHKa&;ESihf wnfwHhcdkifjrJrIrsm; tm; xdcdkufEdkifonhf tif*sifeD,mydkif;
qdkif&m½Iaxmihfrsm;tm;cGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;?ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;udkwm0ef,l
aqmif&Guf&rnf/
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;t&m½Sdonf –
- qnfwGifwyfqifxm;onhfavhvmppfaq;a&;qdkif&mud&d,mrsm; structures
rsm;\udkufnDaompGrf;&nfwkHYjyefrIrsm;(OyrmarQmfrSef;xm;onhftajccsrIset
tlements)ESihfywfoufítuefYtowfrsm;?Flowseepage½SdarQmfrSef;xm;onhfpD;
qif;rIEIef;?pD;qif;rIapmihfMunhfppfaq;wrH^,if;(weirs)rsm;)ponfwdkYESifh
ywfoufí tjynhft0 tuRrf;w0ifavhvmxm;rI½Sd&rnf/
- þEPPESihfywfoufívnf;aumif;?O&Mvkyfief;vrf;ñTef\vkdtyfcsuf
rsm;ESihfywfoufí4if;tjynhft0tuRrf;w0ifavhvmxm;rI½Sd&rnf/
- oufqdkif&mab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJrItzGJUtpnf;(structures)rsm;odkY today;
taMumif;Mum;jcif;ESihfywfoufívdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnhfvkyfief;pOfrsm;
tm; tjynhft0od½Sdem;vnf&rnf/
- ab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefYcGJrIzGJUpnf;yHk (Structures)rsm;tm; a,bl,stm;jzihf
jcHKikHí aumif;pGmod½Sdem;vnf xm;&ygrnf/
(c) apmvQif owday;csufESihf ta&;ay:tajctaersm; cGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;
qnfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrI0efxrf;(operationstaff)rsm;onfta&;ay:tajct
aewpHkw&mtm;cGJjcm;owfrSwfEdkif&rnfjzpfNyD;qnf,dk,Gif;rI\qdk;usdK;
oufa&mufrIrsm;udka½Smif½Sm;(okdY)avQmhcsEdkif&efvdktyfonhfvkyfief;pOfrsm;
owfrSwfaqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuft"du,dk,Gif;rItrsdK;tpm;yHkpHrsm;?
qufpyfud&d,mrsm;rSrsufjriftajctaersm;ESihfywfoufíaumif;pGmod½Sd
em;vnf&ygrnf/a,bl,stab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;?qufpyfvu©
Pm&yfrsm;tm; Z,m; (11)wGif tusOf;csKyfwifjyxm;yg onf/
4if;wkdYtm;tao;pdwfpl;prf;avhvmrIESihfjyifqifa&;vkyfief;yHkpHtMuHay;
aqmif&GufrIrsm;tay: tajccHí jynhfpHkaumif;rGefonhf EPPwGif tao;
pdwfowfrSwfazmfjy&ygrnf/
Z,m;(11)qnf(embankment)rsm;twGuf a,bl,sowday;trSwftom;rsm;ESihf
jzpfEdkifacs½Sdaom ta&;ay: tajctaersm; (qef;ppfavhvm&ef)
owday;trSwft
om;rsm;
jzpfEdkifonhfta&;ay:tajctaersm;
Seepage {&d,mt
opf?vuf½Sdseepage
^pdkpGwf
{&d,mrSwdk;jrihf
vmonhfpD;qif;rI
(okdY)
avhvmapmihf
Munhfaeonhfa&
ajrmif;pD;qif;rI½Sd
xl;jcm;
onhfwdk;jrihf wdk;
yGm; rIrsm;
qnf\toe(okdY)abutment(okdY)qnf\ downstreamqifajcavsm
(okdY)downstream {&d,mwGif seepage wdk;jrihf (okdY)
topfay:aygufjcif;onfylyefp&mtajctaejzpfygonf/
tb,faMumihfqdkaomf4if;onfseepageESihfqufpyfonfh ,dk,G
if;rIyHkpHtvm;tvmjzpfay:Edkifonf/tvm;wlyifapmihfMunfh
aeonhf seepage^wl;ajrmif;pD;qif;rI wdk;jrihfvmjcif;onf
qnfsitewGifseepagetajctaetajymif;tvJudkñTefjyaeNyDး
seepagequfpyf,dk,Gif;rIyHkpHZ,mjzpfay:EkdifonfhqnfteD;uyf
avhvmppfaq;rIrsm;udk zGJUpnf;í tajctaersm;udk
tvQif tjref pHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf/
Seepage pD;qif;rI
jzifhypönfးo,f,l
ydkY aqmifonfh
taxmuftxm;
rsm;
4if;onf see page wdkufpm;jcif;(odkY) Piping udk wdkuf ½dkuf
ñTefjyaeygonf/ EIef;wifrI tenf;i,f yrmP(odkY)
wnfNidrfonfh See page EIef; tenf;i,fonf ,dk,Gif;rI
yHkpHtvm;tvmjzpfay:aeNyDjzpfaMumif;azmfjyygonf/
&GHUxlí jrefqefpGmwdk;jr§ifhvmonfh S see pageonf tvGef
ta&;BuD;NyD; qnf,dk,Gif;rI jrefqefpGm qufvuf jzpf
ay:Edkifonf/
wrlxl;jcm;onfh
a&zdtm;tcsuf
tvufrsm;
xl;jcm;onfh Piezometer a&zdtm;udef;*Pef;rsm;
(ordkင;aMumif; tajccHyHkrSef vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh
udkufnD rIr&Sd)on Seepagetajctae tajymif; tvJrsm;
qnf\ vkyfaqmifcsufpGrf;&nf(odkY) ESifh tkwfjrpfrsm;wGif
tajymif;tvJrsm;udk ñTefjyaeNyD; tvQiftjrefpHkprf;
ppfaq;oifhonf/ tqdkyg tcsuf tvufrsm;udk tjcm;
seepage tajctae ajymif;vJaMumif; taxmuftxm;
rsm;ESifh aygif;pHk wdkufqdkif jzpfay:ygu pdk;&drf&onfh
tajctaejzpfygonf/ (Seepagetopf^ pdkpGwf{&d,m
vuf&SdSeepage^pdkpGwf {&d,m&Sdtajymif;tvJ? apmifhMunfhae
onfh a&ajrmif;pD;qif;rIwGif xl;jcm;onfh wdk;jrifhvmrI)
sinkholes (odkY)
xl;jcm;onfh
wm^wrH
(Embank ment)
tenfxdkifrI
settlement rsm;
(odkY) yHko@ef
ysuf,Gif;jcif;/
a&pdrfh *vdkifayguf (Sinkholes)rsm;onf embankment (odkY)
tajccHtkwfjrpf&Sd meterial ypönf;rsm; seepage pD;qif;rIjzifh
ajrrsufESmjyif atmuf&Sd ausmufvTmrsm;
z,f&Sm;cH&jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/tvm;wlyif wrlxl;jcm;
onfh tenfxdkifrI (sinkholes) (odkY) yHkpHysuf,Gif;rIrsm; onf
Seepage flaw aMumifhS subsurface Material ajrrsufESmjyif atmuf&Sd
ausmufvTm ypönf;rsm; z,f&Sm;cH&jcif;udk ñTefjyygonf/
a&pdrfhayguf (Sinicholes)(odkY) xl;jcm;onfh tenfxdkifrI
Seettlement(odkY) qnfwm^ wrH(embarkment) yHkpH
ysuf,Gif;rIrsm;udktxl;tav;xm;í tvQiftjref pHkprf;
avhvmonf/
uefYvefYjzwft
ufuGJaMumif;(Tran
sverse Cracks)
(Upstream –
downstreamvrf;aM
umif;)
4if;taejzifhS seepage qufpyf,dk,Gif;yHkpH rvGJraoG
jzpfay:aeNyD[k rqdkvdkyg/ odkYaomf ,if;ESifhywfoufí
tm½Hkpdkufowdxm;rI wdk;jr§ifh&efjzpfygonf/
qnf\ Seepage pGrf;aqmif&nftajymif;tvJ (wm^
wrH(embankment) ESifh tkwfjrpf a&zdtm;
avhvmapmifhMunfhjcif; tygt0if) onf seepageESifh
qufpyf ,dkY,Gif;rIyHkpHpwif jzpfay: jcif; &Sd r&Sd
taumif;qHk;ñTefjycsufjzpfonf a&avSmifuef Current Level
txufjynfhvmonfh umvtawm twGif;wGif
qnfteD;uyf avhvmapmifhMunfhrIrsm;udk aqmif&Guf
oifhygonf/
a'gifvdkuftuf
uGJ aMumif;
(Longitudinal Crack)
(qnf0if½dk;ESifh
rsOf;NydKif)
4if;onf qnf\ Sliding substability(rwnfNidrfrI)aMumifh
jzpfEdkifNyD; pdk;&drfylyef&onfh tajctaejzpfonf/ xdkYjyif
wm^wrH (embankment)tenfxdkifrI (settlement) aMumifh
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ESifh0efxrf;rsm;pm&if; (jyifqif&ef)
Name of Organization /Responsibility Name of Representative Telephone Contacts
Dam Instrumentation Technician
Dam Safety Officer
Head of Dam Operation Office
Township Administration office
Multi Hazards Early Warning Center
Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
Regional Governments
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology
(C) tjcm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;
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t&efoifh rD;pufrsm; (Standby Geverators)
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Multi Hazard Early Warning Center
MuufajceDtzGJU
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aemufqufwGJ (1) (c) – ajrmuf,rm;qnfajrmifpDrHudef;
azmfjyonfhajryHk
aemufqufwGJ (1) (*) – qGmacsmif;qnfajrmifpDrHudef;
azmfjyonfhajryHk
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vwåDwG'f
93D/4-
475455
96 degree
2 minutes
84J/12K- 010779
94 degree 34
minutes
21 degree 59
94A/4V
645280
96 degree
12 minutes
93 (B-2) S.R-
853018
96 degree 6
minutes
avmif*sDwG'f
20 degree
9 minutes
minutes 19 degree
11 minutes
22 degree 34
minutes
qnftrsdK;tpm; Zone Earth
Fill Dam
Earthen Earth Fill
Dam
Earthen
owfrSwf{&d,m 308 191 403 75
qnftjrihf(ay)
109
65
97 (Main
dam)
40 (saddle
dam)
72
qnftvsm; (ay) 1350
10400
6600
(Main
dam)
16900
(saddle
dam)
11850
qnfodkavSmifrI
pkpkaygif;^{u(ay)
Live ^{u(ay)
Dead ^{u(ay)
ysrf;rQrdk;a&csdef(vufr)
ysrf;rQESpfpOfa&pD;0ifrI
({u^ay)
pkpkaygif;a&avSmifuef
owfrSwf{&d,m
pkpkaygif; ({u)
143,090
125,787
17,303
33.74
110000
25,416
15,218
14,057
11,221
2,836
34
66430
31,000
30,320
216,350
188,180
28,170
83.75
312040
35,000
23,467
57,470
50,060
7,410
43.6
65000
10,000
6,500
tom;wif ({u)
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pGrf;&nf
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ajrjyifa&toHk;jyKrI
0
30
households
100 acres
0/250kW
0
0
0
0
0
5kW in canal
0
0
a&oG,f>yeftrsdK;tpm;
a&oG,f>yeft&G,ftpm;
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a&oG,f>yefxkwfvTwf^
pD;qif;yHkpH
Reinforced
Cement
Concrete
6ft x 4ft (2
Nos)
(1.83m x
1.22m) (2
Nos)
-
-
Reinforced
Cement Concrete
6ft x 4ft (2 Nos)
258
240
Reinforced
Cement
Concrete
6ft x 4ft (3
Nos)
362
750
Reinforced Cement
Concrete
Left: 3’.Ǿ (1 No)
Right: 6ft x 4ft (1
No)
Left: 251
Right: 221
Left: 50
Right: 200
vuf½Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\enf;ynmqkdif&mtcsuftvufrsm; (CONTD)
taMumif;t&m qnftrnfrsm;
qifao ajrmuf,rm; qGm rvdewfawmif
Type of Spillway
Length of Spillway
(ft)
Width of Spillway
(ft)
Spillway Design
Discharges
(Cusecs)
Length of
Emergency
Spillway (ft)
Width of
Emergency
Spillway (ft)
Ogee Type
Reinforced
Cement
Concrete
510
110
-
-
18490
Reinforced
Cement Concrete
413
100
7500
341
500
Duckbill Type
Reinforced
Cement
Concrete
-
400
-
-
52500
Reinforced Cement
Concrete
-100
-
-
8000
Length of Main
Canal (miles)
Main Canal
Discharges
(Cusecs):
Length of
Distributaries
Left: 12
Right: 29
Left: 500
Right: 312
15.87
-
16.67 (1 Nos)
-
Left: 5
Right: 10
-
(miles):
Canal Structures
-
-
30.4
487 Nos
41.94 (8 Nos)
916 Nos
-
Left: 50 Nos
Right: 84 Nos
Irrigable Area
(acres)
(Gross):
(Net):
Irrigated Area:
acres
25,416
(32400)
15,218
12,712
(16032)
12,000
11,320
5,900
35,000
23,467
20,670
10,000
6,500
5,755
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme(2014)? tcsuftvufrsm;udk ADP
enf;ynmwdkif;wmrItzGJUodkYaygif;pyfrQa0xm;ygonf/&efukef
rSwfcsuf - pkpkaygif;qnfa&ay;Edkifaom{&d,monfaus;&Gmrsm;? vrf;rsm;?
qnfa&ray;EdkifaompdrfhajrESifhajrjrifhydkif;rsm;tygt0ifpepfe,f
owfrsOf;rsm;twGif;&Sdpkaygif;{&d,mudkqdkvdkonf/
tom;wifqnfa&ay;Edkifaom{&d,mqnfa&jznfhqnf;ay;Edkif
onfhpkpkaygif;0efaqmifrI{&d,m/qnfa&aomuf{&d,m-
trSefwu,f&&Sdaeonfhtom;wifqnfa&ay;Edkifaom{&d,m
Z,m;(16)ESpfpOfqnftwGif;odkYpD;0ifonfha&xkxnf ({u – ay)
ckESpf
qifaoqnf
(143090)
ajrmuf,rm;qnf
(14057)
qGmqnf
(216350)
rvdewfawmifqnf
(57470)
2000 125ç094 - - -
2001 113ç869 - - -
2002 114ç577 - - -
2003 81ç703 - - -
2004 33ç718 - 594ç385 -
2005 133ç678 281ç177 750ç216 -
2006 57ç590 38ç557 725ç755 -
2007 91ç019 191ç303 676ç896 -
2008 77ç174 49ç474 487ç714 50ç084
2009 31ç704 219ç199 389ç218 44ç825
2010 60ç603 272ç826 509ç056 159ç016
2011 117ç490 575ç299 906ç789 109ç435
2012 27ç169 135ç044 435ç708 33ç214
2013 92ç481 26ç809 574ç642 97ç553
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme (2014)
rSwfcsuf(1) uGif;jzifhazmfjyonfh udef;*Pef;rsm;rSm oufqdkif&mqnftvdkuf
trsm;qHk;a&odkavSmifxm;Edkifrljzpfygonf/(2)ajrmuf,rm;twGuftcsuft
vufrsm;rSmajrmuf,rm;acsmif;udkjzwfíwnfaqmufxm;onfhtxufydkif;ESifh
atmufydkif;qnf (2)ckrStcsuftvufrsm;udkaygif;pyfazmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
yHk(3) ESpfpOfqnftwGif;odkY a&pD;0ifrI (2008-2013)
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Annual inflow to dam (acre feet)
Sinthe North Yamar Swa Male Nattaung
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Annual inflow to dam (acre feet)
Sinthe North Yamar Swa Male Nattaung
ESpfpOfqnftwGif;odkYa&pD;0ifrI ({u-ay)
ESpfpOfqnftwGif;odkYa&pD;0ifrI ({u-ay)
Z,m;(17)– tqdkjyKpDrHudef;a'orsm;\ qnfa&aomuf{&d,mrsm;rS
yQrf;rQESpfpOfrdk;&GmoGef;rI
ckESpf
qifaoqnf ajrmuf,rm;qnf qGmqnf rvdewfawmifqnf
1999 39.83 n.a n.a n.a
2000 22.49 n.a n.a n.a
2001 35.12 n.a n.a n.a
2002 9.12 n.a n.a n.a
2003 14.35 n.a n.a n.a
2004 11.21 n.a 61.14 n.a
2005 23.58 24.22 51.8 n.a
2006 33.85 24.52 81.45 n.a
2007 22.48 23.15 47.59 n.a
2008 21.32 28.35 43.85 30.33
2009 7.25 41.69 38.77 29.43
2010 20.39 50.64 63.2 67.51
2011 23.72 51.14 110.91 56.94
2012 15.65 28.22 84.82 29.8
2013 23.38 14.08 100.08 42.43
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme(2014)?
rSwfcsuf(n.a)onf ]]tcsuftvufr&Edkifao;}}[k qdkvdkonf/
Z,m;(18)
vuf&Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\ owfrSwf{&d,m&Sd opfawmjyKef;wD;rIEIef;
qnfajrmif;
pDrHudef;
opfawmzHk;vTrf;rI
(ha)
Mum;umv
(ESpf)
opfawmqHk;½HI;rI
(ha)
ESpfpOf
opfawm
zkH;vTrf;rI
{&d,mqHk;½HI;rI
(ha)
tajymif;
tvJ
(%)
tajccH
ESpf
2013
a b c d e = a-b f = e/d (f/a)*100
qifao 28ç329 14ç103 23 14ç226 619 2.18
ajrmuf,rm; 17ç678 9ç804 13 7ç874 606 3.43
qGmacsmif; 70ç845 57ç655 13 13ç190 1ç015 1.43
မလနwfawmif 12ç354 10ç816 8 1ç538 192 1.56
t&if;tjrpf – Eco Dev (2014) &&Sdonfh remote sensingtcsuftvufrsm;rS?
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;twGufajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJqef;ppfavhvm
csuf? &efukef/
yHk(4)vuf&Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\owfrSwf{&d,mrsm;&SdopfawmzHk;vTrf;rIy
rmP tajymif;tvJrsm;
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
Sin The North Yamar Swa Chaung Male Nattaung
Fore
st C
ove
r (h
a)
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;
Base Year
2013
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
Sin The North Yamar Swa Chaung Male Nattaung
Fore
st C
ove
r (h
a)
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;
Base Year
2013
Z,m;(19) pDrHudef;{&d,m\ vlrI-pD;yGm;qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;
taMumif;t&m qnftrnfrsm;
qifao ajrmuf,rm; qGm rvd
ewfaw
mif
aus;&Gmpkta&twGuf
aus;&Gmta&twGuf
33
78
17
35
24
133
10
30
owfrSwf{&d,m&SdvlOD;a&
(vlyk*¾dKvf)
tdrfaxmifpkta&twGuf
awmifolta&twGuf
ajr,mrJhtdrfaxmifpkta&twGuf
owfrSwf{&d,m&Sdwdkif;&if;om;
vlenf;pkrsm;
107ç926
22ç640
5ç420
8ç766
nil
69ç500
12ç500
3ç000
8ç100
nil
80ç009
16ç319
17ç000
5780
Karen
spread over
the area
22ç800
5ç700
2ç364
3336
nil
ysrf;rQOD;ydkifajr,mt&G,ftpm;
({u^tdrfaxmifpk)
trsm;qHk;OD;ydkifajr,m
tenf;qHk;OD;ydkifajr,m
yQrf;rQpdkufysKd;uGuft&G,ftpm;({u)
trsm;qHk;pdkufysKd;uGuft&G,ftpm;
5
10
1.5
0.75
1.25
0.25
4
6
2
0.875
1.5
0.25
2.5
20
1.5
0.5
0.85
0.25
3
6
2
0.25
.5
.2
tenf;qHk;pdkufysKd;uGuft&G,ftpm;
awmifolrsm;odkY ajr,mtoHk;jyKcGifh
vufrSwfxkwfay;onfhyrmP&mcdkif
EIef;
93.38%
100%
90%
90%
oD;ESHpdkufysKd;{&d,m ({u)
rdk;pyg;
aEGpyg;
tjcm;oDESH
t"dpdkufysKd;oD;ESHxGufEIef;
rdk;pyg; (wif^{u)
aEGpyg; (wif^{u)
16ç032
5ç000
11ç032
100
115
5ç900
1ç185
1ç000
80
90
23ç467
20ç670
150
80
85
5755
1000
560
80
120
aemufqufwGJ (2)(u) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'orsm;&Sd vtvdkufyQrf;rQ
rdk;&GmoGef;rIqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;
v
qifao ajrmuf,rm; qGmacsmif; rvdewfawmif
aejynfawmf rHk&Gm awmifil jyifOD;vGif
(inches) (inches) (inches) (inches)
Zefe0g&D 0.17 0.08 0.23 0.02
azazmf0g&D 0.18 0.2 0.06 0.28
rwf 0.24 0.12 0.17 0.36
{NyD 1.39 0.98 1.27 2.25
ar 6.69 4.02 9.67 7.68
ZGef 8.19 4.21 14.34 5.13
Zlvdkif 8.76 2.87 18.11 6.14
Mo*kwf 8.35 5.04 18.75 6
pufwifbm 6.24 6.34 10.3 8.24
atmufwdkbm 4.89 5.59 6.39 6.14
Edk0ifbm 1.02 1.69 1.61 2.37
'DZifbm 1.53 0.24 0.16 0.47
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme (2014)? tqdkjyKpDrHudef; {&d,mrsm;&Sd
qnfESifhqnfajrmif;pepfrsm;tpD&ifcHpm?v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;ESifhqnfajrmif;0ef
BuD;Xme?qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerSyHhydk;onfhtcsuftvufrsm;?aejynfawmf(jrefrm
EdkifiHtwGif;)
aemufqufwGJ (2) (c) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;&Sd vtvdkuf
ysrf;rQrdk;&GmoGef;rIazmfjyonfh um;csyf
0
5
10
15
20
inch
es
vtvdkufysrf;rQrdk;&GmoGef;rI
NayPyiTaw
Monywa
Taungo
PyinOoLwin
0
5
10
15
20
inch
es
vtvdkufysrf;rQrdk;&GmoGef;rI
NayPyiTaw
Monywa
Taungo
PyinOoLwin
aemufqufwGJ (2) (*) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'o½Sd ysrf;rQtylcsdefqdkif&m
tcsuftvufrsm;
vtrnf
qifao ajrmuf,rm; qGmacsmif; rvdewfawmif
aejynfawmf rHk&Gm awmifil jyifOD;vGif
(Centigrade) (Centigrade) (Centigrade) (Centigrade)
Zefe0g&D 25.32 20.9 23.6 10
azazmf0g&D 26.11 23.1 25.9 17
rwf 28.38 27.1 28.2 21
{NyD 30.33 30.7 31.6 23
ar 29.83 31.4 29.9 23
ZGef 29.79 28.3 27.3 23
Zlvdkif 27.82 30.2 27.1 22
Mo*kwf 28.99 29.6 27.9 22
pufwifbm 29.55 29.2 23.5 21
atmufwdkbm 28.29 27.8 27.9 21
Edk0ifbm 27.86 24.7 26 18
'DZifbm 25.45 21.2 22.5 15
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme (2014)? tqdkjyKpDrHudef;a'orsm;½Sd
qnfESihfqnfajrmif;pepfrsm;tpD&ifcHpm?v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESihfqnfajrmif;0ef
BuD;Xme? qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerSyHhydk;onhf tcsuftvufrsm;? aejynfawmif
(jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;)
aemufqufwGJ (2) (C) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'orsm;½Sd
vtvdkufysrf;rQtylcsdefazmfjyonhf um;csyf
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
cen
tigr
ade
vtvdkufysrf;rQtylcsdef
NayPyiTaw
Monywa
Taungo
PyinOoLwin
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
cen
tigr
ade
vtvdkufysrf;rQtylcsdef
NayPyiTaw
Monywa
Taungo
PyinOoLwin
aemufqufwGJ (2) (i) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'orsm;\
ysrf;rQpdkxdkif;qqdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;
vtrnf
qifao ajrmuf,rm; qGmacsmif; rvdewfawmif
aejynfawmf rHk&Gm awmifil jyifOD;vGif
(Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage)
Zefe0g&D 51 67 67.3 75
azazmf0g&D 47 58 58.2 67
rwf 52 49 54.8 58
{NyD 50 51 57 62
ar 52 67 75.4 78
ZGef 54 70 87.3 81
Zlvdkif 56 70 89.8 84
Mo*kwf 57 73 89.4 86
pufwifbm 56 79 85.8 83
atmufwdkbm 55 80 81.4 83
Edk0ifbm 55 74 75.9 82
'DZifbm 50 72 71.6 83
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme (2014)? tqdkjyKpDrHudef; {&d,mrsm;½Sd
qnfESihf qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;? tpD&ifcHpm? v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&; ESihf
qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme? qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS yHhydk;onhftcsuftvufrsm;?
aejynfawmf (jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;)
aemufqufwGJ (2) (p) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;½Sd
ysrf;rQpdkxdkif;qazmfjyonhfum;csyf
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pe
rce
nta
ge
pdkxdkif;q
NayPyiTaw
Monywa
Taungo
PyinOoLwin
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pe
rce
nta
ge
pdkxdkif;q
NayPyiTaw
Monywa
Taungo
PyinOoLwin
aemufqufwGJ (3) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'orsm;½Sd a&oHk;pGJrIEdIif;,SOfcsuf
aemufqufwGJ (3) (u) – pyg;pdkufysdK;jcif;twGuf {u-aytvdkuf
a&oHk;pGJrI
ckESpf qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;
qifao ajrmuf,rm; qGmacsmif; rvdewfawmif
2008 3.6 4.8 5.0 7.3
2009 3.2 4.6 4.7 5.9
2010 - 3.4 3.5 6.8
2011 1.7 4.9 3.9 8.7
2012 1.5 6.0 5.1 11.7
2013 4.0 2.7 6.0 5.4
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme (2014)? tqdkjyKpDrHudef;{&d,m½Sd
qnfESihfqnfajrmif;pepfrsm;tpD&ifcHpm?v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESihfqnfajrmif;0ef
BuD;Xme? qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS yHhydk;onhf tcsuftvufrsm;? aejynfawmf
(jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;)
aemufqufwGJ (3) (c) – pyg;pdkufysdK;jcif;twGuf ({u-ay)
a&oHk;pGJrIazmfjyonhfum;csyf
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Acr
e f
t
pdkufysdK;onhf (pyg;){utvdkuf a&oHk;pGJrI
Sinthe
North Yamar
Swa Chaung
Male Nattaung
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Acr
e f
t
pdkufysdK;onhf (pyg;){utvdkuf a&oHk;pGJrI
Sinthe
North Yamar
Swa Chaung
Male Nattaung
aemufqufwGJ (4) (u) – avhvmcJhonhfowfrSwf{&d,mrsm;twGif;
ajr,mtoHk;jyKrIESihfajr,m zGJUpnf;yg0ifrI tajymif;tvJrsm; azmfjyonhfajryHk
qifaoqnf{&d,m\
ajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrI
tajymif;tvJ
ajrmuf,rm;qnf{&d,m
\ajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrI
tajymif;tvJ
t&if;tjrpf – Eco Dev (2014)&½Sdonhf remote sensing
tcsuftvufrsm;tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;owfrSwf{&d,mrsm;twGif;
ajr,mtoHk;jyKrIESihfajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJrsm;avhvmqef; ppfjcif;?
&efukef
qifaoqnf{&d,m\aj
r,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrI
tajymif;tvJ
qGmacsmif;qnf{&d,m\
ajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrI tajymif;tvJ
t&if;tjrpf – Eco Dev(2014)? &½Sdonhf remote sensing tcsuf tvuf
rsm;tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;owfrSwf{&d,mrsm;twGif;ajr,mtoHk;
jyKrIESihfajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;? &efukef/
rvdewfawmifqnf{&d
,m\ajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0if
rI tajymif;tvJ
aemufqufwGJ (4) (c)- avhvmcJhonfh{&d,mrsm;½Sd ajr,mtoHk;jyKrI?
ajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrItajymif; tvJ rufx&pfZ,m;
qifaoqnfowfrSwf{&d,m (1990 ckESpfESihf 2013 ckESpf EdIif;,SOfcsuf)
t&if;tjrpf – Eco Dev(2014)-&½Sdonhf remote sensingtcsuftvufrsm;tay:
tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;owfrSwf{&d,mrsm;twGif; ajr,mtoHk;jyKrIESihf
ajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrI tajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;? &efukef/
ajrmuf,rm;qnfowfrSwf{&d,m (2000 ckESpfESihf 2013 ckESpf
EdIif;,SOfcsuf)
t&if;tjrpf – Eco Dev(2014) - &½Sdonhf remote sensing
tcsuftvufrsm;tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;owfrSwf{&d,mrsm;twGif;
ajr,mtoHk;jyKrIESihfajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;?
&efukef/
qGmacsmif;qnfowfrSwf{&d,m (2000 ckESpfESihf 2013 ckESpf EdIif;,SOfcsuf)
t&if;tjrpf – Eco Dev(2014) - &½Sdonhf remote sensing tcsuf tvuf rsm;
tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;owfrSwf{&d,mrsm;twGif;ajr,mtoHk;jyKrI
ESihf ajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrI tajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;? &efukef/
rvdewfawmifqnfowfrSwf{&d,m (2002 ckESpfESihf 2010 ckESpf
EdIif;,SOfcsuf)
t&if;tjrpf – Eco Dev(2014) - &½Sdonhf remote sensing
tcsuftvufrsm;tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;owfrSwf{&d,mrsm;twGif;
ajr,mtoHk;jyKrIESihfajr,mzGJUpnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;?
&efukef
aemufqufwGJ (5) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'orsm;rS pkaqmif;&½Sdonhf a&erlemrsm;twGuf
a&t&nftaoG; prf;oyfrI&v'frsm;
wdkif;wmonhf
vu©Pm&yfrsm;
qifao ajrmuf,rm; qGmacsmif; rvdewfawmif pHowfrSwfcsuf
wnfae&m
(1)
wmwrHrS
a&
wnfae&m
(2)
qnfrSa&
wnfae&m
(3)
0Jbuf
wl;ajrmif;
trSwf(1)
wyfukef;
teD;
wnfae&m
(1)
yifr
wl;ajrmif;
rS
a&
wnfae&m
(1)
qnfrS
a&
wnfae&m
(2)
-------------
(trwfBuD;
ukef;aus;&Gm)
wnfae&m
(3)
-------------
(a&wm½Snf
teD;)
wnfae&m
(1)
vufyHvS
aus;&Gm
wl;ajrmif;
wnfae&m
(2)
qnfrS
a&
wnfae&m
(3)
qnfrS
(pmrsufESm
wGifMunfh&ef)
wnfae&m
(4)
qnfrS
(pmrsufESm
wGifMunfh&ef)am
aomufa& qnfajrmif;
1 pH 7.8 8.7* 8.4 7.9 8.2 8.1 6.6 8.3 7.8 8.5 7.7
6.5 –
8.5a
6.5 -
8.4f
2
Turbidity
(FAU) < 5 < 5 7 < 5 < 5 < 5 <5 < 5 < 5 94* <5 <10 FAUd -
3
Hardness
(mg/L) 140* 140* 58.5 150* 100* 100* 31.5 110* 180* 31.5 72* <60 mg/Lc -
Carbonate
(me/L) 3.5* 3.5* 1.46 3.75* 2.5* 2.5* 0.79 2.75* 4.5* 0.79 1.8* - <1.5 me/Lf
4 Arsenic (ppb) < 4 < 4 - < 4 < 4 < 4 - 140* 120* - - <10 ppba -
5
Aluminum
(mg/L) 0.02 0.02 <0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 <0.01 0.02 0.03 <0.01 0.02
<0.2 mg/La -
6
Potassium
(mg/L) 9.2 11 49* 2.8 2.6 2.0 35* 2.3 1.6 22* 22* <20 mg/Lc -
wdkif;wmonhf
vu©Pm&yfrsm;
qifao ajrmuf,rm; qGmacsmif; rvdewfawmif pHowfrSwfcsuf
wnfae&m
(1)
wmwrHrS
a&
wnfae&m
(2)
qnfrSa&
wnfae&m
(3)
0Jbuf
wl;ajrmif;
trSwf(1)
wyfukef;
teD;
wnfae&m
(1)
yifr
wl;ajrmif;
rS
a&
wnfae&m
(1)
qnfrS
a&
wnfae&m
(2)
-------------
(trwfBuD;
ukef;aus;&Gm)
wnfae&m
(3)
-------------
(a&wm½Snf
teD;)
wnfae&m
(1)
vufyHvS
aus;&Gm
wl;ajrmif;
wnfae&m
(2)
qnfrS
a&
wnfae&m
(3)
qnfrS
(pmrsufESm
wGifMunfh&ef)
wnfae&m
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qnfrS
(pmrsufESm
wGifMunfh&ef)am
aomufa& qnfajrmif;
7 Iron (mg/L) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.36* <0.1 <0.2
mg/Lb -
8
Chloride
(me/L) 0.20 0.41 2.51 0.61 0.20 0.51 0.46 0.61 0.61 1.14 0.46 - <4 me/Lf
9 Nitrite (mg/L) < 0.01 < 0.01 - < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 - < 0.01 < 0.01 - - <0.5
mg/Lb -
10 Zinc (mg/L) < 0.02 < 0.02 - 0.09 < 0.02 < 0.02 - 0.19 0.15 - - < 3 mg/La -
t&if;tjrpf – Eco Lab (2014) rS "gwfcGJcef;avhvmqef;ppfcsuf tpD&ifcHpmrS
Note: Figures with asterisk show the above limit situation comparing to the respected standard limit
(u) aomufoHk;a&twGuf WHO rS pHowfrSwfcsuf (1993)
(c) aomufoHk;a&twGuf EU rS pHowfrSwfcsuf
(*) tjcm;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
(C) USGS a&t&nftaoG;owif;tcsuftvuf
(i) Michigan a&t&nftaoG;pHowfrSwfcsuf (pnf;rsOf; 64)
(p) FAO (1995) guidelines for interpretation of water quality fr irrigation, FAO irrigation and drainage paper 53, Rome
aemufqufwGJ6(u)–
jrefrmEkdifiH½SdurÇmhrsdK;wkef;aysmufuG,fvk½Sm;yg;rsdK;pdwfrsm;(wGm;oGm;owå0grsm;)
No Common name Scientific name Status
1 Four-toed Terrapin Batagur baska Critically Endangered
2 Leatherback Dermochelys coriacea Critically Endangered
3 Burmese Starred Tortoise Geochelone platynota Critically Endangered
4 Arakan Forest Turtle Heosemys depressa Critically Endangered
5 Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Critically Endangered
6 Gharial Gavialis gangeticus Critically Endangered
7 Burmese Peacock Softshell Nilssonia formosa Endangered
8 Frog-faced Softshell Turtle Pelochelys cantorii Endangered
9 Big-headed Turtle 10 Platysternon Endangered
10 Enhydris vorisi Endangered
11 Yellow-headed Tortoise Indotestudo elongata Endangered
12 Burmese Roofed Turtle Batagur trivittata Endangered
13 Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Endangered
14 Burmese Mountain Tortoise Manouria emys Endangered
15 Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Chitra indica Endangered
16 Jagged-shelled Turtle Cuora mouhotii Endangered
17 Bengal Eyed Terrapin Morenia ocellata Vulnerable
18 King Cobra Ophiophagus hannah Vulnerable
19 Impressed Tortoise Manouria impressa Vulnerable
20 Southeast Asian Softshell Turtle Amyda cartilaginea Vulnerable
21 Siebenrockiella crassicollis Vulnerable
22 Olive Ridley Lepidochelys olivacea Vulnerable
23 Southeast Asian Box Turtle Cuora amboinensis Vulnerable
24 Giant Asian Pond Turtle Heosemys grandis Vulnerable
Source: Forest Department (2011), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Myanmar; Ministry of
Environmental Conservation and Forestry, The Republic of The Union of Myanmar, Nay Pyi Daw
aemufqufwGJ6(c)-jrefrmEkdifiH½SdurÇmhrsdK;wkef;aysmufuGufvk½Sm;yg;
rsdK;pdwfrsm; (iSufzsm;)
No Common name Scientific name Status
1 White-bellied Heron Ardea insignis Critically Endangered
2 Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus Critically Endangered
3 Pink-headed Duck Rhodonessa caryophyllacea Critically Endangered
4 Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus Critically Endangered
5 Baer’s Pochard Aythya baeri Endangered
6 White-winged Duck Cairina scutulata Endangered
7 Masked Fin foot Heliopais personatus Endangered
8 Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius Endangered
9 Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus Endangered
10 Green Peafowl Pavo muticus Endangered
11 Gurney’ s Pitta Pitta gurneyi Endangered
12 White-browed Nuthatch Sitta victoriae Endangered
13 Spotted Greenshank Tringa guttifer Endangered
14 Rufous-necked Hornbill Aceros nipalensis Vulnerable
15 Plain-pouched Hornbill Aceros subruficolli Vulnerable
16 Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga Vulnerable
17 Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila hastata Vulnerable
18 Pale-capped Pigeon Columba punicea Vulnerable
19 Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola Vulnerable
20 Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni Vulnerable
21 Sarus Crane Grus antigone Vulnerable
22 Pallas’s Fish-eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus Vulnerable
23 Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus Vulnerable
24 Sclater’ s Monal Lophophorus sclateri Vulnerable
25 Nicobar Megapode Megapodius nicobariensis Vulnerable
26 Wallace’ s Hawk-eagle Nisaetus nanus Vulnerable
27 Great Bustard Otis tarda Vulnerable
28 White-fronted Scops-owl Otus sagittatus Vulnerable
29 Straw-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus zeylanicus Vulnerable
30 Indian Skimmer Rynchops albicollis Vulnerable
31 Beautiful Nuthatch Sitta formosa Vulnerable
32 Giant Nuthatch Sitta magna Vulnerable
33 Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus Vulnerable
34 Blyth’s Tragopan Tragopan blythii Vulnerable
35 Large Green-pigeon Treron capellei Vulnerable
36 Grey-sided Thrush Turdus feae Vulnerable
Source: Forest Department(2011), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Myanmar; Forest
Department, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, The Republic of The Union of
Myanmar, Nay Pyi Daw.
yl;wGJ – 7 ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;trsm;jynfoltBuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGJrSwfwrf;rsm;