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VETRI EADUCTION DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE – 2015 -16

rhjidahsh; gpwg;gjpy;iy ! cUthf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs; !! WWW.padasalai.net

VETRI TUITION & TUTORIAL THIMMANAICKEN PATTY(PO) RASIPURAM(TK) NAMAKKAL(Dt) pin 636202 Prepard by R.SARAVANAN.M,COM,BA(ENGLISH)B,Ed…)cell 9786364848 7373964848

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ntw;wp ba+rd; nrd;lh;;

10th kw;Wk; 12th nghJj;Njh;T tpdh – tpil rpwg;G topfhl;b 2015 -16

njhFg;G

,uh.rutzd;.M.Com, B.A,

jpk;kehaf;fd;;gl;b.(po) uhrpuGk;. (tk) ehkf;fy(dt)

cell: 97 86 36 48 48 73 73 96 48 48




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1.ifjhd; nefpotpNld;| - ,jpy; nefpo vd;gJ ----------- vd;Dk; nghUspy; te;Js;sJ.jsu

2. jpUf;Fwisg;Nghw;wpg; ghLk; E}y ------------------------- tpil: jpUts;Stkhiy

3. jpUf;Fws; ------------------------- ntz;ghf;fshy; Md E}yhFk;. tpil: Fws;

4. ,izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F ,e;epyj;Nj vdg;ghbatu ------------------------- tpil: ghujpjhrd;

5. ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhy; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk| vdg; ghbatu; ------------- ghujpjhrd;.

6. irt rkaf; Futu ------------------------- Ngu;. tpil: ehd;F

7. irtj; jpUKiwfs ------------------------- tpil: gd;dpuz;L

8. Vyhjp ------------------------- E}y;fSs; xd;W. tpil: gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F

9. fzpNkjhtpahupd; fhyk ------------------------- tpil: filr;rq;ffhyk;

10. kUe;Jg; nghUs;fshy; mikag;ngw;w ,UEhy;fs ----------------- tpil: jpupfLfk;> Vyhjp.

11. ,sq;Nfhtbfs ------------------------- ehl;ilr; Nru;e;jth;. tpil: Nru

12. neQ;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghbath ------------------------- tpil:. ghujpahu;

13. ciuapilapl;l ghl;Lilr; nra;As; vd;gJ ------------------------- tpil: rpyg;gjpfhuk;

14. fz;zfpapd; fhw;rpyk;gpy; cs;s guy;fs; ------------------------- tpil: khzpf;fk;

15. FLk;g tpsf;F ------------------------- gilj;j FWq;fhtpaq;fspy; xd;W. tpil: ghujpjhrd;

16. ghujpjhrdhu; ------------------------- vd miof;fg;gLfpwhu; tpil: Gul;rpf;ftpQh;

17. MW fhz;lq;fisf; nfhz;lE}y ------------------------- tpil: fk;guhkhazk;

18;. ruRtjp me;jhjp -------------------------,aw;wpa E}y;fspy; xd;W. tpil: fk;gu;

19. fk;giug; Gue;jtu -------------------------; tpil: rilag;g ts;sy;

20. jkpOf;Ff; fjp vdg;gLtJ------------------------tpil: fk;guhkhazk;> jpUf;Fws;

21.ey; vd;Dk; milnkhop ngw;w Ehy------------------------ tpil: ew;wpiz.

22. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jth_;------------------------. tpil: gd;dhLje;j khwd;tOjp

23. ew;wpiz------------------------ E}y;fisr; rhu;e;jJ. tpil: vl;Lj;njhif

24. Nrf;fpohh; ngUkhd; mUspaJ------------------------; tpil: ngupaGuhzk;

25.jk; t{l;bYs;s midj;Jg;nghUs;fSf;Fk; jpUehTf;furu; vdg;ngah; itj;jth_; -----------mg;G+jpabfshh;

26. NjrKa;a te;jtiuj; jpUtKJ nra;tpf;Fk; NerKw tpz;zg;gk; nramtUk; mJNeu;e;jhu; - ,g;ghly; mbfspy; mike;j njhil tpil: vJif

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf. -tpdh vz;. 1 Kjy; 6 tiu




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27.gf;jpr; Ritedp nrhl;lr; nrhl;lg; ghba ftptyt vdg;ghbatu; ----------kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;

28. cyfk;> capu;> flTs; Mfpa %d;iwAk; xUq;Nf fhl;Lk; fhtpak; -------- ngupaGuhzk;

29. jpwdwpe;J Njh;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;batu------------------------tpil: %j;j mwpTilahu;

30. mhpatw;Ws; vy;yhk; mupJ------------------------Ngzpj; jkuhf;nfhsy;; tpil: ngupahu;

31. Kjypyhu;f;F ------------------------,y;iy. tpil: Cjpak;

32. jpUehTf;furh; fhyk_; ------------------------Mk; Ehw;whz;L. . tpil: fp.gp.7.

33. “ehkhu;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk;” vd;Dk; ghly; ------------------------ „mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy‟ vdg; ghlj; J}z;baJ. tpil: ghujpahiu

34. rPwhg;Guhzk; ------------------------fhz;lq;fisAilaJ. tpil : %d;W

35. Nfoy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ------------------------ tpil : gd;wp

36. fypj;njhif ------------------------ E}y;fspy; xd;W.tpil : vl;Lj;njhif

37. nea;jy; fypiag; ghbatu; ------------------------; tpil : ey;ye;Jtdhu;

38. Nghw;whiug; nghWj;jy; vd;gJ ------------------------ vdg;gLk;.tpil : nghiw

39. ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; ------------------------ tifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspy; xd;W.tpil : 96

40. giz vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ------------------------tpil : %q;fpy;

41. ngUkhs; jpUnkhopapy; ------------------------- ghRuq;fs; cs;sd. tpil : E}w;iwe;J

42. FyNrfuho;thu; ghly; ----------------------------njhFg;gpy; cs;sJ. tpil : Kjyhapuk;

1.gjpdhW nrt;tpay; jd;ikfisf; nfhz;lJ nrk;nkhop vdf; $wpatu; -------------ghthzu;

2) ,d;iwa kJiuapy; ---------------------jkpo;r;rq;fk; ,Ue;jJ.; tpil:%d;whk;

3) murpd; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ngz;fs; gzpahw;Wk; NghJ ek; rKjhaj;jpy; jiyfPo; Gul;rp Vw;gLk; vd;wtu; ; tpil:ngupahu;

4) ngz; mbik Mdjw;F cupa fhuzq;fSs; xd;W----------------,y;yhik.tpil:nrhj;Jupik

5. Kk;igapy; mk;Ngj;fh; rpwpJ fhyk;----------- Nguhrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh; nghUspay;

6. mk;Ngj;fUf;F ,e;jpa muR toq;fpa tpUJ ---------------------tpil: ghujuj;dh

7. Ez;zpa E}y;gy fw;wth;f;Nf mike;j mupafiy ---------------------tpil : Ngr;Rf;fiy

8. Nkilg; Ngr;rpy; kf;fis <h;j;jth; ---------------------tpil: NguwpQh; mz;zh

9. gz;nzhL jkpnohg;gha; vdj;njhlq;Fk; ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y;-------tpil : Njthuk;

10. cyfk; vd;w jkpo;r;nrhy; -----------------vd;w nrhy;ypd; mbahfg; gpwe;jJ. cyT

ciueil rhpahd tpiliaj; Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf.




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11. jkpoh;fs; epyj;ij -----------------tifahfg; gpupj;Jf;fhl;bapUf;fpwhh;fs;tpil : Ie;J

12. cWkplj; Jjth ctu;epyk;| vd;Dk; tupfs; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; tpil: GwehD}W

13. Gy;yhfpg; G+lha;| vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; ,lk;ngw;w E}y;tpil: jpUthrfk;

14. fhe;jpabfs; ---------------------ehlfj;ijg; ghh;j;J cz;ikNa Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;W cWjp

G+z;lhh; tpil: mhpr;re;jpud;

15. giftdplKk; md;Gfhl;L vdf; $wpa E}y; ---------------------tpil : iggps;

16. mwnewpahfg; Nghw;wg;gl Ntz;bait ---------------------;tpil : vspik> rpf;fdk;

17. cynfyhk; czh;e;J Xjw;fhpatd; vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; ---------------------tpil : nghpaGuhzk;

18. ts;syhhpd; ,aw;ngah; ---------------------tpil : ,uhkypq;fh;

19. ngUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mbg;gilj; jFjp -----------------tpil : gd;dpnuz;lhk; tFg;G

20. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; vd;Dk; ghlypd; Mrpupah; -------------tpil : jhuhghujp

1. khzpf;f thrfh; gpwe;j Ch; ----------------tpil :jpUthjT+h;

2. khzpf;fthrfh; ghly;fs----------------jpUKiwapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. tpil : vl;lhk;

3. khzpf;f thrfh; fl;ba Nfhapy; ----------------cs;sJ. tpil : jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy;

4. khzpf;f thrfh; ----------------kd;dhplk; jiyikaikr;ruhfg; gzpahw;wpath;

tpil : mhpkh;j;jd ghz;ba

5. Ip.A. Nghg; jpUthrfj;ij----------------nkhopapy; nkhopngah;j;jhh;. tpil :Mq;fpy

6. jpUthrfjj; pwF; cUfhh_; ----------------cUfhh;. tpil : xU thrfj;jpw;Fk;

7. mOJ mbailej; md;gh; vdg;gLgth;----------------tpil : khzpf;fthrfh;

8. jpUf;Fwspy_;------------mjpfhuq;fSk; ----------- Fwl;ghf;fSk; cs;sd. tpil : (133, 1330)

9. jpUf;Fws; ----------------Kjyhd cyf nkhopfspy; nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tpil : Mq;fpyk;>fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd;

10. xOf;fj;jpd; va;Jth; ----------,Of;fj;jpd; va;Jth; --------------gop.tpil : Nkd;ik, va;jhg;

11.jpUf;Fws; ----------------E}y;fSs; xd;W tpil : gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F

12. ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; vd;gd rpyg;gjpfhuKk; ----------------MFk;. tpil: kzpNkfiyAk;

13. rpyg;gjpfhuk;, kzpNkfiy----------------tisahgjp> ----------------vd;gd

Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fs; MFk;. tpil : rPtfrpe;jhkzp, Fz;lyNfrp

Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf - tpdh vz;. 7 Kjy; 12 tiu - nra;As;




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14. Njuh kd;dd; ---------------- tpil : ghz;bad;

15. Gs;SW Gd;fz; jhPj;Njhd_;----------------tpil : rpgpr;rf;futh;j;jp

16. mUk; ngwy; Gjy;tid Mopap;d; kbj;Njhd---------------- tpil : kDePjpr;Nrhod;

17. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; fhz;lk; ---------------->fhij---------------- tpil : 3>30;

18. fk;gh; gpwe;j Ch; ---------------- tpil : NjuOe;J}h;

19. fk;giu Mjhpj;j ts;sy; ---------------- tpil : rilag;gts;sy;

20. fk;gh; jhk; ,aw;wpa E}Yf;F ----------------_vdg;ngahpl;lhh;. tpil : ,uhktjhuk;

21. ed;wpiz xd;gjbr; rpw;nwy;iyAk; ----------------Ngnuy;iyAk; nfhz;l E}y;.

tpil : gd;dpuz;L mbg;

22. mhp vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ---------------- tpil : new;fjph;

23. Nrf;fpohhpd; ,aw;ngah----------------tpil : mUz;nkhopj;Njth;

24. cj;jk Nrhog; gy;yth; vd;wiof;fg;gLgth; ---------------- tpil : Nrf;fpohh;

25. jdpabahh; ----------------njhifabahh; ---------------- Mth;. tpil : 63 Ngh;, 9 Ngh;

26. Nghypg; Gyth;fisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgth; ---------------- tpil: gps;isg; ghz;bad;

27. Nghypg; Gyth;fspd; jiyia ntl;Lgth; ----------------tpil : Xl;lf;$j;jd;

28. Nghypg; Gyth;fspd; fhjpy; JwL khl;b mWg;gth; ---------------- tpil : tpy;ypGj;J}uhh;

29. kdk;> Gj;jp> rpj;jk;> ---------------- vd;gd ehw;fuzq;fs;. tpil: mfq;fhuk;

30. ,bg;ghiu ,y;yhj ----------------kd;dd; nfLg;ghu; ,yhDq; nfLk;. tpil: Vkuh

31. ,y;yhiu ---------------- vs;Sth; tpil : vy;yhUk;

32. mwdPDk; ,d;gKk; <Dk; ----------------jPjpd;wp te;jnghUs; tpil : jpwdwpe;J

33. jpUehTf;furhpd; jkf;ifahh; ----------------Mthh; tpil : jpyftjpahh;

34. jpUehTf;furh; mUspa ghly;fs; ---------------- vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. tpil : Njthuk;

35. jpUehTf;furupd; ,aw;ngah_; ---------------- tpil : kUzPf;fpahh;

36. rPwhg;Guhzj;ij ,aw;wpah; ---------------- tpil : ckWg; Gyth;

37. ckWg ; Gytiu Mjhpjj; tss;y;----------------tpil : rPjf;fhjp

38. jhh; Nte;jd; Nfhy; Nehf;fp thOk; ----------------Nghd;wpUe;NjNd. tpil : Fb

39. ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpy----------------FyNrfuh; ghbajhFk; .tpil :jpUtha; nkhop

1. jkpou; kdpj tho;it------------------ --------------vdg;gpupj;jdu; tpil: mfk;>Gwk;

2. Fkupf; fz;lj;jpy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; kdpjd; Ngrpa nkhop----------------tpil: jkpo;

ciueil Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:




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3. 2004Mk; Mz;L ----------------jpq;fspy; jkpo; nkhopiar; nrk;nkhopahf eLtzuR mwptpj;jJ. tpil: mf;Nlhgu;

4. jkpo; kpfTk; gz;gl;l nkhopnadf; $wpa nkhopapay; mwpQu_; ----------------Mthu;

tpil: khf;RKy;yu;.

5. jkpou;fsplk; ,d;W gutpAs;s ----------------xd;W cz;L. tpil: ngUNeha;

6. ngupahu; r%f ----------vjpu;j;jtu;.%lf; fUj;Jf;fis--------tpil: Kuz;fis> Kl;lWj;jtu;

7. ntWk; Ngr;Rf;Fk; ----------------Ngr;Rf;Fk; NtWghL cz;L. tpil: Nkilg;

8. Ngr;R Kbtpy; ----------------$wpf; fUj;ij epiyehl;b Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpil:RUf;fj;ijf;

9. ebg;ghw;wy; kpf;ftiuAk; ebg;igf; fw;Wj; jUgtiuAk; -------vd miog;gu;,af;Feu;

10. glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpia----------------nghUj;JtJk; cz;L. tpil: efu;j;Jk; tz;bapy;.

11. fUj;Jg;glk; mikf;fj; njhlq;fpatu; ---------------- tpil: thy;l; b];dp

12. ,aq;FUg; glq;fs; ghu;g;gjw;F ----------------,Uf;Fk;. tpil: Ntbf;ifahf

13. ,ny%upahit ----------------vd;gu;. tpil: kdpj ehfupfj;njhl;by;

14. jdf;Ftikapy;yh xU----------------jkpo;,dk;. tpil: jdp,dk;

15. midj;ijAk; ,og;gpDk; cz;ikia ,of;fpNyd; vdf; $wpatu; ----------mupr;re;jpud;.

16. jpUf;Fwis nkhop ngau;j;j cUrpa mwpQu---------------- tpil: jhy;Rjha;

17. ,uhkypq;fu; rj;jpa jUkrhiyia epWtpa ,lk_; ----------------tpil: tlY}u;

18. ,uhkypq;fu;>jkpo;nkhopNa---------------- jUk; vd;W fUjpdhh; tpil: ,wthj epiy

19. rq;f fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; ----------------fle;J nry;yf;$lhJ. tpil: fly;

20. ehs;NjhWk;fy;tpapy_;----------------cz;lhfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. tpil: GJg;GJj;Jiwfs;

21.fhtyu;>,uhZtk; Nghd;w gzpfSf;F clw;$W Nju;Tk;-------Nju;Tk; cz;L. vOj;J

VETRI EADUCTION DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE

Managing Director R.SARAVANAN M,com,. BA(B.Ed) 9786364848 – 7373964848 nghUj;Jf. - tpdh vz; 13 Kjy; 16 tiu




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01) nrhy; - nghUs; 1. tpiu - m. cly; 2 foy; - M. ngUfp 3. jJk;gp - ,. kzk; 4. nka; - <. mzpfyd; tpil:1-,> 2-<> 3-M> 4-m> gphpT mjpfhuq;fs; 02 1. mwj;Jg;ghy; - m. 25 mjpfhuq;fs; 2. nghUl;ghy; - M. 38 mjpfhuq;fs; 3. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; - ,. 70 mjpfhuq;fs; - < 50 mjpfhuq;fs; tpil:1-M> 2-,> 3-m> 03 fhz;lk; fhijfs; 1. Gfhu;f; fhz;lk; - m. 13 fhijfs; 2. kJiuf; fhz;lk; - M. 7 fhijfs; 3. tQ;rpf; fhz;lk; - ,. 10 fhijfs; tpil:1-,> 2-m> 3-M> 04. nrhy; nghUs; 1. ,lu; - m. epyT 2. ehtha; - M. Jd;gk; 3. ,iw - ,. glF 4. ,e;J - <. jiytd; tpil:1-M> 2-,> 3-<> 4.m>

05 1. nrW - m. gidNahiyg;ngl;b 2. tpj;J - M. GJtUtha; 3. ahzu; - ,. tpij 4. tl;b - <. tay; tpil:1-<> 2-,> 3-M> 4.m> 06 1. Nkjp - m. rptd; 2. re;jk; - M. vUik 3. Nfhjpy; - ,. moF 4. mq;fdu; - <. Fw;wkpy;yhj tpil:1-M> 2-,> 3-<> 4.m> 07 1. fhd; - m. fub 2. cOit - M. rpq;fk; 3. klq;fy; - ,. Gyp 4. vz;F - <. fhL tpil:1-<> 2-,> 3-M> 4.m> 08 1. gz;G - m. $wpaJ kwh mik 2. md;G - M. Ngijahu; nrhy; Nehd;wy; 3. mwpT - ,. jd;fpis nrwh mik 4. nrwpT - <. ghlwpe;J xOfy; tpil:1-<> 2-,> 3-M> 4.m>

tpilfSf;F Vw;w tpdh vOJf - tpdh vz;. 17 Kjy; 20 tiu

1.ngz;fs; cupik ngw;Wg; GJ cyifg; gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpatu; ngupahu;.

ngz;fs; cupik ngw;Wg; GJ cyifg; gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpatu; ahu;?

2. ngz;Zupikf;F CW tpistpf;Fk; gioa ek;gpf;iffis Vw;f kWj;jhu;.

ngupahu; vij Vw;f kWj;jhu;?

3. nra;jpg;glq;fs; thapyhf epfo;Tfis ek; ,Ug;gplj;jpNyNa fz;L fspf;fyhk;.

vtw;wpd; thapyhf epfo;Tfis ek; ,Ug;gplj;jpNyNa fz;L fspf;fyhk;?

4. jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l xsp xypg; glf;fUtp gad;gLfpwJ.

jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l vf;fUtp gad;gLfpwJ?

5. jkpou;fs; muG ehl;LlDk;, atd ehl;LlDk; thzpfj;njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;

jkpou;fs; ve;nje;j ehLfSld; thzpfj;njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jdu;?

6.fhe;jpabfs;, gyNfhb kf;fspd; gl;bdpiag; Nghf;Fk; tho;thjhuk; fjh; vd;W fUjpdhh;

gyNfhb kf;fspd; gl;bdpiag; Nghf;Fk; tho;thjhuk; fju; vd;W fUjpatu; ahu;?

7. ,isQu;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; ehl;Lg;gw;Wk;> nkhopg;gw;Wk;> nja;tg;gw;Wk; tsUk;

tifapy; fy;tp mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. fy;tp vt;thW mikjy; Ntz;Lk;?




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8. ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk; ngw;wth;fs;> ,sq;fiyf; fy;tpapay; gl;lk; ngw;wpUe;jhy;

gl;ljhhp Mrphpah; gzpapy; Nruyhk;. gl;ljhhp Mrphpah; gzpapy; Nruj; jFjp vd;d?

9. njhopy;El;gg; gapyfj;jpy; gapy;Nthh;f;F epiwa Ntiy tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd

vj;Jiwapy; gapy;Nthh;f;F epiwa Ntiytha;g;Gfs; cs;sd?

10. vy;yh kdpju;fisAk; xNu khjpup elj;JtNj rkj;JtkhFk;. vJ rkj;JtkhFk;?

11. fhe;jpabfs; gftj;fPijiag; gbj;jjd; %yk; kdTWjpiag; ngw;whu;

fhe;jpabfs; vijg; gbj;jjd; %yk; kdTWjpiag; ngw;whu;?

12. vy;yh capu;fisAk; jk;Kapuha;f; fUjp njhz;L nra;gtu; cs;sj;jpy; jhd;

,iwtd; elk; Gupthd;. ahUila cs;sj;jpy; ,iwtd; elk; Ghpthd;?

13. ngUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mbg;gilj; jFjp Nky;epiyf; fy;tpapy; Nju;r;rp MFk;.

ngUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mbg;gilj; jFjp vJ?

14. ekf;Ff; fpilj;j ,yf;fz E}y;fSs; kpfTk; goikahdJ njhy;fhg;gpak;.

ekf;Ff; fpilj;j ,yf;fz E}y;fSs; kpfTk; goikahdJ vJ?

15. Mrpupau; vd;gtu; mwpTf;flyhf kl;Lkpd;wp mwj;jpd; MopahfTk; tpsq;fNtz;Lk;.

Mrpupau; vd;gtu; vt;thW tpsq;fNtz;Lk;?

16. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; $Wfs; vd;git kUe;jpd; Nkypl;l ,dpg;Gg; Nghd;wit.

,yf;fpaj;jpd; $Wfs; vd;git vtw;iwg; Nghd;wit.

17. jpUf;Fwis nkhopngau;j;j cUrpa mwpQu; jhy;Rjha;.

jpUf;Fwis nkhopngau;j;j cUrpa mwpQu; ahu;?

18. ,uhkypq;fu; rj;jpa jUkr;rhiyia epWtpa ,lk; tlY}u;.

,uhkypq;fu; rj;jpa jUkr;rhiyia epWtpa ,lk; vJ?

19. vy;yh capu;fisAk; xNu khjpup elj;JtNj rkj;Jtk; MFk;. vJ rkj;Jk; MFk;?

20. ts;syhu; mUspa topKiwfisf; filgpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.

ahu; mUspa topKiwfisf; filgpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;?

21.mwpT mw;wk; fhf;Fk; fUtp vd;whu; ts;Stu;.mwpT mw;wk; fhf;Fk; fUtp vd;wtu; ahu;?

22. jpiug;glk; vLg;gjidtpl nra;jpg;glk; vLg;gJ fbdkhd gzpahFk;.

jpiug;glk; vLg;gjidtpl fbdkhd gzp vJ?

23. vLj;jy;> njhLj;jy;> Kbj;jy; Mfpad Ngr;rpd; Kf;$Wfs; MFk;.

Ngr;rpd; Kf;$Wfs; ahit?

24. ,uhkypq;fu; jkpo; nkhopNa ,uthj epiy jUk; vd;W $wpdhu;.




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,uhkypq;fu; vJ ,uthj epiy jUk; vd;W $wpdhu;?

1. capupDk; Xk;gg;gLtJ vJ? Vd;?

capupDk; Xk;gg;gLtJ xOf;fk;. Vnddpy; mJ xUtUf;F vy;yhr; rpwg;GfisAk; jUfpwJ.

2. ed;wpf;F tpj;jhtJ vJ?

ed;wpf;F tpj;jhtJ ey;nyhOf;fNk MFk;.

3 .vd;Wk; ,Lk;ig jUtJ vJ?

jPa xOf;fk; vf;fhyj;jpYk; xUtDf;Fj; Jd;gj;ijNa (,Lk;ig) jUk;.

4. gy fw;Wk; fy;yhu; mwptpyhu;>ahu;?

cau;e;j rhd;Nwhupd; mwTiufisg; gpd;gw;wp elthjtu;. E}y; gy fw;wpUe;jhYk; mtu; mwptw;wtu; Mtu;.

5. .$ifiaAk; fhf;ifiaAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;b ts;Stu; tpsf;FtJ ahJ?

jd;idtpl typikahd Nfhl;lhidf; fhf;if gfypy; nty;Yk; mijg; Nghyg; giftiu nty;yf; fUJk; muru;f;F mjw;Nfw;w fhyk;

,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

6. Qhyk; nty;yf; fUJgtu; ahJ nra;tu;?

XUtd; jhd; nra;Ak; nraiyf; fhyk; mwpe;J> ,lj;NjhL nghUe;JkhW nra;jhy;> mtd; ,t;Tyfk; KOtijAk; Msf; fUjpdhYk; mJ mtDf;F KbAk;.

7. Cf;fKilahd; xLf;fk; vjidg; Nghd;wJ?

Cf;fKilatd; mlq;fpapUj;jy; Nghu; nra;fpd;w Ml;Lf;flh gifiaj; jhf;ff; fUjpg; gpd; thq;Ftijg; Nghd;wjhFk;.

8. nfhf;ifr; rhd;whff; fhl;b ts;Stu; tpsf;Fk; fUj;J ahJ?

nraiy Nkw;nfhs;shj fhyj;jpy; nfhf;fpidg; Nghy mlq;fpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nray; tha;f;Fkplj;Jf; nfhf;fpidg; Nghy; tpiue;J nra;J Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

9. jpUts;StUf;F toq;Fk; NtWngau;fs; ahit?

1)Kjw;ghtyu;> 2)ngha;apy; Gytu;> 3)nja;tg;Gytu;> 4)nre;ehg; Nghjhu;> 5) ngUehtyu;> 6)Njtu;.

10. ghujpjhrd; jpUts;Stiu vt;thW Gfo;e;Js;shu;?

jpUts;Stiug; ghujpjhrd;>”ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhy; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk”vd;W

nra;As; FW tpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 21 Kjy; 27 tiu




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Gfo;e;Js;shu;.

11. xOf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ vJ? ,Of;fj;jpdhy; va;JtJ vJ?

xOf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ cah;T. ,Of;fj;jpdhy; va;JtJ ngUk;gop.

12. nra;jw;fhpa nray; nra;tJ vg;NghJ?

mhpa tha;g;G fpilf;Fk; NghJ nra;jw;fupa nray;fis nra;J Kbj;jpl Ntz;Lk;.

13. Vyhjp-E}w; Fwpg;G vOJf.

Vyk;+Mjp=Vyhjp. Vyf;fha;> ,ytq;fk;> Rf;F> rpWehtw;G+> kpsF> jpg;gpyp

Mfpa MW nghUs;fshy; nra;ag;gl;l kUe;J clypd; Nehiag; Nghf;Fk;.

mJNghy> ,e;E}ypy; xt;nthU ghl;bYk; cs;s MW fUj;Jfs; kf;fspd;

mwpahikiag; Nghf;Fk;.

14. gopapyh kd;ddha; tho;gtdpd; gz;Gfshff; fzpNkjhtpahu; Fwpg;gpLtd ahit?

gpwuplk; gzpTilatdha; ,Uj;jy;> xOf;fnewpapy; elj;jy;> rhd;Nwhu;

mwpTiuiag; gpd;gw;Wjy;.

El;gkhd E}y;fis Muha;jy;> mit $Wk; newpapy; tho;jy;.

15. fk;gh; Fwpg;G tiuf.

Ch; : NjuOe;J}h; Mjhpj;jth; : rilag;g ts;sy; fhyk; : fp.gp.12-k; E}w;whz;L E}y;fs; : fk;guhkhazk;> ruRtjp me;jhjp

16. ifAiwg; nghUs;fshff; Ffd; nfhz;L nrd;wd vit?ahUf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;whd;?

Ffd; NjidAk;> kPidAk; ifAiwg; nghUs;fshff; nfhz;L nrd;whd; ,uhkDf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;whd;.

17. Ffd; ,uhkidf; fz;L vt;thW gzpe;J tzq;fpdhd;?

Ffd;> jd; ePz;l Kbia cila jiy> kz;zpy; gbaf; fPNo tpOe;J

,uhkid tzq;fpdhd;.

18. Ffdpd; Ntz;LNfhs; ahJ?

,e;jj; Jd;gj;NjhL cd;idg; gpupe;J vdJ ,Ug;gplk; nry;ykhl;Nld; IaNd ! ,q;fpUe;J vd;dhyhd mbikj; njhopiy cdf;Fr; nra;Ntd;|

vd Ffd; ,uhkdplk; Ntz;bdhd;.

19. md;Gs ,dp ehk; Xh; Ith;fs; csuhNdhk; - ahh; , ahhplk; $wpaJ ?




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,uhkd; , Ffdplj;jpy; $wpajhFk;.

20. jpUehTf;furh; mg;G+jpabfsplk; tpdtpanjd;d?

jz;zPh;g; ge;jypd; Kfg;gpy; jdJ ngaiu vOjhky; NtnwhU ngaiu vOjp

itj;jikf;F fhuzk; vd;d vd jpUehTf;furh; mg;G+jpabfsplk; tpdtpdhu;.

21. mg;G+jpabfs; vj;jifa gz;ghsh; ?

mg;G+jpabfs; fsT , ngha; , fhkk; , rpdk; Kjypa Fw;wq;fs; ePq;fpath;. tskhd ,y;yw tho;tpdu;.

22. mg;G+jpabfs; vtw;Wf;nfy;yhk; jpUehTf;fuR vdg; ngah;itj;jhh; ?

msTf;fUtpfs; epiwNfhy; 1) kf;fs; 2) gRf;fs; 3) vUikfs;

Nghd;wtw;wpw;F jpUehTf;furh; vdg; ngah; itj;jhu;.

23. te;jth; thfPrh; vd mwpe;jJk; mg;G+jpabfs; vd;d nra;jhh; ?

1)jk; jiyNky; ifFtpj;J tzq;fpdhh;. jk; fz;fspypUe;J fz;zPh; ngUfpl epd;whh;

2)nrhw;fs; jLkhwpd , kaph;rpyph;f;fg; G+kpapy; tPo;e;J mth; ghjq;fspy; jk; jiygba tzq;fpdhh;

24. Ek;Ngh; vOjhNj NtnwhUNgh; Kd;ndOj Ntz;ba fhuzk; vd;nfhy; ?

ahh; ahhplk; $wpaJ ?

jpUehTf;furh; , mg;G+jpabfsplk; $wpaJ.

25 .“,g;NghJ ,q;F mtd; cjthd;” ahh; , ahhplk; $wpaJ ?

mg;G+jpabfs; , jpUehTf;furhplk; $wpaJ

26. jpUehTf;furh; %j;j jpUehTf;furiu vq;qdk; caph;j;njor; nra;jhu;?

xd;Wnfhyhk;| vdj;njhlq;Fk; gjpfk; ghb caph;j;njor; nra;jhu;.

27. taypd; tug;Gfshff; $wg;gLgit ahit ?

1 ntz;gh 2)Mrpupag;gh 3)fypg;gh 4)tQ;rpg;gh.

28. tay; jUk; tpisTfs; ahit ? 1) mwk; 2)nghUs; 3),d;gk; 4)tPL

29. Nghypg; Gyth;fisj; jz;bg;Nghh; ahh; ?

1. gps;isg; ghz;bad; 2. tpy;ypGj;J}h; Mo;thh;. 3. xl;lf; $j;jh;

30. td;idAs; vy;yhk; jiyahaJ vJ ?

jk;iktpl mwptpy; rpwe;j ngupNahiu cwtpdhuha; Vw;W elj;jy;. ;

31. nfLg;ghh; ,yhDq; nfL;gth; ahh; ?

fbe;J mwpTiu$Wk; nghpNahiuj; jkf;Fj; Jizaha;f; nfhs;shjth;,; gifth;




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,d;wpf; nfLth;

32. ey;yhh; njhlh;G iftpLjy; - vj;jd;ikj;J ?

ed;ik nghUe;jpa rhd;Nwhhpd; el;igf; iftpLtJ , jhd; jdpj;J epd;W

gyNuhL gif nfhs;tijtplg; gj;J klq;F jPik jUk;.

33. Nte;jw;Fupa nghUs;fs; ahit ?

muR cupikahy; tUk; nghUs;. kf;fs; tupahfj; jUk; nghUs;. gifthplkpUe;J jpiwaha;f; nfhs;Sk; nghUs;.

34. Njthuk; - nghUs; vOJf.

Nj + thuk; - nja;tj;ijg; gw;wpa ,d;dpirg; ghly;fs;. Nj + Muk; - nja;tj;jpw;F mzpAk; G+khiy Nghd;w ghkhiy.

35. rptngUkhd; vj;jd;ikad; ?

rptngUkhd; vtUf;Fk; mbikahfhj jd;ikad;. xU fhjpdpy; ey;y rq;fpdhyhd ntz;ikahd Fz;lyj;ij mzpe;jtd;.

36. Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ ahJ ?

Mw;Wjy; ( ,y;tho;jy;) vd;gJ tUe;jp te;Njhh;f;F cjTjy; .

37. gz;G vdg;gLtJ ahJ ?

gz;G vdg;gLtJ rhd;Nwhu;top mwpe;J elj;jyhFk;.

38. mwpT vdg;gLtJ ahJ?.

mwpT vdg;gLtJ mwptw;wtu; $Wk; nrhw;fisg; nghWj;Jf;nfhs;SjyhFk;.

39. fyk;gf E}y;fSs; Kjy; E}y; vJ?

ee;jpf;fyk;gfk;.

40. ee;jpf;fyk;gf cWg;Gfs; ehd;fpid vOJf.

mk;khid> Cry;> kwk;> jtk;. 41. ee;jpf;fyk;gfk; ahu; kPJ ghlg;ngw;wJ?

gy;yt kd;dd; %d;whk; ee;jp tu;kd; kPJ ghlg;ngw;wJ.

42. ee;jptu;kd; tPuk; vj;jifaJ?.

mwptpy;yhj gifauru; ee;jpapd; jhkiu Nghd;w jpUtbfis tzq;fhtpby;>

mtu; nfhy;yg;gl;L; Njtu; cyfk; nry;tu;.

43. Mo;thu;fs; ghba ghly;fspd; njhFg;gpd; ngau; vd;d?.

ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpuge;jk;.




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44. FyNrfuu; vt;ntk; nkhopfspy; ty;ytu;?

tlnkhop (rkw;fpUjk;) njd;nkhop (jkpo;)

45. rpyk;G czh;j;Jk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit?

1. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;

2. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Vj;Jth;

3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk;. 45. Gyp trdpj;j glyj;jpd; %yk; ePawpAk; mwk; ahJ?

1. cyfpYs;s caphpdq;fs; midj;Jk; xd;nwdf; fUJfpd;w mUshsh;fs; Kd; nfhba caphpdq;fSk; gzpe;J elf;Fk;

1. cyfpy; cs;s nkhopfSs; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsKila nkhopfs; vj;jid?

cyfpy; cs;s nkhopfSs; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsKila nkhopfs; %thapuk; MFk;.

2. njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpj;J Kidth; vkpNdh $WtJ ahJ?

,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;Yeh;fs; Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f topKiwfisj; njhy;fhg;gpak;

$Wfpd;wJ vd lhf;lh; vkpNdh $Wfpwhh;.

3. nkhopf;Fhpa nrt;tpay; jd;ikfs; ahit?

njhd;ik> Kd;ik> Ez;ik> jpz;ik> vz;ik> xz;ik> ,dpik> jdpik> ,sik>

tsik> jha;ik> J}a;ik> Kk;ik> nrk;ik> ,ad;ik> tpad;ik.

4. xU nkhop epiyg;ngw;W epw;gjw;Fhpa jFjpg;ghLfs; ahit?

Ngr;R nkhopahf> vOj;J nkhopahf> Ml;rp nkhopahf> ePjpkd;w nkhopahf gapw;W

nkhopahf epiyngw;wply; Ntz;Lk;.

3. jkpo;nkhopapd; jdpj;jd;ikfis vOJf.

,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kg;ngUk; gphpTfisf; nfhz;lJ. jkpoh; mfk;>Gwk; vd;W tho;tpaYf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;jdh;. jpUf;Fws;> khe;jh; ,dj;jpw;Nf tho;tpay; newpKiwfis tFj;jspj;jJ.

5. nkhop khw;wk; vd;why; vd;d?

xU nkhopg; glj;ij kw;w nkhopfspy; khw;wp mikf;Fk; Kiwf;F nkhopkhw;wk; vd;Wngah;.

ciueil FWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 28 Kjy; 34 tiu




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6. fy;tpg; glq;fspd; thapyhf ehk; mwptd ahit?

gy;tif tpyq;Ffspd; tho;f;if gd;dhl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;if Neupy; fhz Kbahj ,lq;fs; Kjypatw;iw ehk; fy;tpg;glq;fspd; thapyhf mwpayhk;.

7. nra;jpg; glq;fs; %ykhf ehk; mwptd ahit?

cyfpy; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; elf;Fk; epfo;r;rpfisr; nra;jpg; glq;fs; %ykhf ehk; mwpayhk;.

8. jpiug;glr;RUs; gw;wp ePtPh; mwptd ahit?

jpiug;glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; glr;RUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ. glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; RUs;> vjpu;r;RUs; vdg;gLk;.

9. nfhLq;flyhy; nfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfs; ahit?

1) Fkhp kiy 2) Fkhp MW 3) g/Wsp MW

10. Vw;Wkjp> ,wf;Fkjp Fwpj;Jf; $Wk; E}y;fs; ahit?

1) gl;bdg; ghiy 2) kJiuf;fhQ;rp

11. Qhyk; - ngah;f; fhuzk; $Wf.

„Qhyk;‟ vd;Dk; jkpo;r;nrhy; „Qhy;‟ vd;Dk; nrhy;ybahfj; Njhd;wpaJ. „Qhy;‟ vd;gjw;F njhq;Fjy; vd;W nghUs;. cyfk; mz;l ntspapy; njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;gij ,/J czh;j;JfpwJ.

12. kUe;jpy;yh kUj;Jtk; gw;wp jpUts;Sth; $WtJ vd;d?

clypy; thjk;> gpj;jk;> rPjk;> Mfpa %d;Wk; rkepiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mr;rkepiy jtWk;NghJ Neha; Vw;gLk; vd jpUts;Stu; $Wfpwhu;

3. mnkhpf;f ,johrphpauplk; fhe;jpabfs; gw;wpg; ngz;kzp $wpaJ ahJ?

cyfpy; ,d;W fhe;jpabfs; ,y;iy. Mdhy; mth; tpl;Lr;nrd;w fhe;jpaf; nfhs;iffs; ,d;Wk; cyif topelj;jpr;

nry;fpd;wd| vd;W mnkhpf;f ,johrphpauplk; fhe;jpabfs; gw;wpg; ngz;kzp $wpdhh;.

14. fhe;jpabfis ftu;e;j F[uhj; ghlypd; fUj;J ahJ?

jhfj;jpw;F ePu; jUtjpy; xd;Wk; ,y;iy. jPik nra;jtw;Fk; ed;ikNa nra;. cz;ikg; nghUz;ik cz;L.

15. ,NaRtpd; kiyg; nghopT E}iyg; gbj;J fhe;jpabfs; czh;e;jJ vd;d?

jPatid vjph;f;fhNj mtdplKs;s jPikia vjph;j;J epy; giftdplKk; md;G ghuhl;L

vd;Dk; fUj;Jf;fs; fhe;jpabfsplk; nefpo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpd.

16. fhe;jpabfSf;F ,sk;gUtj;jpNyNa ,ay;ghf mike;j cah; gz;Gfs; ahit?




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md;G 2) cz;ik 3) cWjp 4) ,d;dh nra;ahik

Mfpa cah;gz;Gfs; fhe;jpabfSf;F ,sk;gUtj;jpNyNa ,ay;ghf mike;jd.

17. fhe;jpabfspd; mwtopg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; cUthd ,af;fq;fs; ahit?

1) fjh; ,af;fk; 2) kJ tpyf;F 3) jPz;lhik xopg;G

- Mfpad fhe;jpabfspd; mwtopg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; cUthd ,af;fq;fs; MFk;.

18. fhe;jpabfs; vjidg; ghtk; vd;fpwhh;?

,e;jpahtpy; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; cz;z czTk;> cLf;f cilAk;

,d;wp tho;fpd;wdh;.

me;epiyapy; kd;dh;fSk;> nry;te;jh;fSk; tpiy kjpg;Gs;s mzpfyd;fis

mzpe;Jf; nfhz;L gfl;lhf tho;tJ ghtk; vd;fpwhh; fhe;jpabfs;.

19. ,e;jpahtpd; tho;T Fwpj;Jf; fhe;jpabfs; $WtJ ahJ?

,e;jpahtpd; tho;T vd;gJ ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd fpuhkq;fspd; tho;Tjhd;. me;j fpuhkq;fspd; tho;T> me;j ehl;bd; coth;fs;> ,isQh;fs; MfpNahh;

iffspy;jhd; cs;sJ> vd;fpwhh; fhe;jpabfs;.

20. ,uhkypq;fh; vq;F? vg;NghJ gpwe;jhu;?

flY}h; khtl;lk; rpjk;guk; tl;lj;jpy; cs;s kUJ}hpy; gpwe;jhu;. gpwe;j Njjp 5.10.1823

21. ,uhkypq;fu; GJnewpf; fz;l Gyth; vdg; Nghw;wg;glf; fhuzk; vd;d?

kf;fs; mwpahik ePq;fp mwpT xsp ngw Nrhjp jhprdg; GJikiag; GFj;jpdhu;.

22. ts;syhhpd; Kof;fk; ahJ?

“mUl;ngUQ;N[hjp jdpg;ngUq; fUiz” vd;gNj ts;syhhpd; Kof;fk; MFk;.

23. rj;jpa jUk rhiyapy; ts;syhh; nra;j njhz;L ahJ?

tlY}hpy; rj;jpa jUk rhiyia epWtpdhu;. rhjp> kj NtWghbd;wpg; grpj;Njhh;f;nfy;yhk; cztpl;lhh;.

24. xt;nthUtUk; Fiwe;jJ vf;fy;tpj; jFjpapidg; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;?

xt;nthUtUk; Fiwe;jJ Nky;epiyf; fy;tpj; jFjpapidg; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

25. jw;NghJ tsh;e;J tUk; ,uz;L njhopy;El;gj; Jiwfs; ahit?

caphp njhopy;El;gk; Ez;zpay; njhopy;El;gk;

26. gl;lg; gbg;Gfspy; vitNaDk; ehd;fpid vOJf.




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1. gp.ypl; – jkpo; 2. gp.V. – Mq;fpyk; 3. gp;.v];.rp. – fzpjk;

4. gp.fhk;. – tzpftpay; Mfpad ehd;Fk; gl;lg; gbg;Gfs; MFk;

1. khzpf;f thrfh; ,iwtdplk; vt;thW Ntz;Lfpwhh;?

vy;yhk; cila ngUkhNd

1. ehd; cd;ghy; Ngud;G nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf cly; rpyph;j;Njd; cs;sk; eLq;fpNdd;

2.eWkzk; fkOk; cd; jpUtbfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> jiyNky; ifFtpj;J tzq;fpNdd ;.

3. fz;fspy; ePh; ngUFkhW cs;sk; tUe;j cUfpNdd;

4. ngha;g;nghUis tpyf;fp> nka;g;nghUshfpa cd;id epidj;J Jjpj;Njd;.

5. „nty;f nty;f‟ vd cd; mUk;ngUk; nray;fisAk; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;Njd;

6. ,j;jifa xOf;fj;jpidf; iftpNld;.

7. vdNt cd; mbath;fSs; xUtdhf vd;id Vw;Wf; nfhs;thahf”vd;W Ntz;Lfpwhh;

2. fhykwpjy; Njitgw;wp vOJf.

1. Nfhl;lhd;> fhf;ifiaf; fhl;bYk; typikAilaJ.

2. MapDk; Nfhl;lhDf;Fg; gfypy; fz; njhpahJ.

3. mf;fhykwpe;J fhf;if mjid nty;Yk;.

4.mijg;Nghy jk;kpYk; typik kpf;f giftiuf; fhykwpe;J Nghhpl;lhy; vspjpy; nty;yyhk ;.

3 nghpahuJ ,yf;fzk; ahJ?

mwnewpia mwpe;J mwptpy; njspe;j Kjph;r;rpAilNahh; el;gpid Muha;e;jwpe;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

M. jkf;F te;Js;s Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fp ,dp> NkYk; Jd;gk; tuhjthW Kd;djhfNt fhf;Fk; jd;ik cilahiug; Nghw;wp el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

4 thapw;fhtyd; ghz;ba kd;did vt;thW tho;j;jpdhd;?

nfhw;if vd;Dk; JiwKfj;ij cila ghz;ba kd;dNd tho;thahf! njw;Fg; gFjpapy; cs;s nghjpakiyf;F jiytNd tho;f! nropaNd tho;f! jkpo;ehl;bd; njd;gFjpj; jiytNd tho;f! gopr;nrhw;fs; Nruhj gQ;rtNd tho;f!|

vd thapw;fhtyd; ghz;ba kd;did tho;j;jpdhd;.

nra;As; gFjp rpW tpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 35 Kjy; 39 tiu




Page

| 17

5 .fz;zfp Fwpj;J thapw;fhtyd; $wpatw;iw vOJf?

ntw;wpjUk; Ntypid ifapy; Ve;jp> gplu;jiy gPlj;jpy; Vwpa nfhw;witAk; my;ys;;

,iwtid eldkhlr; nra;j gj;ufhspAk; my;ys;; fhl;il ,lkhff; nfhz;l fhspAk; my;ys;; jhUfd; khh;ig gpse;j Jh;ifAk; my;ys;; nghw;rpyk;G xd;iw ifapy; Ve;jpatsha; rpdk; nfhz;l ngz; xUj;jp ek;

thapypd; Kd;Nd epw;fpwhs;| vd;W thapw; fhtyd; fz;zfpapd; Njhw;wk; Fwpj;J ghz;ba kd;ddplk; $Wfpwhd;.

6.rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhl;Lk; Nrhoehl;L kd;du;fspd; rpwg;Gfs; ahit?

rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhl;Lk; Nrhoehl;L kd;du;fspd; rpwg;G

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; rpgp kd;dd; kw;Wk; kDePjpr;Nrhodpd; rpwg;Gfs; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rpgp kd;dd;

NtldplkpUe;J Gwhitf; fhg;gjw;fhf jd; jiria mWj;Jf; nfhLj;Jk; vilf;F

vil rkkhfhjjhy; jhNd Jshf;Nfhypy; Vwpatd; rpgp kd;dd;.

kDePjpr;Nrhod;

jd; muz;kid kzp xypj;jijf; Nfl;Lg; gRtpd; Jaiu mwpe;J> jd; xg;gw;w

kfidNa Nju;r;rf;fuj;jpypl;Lf; nfhd;wtd; kDePjpr;Nrhod;.

7. fz;zfpf;Fg; ghz;bad; neQ;nropad; $wpa kWnkhop ahJ?

fz;zfpapd; mwpKfk;

tho;tjw;fhf epd; kJiu efuj;Jf;F te;J> vd; fhw;rpyk;gpid tpw;f Kad;w NghJ>

cd;dhy; nfhiynra;ag;gl;l Nfhtyd; kidtp| vd;W fz;zfp jd;id mwpKfk;

nra;J nfhs;fpwhs;.

ghz;bad; neLQ;nropad; $wpa kWnkhop

“fs;tid nfhiy nra;jy; nfhLq;Nfhyd;W; mJNt mur ePjp” vd;W ghz;bad;

neLQ;nropad; fz;zfpaplk; $wpdhd;.

8. jkpo; nkhop tsu;r;rpaila ghujpjhrd; $Wk; top tiffs; ahit?

gy;NtW Jiw E}y;fs; jkpopy; ntspapl Ntz;Lk;. jkpo;nkhopia kjq;fSf;Fs; mlf;fhik Ntz;Lk;. Ch;NjhWk; ,ytr E}y; epiyaq;fs; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. jkpopd; ngUikfisf; $Wtij tpLj;J Fiwfis ePf;fp GJikg; gilf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,itNa jkpo; tsh;r;rpaila ghujpjhrd; $Wk; topKiwfshFk;.

9. nre;jkpior; nrOe;jkpoha;r; nra;tjw;Fg; ghujpjhrd; $Wk; topfs; ahit?




Page

| 18

jkpo; E}y;fis vspa eilapy; vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,yf;fz E}y;fis Gjpjhfg; gilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cyfpd; Gjpa Ma;T rpe;jidfis jkpo;g;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mtw;iw tpsf;fg; glq;fSld; E}y;fshf;fp nre;jkpio nrOe;jkpoha; nra;jpl Ntz;Lk;.

10. fk;guhkhazk; - rpW Fwpg;G vOJf.

E}y; tuyhW

,uhkdJ tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; E}y; ,uhkhazk; vdg;gl;lJ. thd;kPfp Kdpth; tlnkhopapy;

vOjpa ,uhkhazj;ijj; jOtpf; fk;gu; mjidj; jkpopy; ,aw;wpdhu;. fk;gu; ,e;E}Yf;F

,uhkhtjhuk;| vdg; ngahpl;lhu;.

gphpTfs;

fk;guhkhzk; ghyfhz;lk;> mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;> Muz;a fhz;lk;> fpl;fpe;jh fhz;lk;>

Re;ju fhz;lk;> Aj;j fhz;lk; vd MW fhz;lq;fis cilaJ.

rpwg;G

jpUf;FwisAk; fk;guhkhazj;ijAk; jkpOf;Ff; ~fjp| vd;gu; ngupNahu;.

11. rPij> ,yf;Ftd;> MfpNahuplk; Ffidg;gw;wp ,uhkd; $wpanjd;d?

Ffd; ek;kplk; ePq;fhj md;G cilatdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. vy;yhtw;wpDk; ,dpatdhd ,td; ek;Kld; ,Uf;fl;Lk;|

vd;W rPij> ,yf;Ftd; MfpNahuplk; Ffidg; gw;wp ,uhkd; $wpdhd;.

12. tpUj;jkhjtiu Nehf;fp ,uhkd; $wpait ahit?

md;Gs;sj;Jld; Ffd; nfhz;L te;j ,g;nghUs;fs; fpilg;gjw;F mhpad. mKjj;ijtplr; rpwe;jd. ,it vj;jifadtha; ,Ug;gpDk; md;G fye;jjhy; J}a;ikahditNa! Mifahy; ,dpikahd ,it> ehq;fs; tpUk;gp cz;ljw;Fr; rkk;|

vd;W tpUj;jkhjtiu Nehf;fp ,uhkd; $wpdhd;.

13. rhd;Nwhu; el;Gf;F ctikahff; $wg;gLtd ahit?

rhd;Nwhu; el;G

rhd;Nwhu; vd;Wk; rhd;NwhUlNd el;G nfhs;tu;.

rhd;Nwhu; el;Gf;F ctik

nghd;Dk; gtsKk; Kj;Jk; ngUkiyapy; gpwf;Fk; khzpf;fKk;> ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy;

Njhd;Wfpd;wd. MapDk; khiyahff; Nfhj;J kjpg;Gkpf;f mzpfydhf mikf;Fk;NghJ>

jk;Ks; xUq;F NrUk;.

14. jiytDf;Fj; Njhop $Wk; nra;jpapid ew;wpizg; ghly;topj; njhFj;J vOJf.




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| 19

Kd;tpidg; gad;

murhy; rpwg;Gr; nra;ag; ngWjYk;> ahid> Nju;> Fjpiu Kjypa Ch;jpfspy;

mt;turh; Kd;dpiyapy; tpiue;J nry;YjYk; nry;tr; rpwg;gd;W. m/J mtutu; jk;

Kd;tpidg; gaNd.

cz;ikahd nry;tk;

jd;ghy; Gfyplk; Njbte;j vspNahiuf; iftplhky; fhf;Fk; nkd;ikahd gz;Ng

nry;tnkd rhd;Nwhu; $Wth;| vd;W jiytDf;Fj; Njhop $Wfpwhs;.

15. rPwhg;Guhzk; Fwpg;G vOJf.

ngah;fhuzk;

rPwh - tho;f;if> Guhzk; - tuyhW. egpfs; ehafj;jpd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw

vLj;jpak;Gk; E}y; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUshFk;.

E}y; mikg;G

,e;E}y; tpyhjj;J fhz;lk;> EGt;tj;Jf; fhz;lk;> `p;[;uj;Jf; fhz;lk; vd;Dk;

Kg;gphpTfis nfhz;lJ. 5027 tpUj;jg;ghf;fshy; MdJ.

16. Gypapd; nfhLQ;nray;fs; gw;wp ckWg;Gyth; $Wtd ahit?

rpq;fj;ijj; jtpu kw;w tpyq;Ffspd; ,iwr;rpia cz;Zk;. nghpa ahidfspd; khu;gpidf; fPwpf; FUjpapidf; Fbf;Fk;. nghpa kiyfSk; mjpUk;gb ,biaf; fhl;bYk; mjpfkhf Koq;Fk;. Gyp Koq;Fk; xirapidf; Nfl;L fhl;nlUikfSk; gd;wpfSk; fubfSk;

fiykhd;fSk; fhy; jLkhwp epyj;jpy; tpOe;J eLf;fkilAk;.

17.egpfs; ehafj;ijf; fz;l Gypapd; epiyia vOJf.

KfkJ egp kfpo;r;rpAld; ghijapy; ele;J tUtij fz;l Gyp> jdJ thiy tisj;J nfhz;lJ. cly; eLf;fKw;W nky;y nky;y ele;J te;jJ. Fspu;r;rp jq;fpa jsph;NghYk; jpUtbf; fhl;rp fpilj;jnjd;W> gzpe;J tzq;fpaJ.

18. rhjidg;G+f;fs; vd;W vtw;iwr; rhiyahu; Rl;Lfpwhu;?

tho;f;ifahfpa topj; jlq;fs; Fg;igf; $sq;fshy; milgLKd; tpiue;J nrd;W>

fz;fisAk; fhJfisAk; Jizahff; nfhz;L kd cWjpAld; tpz;izAk; fle;J

ntw;wpf; nfhs;gth;fis rhjidg; G+f;fs; vd;W rhiyahu; Rl;Lfpwhu;

ciueilg; gFjp-rpW tpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;.40 Kjy; 44 tiu




Page

| 20

1. ngz;fy;tp Fwpj;Jg; nghpahh; $Wk; fUj;Jfs; ahit?

ekJ rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fs; rhu;e;j jiyfPohd xU Gul;rp Vw;gl;lhnyhopa> nghpa

khWjy;fisf; nfhz;L tutpayhJ.

ngz;fs; kdpjg; gpwtpfsha; elkhl Ntz;Lkhdhy; mLg;gq;fiuia tpl;L ntspNaw Ntz;Lk;.

ngz;fs; fy;tp fw;whnyhopa r%fj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;glhJ. Mz;fs; ngz;fis gbf;f itf;f Ntz;Lk;. Muha;r;rpg; gbg;Gk; jhuhskha;f; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ngz;fy;tp gw;wp

nghpahu; vLj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.

2. ngz;Zhpikia tpsf;Ff?

MZf;Fg; ngz; ,isg;gpy;iy| vd;gij czu Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; jj;jk; fztDf;F kl;Lk; ciof;Fk; mbikfshf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fj; njhz;lhw;Wk; Gfo; ngw;w ngz;kzpfshf tpsq;fNtz;Lk;. ngz;fSf;F nrhj;Jhpik toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

3. kzf;nfhil Fwpj;Jg; nghpahh; $Wtd ahit?

ngw;Nwhu;fspd; kdg;Nghf;F

jkpoh;fspilNa ,d;W gutpAs;s xU ngUNeha; kzf;nfhil. jd; kfDf;fhf

nrytopj;jg; gzj;ij njhopypy; Nghl;l KjyPlhf fUjp> mtw;iw tug;NghFk;

kidtpaplk; ngw;Wtpl Ntz;Lnkd;W Jbf;fpd;wdu;.

,d;iwa ,isQh;fspilNa Vw;gl Ntz;ba khw;wk;:

md;Gk; jpahf czh;r;rpAk; ,Ue;jhy;jhd; ,k;khjpupahd nfhLikfis xopf;f

,aYk;. jkpo;ehl;L ,isQh;fs; nrf;F khLfshf ,y;yhky;> ge;jaf;Fjpiufshf

khwNtz;Lk;. jhNk Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; cau;e;j vz;zk; ek; ,isQh;fspilNa tsuNtz;Lk;.

4. mk;Ngj;fh; ngw;w fy;tpj; jFjpfs; ahit?

1908,y; vy;gpd;];ld; gs;spapy; cah;epiyg; gs;spg; gbg;G. 1912,y; gk;gha; vygp;d;];ld; fy;Y}hpapy; ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk;. 1915,y; KJfiyg; gl;lk;. 1916,y; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Kidth; gl;lk;. Mfpait mk;Ngj;fhu; ngw;w fy;tpj; jFjpfshFk;.

5. fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;F mk;Ngj;fh; Mw;wpa gzp ahJ?

mk;Ngj;fh;> 1946Mk; Mz;L kf;fs; fy;tpf; fofj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;. Kk;igapy;> mtuJ mhpa Kaw;rpahy; cUthd rpj;jhu;j;jh cau;fy;tp epiyaj;jpy;

,d;iwa mwpT tsh;r;rpf;F Ntz;ba midj;Jg; ghlq;fSk; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

6. Ngr;rpd; njhlf;fk; vt;thW mikjy; Ntz;Lk;?




Page

| 21

Nfl;Nghiu jd;tag;gLj;Jk; Kiwapy; Ngr;irj; njhlq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. mitapy; ,Ug;Nghiu tpspj;Jr; RUf;fkhd Kd;DiuAld; Ngrj; njhlq;FtNj rpwg;GilaJ. Ngrj; njhlq;fpa XupU kzpj;Jspfspy; Ngrg;NghFk; nghUspy; GFe;JtpLtJ

ghuhl;Lf;FhpaJ.

,lj;jpw;Fk; #oYf;Fk; Vw;gj; njhlf;fTiu mikjy; ed;W.

7. Ngr;rpid Kbf;Fk; Kiwfs; rpytw;iw vOJf.

Ngr;rpd; RUf;fj;ijf; $wp Kbj;jy;> czh;r;rpiaj; J}z;Lk; Kiwapy; Kbj;jy;> ghuhl;b Kbj;jy;> nghUj;jkhd ftpijf; $wp Kbj;jy;

vd Kbf;Fk; Kiwfs; gy cs;sd. rpwe;j Ngr;rhsu; vg;gb Kbj;jhYk; moFwNt mikAk;.

8. Ngr;Rf;fiyapy; nkhopAk; KiwAk; vt;thW mikjy; Ntz;Lk;?

nkhop mikg;G

kpd;rhuk; gha fk;gp fUtpahf ,Ug;gJNghyf; fUj;ij tpsf;f nkhop fUtpahf

cs;sJ. Mjyhy; NgRk; nkhop moFilajhfTk; njspthfTk; rpf;fyw;wjhfTk; ,Uj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

NgRk; Kiw

nrhy;iy Muha;e;J mwpe;J msthfg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. nrhw;fs; fpilf;fpwNj

vd;W nfhl;btpLjy; $lhJ. nra;jpia tpiuthf nrhy;Yjy; $lhJ. jpUk;g jpUk;g

nrhy;Yjy; jtW. kpifg;gl NgRjy; $lhJ.

9. fly; thzpfk; Fwpj;J vOJf.

jkpoh;fs; fly; thzpfj;jpy; jiyrpwe;jpUe;jdu;. nghd;Dk;> Kj;Jk;> JfpYk; nfhz;L fly; thzpfk; nra;jdu;. fpwpj;J gpwg;gjw;F Kd;Ng fpNuf;fk;> cNuhkhGhp> vfpg;J Mfpa ehLfSld; mhprpAk;>

kapy; NjhifAk;> re;jdKk; jkpofj;jpypUe;J mDg;gg;gl;ld.

fp;.K. 10Mk; E}w;whz;by; murd; rhykDf;F ahidj; je;jKk;> kapy; NjhifAk;>

thridg; nghUl;fSlk; mDg;gg;gl;ld.

jkpou;fs; rhtf ehl;LlDk; thzpfj; njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jdu;.

10. coTj;njhopy; Fwpj;J vOJf.

cOJz;L tho;thNu tho;tu;| vd;fpwJ jpUf;Fws;. jkpoh;> cOJ gapu; nra;J cyiff; fhf;Fk; coTj;njhopiyg; ngupJk;Nghw;wpdu;. cz;b nfhLj;Njhu; caph; nfhLj;NjhNu| vd;Dk; gonkhop ,d;Wk; jkpoh;fshy; Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ.

coTf;Fr; rpwg;Gg; ngw;w kUjepyk; taYk; tay; rhu;e;j ,lkhf tifg;gLj;jdu;.




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| 22

kUj epyj;jpd; ngUik fUjpNa Nte;jid Kjd;ikg; gLj;jpdu; jkpoh;.

11. fhe;jpabfisf; fth;e;j ehlfk; vJ? tpsf;Ff.

fhe;jpabfisf; ftu;e;j ehlfk; fhe;jpabfisf; fth;e;j ehlfk; mhpr;re;jpud; ehlfk;.

ftuf; fhuzk;

mhpr;re;jpud; cz;ikia kl;LNk NgRk; murd;. mtid ngha; Ngritf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;fhf gy ,d;dy;fisj; jUfpwhu; tpRthkpj;jpuu;. mjdhy;> mhpr;re;jpud; ehl;ilAk;

kidtpiaAk; xNu kfidAk; ,oe;J RLfhl;by; gzpGhpfpwhd;.

fhe;jpabfspd; KbT

mtdJ tha;ikia ehlfk; thapyhf czh;e;j fhe;jpabfs;> jhk; xU rj;jpathdhf

,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W cWjpnfhz;lhu;.

12. kdpjNeak; Fwpj;Jf; fhe;jpabfs; $wpaJ ahJ?

kdpjhgpkhdk;

vd;idg; nghUj;jtiuapy; NjrhgpkhdKk; kdpjhgpkhdKk; xd;Wjhd;. ehd; xU

Njrgf;jd;. mjw;F fhuzk; ehd; kdpjdhf ,Ug;gJk;> mjw;FNky; kdpjhgpkhdpahf

,Ug;gJk;jhd;|| vd;W fhe;jpabfs; $Wfpwhu;.

kdpjj;jd;ik

kdpju; nkhopahYk; ehl;lhYk; czh;j;jg;gLtjidf; fhl;bYk; kdjj;jd;ikahy;

czu;j;jg;gLtNj rpwg;G vd;fpwhu;. ehd; xU F[uhj;jpadhf ,Ug;gijf; fhl;bYk;>

,e;jpadhf ,Ug;gijf; fhl;bYk;> kdpjdhf ,Ug;gNj ngUikf;FhpaJ vd;W $Wfpwhu;

1.mhpfhy; khwpa mq;fz; mfy;tay;

kWfhy; cOj <ur; nrWtpd;

tpj;njhL nrd;w tl;b gw;gy

kPndhL ngaUk; ahzh; Cu||

1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? ew;wpiz

2. mhp - nghUs; $Wf. new;fjph;

3. mq;fz; - gphpj;J vOJf. mk; + fz;

4. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}ypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? kpisfpohd; ey;Ntl;ldhu;

5. ,g;ghlypy; mike;Js;s mb vJiffis vOJf. mupfhy;> kWfhy;

nra;Aisg; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp - tpdh vz;. 45




Page

| 23

2. mupah rdKdf;Nf ahdhy; cdf;Fr;

rupahUk; cz;Nlh jkpNo - tpupthu;

jpfo;gh xUehd;FQ; nra;As;tuk; ghfg;

Gfo;gh tpdq;fs;kilg; Nghf;fh - epfoNt

1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ ? jkpo;tpL J}J

2. ,g;ghlypy; cdf;F vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;Fk;? jkpiof; Fwpf;Fk;.

3. ehd;F tifg; ghf;fs; ahit? ntz;gh> Mrpupag;gh fypg;gh> tQ;rpg;gh.

4. ,g;ghlypy; gapd;W te;Js;s mbnaJiffis vLj;J vOJf.

mupahrdk; - rupahUk;> jpfo;gh - Gfo;gh

5. mupahrdk; nghUs; jUf. rpq;fhjdk;.

3. ey;Nyup dhy;nra;As; ehw;fuzj; Nju;G+l;br;

nrhy;Nyu; cotu; njhFj;jPz;b - ey;ynewp

ehNy tpijah edptpijj;J ehw;nghUSk;

NkNy gyd;ngwr;nra; tpf;fehs; - NkNyhupy;

1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? jkpo;tpL J}J

2. ,e;E}ypd; Mrpupau; ahu? mwpag;gltpy;iy.

3. ehw;fuzq;fs; ahit? kdk;> Gj;jp> rpj;jk;> mfq;fhuk;.

4. nrhy;Nyu; cotu; ahu;? Gytu;fs;

5.,g;ghlypy; mike;Js;s mb vJiffis vLj;J vLJf.ey;Nyupdhy; - nrhy;Nyu;> ehNy - NkNy

4. ghj;jdjhf; nfhz;lgps;isg; ghz;bad; tpy;ypxl;lf;

$j;jdptu; fy;yhJ Nfhl;bnfhSk; - rPj;ijahiuf;

Fl;br; nrtpaWj;Jf; $l;bj; jiyfnsy;yhk;

ntl;bf; fisgwpf;f Nkyha;j;J}h; - fl;b

1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; vJ? jkpo;tpL J}J

2. ,g;ghlypy; tUk; Gytu;fs; ngau;fis vOJf.

mjptPuuhk ghz;bad;> tpy;ypGj;J}uhu; xl;lf;$j;ju;>

3. Nghypg; Gytu;fisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgtu; ahu;? mjptPuuhk ghz;bad;.

4. rPj;ijau; - nghUs; $Wf. fPohdtu;> Nghypg;Gytu;

5.,g;ghlypy; mike;Js;s mbnaJiffis vLj;J vOJf.ghj;jdjhf; - $j;jdptu;> Fl;b> ntl;b.

5. jpj;jpf;Fk; njs;sKjha;j; njs;sKjpd; Nkyhd




Page

| 24

Kj;jpf; fdpNavd; Kj;jkpNo - Gj;jpf;Fs;

cz;zg; gLe;NjNd cd;Ndh Lte;Jiuf;Fk;

tpz;zg;gk; cz;L tpsk;gf;Nfs;.

1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; vJ jkpo;tpL J}J

2. Kj;jkpo; tpupj;njOJf. ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk;.

3. tpsk;gf;Nfs; nghUs; $Wf. nrhy;yf; Nfl;ghahf.

4. cd;NdhLte;Jiuf;Fk; gpupj;J vOJf. cd;NdhL + cte;J + ciuf;Fk;

5. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffis vLj;J vOJf.

jpj;jpf;Fk; - Kj;jp> cz;zg;gLk; - tpz;zg;gk;

6. Fl;br; nrtpaWj;Jf; $l;bj; jiyfnsy;yhk;

ntl;bf; fisgwpf;f Nkyha;j;J}h; - fl;b

tsh;e;jid ghy;Ke;jphpif thiof; fdpaha;f;

fpsh;e;jfUk; gha;ehsp Nfuj;J - ,sq;fdpaha;j;

1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? jkpo;tpL J}J

2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ngah; ahJ? mwpatpy;iy

3.,g;ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mb vJiffis vOJf. Fl;b> ntl;b tsu;e;jid> fpsu;e;jfUk ;

4. nrtpaWj;J - gphpj;J vOJf. nrtp + mWj;J

5. ehspNfuk; - nghUs; vOJf. njd;id

7. Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ xd;W myh;e;jth;f;F cjTjy;

Nghw;Wjy; vd;gJ Gzh;e;jhiug; gphpahik

gz;ngdg; gLtJ ghLmwpe;J xOFjy;

md;ngdg; gLtJ jd;fpis nrwhmik

1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? fypj;njhif

2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? ey;ye;Jtdhu;

3. fpis - nghUs; vOJf. Rw;wk;

4. md;ngdg;gLtJ - gphpj;J vOJf. md;G + vdg;gLtJ

5. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffis vOJf. Mw;Wjy;> Nghw;Wjy;

gz;ngdg; gLtJ> md;ngdg; gLtJ

8. rhjidg; G+f;fis Ve;JKd;Nd - ,q;F




Page

| 25

ey;y nrb ,isg;ghwpLNkh?

Ntjid ahTk; kwe;jJghh; - nrb

ntw;wp nfhz;Nle;jpa G+tpdpNy.

1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; vJ? G+j;jJ khDlk;

2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? rhiy ,se;jpiuad;

3. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffisvLj;J vOJf. rhjid> Ntjid

4. rhjidg; G+ vJ?

tplh Kaw;rpAk; kdTWjpAk; nfhz;L ntw;wp nfhs;tu;fis rhjidg; G+

vd;W Mrpupau; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;

5. nrb vg;NghJ ,isg;ghWfpwJ? rhjidg; G+f;fis kyu itj;jg;gpd;.

1. Ma fiyfs; mWgj;J ehd;F vd;gh;. mj;jifa fiyfSs; Ngr;Rf; fiyAk; xd;W.

,J> Ez;zpa E}y;gy fw;wth;f;Nf mikaj;jf;f mhpanjhU fiy. ,J> kf;fSf;F

mwpT Gfl;b mth;fis cah;e;j ,yl;rpag; ghijapNy mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; td;ikAilaJ.Nkilg; Ngr;rpy; ey;y jkpiof; nfhz;L kf;fis <h;j;Njhh; jkpo;j;njd;wy; jpU.tp.f.NguwpQh; mz;zh> uh.gp.NrJg;gps;is> ehtyh; NrhkRe;ju ghujpahh;> Fd;wf;Fb mbfshh; KjypNahh; Mth;.;:

1. Ma fiyfs; vj;jid? Ma fiyfs; mWgj;J ehd;F vd;gu;.

2. Ez;zpa E}y;gy fw;wth;f;F mikaj;jf;f fiy vJ? Ngr;Rf; fiy

3. Nkilg;Ngr;rpy; kf;fis <h;j;Njhh; ahth;?

jkpo;j;njd;wy; jpU.tp.f.> NguwpQu; mz;zh> uh.gp.NrJgps;is> ehtyu; NrhkRe;ju

ghujpahu;> Fd;wf;Fb mbfshu;.

4. Ngr;Rf; fiyapd; td;ik ahJ?

kf;fSf;F mwpT Gfl;b cau;e;j ,yl;rpag; ghijapNy mioj;Jr; nry;Yk;

td;ikAilaJ.

5. ,g;gFjpf;F Vw;wj; jiyg;G xd;W jUf. Ngr;Rf;fiy

2. ,uhkypq;fh; mUspa ghly;fs; mUl;fUiz epiwe;jit. MW njhFjpfs; nfhz;l

,tuJ ghly;fisj; jpUtUl;gh vd kf;fs; Nghw;Wfpd;wdh;. ,th; cUt topghl;il

ePf;fp> xsptopghl;il kf;fisg; gpd;gw;wr; nra;jhh;. mjw;fhfNt tlY}hpy; rj;jpa

Qhdrigia epWtpdhh;. NkYk; kf;fs; mwpahikia ePq;fp mwpT xspngw> mq;Nf

Nrhjpjhprdg; GJikiag; GFj;jpdhh;. ,jdhy;jhd; ghujpahh;. ,tiug; ~GJnewp fz;l

ciueilg; gFjpiag; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp (tpdh vz;. 46)




Page

| 26

Gyth|; vd;W Nghw;wpdhh;.

1. ,uhkypq;fh; mUspa ghly;fs; vg;gb miof;fg;gl;ld?

,uhkypq;fu; mUspa ghly;fs; jpUtUl;gh vd miof;fg;gl;ld.

2. jpUtUl;gh vj;jidj; njhFjpAilaJ? jpUtUl;gh MW njhFjpfis cilaJ.

3. cUt topghl;Lf;Fg; gjpyhf ve;j topghl;ilg; gpd;gw;wpdhh;?

cUt topghl;Lf;Fg; gjpyhf xsptopghl;il gpd;gw;wpdhu;.

4. rj;jpa Qhd rig vq;F epWtg;gl;lJ? rj;jpa Qhd rig tlY}upy; epWtg;gl;lJ.

5. ,uhkypq;fiu ghujpahh; vg;gbg; Nghw;wpdhh;? GJnewp fz;l Gytu; vd;W Nghw;wpdhu;.

1 xOf;fKilikg;gw;wp ts;Stu; $Wk; fUj;Jfisj; njhFj;J vOJf?

xOf;fj;jpd; cah;T xOf;fk; xUth;f;F midj;J rpwg;GfisAk; jUtjhy;> mJ capupDk; Nkyhff; fUjg;gLk;.

xOf;fNk rpwe;j JizahFk;. vdNt mij vg;ghLgl;lhtJ tpUk;gp fhf;f Ntz;Lk;.

xOf;fj;jpd; FzKk;> xOf;fkpd;ikahy; Vw;gLk; Fw;wKk;. xOf;fk; cs;sth; cau; Fbapdu;. xOf;fk; ,y;yhjtu; ,op Fbapdu;. xUtd; jhd; fw;wf; fy;tpia kwe;jhy; kPz;Lk; fw;Wf; nfhs;s ,aYk;. Mdhy;

xOf;fk; Fiwe;jhy; Fbgpwg;gpd; rpwg;G nfLk;.

nghwhik cs;stdplk; nry;tk; ,Uf;fhJ. mJNghy> xOf;fk; ,y;yhjtdplk;

cau;T ,Uf;fhJ.

xOf;fk; jtWjyhy; Vw;gLk; Fw;wq;fis czh;e;jtu;fs;> mt;nthOf;f

newpapypUe;J rpwpJk; tpyf khl;lhu;fs;.

xOf;fKilatu;fs; Nkd;ik miltu;. xOf;fkpy;yhjth;fs; milaf;$lhj

gopia miltu;.

xOf;fj;jpd; tpisT ey;nyhOf;fk; ed;ik vd;Dk; tpisitj; jUk;. jPnahOf;fk; Jd;gj;ij

tpisthfj;jUk;. nrhy;yhYk; nrayhYk; tUk; xOf;fk; ey;nyhOf;fk; cilatu;fshy; jtwpAk; jPikjUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhy;y ,ayhJ. cau;e;jhNuhL nghUe;j thOk; fy;tpiaf; fy;yhjtu;> vt;tsTjhd; fw;wpUe;jhYk;

fy;yhjtNu Mtu;.

2 fhykwpjiy ts;Sth; top epd;W tpsf;Ff.

fhykwpjypd; rpwg;G

nra;As; - neLtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 47




Page

| 27

gfw;nghOjpy; jd;idtpl typikahd Nfhl;lhidf; fhf;if ntd;WtpLk;. mJNghyg; gif nty;yf; fUJk; murd;> Vw;w fhyk; mwpe;J nray;glNtz;Lk;.

fhykwpjypd; gad; fhyj;jpw;F nghUe;jpa nraiy nra;tNj nry;tj;ij ePq;fhky; fl;Lk; fapuhFk;. jFe;j fUtpfNshL Vw;w fhyk; mwpe;J nray;gl;lhy;> nra;jw;fhpa nray;fs;

vJTk;,y;iy.

fhykwpe;J ,lj;NjhL nghUe;j nray;gl;lhy; cyfj;ijNa mila tpUk;gpDk; if$Lk;.

fhj;jpUj;jypd; rpwg;G cyfk; KOtijAk; Msf; fUJgth;> mjw;Fupa fhyj;ij vjpu;ghu;j;Jf;

fhj;jpUg;gu;. Cf;fKilatd; fhyj;ij vjph;ghu;j;J mlq;fpapUg;jhdJ> Ml;Lf;flh gifiaj;

jhf;Ftjw;Fg; gpd;thq;Fk; jd;ikiag; Nghd;wJ.

giftiu vjph;nfhs;Sk; Kiw mwpTilahu;> giftu; jPq;F nra;j clNd rpdj;ij ntspf;fhl;lhky;> fhyk;

tUk;tiufhj;jpUg;gu;. giftiuf; fhZk; NghJ gzpthf ,Uj;jy;Ntz;Lk;. mg;giftUf;F KbTf;fhyk;

tUk;NghJ> mth;jk; epiyik jiyfPoha; khwptpLk;.

tpiue;J nray;Kbj;jy; mhpa tha;g;G fpilf;Fk; NghJ> mij gad;gLj;jp nraw;fhpa nray;fs; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

fhj;jpUe;J nray;gLjy; tha;g;gw;w fhyj;jpy; nfhf;ifg;Nghy mikjpahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tha;g;G

fpilf;Fk; NghJ tpiue;J nraiy Kbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3 „Njuh kd;dh‟ vd tpspj;Jf; fz;zfp $wpad ahit?

Njuh kd;dh vd tpspj;J fz;zfp $wpait

ePnuhOFk; fz;fSld; vk;Kd; epw;Fk; ngz;Nz eP ahu;?||; vd kd;dd; fz;zfpaplk;

tpdtpdhd;. fz;zfp kd;did Nehf;fp ~~Muha;e;J mwpe;J ePjp toq;fhj kd;dNd

cd;dplk; $WtJ xd;W cz;L|| vd ciuf;fj; njhlq;fpdhs;.

Gfhu; efhpd; rpwg;G

Gwhtpd; Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fpa rpgp kd;dDk;> jd; muz;kid kzp xypj;jijf;

Nfl;L gRtpd; Jd;gj;ij mwpe;J> jd; xg;gw;w kfidNa Njh;r;rf;fuj;jpypl;Lf; nfhd;w

kDePjp NrhoDk; tho;e;j> ngUk;GfOila Gfhu; efuk; ahd; gpwe;j Ch;|| vd;W jdJ

Chpd; ngUikapid fz;zfp $wpdhs;.

fz;zfpapd; mwpKfk;

rpwg;G nghUe;jpa Gfhu; efuj;jpy; gpwe;j khrhj;Jthdpd; kfid kzk; Ghpe;Njd;.




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| 28

Co;tpidg; gadhy;> epd; kJiu efu; te;J> fhw;rpyk;ig tpw;f Kad;wNghJ> cd;dhy;

nfhiynra;ag;gl;l Nfhtyd; kidtp ehd;> fz;zfp vd;gJ vd; ngau;||; vd;W $wpdhs;.

ghz;badpd; kWnkhop

fs;tidf; nfhiy nra;jy; nfhLq;Nfhyd;W; mJNt mur ePjp|| vd;W ghz;ba

kd;dd; fz;zfpf;F kWnkhop $wpdhd;.

fz;zfp fhw;rpyk;ig cilj;jy;

fz;zfp jd; fhw;rpyk;G khzpf;fg; guy;fisf; nfhz;lJ vd;whs;. mjw;F ghz;ba

kd;dd; vk;Kila fhw;rpyk;gpy; Kj;Jg; guy;fs; nfhz;lJ vdf; $wp NfhtydplkpUe;J

ifg;gw;wpa fhw;rpyk;ig nfhz;L tur; nra;jhd;. me;j fhw;rpyk;gpid fz;zfp vLj;J

Xq;fp cilj;jhs;. mjpypUe;J khzpf;fg; guy;fs; kd;ddpd; cjl;by; gl;Lj; njwpj;jJ.

kd;dd; cz;ik mwpjy;

khzpf;fg; guy;fz;l kd;dd;> ~~nghw;nfhy;yd; nrhy; Nfl;L ePjp jtwpa> ehNdh

murd!; ehNd fs;td;; mwe;jtwhJ Fbkf;fisf;fhf;Fk; njhd;ikahl;rp vd;Kjy;

jtwpaJ. vd; tho;ehs; mopal;Lk;||; vd;wthNw kaq;fp tPo;e;jhd;. Nfhg;ngUe;NjtpAk;

kd;ddpd; jpUtbfis tzq;fp epyj;jpy; tPo;e;J ,we;jhs;.

4 fz;zfpf;Fk; ghz;ba kd;dd; neLQ;nropaDf;Fk; ele;j nrhw;Nghupid

ciuahlyhf mikj;J vOJf?

kd;dd; : ,sikahd nfhbNghd;wtNs! ePnuhOFk; fz;fSld; vk;Kd; te;J

epw;Fk; eP ahu;?

fz;zfp : Muha;e;J mwpe;J ePjp toq;fhj kd;dNd! rpgp kd;dDk;> kDePjp NrhoDk;

gpwe;j Ch; Gfhu; efuk;. mg;Gfhu; efupy; gpwe;j khrhj;Jthdpd; kfid

kzk; Ghpe;Njd;. co;tpidg; gadhy; epd; kJiu efuj;jpw;F te;J> vd;

fhw;rpyk;ig tpw;f Kad;W> cd;dhy; nfhiy nra;ag;ll Nfhtyd;

kidtp ehd;. fz;zfp vd;gJ vd; ngau;.

kd;dd; : fs;tidf; nfhiy nra;jy; nfhLq;Nfhyd;W> mJNt mur ePjp.

fz;zfp : mwnewpapy; nry;yhj murNd vd; fhw;rpyk;G khzpf;fg; guy;fisf;

nfhz;lJ.

kd;dd; : eP $wpaJ ey;yNj vk;Kilar; rpyk;gpd; guy;fs; Kj;Jf;fNs.

(Nfhtydplk; ifg;gw;wpa fhw;rpyk;G nfhz;Ltug;gLfpwJ.




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| 29

fz;zfp :fhw;rpyk;gpid Xq;fp cilf;fpwhs;. mjpypUe;J khzpf;fg; guy;fs;

ntspg;gLfpd;wd)

kd;dd; : nghd;nra;Ak; nfhy;ydpd; ngha;Aiu Nfl;L mwnewp jtwpa> ehNdh

murd;! ehNd fs;td;. (kd;dd; kaq;fp tPo;e;jhd;. Nfhg;ngUe;NjtpAk; epyj;jpy; tPo;e;J ,we;jhs;.)

5 FfDf;Fk; ,uhkDf;Fk; eilngw;w ciuahliyj; njhFj;J vOJf?

,uhkd; fq;ifapd; kWf;fiu miljy;

,uhkd; jd; kidtp rPijAlDk; jk;gp ,yf;FtDlDk; fhl;bw;F nrd;whd;. nry;Yk;

topapy; fq;iff; fiuia mile;jhd;.

Ffd; ,uhkidf; fhz tUjy;

rpUq;fpNguk; vd;Dk; efupy; thOk; Ffd; ,uhkidf; fhz tUfpwhd;. ,uhkDf;Ff;

nfhLg;gjw;fhf NjidAk; kPidAk; nfhz;L tUfpwhd;.

Ffidg; gw;wp ,uhkdplk; ,yf;Ftd; $wpaJ

~jhapDk; rpwe;j md;gpdd;@ fq;if Mw;wpy; nry;Yk; ehtha;f;Fj; jiytd;@ Ffd;

vd;gtd; jq;fisf; fhz te;Js;shd;| vd Ffidg; gw;wp ,yf;Ftd; ,uhkdplk; $Wfpwhd;.

NjidAk; kPidAk; ,uhkDf;Ff; nfhLj;jy;

Ffd; ,uhkidg; gzpTld; tzq;fp> ~NjidAk; kPidAk; gf;Ftg;gLj;jpf;

nfhz;Lte;Js;Nsd;. jhq;fs; Vw;f Ntz;Lk;| vd Ntz;bdhd;. ,uhkDk; md;gpdhy;

nfhz;L te;jJ mkpo;jpDk; ,dpaJ vd mij cz;lhd;.

Ffd; Ntz;LNfhs;

~jq;fisg; gphpe;J nry;y vdf;F kdkpy;iy. jq;fSf;F Ntz;ba njhz;L nra;Ntd;.

jq;fSld; ,Uf;f mDkjpf;f Ntz;Lk;| vd;W Ntz;bdhd;. ,uhkDk; mjw;F ,ire;jhd;.

%tUk; glfpy; nry;Yjy;

Ffd; nfhz;L te;j glfpy; ,uhkd;> rPij> ,yf;Ftd; Mfpa %tUk; nrd;wdu;.

mtu;fs; gpupthy; me;jdu;fs; kdKUfp epd;wdu;.

,uhkdpd; rNfhjuj;Jtk;

cld; tUtjhff; $wpa Ffid Nehf;fp> ~vd; capu; Nghd;wtd; eP; ,yf;Ftd; cd;

jk;gp; rPij cd; nfhOe;jp; Jd;gk; cz;lhapd; ,d;gKk; cz;L; gpupT ,ilf;fhyj;jNj;

tUe;j Ntz;lhk;; ehq;fs; cld; gpwe;Njhu; ehy;tu;; ,dp cd;Dld; Nru;j;J ItuhNdhk;|

vd ,uhkd; $wpdhd;.




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6. mg;G+jpabfshu; ,y;yj;jpy; epfo;e;jjid tptupj;J vOJf.

jpUehTf;furh; jz;zPu; ge;jy; fhzy;

jpUehTf;furh;> kf;fs; ele;J nry;Yk; ghijapy; mikf;fg;ngw;w Fspu;r;rp kpf;f

jz;zPu; ge;jiy fz;lhu;. mjpy; jpUehTf;furu; vd;Dk; ngau; vOjg;gl;bUe;jijf;

fz;L tpae;jhu;.

mg;G+jpabfsplk; ngau; itj;j fhuzk; Nfl;ly;

ePtpu; itj;j jz;zPu; ge;jypy; ck;ngau; vOjhky; NtW ngau; vOj fhuznkd;d?||

vd;W tpdtpdhu;.

jpUehTf;furhpd; ngUik ciuj;jy;

fy;NyhL fl;bf; flypy; vwpe;jNghJ> mf;fy;iyNa njg;gkhf nfhz;L fiuNawpatu;||;

vd mg;G+jpabfs;> jpUehTf;furhpd; ngUikapid ciuj;jhu;. clNd jpUehTf;furu;>

me;j rpwpatd; ehNd vdf; $wpdhu;.

jpUehTf;furiu tpUe;Jz;z mioj;jy;

mg;G+jpabfs; jpUehTf;furupd; jhkiug; Nghd;w jpUtbfis tzq;fp tpUe;Jz;z

mioj;jhu;. mtUk; mjw;F ,ire;jhu;.

%j;j jpUehTf;fuir ghk;G jPz;ly;

jpUehTf;furUf;F tpUe;J gilg;gjw;fhf %j;j jpUehTf;fuir thio ,iy mupe;J

tUk;gb $wpdhu;. thio ,iy mupAk; NghJ ghk;nghd;W cs;sq;ifapy; jPz;baJ.

kfd; ,we;jij kiwj;J jpUtKJ gilf;f mg;G+jpabfs; vz;zpdhu;.

%j;j jpUehTf;furu; ,we;jij mwpjy;

%j;j jpUehTf;fuir jpUePU mzptpf;f ehTf;furu; miof;fpwhu;. mjw;F mg;G+jpabfs;

mtd; ,q;F cjthd;| vd;whu;. gpd; ghk;G jPz;b mtd; ,we;jhd; vd;gij jpUehTf;furu;

mwpe;jhu;.

gjpfk; ghb capu;g;gpj;jy;

jpUehTf;furu; rptngUkhid Ntz;b> ~xd;Wnfhyhk;| vDk; gjpfk; ghb %j;j

jpUehTf;fuir capu;g;gpj;jhu;.

7. nghpahiuj; JizNfhly; Fwpj;J ts;Sth; $Wk; fUj;Jfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.

nghpahuJ ,yf;fzk;

1. mwptpy; njspe;j nghpahuJ el;ig Muha;e;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.




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| 31

2. jdf;F te;j Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fp ,dp> kPz;Lk; Jd;gk; tuhky; fhf;Fk; jd;ik

cilahuplk; el;G nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

nghpahiuj; Jizf; nfhs;tjd; rpwg;G

3. mwptwpe;j ngupNahiu el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;SjNy> NgWfSs; vy;yhk; mhpa NgwhFk;.

4. typikfSs; vy;yhk; rpwe;j typik> jk;ikf; fhl;bYk; mwptpy; rpwe;jtiu cwtpduha; Vw;wy;;

5. jf;f topfis Muha;e;J $Wk; mwpQh;fisNa cyfk; fz;zhff; nfhz;L

elf;fpwJ. kd;dDk; mth;fisNa el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

nghpahiu JizNfhlypd; gad;

6. nghpNahiu rhu;e;J tho;gtUf;F giftuhy; jPq;F nra;a ,ayhJ.

7. ,bj;Jj; jpUj;Jk; nghpNahiu Jizahff; nfhz;L tho;gtiu nfLf;Fk;

typikAilatu; vtUk; ,y;iy.

nghpahiuj; Jizf; nfhs;shikahy; Vw;gLk; Fw;wq;fs;

8. nghpNahiuj; Jizahff; nfhs;shj murd;> giftu; ,d;wp jhNd nfl;lopthd;.

9. KjyPL ,y;yhjtu;f;F Cjpak; ,y;iy. mJNghy nghpahu; Jiz ,y;yhjth;f;F

epiyj;j jd;ik ,y;iy.

10. ey;ytu; el;igf; iftpLtJ> gyiug; gifj;Jf; nfhs;tijtpl gd;klq;F jPik

cilajhFk;.

8. nghUs;nray;tif vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ts;Sth; $Wk; tskhh;e;j fUj;Jfisj;

njhFj;J vOJf.

nghUspd; rpwg;G

1. xUnghUl;lhf kjpf;fhjtiuAk; gpwu; kjpf;FkhW nra;tJ nghUs;.

2. nry;tk; ,y;yhiu vy;yhUk; ,fo;tu;. nry;tiu vy;yhUk; rpwg;G nra;tu;.

3. nry;tk; vd;Dk; mizah tpsf;F> mjid cilaUf;F gifik vd;Dk; ,Uisg;

Nghf;Fk;.

nghUsPl;Lk; newp

4. gpwUf;Fj; jPq;fpd;wp ey;topapy; <l;banghUs;> mwj;jpidAk;> ,d;gj;ijAk; jUk;.

5. md;Gk; mUSkpd;wp gpw topapy; tUk; nghUis ePf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

6. muRhpikahy; te;j nghUSk;> kf;fs; thpahfj; je;j nghUSk;> giftiu

ntd;W nfhz;l jpiwg;nghUSk; murDf;FhpajhFk;.




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nghUspd; gad;

7. md;G vd;Dk; jha; ngw;w mUs; vd;Dk; Foe;ij> nghUs; vd;Dk; tsh;g;Gj; jhahy;

Ngzg;gLk;.

8. jd;ifg;nghUs; nfhz;L xUtd; nra;Ak; nrayhdJ> Fd;wpd;Nky; epd;W ahidg;Nghiuf; fhz;gjw;F xg;ghFk;.

9. nghUisg; Nghd;W gifthpd; nrUf;if mWf;Fk; $u;ikahd gilf;fyk; vJTk;

,y;iy.

10. rpwe;j nghUis ey;topapy; <l;batu;f;F mwDk; md;Gk; xUNruf; iff;$Lk;.

1. nrk;nkhopf;Fupa vitNaDk; Ie;J jFjpg;ghLfis tpsf;fp vOJf.

jha;ikr; rpwg;G

jkpo;nkhop jpuhtpl nkhopfSf;F jhahf jpfo;fpwJ. Mapuj;njz;Z}W nkhopfSf;F

Ntu;r;nrhw;fisAk;> E}w;nwz;gJ nkhopfSf;F cwTg; ngau;fisAk; je;Js;sJ. vdNt jkpo; cyf nkhopfSf;nfy;yhk; jha;nkhopahfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

gpwnkhopj; jhf;fkpd;ik

Mq;fpy nkhopapYk;> tlnkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sijg; Nghy; jkpo;

nkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sd. gpwnkhop nrhw;fis ePf;fpdhy; gy nkhopfs; ,aq;fh. Mdhy;> jkpo;nkhop xd;Nw gpwnkhopnrhw;fis ePf;fpdhYk; ,aq;fty;yJ.

,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsk;

cyf ,yf;fpaq;fSs; Kjd;ik ngw;Ws;sit rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;. ,tw;wpd; nkhj;j mbfs; 26>350. mf;fhyj;Nj ,t;tstpw;F tpupthf cUthf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fpaq;fs;> cyfpy; NtW ve;j nkhopapYk; ,y;iy vd;gJ nrf; ehl;L nkhopapay; mwpQu; fgpy;Rtygpy; KbG. jkpopy; ekf;F fpilj;j kpfTk; gioikahd ,yf;fzk; njhy;fhg;gpak;. ,jpy; vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs; Mfpa %d;wDf;Fk; ,yf;fzk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhy;fhg;gpaupd; Mrpupau; mfj;jpau; vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> mzp Mfpa Ie;J ,yf;fzq;fisAk; vOjpAs;shu;.

eLT epiyik

rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,dk;> nkhop> kjk; fle;jit; ,aw;ifNahL ,iae;jit; cyfj;jhu;

Vw;Fk; nghJf; fUj;Jfs; cilait; kf;fs; rpwg;Gld; tho Vw;w fUj;Jfisnkhopgit.

nkhopf; Nfhl;ghL

njhy;fhg;gpau; $Wk; vOj;Jg; gpwg;G Kiwfs; nkhop E}yhiuNa tpag;gpy; Mo;j;Jtd.

,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;Yeu;fSk; Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f topKiwfisj; njhy;fhg;gpak;

ciueil - neLtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 48




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| 33

$WfpwJ vd;ghu; Kidtu; vkpNdh

2. ngz; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilj; Njitfshfg; nghpahh; $wpAs;stw;iwj;

njhFj;J vOJf

ngz;fy;tp> ngz;Zhpik> nrhj;Jhpik> muRg;gzp Mfpad ngz; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd

mbg;gil Njitfshf ngupahu; $Wfpwhu;

ngz;fy;tp

ekJ rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fs; rhu;e;j jiyfPohd xU Gul;rp Vw;gl;lhnyhopa> nghpa

khWjy;fisf; nfhz;L tutpayhJ. ngz;fs; kdpjg; gpwtpfsha; elkhl Ntz;Lkhdhy;

mLg;gq;fiuia tpl;L ntspNaw Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; fy;tp fw;whnyhopa r%fj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;glhJ. Mz;fs; ngz;fis gbf;f itf;f Ntz;Lk;. Muha;r;rpg; gbg;Gk; jhuhskha;f; nfhLf;g;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ngz;fy;tp gw;wp nghpahu; vLj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.

ngz;Zhpik

MZf;Fg; ngz; ,isg;gpy;iy| vd;gij czh;e;J> ngz;fs; jj;jk; fztDf;F kl;Lk;

ciof;Fk; mbikfshf ,uhky;> kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fj; njhz;lhw;Wk; Gfo; ngw;w

ngz;kzpfshf tpsq;fNtz;Lk;.

nrhj;Jhpik

ngz;zbikf;F Kjd;ikahd fhuzk; nrhj;Jhpik ,y;yhjNj vdyhk;. ngz;fSf;F

nrhj;Jhpik nfhLj;Jtpl;lhy;> mth;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk; vy;yhtifahd mbikj;jisfSk;

xope;JNghFk;.

muRg;gzp

midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fSk; muRg; gzpiag; ngw Ntz;Lk;.

murhq;fj;jpd; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ngz;fs; gzpahw;Wk;NghJ> ek; rKjhaj;jpy; Gul;rp Vw;gLk;.

3. ngz; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fj; jilahf cs;sdthfg; nghpahh; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.

Foe;ijj; jpUkzk;> kzf;nfhil> ifk;ik tho;T Mfpad ngz;fs; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F

jilahf cs;sdthf nghpahu; $Wfpwhu;.

Foe;ijj; jpUkzk;

nghpahu; ngz;Zhpikf;F CW tpistpf;Fk; gioa ek;gpf;iffis Vw;f kWj;jhu;.

MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;ifg; gazkh? ,J> rpw;wpy; rpijj;J tpisahLk; gUtj;jpy; ngw;Nwhu; nra;j Ntjid tpisahl;L| vdf; $wp Foe;ijj; jpUkzj;ij ePf;fg; ghLgl;lhu;.




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kzf;nfhil

jkpoh;fspilNa ,d;W gutpAs;s ngUNeha; xd;W cz;L. mJNt kzf;nfhil.

ngw;Nwhu;fs; jdJ kfdpd; fy;tpf;fhf nrytopj;jg; gzj;ij> tPl;bw;F kidtpahf tUgtsplk; ngw epidf;fpd;wdu;. ,e;epiy khw Ntz;Lk;. Mz;fs; nrf;F khLfshf ,y;yhky;> ge;ijaf;Fjpiufshf khw Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwa ,isQu;fspilNa cioj;J Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; tsu Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpwhu;.

ifk;ik tho;T

fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs; kWkzk; nra;J nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;w fUj;jpid

nghpahu; kWj;jhu;. ~fztid ,oe;Njhu; kWkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjpy; jtwpy;iy| vd;W

njhptpj;jhu;.

4. mk;Ngj;fhpd; mUk;gzpfs; Fwpj;Jj; njhFj;njOJf.

mk;Ngj;fu; ek; ehl;bw;fhf nra;j mUk;gzpfs; gy. mtw;Ws; rpytw;iw ,q;F fhz;Nghk;.

Kjy; chpikg; Nghu;

1924 Mk; Mz;L Nfushtpy; itf;fj;jpy; nghpahu; elj;jpa MyaEioT Kaw;rpAk;>

1927 Mk; Mz;L kfhj;Jf; Fsj;jpy; jz;zPu; vLf;Fk; Nghuhl;lKk; kdpj chpikf;fhf

elj;jg;gl;l Kjy; Nghuhl;lq;fs; MFk;.

tpLjiy czh;Tk; tl;lNkir khehLk;

,q;fpyhe;J nrhy;tjw;nfy;yhk; ,e;jpah jiyairf;Fk; vd;gJ jtW@ ,e;jpa kf;fspd;

vz;zq;fis ePq;fs; <Nlw;w Ntz;Lk;| vd;W Mq;fpNyauplk; mr;rkpd;wp $wpdhu;. 1930Mk;

Mz;L eilngw;w tl;lNkir khehl;by;> ~khw;whu; Mjpf;fj;ij ePf;fp> kf;fshy; Msg;gLk;

kf;fshl;rpiaNa ehq;fs; tpUk;GfpNwhk;. vq;fs; iffspy; murpay; mjpfhuk; te;jhnyhopa

vq;fs; Fiwfs; ePq;fh| vd nkhope;jhu;.

rl;lNkij

murpayikg;G rl;lk; tFf;f NeU mikj;j vOth; FOtpypUe;J gyUk; tpyfpdu;.

mk;Ngj;fu; xUtNu me;j xg;gw;w gzpia nra;J Kbj;jhu;.

fy;tp tsu;r;rpapy; mk;Ngj;fu;

mk;Ngj;fh;> 1946Mk; Mz;L kf;fs; fy;tpf; fofj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;. Kk;igapy;> mtuJ

mhpa Kaw;rpahy; cUthd rpj;jhu;j;jh cau;fy;tp epiyaj;jpy; ,d;iwa mwpT tsh;r;rpf;F

Ntz;ba midj;Jg; ghlq;fSk; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

5. mk;Ngj;fh; vj;jifa ,e;jpahit mikf;f tpUk;gpdhu;?




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rhjp ,y;yh rKjhak;

rhjp vd;gJ vy;yhk; ty;y xUtd; fl;lisahy; Njhd;wpajd;W. Fwpg;gpl;l rpy

#o;epiyf;F Ml;gl;l kdpj r%ftho;tpy; jhdhfNt Nt&d;wptpl;l tsu;r;rpahFk;. rhjp

fisag;gl Ntz;ba fis vd;W mk;Ngj;fu; $wpdhu;.

mz;zyhupd; ,yl;rpa r%fk;

mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fu; rpwe;j ,yl;rpathjp. mtu;> ~~Xu; ,yl;rpa r%fk; Rje;jpuk;>

rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; Mfpatw;iw mbg;gilafhf; nfhz;lJ|| vd;whu;.

rdehafk;

rdehafj;jpd; kWngau;jhd; rNfhjuj;Jtk; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ RNal;irahf elkhLk;

chpik vy;yhUf;Fk; vy;yhk; fpilf;Fk; tifapy; vy;yh kdpju;fisAk; xNu khjpupahf

elj;JtNj rkj;JtkhFk;|| vd;W rdehafj;jpw;F mupanjhU tpsf;fk; je;jhu;.

kdpjNeak; cs;s ,e;jpah

rkj;Jtj;jpd; kWngaNu kdpjNeak;. vq;Nf rkj;Jtk; kWf;fg;gLfpwNjh> mq;Nf

kdpjg; gz;G kiwe;JtpLtij mtu; midtUf;Fk; czu;j;jpdhu;. rKjhankd;Dk;Ntiur;

rhjpg; GOf;fs; mupj;Jtplhky; jLj;j er;Rf; nfhy;yp kUe;J mtu;.mwptpd;wp ehLKd;Ndw

KbahJ vd ciuj;jhu;.

6. Nkilg; Ngr;rpd; $Wfis tpsf;Ff.

vLj;jy;> njhLj;jy;> Kbj;jy; vd;gd Ngr;rpd; Kf;$WfshFk;.

vLj;jy;

Nfl;Nghiu tag;gLj;Jk; Kiwapy; Ngr;rpidj; njhlq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. mitapy;

,Ug;Nghiu tpspj;Jr; RUf;fkhd Kd;DiuAld; Ngrj; njhlq;FtNj rpwg;GilaJ. Ngrj;

njhlq;fpa XhpU kzpj;Jspfspy; Ngrg;NghFk; nghUspy; GFe;J tpLtJ ghuhl;Lf;FhpaJ.

njhLj;jy;

nghUis tphpj;Jg; NgRk;Kiw njhLj;jy; vdg;gLk;. md;wyu;e;j kyiu khiyahfj;

njhLj;jy; ,jw;Nfhu; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhk;. gytif kyu;fis ,ilapilNa mikj;J khiyfs;njhLg;gJ ,ay;G. mJNghy Ritkpf;f nrhw;fSk; Fzkpf;f fUj;JfSk; gpizj;Jg; NgRjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Ngr;rpd; mzpfyd;fs;

vz;zq;fis nrhy;Yk; Kiwahy; moFg;gLj;JtNj mzp vdg;gLk;. ,ilapilNa

Nfl;Nghu; Ritf;fj;jf;f ctikfs;> vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;> nrhy;yhl;rpfs;> gy;NtW tifahd




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eilfs;> rpWrpW fijfs; Kjypad mikag; NgRtNj rpwe;j Ngr;rhFk;.

czu;j;Jk; jpwd;

nrhy;yf; fUJk; fUj;ij RitAlDk; epuy;glTk; nrhy;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;. jpwk;glTk;

njspthfTk; nrhy;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;. czu;r;rpAk; Cf;fKk; cilajha; mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Kbj;jy;

Ngr;rpd; RUf;fj;ijf; $wp Kbj;jy;> czh;r;rpiaj; J}z;Lk; Kiwapy; Kbj;jy;> ghuhl;b

Kbj;jy;> nghUj;jkhd ftpijf; $wp Kbj;jy; vd Kbf;Fk; Kiwfs; gy cs;sd.rpwe;j

Ngr;rhsu; vg;gb Kbj;jhYk; moFwNt mikAk;.

7. jpiug;glk; vLj;jYf;Fj; Njitahd Maj;jg;gzpfisj; njhFj;njOJf.

jpiug;glk;

jpiug;glk; Xu; mw;Gjkhd fiy. cyfpy; gy;NtW nkhopfs; ,Ug;gpDk;> kf;fs;

midtUk; vspjpy; Gupe;Jnfhs;Sk; cyfnkhop jpiug;glk;.

fijkhe;ju;fs;

jpiug;glk; vLg;gjw;F Kd;G> fij> ciuahly;> ghly; Kjypad Maj;jk; nra;ag;gLk;.

fij khe;ju;fs; Njh;T nra;ag;gLtu;. gpd; mtu;fSf;F Vw;w cilfs; tbtikf;fg;gLk;.

Jiz ebfu;fs; Njh;T nra;ag;gLtu;.

,af;Feu;

ebg;ghw;wiy vLj;Jf;$wpr; rpy Neuq;fspy; jhNk ebj;Jk;> glj;ij KOikahf

tbtikg;gtiu ,af;Feu; vd;gu;.

jpiug;glr;RUs;

jpiug;glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; glr;RUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ.

glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; RUs;> vjpu;r;RUs; vdg;gLk;. xyp>xspg;gjpTfisj; jdpj;jdpg;

glr;RUs;fspy; mikg;gu;.

glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtp

glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtp mire;jhy; glk; njspthf njhpahJ. vdNt cWjpahd caukhd

,lj;jpy; mf;fUtpiag; nghUj;jpLtu;. rpyu; efu;j;Jk; tz;bapy; nghUj;JtJk; cz;L.

xypg;gjpT

xyp miyfs; kpd; mjpu;Tfshf khw;wg;gl;L xUtif tpsf;fpDs; nrYj;jg;gLk;.

mk;kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpw;F jf;fthW tpsf;fpd xsp khWk;. ,t;nthsp> glr;RUs; tpspk;gpYs;s




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| 37

gFjpapy; tpOe;J> mq;F m/J xypg;ghijiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;.

jpiug;glf; fhl;rpg; gjpT

xspxypg;glf;fUtp vd;Dk; fUtp jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;lg; gad;gLfpwJ.

,ijg; gad;gLj;jp kpfTk; njspthf jpiug;glk; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

8. njhopw;fy;tp> njhopy;El;gf;fy;tp Fwpj;J tphpthf vOJf.

njhopw;fy;tp

kUj;Jtk;> nghwpapay;> Ntshz;ik> rl;lk; Kjypait njhopw;fy;tpj; Jiwfs;.

Nkepiyf;fy;tpapy; cau; kjpg;ngz; ngw;Nwhu; ,j;Jiwfspy; Nru;e;J gapy;tu;. ,g;ghlg;gphptpy; gbj;J Kbj;jtu;fSf;F mtutu; jFjpf;Nfw;g cs;ehl;bYk; ntspehl;bYk; gzpGhpAk; tha;g;Gz;L.;jw;NghJ capupj;njhopy;El;gj;Jiw> Ez;zpay; njhopy;El;gj;Jiw Mfpa ,uz;Lk; tsu;e;J tUk; njhopy;El;gj;JiwfshFk;. Rw;Wr;#oy;> Ntshz;ik> kUj;Jtk; Kjypa JiwfSk; Ntiytha;g;Gj; Jiwfshf tpsq;fp tUfpd;wd.

njhopy; El;gf; fy;tp

gj;jhk; tFg;G Njh;r;rp ngw;wtu;fs;> jhk; ngw;w cau;kjpg;ngz;fSf;F Vw;g gy;njhopEl;gf;

fy;Y}upfspy; Nru;e;J gapyyhk;. nghwpapay; Jiwapy; cs;sJNghyg; gy;NtW Jiwfs;

,jpYk; cz;L. Nky;epiyf;fy;tpapy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wtu;fs;> ,ilepiy Mrphpau; gapw;rp ngw;W ,ilepiy Mrpupau;fshf gzpapy; Nruyhk;. NkYk; nrtpypau;> $l;LwTg; gapw;rp ngw;W Ntiy tha;g;Gfisg; ngwyhk;.

9. fiy> mwptpay; fy;tp> rpWnjhopy;fy;tp Fwpj;J tpthpf;f.

fiy mwptpay; fy;tp

Nky;epiyf; fy;tpapy; Njh;r;rp ngw;Nwhu; fiy> kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}upfspy; Nru;e;J

gapyyhk;.

gl;lq;fs;:

jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;> Ntjpapay;> tpyq;fpay;> jhtutpay;> nghUspay;> tuyhW> fzf;Fg;gjptpay;> fzpg;nghwpapay; Kjypag; ghlg;gphpTfspy; ,sq;fisg; gl;lKk; mjd;gpd;du;> KJfiyg; gl;lKk; ngwyhk;.

gl;ljhup Mrpupau;gzp

gl;lk; ngw;Nwhu; fy;tpapay; fy;Y}upapy; Nru;e;J ,sk; fy;tpapay; gl;lk; ngw;Wg;

gl;ljhup Mrpupau; gzpiag; ngwyhk;.

gpw Ntiytha;g;Gfs;

gl;lk; ngw;wtu;fs; jkpo;ehL muRj; Nju;tizak;> eLtzuRj; Nju;thizak;> tq;fpj;Jiw




Page

| 38

MAs; fhg;gPl;Lj;Jiw> njhlu;tz;bj;Jiw Kjypaj;Jiwfs; elj;Jk; Nghl;bj;Nju;tpy; ntw;wpg; ngw;W Ntiy tha;g;Gfisg; ngwyhk;. jkpo; topapy; gapy;NthUf;F muRg;gzpapy; ,UgJ tpOf;fhL ,lxJf;fPL toq;fp jkpof muR Mizapl;Ls;sJ.

rpWnjhopy; fy;tp

gj;jhk; tFg;G Nju;r;rp ngw;wtu;fs;> ngwhjtu;fs; njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq;fspy; Nru;e;J

Xuhz;L my;yJ <uhz;L gapw;rp ngw;W gzpapy; Nruyhk;.

gbg;Gfs;

fk;kpau;> filry;gpbg;gtu;> fl;ll tiuthsu;> epy msitau;> jr;ru; Kjypa gbg;GfSk;>

,ae;jpuk;> thfdk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp> Fsp&l;Lk; fUtp> nry;Ngrp> fzpdp Kjypatw;iwg;

gOJ ghu;f;Fk; gbg;GfSk; cs;sd.

Ra Ntiy tha;g;G

,g;gbg;Gfisg; gbj;jtu;fs; Ntiyf;fhf fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy. Ranjhopy;njhlq;fp

Ntiy tha;g;gpidg; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;s ,aYk;.

chpa tpil Njh;e;njLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.

tpdh vz; 1 Kjy; 10 tiu

1. tisay; ,r;nrhy;ypy; Ifhuk;--------------- khj;jpiu Fiwe;J xypf;fpwJ. tpil: xU

2. <w;wpy; Ifhuk; Fiwe;J te;j nrhy--------------- MFk; tpil: jpz;iz

3. gy;+jPJ vd;gJ -------------- vdg; GzUk; tpil: g/wPJ

4. FWf;fq;fs; Ifhuf;FWf;fk;> xsfhuFWf;fk;> --------------- Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vd ehy;

tifg;gLk; tpil: kfuf;FWf;fk;

5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ik nra;jhs;. ,j;njhliur; nrag;ghl;L tpidahf khw;Wk;

NghJ> nghk;ik--------------- nra;ag; --------------- vd tUk; (G+q;Foypahy;> gl;lJ)

6. mofd; ghlk; vOJfpwhd;>,j; njhlhpy; Xh; vOtha; --------------- nfhz;L Kbe;jhy;

--------------- njhlh; MFk; (XU gadpiyia> jdpepiy)

7. md;gurd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd; ,j;njhlh; gpwtpidahf khWk; NghJ> md;gurd;

jpUf;FwisvdtUk; (fw;gpj;jhd;)

8. xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; jUtJ --------------- tpil: jdpnkhop

9. njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy; --------------- tpil: tpidr;nrhy;

10. tpidKw;W --------------- > --------------- vd ,Utifg;gLk;

tpil: njhpepiy tpidKw;W>Fwpg;G tpidKw;W




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11. Xh; vr;rtpid --------------- nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk; tpil: ngaiuf;

12. ,stofd; te;jhd; ,J --------------- njhlh; tpil: ntspg;gil

13. khL‟ vd;Dk; nrhy; --------------- MFk;. tpil: m/wpizg; nghJ;

14. khL fd;iw <d;wJ ,j;njhlhpy; khL vd;gJ --------------- Fwpf;Fk; tpil: gR

15. xU nghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; nrhw;fisNa-----vd;gh; tpil: xU nghUl; gd;nkhop

16 xU nghUl; gd;nkhopf;Fr; rhd;W --------------- tpil: cah;e;Njhq;fp

17. tpdh --------------- tifg;gLk;. tpil: MW

18. tpil--------------- tifg;gLk;. tpil: vl;L

19. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F „e{NPa nra‟; vdf;$WtJ------------tpil tpil: Vty;

20. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F „iftypf;Fk;‟ vdf;$WtJ----------cWtJ $wy;

21. Mlj;njhpAkh? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;Fg; ghlj;njhpAk; vdf;$WtJ --------------,dnkhop

22. ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh? vdf; filf;fhuhplk; Nfl;gJ --------------- tpdh tpil: nfhsy;

23. khd; --------------- kUSk; ghh;it (chpa ctk cUig vOJf) tpil: Nghy

24. kyud;d Nrtb- ,r;nrhy;ypy; mike;Js;s ctk cUG --------------- tpil: md;d

25. njhif ctikfis tphpAtikahf khw;Wf

m.kjpKfk; M.gtstha; tpil: kjpNghd;w Kfk;> gtsk; Nghd;wtha;

26. tphpAtikfisj; njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf

m) fay;Nghd;w tpop> M) fpsp Nghd;w nkhop tpil: fay;tpop> fpspnkhop

27. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg;ngaNuhL gpw jpirfs; te;J NrUk;NghJ ---------------------

m. epiynkhop <W ePq;Fk; M. epiynkhop<Wk;>nka;Ak; ePq;Fk;

,. tUnkhop Kjy;nfLk;. tpil: epiynkhop<Wk;>nka;Ak; ePq;Fk;

28. Nkw;F + ehL vd;gJ ---------------------vdr;NrUk; tpil: NkdhL

29. fUik+Fop vd;gJ ---------------------vDk; tpjpfspd;gb GzUk;. tpil: <WNghjy;>,dkpfy;

30. kuNtu; ---------------------Gzu;r;rpahFk;. tpil: kfu <w;Wg;

31. mfk;>Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ---------------------,yf;fzk; MFk; tpil: nghUs; ,yf;fzk;

32. FwpQ;rp>Ky;iy Kjypa Ie;Jk; ---------------------vdg;gLk; tpil: md;gpd; Ie;jpiz

33. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa epyg;gFjp --------------------- gFjpahFk; tpil: flYk; fly; rhh;e;j

34. ahkk; vd;gJ ,uT 10.00 kzp Kjy; ---------------------tiu MFk; tpil: ,uT 2.00 kzp

35. kUjk;>nea;jy;>Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk; ---------------------ngUk;nghOJfSk; tUk; tpil: MW




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36. jpUkhy;----------epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; tpil: Ky;iy

37. kzKoh>ney;yhpfpiz Mfpa ,uz;Lk_; ------------ jpizf;Fhpa giwfs; tpil: kUj

38. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa njhopy; ---------------------MFk; tpil: kPd;gpbj;jy;>cg;G tpisj;jy;

39. nghUs; ,yf;fzk; --------------------- tifg;gLk; tpil: ,uz;L

40. mfj;jpizfs; ---------- tifg;gLk; tpil: VO

41. khh;fop>ij Mfpa ,uz;Lk; --------------------- fhyj;jpw;Fhpad tpil: Kd;gdp

42. kUj epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; --------------------- tpil: ,e;jpud;

43. ghiy epyj;jpw;Fhpa gwitfs; ---------------------tpil: Gwh>gUe;J

44. Gwj;jpizfs; ---------------------tifg;gLk; tpil: gd;dpuz;L

45. epiu fth;jy; vd;gJ--------------------- tpil: ntl;rp

46. kz;zhir fUjpg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ_--------------------- tpil: tQ;rpj;jpiz

47. ghlhz; jpiz vd;gJ ---------------------$WtJ tpil: Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfs;

48. xU jiyf; fhkk; vd;gJ---------------------tpil: iff;fpis

49. jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w> khw;wurNdhL vjph;j;Jg; NghupLtJ--------------MFk;tpil: fhQ;rp

50. cyF‟ vd;Dk; nrhy; ntz;ghtpy; <w;wbapd; <w;Wr; rPuhapd; mjd; tha;g;ghL

---------------------MFk; tpil: gpwg;G

51. ey;yit‟ - ,r;nrhy;iy myfpl;lhy; ---------------------vdg; gphpAk; tpil: Neh;epiu

52. Nehpir Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;wayb ---------------------tUk; tpil: Kr;rPuha;

53. Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;Wr;rPh; ---------------------KbtJ rpwg;G tpil: Vfhuj;jpy;

54. Nehpir ntz;gh ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;W ---------------------tpfw;gj;jhDk---------------tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUk; tpil: xU> ,U

55. ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;Wg; gy tpfw;gj;jhd; tUtJ --------------------- MFk;

tpil: ,d;dpir ntz;gh

51. ntz;ghtpd; Xir --------------------- MFk; tpil: nrg;gNyhir

52. Mrphpag; ghtpd; NtW ngah; --------------------- MFk; tpil: mftw;gh

53. Mrphpag; ghtpd; Xir --------------------- MFk; tpil: mftNyhir

,yf;fz Fwpg;G nrhw;fSf;fhd rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;:

1. Ifhuf;FWf;fq;fs;:

Kjypy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1. Ik;gJ> 2. Ig;grp> 3. Ie;J

,ilapy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1. jiytp > 2. tisay;> 3. jiytd;




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;<w;wpy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1 fliy 2. jpz;iz 3. Rig

2. xsfhuf; FWf;fq;fs;: 1.xsit 2.ntsthy; 3.nksdk; 4.nfsjhhp 5.xsljk; 6.nksty; 3. Ma;jf; FWf;fk;: 1. f/wPJ 2. K/BJ

4. kfuf; FWf;fk;: 1. Nghd;k; 2. kUz;k; 3. tUk; tz;b 4. jUk; tstd;

5. %tif nkhopfs;: 1. jdpnkhop: 1. th 2. fz; 3. nra;jhd;

2. njhlh;nkhop: 1. glk; ghh;j;jhd; 2. G+tpop te;jhs; 3. gRTk; fd;Wk; Nka;e;jd

3. nghJ nkhop 1. gyif 2. itif 3. jhkiu 4. Ntq;if 5. me;jkhd; 6. vl;L

6.; XnuOj;njhUnkhop: 1. G+ 2. if 3. jh 4. th 5. jP 6.Nfh 7. I

7. njhpepiy tpidKw;W

1.,uhkd; te;jhd; 2.fz;zd; ele;jhd; 3.mUsuR te;jhd; 4.tstd; ele;jhd; 5.cOjhd;

8. Fwpg;G tpidKw;W:

1. nghd;dd; 2. tpOg;Guj;jhd; 3. rpj;jpiuahd; 4. fz;zd; 5. ey;yd; 6. cotd;.

9. njhpepiyg; nganur;rk;: 1. gbj;j fay;tpop 2. nrd;w Nfhij 3. gbf;fpd;w fay;tpop

4.nry;fpd;w Nfhij 5.gbf;Fk; fay;tpop 6.nry;Yk; Nfhij7.te;j igad; 8.cz;l,sq;Nfhtd;

10. Fwpg;Gg; nganur;rk; 1. ey;y igad;2. ey;y khztd;

11. vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;: 1. cz;zhj ,sq;Nfhtd; 2. jPa khztd;

12. njhpepiy tpidnar;rk;: 1. gbj;J te;jhd; 2. ghlf; Nfl;lhd; 3. Xbr;nrd;whd;

4. Ngha;g; ghh;j;jhd; 5. gbj;Jj; Njwpdhd;6. gbf;fr; nry;fpwhd; 7. gbj;J tUthd;

13. Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;: 1. nky;yg; Ngrpdhd; 2. Nehapd;wp tho;e;jhd;

14. Kw;nwr;rk;: 1. fay;tpop te;jds; ghbds; 2. KUfd; gbj;jdd; Njwpdd;

3. ee;jpdp te;eds; Nghapds;

15. ntspg;gil 1. fy;> kz;; 2. jkpo;ehL jiyrpwe;jJ

Fwpg;G 1. jkpo;ehL Kjyplk 2. ,Uth; Foe;ij ngw;wdh;

16. xd;nwhopg; nghJr;nrhy;

1. Ith; Nfhykpl;ldh; (ngz;fs;) 2. Ith; Nghh;f;fsk; nrd;wdh; (Mz;fs;)

3. ,k;khL taypy; cOfpwJ. (fhis) 4. ,k;khL ghy; fwf;Fk; (gR)

5. khL fd;iw <d;wJ (gR) 6. Ith; Fq;Fkk; ,oe;jdh; (ngz;fs;)

17. ,dq;Fwpj;jy;: 1. ntw;wpiy jpd;whd; 2. NrhW cz;lhd;

18. mLf;Fj; njhlh; 1. md;Nwh md;Nwh 2. Ngh Ngh 3. vwp vwp 4. tUf tUf 5. jP jP jP 6. nehe;Njd; nehe;Njd; 7. Nfhb Nfhb Nfhb 8. ghk;G ghk;G 9. th th th




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19. ,ul;ilf; fpstp 1. glgl 2. fyfy 3. ryry 4. klkl 5. flfl

20. xUnghUl;gd;nkhop: 1.cah;e;Njhq;fp 2. kPkpir 3. Fope;jho;e;J 4. xUjdp 5. eLikak; 6. thbtjq;fpa

21. tphpAtik njhifAtik 1.Njd;Nghd;w nkhop Njd;nkhop 2. gtsk; Nghd;w tha; gtstha;

22. Gzh;r;rp 1. ,ay;G Gzh;r;rp – nghd ; + tisay; = nghd;tisay;

2. tpfhug; Gzh;r;rp - thio + gok; = thiog;gok; (Njhd;wy;)

kuk;; + Nth; = kuNth; (nfLjy;) nghd ; + Flk; = nghw;Flk; (jphpjy;)

3. jpirg;ngah; Gzh;r;rp 1. tlfpof;F 2. tlNkw;F 3. njd;Nkw;F 4. njd;fpof;F 5. fPo;ehL

6. NkdhL 7. njd;fpof;F 8. tlkiy

4. gz;Gg; ngah;Gzh;r;rp 1. fUtpop 2. nghpad; 3. ghrpiy 4. igq;$o;

5. rpw;Nwhil 6. Nrjhk;gy; 7. fUq;Fapy; 8. ntw;wpiy 9. nre;jkpo; 10. nrk;nkhop

11. %J}h; 12. fUk;gyif

5.kfu<w;Wg; Gzh;r;rp 1. kutb 2. tl;lf;fy; 3. epyq;fle;jhd; 4. kuNth;

23. ck;ikj;njhif: 1. ntw;wpiy ghf;F 2. ,uhg;gfy; 3. jha;je;ij

24. vz;Zk;ik: 1. NjUk; jpUtpohTk;2. jhAk; NrAk; 3. fgpyUk; guzUk;

25. tpidj;njhif: 1.nra;njhopy; 2.#o;foy; 3.cFePh; 4.tphpfly; 5.nghq;Ffly; 6.Fsph;jkpo;

26. gFjpia vLj;njOJf. 1. ele;jhd; - el 2. cOjhd; - cO 3. te;jhd; - th

4. gbj;jhd; - gb 5. ebj;jhh; - eb 6. Nfl;l - Nfs;

27. ,ilepiyfs;:

1. j;>l;>w;>,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;.

1. te;jhd; - j; 2. cz;lhd; - l; 3. epd;whd; - w; 4. ghbdhd; - ,d;

2. fpW> fpd;W> Mepd;W - epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfs;

1. tUfpwhd; - fpW 2. gbf;fpd;whd; - fpd;W 3. elthepd;whd; - Mepd;W

3. g;> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;: 1. cz;ghd; - g; 2. tUthd; - t;

4. M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy: 1. nra;ahjhd; 2. nra;ahd;

5. j; - vOj;Jg; NgW 1. $Wjp.

28. tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp: (f>, >,a>,ah;) 1. tho;f2. thop 3. thopa 4. thopah;

29. chpr;nrhy; njhlh;:

(1. rhy> jt> edp> cW> fop> $h;> kh> jl> fb> fsp>) 1. edped;W 2. jlf;fhp 3. khkiy

30. msngilfs;:




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1. Mm> Xx - nra;Aspir - njhohms;> Xxjy;

2. Cc - ,d;dpir - nfLg;gJ}ck;

3. <>,> I, - nrhy;ypir - joP,a> cudir,

31. <Wnfl;l vjph;kiw nganur;rk; - M|1.ngha;ah tpsf;F 2.va;jhg; gop 3. Njuh kd;dh

32. tpidahyizAk; ngah; - mh;> md;> ms;

1. te;jth; 2. nrd;wtd; 3. Gbats

1. ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F

1. XnuOj;J xUnkhopapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;

if + jb = ifj; jb

ij + nghq;fy; = ijg; nghq;fy;

2. <Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rj;jpd; gpd; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

Nfsh+ nrtp = Nfshr; nrtp Xlh + Nju;= Xlhj; Nju;

2. ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F

1. ck;ikj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.

fha; + fdp = fha;fdp jha; + je;ij = jha;je;ij

2. ,ul;ilf;fpstpapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. flfl> klkl> rlrl

3. tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.

1. ngW - ngw;W 2. gb - gbj;J 3. el - ele;J 4. nra; - nra;J

5. XL - Xb 6. grp - grpj;J 7. gpup - gpupj;J

4. nganur;rkhf;Ff.

1. ngW - ngw;w 2. gb - gbj;j 3. el - ele;j 4. nra; - nra;j 5. XL - Xba

5. ctikaia cUtfkhf;F.

ctik - cUtfk;

1. mKjnkhop nkhopaKJ 2. faw;fz; fz;fay; 3. Njd;jkpo; jkpo;j;Njd;

4. G+tpuy; tpuy;G+ 5. kjpKfk; Kfkjp 6. kyub mbkyh; 7. Kj;Jg;gy; gy;Kj;J

8. tpw;GUtk; GUttpy; 9. kyh;g;ghjk; ghjkyh; 10. gtstha; tha;g;gtsk;

11. fay;tpop tpopf;fay; 12. fdptha; tha;f;fdp

6. gFjpia vLj;njOJf.

1. ele;jhd; - el 2. cOjhd; - cO 3. te;jhd; - th 4. gbj;jhd; - gb 5. ebj;jhh; - eb 6. Nfl;l - Nfs; 7. fz;lhd; - fhz; 8. nfhz;lhd; - nfhs; 9. nra;jhd; - nra;




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7. thf;fpa khw;wk;.

1. fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lJ - czu;r;rpj; njhluhf khw;W

me;Njh! fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lNj !

2. jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwptu;. - tpdhj;njhluhf mikf;f.

jpUf;Fwis mwpahjtu; csNuh ?

3. ,kakiy kpfTk; caukhdJ - czu;r;rpj;njhluhf khw;Wf.

vd;Nd! ,kakiyapd; cauk;!

4. New;W Gay; tPrpaJ@ kuq;fs; rha;e;jd.

New;W Gay; tPrpajhy; kuq;fs; rha;e;jd.

5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ik nra;jhs; - nraghl;L tpidahf khw;W

nghk;ik G+q;Foypahy; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

6. vopyd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;gpj;jhd; - gpwtpidahf khw;W

vopyd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd;.

8. njhlu;fs; vt;tifahdit

1. gprpuhe;ijahu;> el;Gf;F ,yf;fzkhfj jpfo;rpwhu; - nra;jpj; njhlu;

2. Foe;ijia mbj;jJ ahu;? - tpdhj; njhlu;

3. ek; ehl;Lf; nfhb jiyikahrpupauhy; Vw;wg;gl;lJ. - nraghl;L tpid

4. taypy; MLfs; Nka;e;jpy - vjpu;kiw

5. fhe;jpabfs; cz;ik Ngrhky; ,uhu;. - nghUs; khwh vjpu;kiw

9. cupa kuGr;nrhy;iy Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf.

1. vq;fs; gs;spf;Fr; Rw;Wr; Rtu; ------------------ (vOg;gg;gl;lJ/fl;lg;gl;lJ)

2. ghujpahu; nra;Ais ------------------ (gbdhu;/,aw;wpdhu;)

3. Ntld; ------------------ (va;j/nrYj;jpa) mk;G ahidia tPo;j;jpaJ.

4. khwd; Xtpaj;ij------------------ (tiue;jhd;/Gide;jhd;)

5. me;j rpw;gk; xNu fy;ypy; ------------------ (tbf;fg;gl;lJ/nrJf;fg;gl;lJ) 10. njhifr; nrhy;iy tpupj;njOJf.

1. Kf;fdp - kh> gyh> thio

2. ,Utpid - ey;tpid> jPtpid - jd;tpid> gpwtpid

3. ,Ujpiz - cah;jpiz> m/wpiz- mfj;jpiz> Gwj;jpiz

4. Kj;jkpo; - ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk;




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5. Kg;ghy; - mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;

6. %tplk; - jd;ik> Kd;dpiy> glh;f;if

7. %Nte;jh; - Nruh;> Nrhoh;> ghz;bah;

8. ehw;wpir - fpof;F> Nkw;F> tlf;F> njw;F

9. ehdpyk; - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;

10. Ie;jpiz - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy

11. Ik;ghy; - Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;> gyh;ghy;> xd;wd;ghy;> gytpd;ghy;.

12. Ik;Gyd; - njhL czh;T> cz;zy;> Efh;jy;> fhzy;> Nfl;ly;

13. Ik;nghwp - nka;> tha;> %f;F> fz;> nrtp

11. xUik gd;ikg; gpio ePf;fp vOJf.

1) fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gytu;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jhd;.

fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gytu;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jdu;

2) ngz;fs; ngwNtz;baJ ngz; fy;tp> ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik.

ngz;fs; ngwNtz;bait ngz; fy;tp> ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik.

3) ,g;NghJ mtu; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jJ

,g;NghJ mtu; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jd.

4. taJ te;Njhu;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; thf;Fupik nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd mk;Ngj;fu;

$wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jJ.

taJ te;Njhu;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; thf;Fupik nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd mk;Ngj;fu;

$wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jd.

5. Gytu;fs; nghq;fw; GJ ehs;fspd; khz;gpid czu;e;J nfhz;lhbdhu;.

Gytu;fs; nghq;fw; GJ ehspd; khz;gpid czu;e;J nfhz;lhbdu;.

6. Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfNs capu; ehb Nghd;wJ.

Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfNs capu; ehb Nghd;wit.

7. <];l;kd; vd;ghu; glr;RUs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;.

<];l;kd; vd;ghu; glr;RUs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jhu;.

8. ,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpd;wJ.

,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpd;wdu;

9. fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jJ.

fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jd.




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10. jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jd.

jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jJ.

11. Xu; ,sk;ngz; Ehnyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;.

Xu; ,sk;ngz; Ehnyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.

12. kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; Nghjh.

kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ.

14. jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sJ.

jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sd.

15. ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; XlhJ ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; Xlh.

16. mtd; ftpQd; my;y mtd; ftpQd; my;yd;.

17. ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J my;y. ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J md;W.

12. re;jpg;gpio ePf;fp vOJf.

1.Mz;fis NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muR gzp midj;J JiwfspYk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;

Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muRg; gzp midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;if gazkhk; .

MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;ifg; gazkhk; .

3. Mrpupau; ngaiu jk; ngaUld; Nru;j;J gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fuhf khwpdhu;

Mrpupau; ngaiuj; jk; ngaUld; Nru;j;Jg; gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fuhf khwpdhu;

4. ViofSf;F nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;W je;jhu;.

ViofSf;Fg; nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;Wj; je;jhu;.

5. Nkil Ngr;R kpFe;j gaid juty;yJ. Nkilg; Ngr;R kpFe;j gaidj; juty;yJ.

6. kf;fis ,yl;rpa ghijapNy mioj;J nry;Yk; td;ikAilaNj NkilNgr;R.

kf;fis ,yl;rpag ; ghijapNy mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; td;ikAilaNj Nkilg ; Ngr;R

7. jpiuglk; vLf;f gad;gLk; glRUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ.

jpiug;glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; glr;RUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ.

8. jpiuglk; kf;fis jd;ghy; <u;j;J fl;b Nghlty;yJ.

jpiug;glk; kf;fisj; jd;ghy; <u;j;Jf; fl;bg; Nghlty;yJ.

9. kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuG nry;tkhf jkpo;nkhop tpsqFfpwJ

kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuGr; nry;tkhfj; jkpo;nkhop tpsq;FfpwJ

10. jkpopy; tuyhw;W fUj;JfisAk;, gz;ghl;L $WfisAk; fhz KbAk;




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jkpopy; tuyhw;Wf ; fUjJ; fisAk,; gz;ghl;Lf; $WfisAk; fhz KbAk; .

11. ts;syhu; mUspa topfis fil gpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.

ts;syhu; mUspa topfisf; filg; gpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.

12.mwpT Xspngw mq;Nf Nrhjp juprd GJikia GFj;jpdhu;.

mwpT Xspngw mq;Nfr; Nrhjp juprdg; gJikiag; GFj;jpdhu;.

13. ifnjhopy; xd;iw fw;W nfhs;. ifj;njhopy; xd;iwf; fw;Wf;nfhs;.

14. ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ij nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk;, fly; fle;J nry;y

$lhnjdTk; $wpte;jdu;.

ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ijg; nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk,; fly; fle;J nry;yf;

$lhnjdTk; $wpte;jdu;.

13. fPo;f;fhZk; njhlupYs;s t*r;nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf.

1.tyJ gf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj. - tyg;gf;fr; Rtupy; vOjhNj.

2. mtd; tPz; rpyT nra;fpwhd; - mtd; tPz; nryT nra;fpwhd;.

3. vfd nkhfdaha; NgrhNj - vJif Nkhidaha; NgrhNj

4. mtd; Ntg;gpiy gwpj;jhd; - mtd; Ntg;ge;jio gwpj;jhd;.

5. vd; crpu; ePjhNd - vd; capu; ePjhNd

6. fhiyapy; eh\;lh rhg;gpl;lhah? - fhiyapy; rpw;Wz;b rhg;gpl;lhah?

8. Ntu;it rpe;j cisf;f Ntz;Lk; - tpau;it rpe;j ciof;f Ntz;Lk;.

9. jk;gp ,q;fpl;L th - jk;gp ,q;F th

7. Mj;jq;fiu mUfhikapy; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpaJ.

Mw;wq;fiu mUfhikapy; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpaJ.

8. ,d;df;fp xU fpNyh mtuf;fh thq;fp te;Njd;.

,d;iwf;F xU fpNyh mtiuf;fha; thq;fp te;Njd;.

14. ctk cUig vLj;J vOJf.

1. fpspNghyg; Ngrpdhs; - Nghy 2. Nta;Giu Njhs; - Giua

3.jhnahg;gg; NgRk; kfs; -xg;g 4.KoT cwo; jlf;if – cwo 5.kyud;d Nrtb - md;d

6. fhak; %o;F kfsph;fz; khDk; jhkiu - khd

7. ghk;gpd; ite;Jzp fLg;g - fLg;g 8. kpd;dpw;F ,iaa kpspUk; - ,iaa

9. nghd;Neh; GJkyh; - Neh; 10. fz;nzhL epfh;f;Fk; fopg;G+q;Ftis - epfh;

11. ahopd; ,d;d ,d;nrhy; - ,d;d 12. mk;G Edp Va;g;g mUk;gpa ,Ug;ig - Va;g;g




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15. gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;F cupa jkpo;r;nrhw;fis vOJf.

1. ,iwtid Nehf;fp ahj;jpiu nry;yy; gf;jUf;fhd khu;f;fk;.

,iwtid Nehf;fpg; Gdpjg; gazk; nry;yy; mbahUf;fhd top.

2. N\j;jpuq;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W tpf;fpufq;fis topgLf.

Nfhapy;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W nja;tj;jpUTUtq;fis topgLf.

3. ,e;j \ru;l; kpfTk; fh];l;ypahdJ. ,e;j rl;il kpfTk; tpiy cau;e;jJ.

4. ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nkl;rpy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf tpd; nra;Ak;.

ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf ntw;wp ngUk;.

5. ehd; ,e;j fhNy[pd; Xy;l; ];Llz;l;.ehd; ,e;jf; fy;Y}upapd; Kd;dhs; khztd;.

6. Ntyd; Ranjhopypy; mjpf yhgk; <l;bdhd;

Ntyd; jd;nrhe;j njhopypy; kpFe;j tUtha; <l;bdhd;

7. me;j tpQ;Qhdpapd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ

me;j mwptpay; mwpQhpd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ

8.midtiuAk; cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;s jiyth;miog;GtpLj;jhh;.

midtiuAk; cz;zh Nehd;G Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;sjiyth; miog;GtpLj;jhh;.

9. mtu; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j epGzu;.

mtu; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j ty;Yeu;.

10. myq;fupj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp.

xg;gid nra;J nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp.

16. ,U nghUs; jUf.

1. MW - top> vz;> ejp 2. jpq;fs; - khjk;> epyT> jpq;fl;fpoik

3. khiy - G+khiy> khiyg;nghOJ 4. eif - mzpfyd;> Gd;dif

5. nka; - cly;> cz;ik 6. Ey; - Gj;jfk;> gQ;R E}y; 7. fiy - Mz;khd;> fy;tp

8. gb - thapw;gb> Gj;jfk; gb 9. kjp - mwpT> epyT

17. xypkuG

1. ML fj;Jk; 11. Me;ij myWk; 2. vUJ vf;fhykpLk; 12. fhfk; fiuAk;

3. Fjpiu fidf;Fk; 13. fpsp NgRk; 4. Fuq;F myg;Gk; 14. Fapy; $Tk;

5. rpq;fk; Koq;Fk; 15. $if FoWk; 6. ehp CisapLk; 16. Nfhop nfhf;fhpf;Fk;

7. Gyp cWKk; 17. Nrty; $Tk; 8. ahid gpspWk; 18. Gwh FDFk;

9. G+id rPWk; 19. kapy; mfTk; 10. vyp fPr;rpLk; 20. tz;L KuYk;




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18. nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw;Fwpapl;L vOJf.

1. rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;T tho;Nthk; rl;lk; ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;

rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk;; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;T tho;Nthk;;;; rl;lk;

ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;.

2. fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg;glq;fs; nra;jpg;glq;fs; tpsf;fg;glq;fs;

fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ

fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg;glq;fs;> nra;jpg;glq;fs;>

tpsf;fg;glq;fs;> fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;r;rp epiyfisj;

jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ.

19. kuGj; njhlUf;fhd nghUs; vOJf.

1. Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gaph; - ePz;l fhyj;jpw;fhpaJ.

2. vLg;ghh; ifg;gps;is - jd;rpe;jidapd;wp nrhy;gth; Ngr;irf; Nfl;L elg;gth;

3. Vl;Lr;Riuf;fha; fwpf;FjthJ - gl;lwptpy;yhj gbg;G

4. mtiy epidj;J cuiy ,bj;jy; - vz;zKk; nraYk; xj;Jtuhik

5. Kjiyf; fz;zPh; - ngha;aOif

6. mtruf;FLf;if - vz;zpj; Jzpahjhh;

7. Mfhaj; jhkiu - ,y;yhj xd;W

8. fk;gp ePl;ly; - nrhy;ypf; nfhs;shky; nry;yy;

9. jhsk; NghLjy; - vijr; nrhd;dhYk; mg;gbNa Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;

10. fhdy; ePh; - ,Ug;gJ Nghy; Njhd;Wk; Mdhy; ,uhJ

11. gQ;rha;g; gwj;jy; - miye;J jphpjy;.

12. Fl;br;Rth; - gadpd;wp ,Uj;jy;

13. nfhl;basj;jy; - kpFjpahfg; NgRjy;

14. gRkuj;jhzp - Mog;gjpjy;

15. thioab thio - guk;giu guk;giuahf

16. nfhbfl;b - jdpg;GfNohL tpsq;Fjy;

20. ctikfisr; nrhw;nwhlupy; mikj;J vOJf.

1. Mapuq; fhyj;Jg; gapu; jpUkzk; vd;gJ Mapuq; fhyj;Jg; gapu;.

2. Kjiyf; fz;zPu;.

fhtyuplk; gpbgl;l jpUld;> ehd; jpUltpy;iy vd Kjiyf;fz;zPu ; tbj;jhd; .




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3. gRkuj;jhzp Nghy

,sikapy; ehk; fw;Fk; fy;tp gRkuj;jhzp Nghy kdjpy; Mokhfg; gjpAk;.

4. mbaw;w kuk;Nghy

je;ijia ,oe;j FLk;gk; mbaw;w kuk;Nghy MdJ.

5. cs;sq;if ney;ypf;fdpg;Nghy

vq;fs; Mrpupau; jpUf;FwSf;F mspj;j tpsf;fk; cs;sq;if ney;ypf; fdpg;

Nghy njspthf tpsq;fpaJ.

6. Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l tpsf;Fg;Nghy

ehk; mwptpy; rpwe;jtu;fshf tsUk;NghJ ekJ Gfo;> Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l

tpsf;Fg;Nghy cynfq;Fk; xsp tPRk;.

21 . I. nghUj;Jf

1.Ifhuf;FWf;fk; - m. K/BJ

2.xsfhuf;FWf;fk; - M. jiytd;

3.Ma;jf;FWf;fk; - ,. Nghd;k;

4.kfuFWf;fk; - <. ntsthy; tpil:- 1-M> 2-<> 3-m> 4-,

II. nghUj;Jf

1. ntspg;gilr; nrhw;fs; - m. NrhW cz;lhd;

2. Fwpg;Gr;nrhy; - M. fy;>kz;

3. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; - ,. ,Uth; Foe;ij ngw;wdh; tpil :- 1- M> 2- ,> 3-m

III. nghUj;Jf

1. mwptpdh - m. tUthah? vdpy; thNud; vd;gJ

2. Vty;tpil - M. cz;lhah?vdpy; tapW typf;Fk; vd;gJ

3. kiwtpil - ,. ,jidr; nra;thah? vdpy; ePNa nra; vd;gJ

4. cWtJ $wy; - <.„„,jd; nghUs;ahJ” vd Mrphpah;khzthplk; Nfl;Gj

tpil:- 1-<> 2-,> 3-m> 4-M

IV. nghUj;Jf

1. <W Nghjy; - m. ntw;wpiy

2. Mjp ePly; - M. nre;jkpo;

3. ,dkpfy; - ,. nrk;nkhop




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4. jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; - <. %J}h; tpil:- 1-,> 2-<> 3-M> 4-m

V. nghUj;Jf

1. FwpQ;rp - m. Kay;>khd;

2. Ky;iy - M. Gyp>fub

3. kUjk; - ,. Kjiy>Rwh

4. nea;jy; - <. vUik>ePh;eha; tpil:- 1-M> 2-m> 3-<> 4-,

VI. ,sikg; ngah;fisg; nghUj;Jf.

1. ML - m. fd;W

2. khd; - M. gps;is

3. fPup - ,. Fl;b

4. rpq;fk; - <.FQ;R

5. Nfhop - c.FUis tpil :1-,> 2-m> 3-M> 4-c> 5-<

VII. nghUj;Jf.

1. kapy; - m. fiuAk;

2. $if - M. fj;Jk;

3. ahid - ,. FoWk;

4. fhfk; - <. mfTk;

5. ML - c. gpspUk; tpil :1-<> 2-,> 3-c> 4-m> 5. M

FWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz; 21 Kjy; 27 tiu

1. Ifhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff?

nkhop Kjy; >,il>fil Mfpa %tplq;fspy; tUk; “Ifhuk;” jd; khj;jpiu

mstpypUe;JFiwe;J xypg;gJ Ifhuf; FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.

(v-L) Ik;gJ – nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; te;J xd;wiu khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.

jiytd; – nrhy;Yf;F ,ilapy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.

fliy – nrhy;Yf;F <w;wpy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.

2. xsfhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; tUk; xsfhuk; jdJ ,uz;L khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J

xd;wiw khj;jpiu mstha; xypf;Fk; rhd;W: xsit> ntsthy;

3. nrhy; vd;why; vd;d?




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Xh; vOj;J jdpj;J epd;Nwh> gy vOj;Jf;fs; njhlh;e;J epd;Nwh nghUs; jUtJ

nrhy; vdg;gLk;.

4. nkhopapd; tiffs; ahit?

nkhop %d;W tifg;gLk; mit jdpnkhop>njhlh;nkhop>nghJnkhop vd;gitahFk;.

5. nghJnkhop vd;why; vd;d? rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.

xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU nghUisAk;> mr;nrhy;Ny gpw nrhw;fSld; njhlh;e;J

epd;W NtW nghUisAk; je;J jdpnkhopf;Fk; njhlu; nkhopf;Fk; nghJtha; miktJ.

rhd;W: me;jkhd; - jPT> me;j khd; : tpyq;F

6. Kw;nwr;rk; vd;why; vd;d?

xU tpid Kw;Wr; nrhy; vr;rg;nghUspy; te;J kw;nwhU tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L

KbtJ Kw;nwr;rk; vdg;gLk;. (v.L) ee;jpdp te;jds;> Nghapds;.

7. njhpepiy tpidKw;Wr; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff?

nra;gtd;>fUtp>epyk;>nray;>fhyk;>nra;nghUs; vd;Dk; MwidAk;

ntspg;gilahff; fhl;LtJ njhpepiytpidKw;whFk;

(v.L) cotd; taiy cOjhd;

nra;gtd; - cotd; fUtp - fyg;ig epyk; - tay; nray; - cOjy;

fhyk; - ,we;jfhyk; nra;nghUs; - ney;

8. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d? v.fh. jUf.

xU nrhy;> jd; nghUisAk; Fwpj;Jj; jdf;F ,dkhd nghUisAk; Fwpj;J

tUtJ ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vdg;gLk;. (v.fh) fjpu;Nty; ntw;wpiy jpd;whd;.

9. mLf;Fj; njhlh; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff?

mirepiyf;Fk;> tpiuT> rpdk;> kfpo;r;rp> mr;rk;> Jd;gk;> Kjypa nghUs;

epiyf;Fk; nra;Aspy; ,iria epiwT nra;tjw;Fk; ,uz;L>%d;W>ehd;F Kiw

mLf;fp tUtJ mLf;Fj; njhlh; MFk;.

(v.L) 1. tho;f! tho;f! - kfpo;r;rp 2. ghk;G! ghk;G! - mr;rk;.

11. tpdh vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?

tpdh MWtifg;gLk; mit>

mwptpdh>mwpahtpdh>Iatpdh>nfhsy;tpdh>nfhiltpdh>Vty;tpdh-vd;gitahFk;.

12. Ia tpdhtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

jdJ Iaj;jpidg; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf tpdtg;gLk; tpdh Ia tpdh.




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v.fh. mq;Nf fplg;gJ ghk;Ngh? fapNwh?

13. nfhsy; tpdhtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

xU nghUis thq;Fk; nghUl;L Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdh nfhsy; tpdh.

v.fh. gUg;G cs;sjh? vd tzpfuplk; tpdTk; tpdh.

14. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mitahit?

vl;L tifg;gLk; mit>

1. Rl;Ltpil 2. kiwtpil 3. Neh;tpil 4. Vty;tpil 5. tpdhntjph;

tpdhjy;tpil 6. cw;wJ ciuj;jy;tpil 7. cWtJ $wy;tpil8. ,dnkhoptpil.

15. ntspg;gilahf nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpil tiffs; ahit?

Rl;L> kiw> Neu; Mfpad ntspg;gilahf nghUs; czu;j;Jk;.

16. Fwpg;ghy; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpil tiffs; ahit?

Vty;> tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy;> cw;wJ ciuj;jy;> cWtJ $wy;> ,dnkhop Mfpa

Ie;Jk; Fwpg;ghy; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpilfs;.

17.cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

~~,J nra;thah? || vd tpdtpaNghJ ~clk;G nehe;jJ| vd jdf;F cw;wij

$WtJ> cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpil.

18.cWtJ $wy; tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

~~,J nra;thah? || vd tpdtpaNghJ ~if typf;Fk;| vd jdf;F tug;Nghtjid

$WtJ> cWtJ $wy; tpil.

19. ,dnkhop tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

~~MLthah?|| vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F ~ghLNtd;| vd MLtjw;F ,dkhd

ghLtjidf; $wtJ> ,dnkhop tpil.

20.xU nghUl; gd;nkhop vd;why; vd;d?vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf?

nghUl; rpwg;Gf;fhf xU nghUisf; Fwpf;f gy nrhw;fs; tUtJ xU nghUl;

gd;nkhopahFk;. (v.fh) 1.eLikak;> 2. kPkpir QhapW

21. ctk cUGfs; ahit ?

Nghy>Giua>xg;g> cwo> md;d>,d;d vd;gd ctk cUGfshFk;.

22. nrk;ik + nkhop vt;thW GzUk;?

1. nrk;ik + nkhop = nrk;nkhop

2. ~<WNghjy; tpjpg;gb| ik nfl;L nrk;nkhop vd;W Gzh;e;jJ.




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23. ntw;wpiy Gzh;r;rp tpjp $Wf.

1. ntw;wpiy - ntWik +,iy

2. ntW + ,iy - <WNghjy;

3. ntw; +,iy - capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;.

4. ntw;w; +,iy - jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;.

5. ntw;wpiy - cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

24. Kjw;nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ?

epyKk; nghOJk; Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.

25. fUg; nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ?

me;je;j (Itif) epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk;> kf;fs;> czT> tpyq;F> Kjypa

nghUs;fs; fUg;nghUs;fs; MFk;

26. Gwj;jpizfs;:

1. ntl;rp - epiufth;jy; 2. fue;ij - epiu kPl;ly; 3. tQ;rp - gifNkw; nry;yy;

4. fhQ;rp - vjph; epw;wy; 5. nehr;rp - kjpy; fhj;jy; 6. copiQ - kjpy; tisj;jy;

7. Jk;ig - mjpug;nghUjy; 8. thif - nrUntd;wy;

9. ghlhz; - Mz; kfdpd; xOfyhW 10. nghJtpay; - midj;J jpizfSf;Fk; nghJthdJ 11. iff;fpis - xUjiyf;fhkk; 12. ngUe;jpiz - nghUe;jhf;fhkk;

29. Gwj;jpiz vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?

Gwj;jpiz gd;dpuz;L tifg;gLk;> mit

1. ntl;rpj;jpiz 2.fue;ijj;jpiz 3.tQ;rpj;jpiz 4.fhQ;rpj;jpiz

5. nehr;rpj;jpiz 6.copiQj;jpiz> 7.Jk;igj;jpiz 8.thifj;jpiz

9. ghlhz;jpiz 10.nghJtpay;jpiz 11.iff;fpisj;jpiz 12.ngUe;jpiz

27. kjpy;Nghu; gw;wpa Gwj;jpizfs; ahit? 1. nehr;rp> 2. copiQ

28. vjpu; vjpu; jpizfs; ahit?

ntl;rp - fue;ij tQ;rp - fhQ;rp nehr;rp - copiQ

29. ehy;tifg; ghf;fs; ahit?

ntz;gh>Mrphpag;gh>fypg;gh>tQ;rpg;gh vd “gh”ehy;tifg;gLk;.

30. ntz;ghtpd;tiffs;ahit?

ntz;gh MWtifg;gLk; mit>

1. Fws;ntz;gh 2. Nehpirntz;gh 3.,d;dpirntz;gh 4. g/nwhil ntz;gh




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5. Nehpirr;rpe;jpay;ntz;gh 6. ,d;dpirr; rpe;jpay;ntz;gh vd;gitahFk;.

31. Mrphpag;ghtpd;tiffs; ahit?

1. Nehpir Mrphpag;gh 2. ,izf;Fws;Mrphpag;gh 3. epiykz;by Mrphpag;gh

4. mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh

rpWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz; : 28 Kjy; 30 tiu

1. ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzj;ij $Wf?

1. <w;wb Kr;rPuha; Vida mbfs; ehw;rPuha;tUk;.

2. ,aw;rPh;(khr;rPh;>tpsr;rPh;) ntz;rPh; (fha;rPh;) tUk; gpw rPh;fs;tuhJ.

3. ,aw;rPh; ntz;lisAk; (khKd;epiu tpsKd;Neh;) ntzrPh; ntz;lisAk;

(fha;Kd;Neh;)tUk; gpw jisfs;tuhJ.

4. <w;wbapd; <w;Wr;rPh; ehs;>kyh;>fhR>gpwg;G vd;Dk; Xuir tha;ghLfSs; xd;W

nfhz;LKbAk;.

5. nrg;gNyhir ngw;WtUk;.

6. ,uz;lb Kjy;>gd;dpuz;L mbtiu tUk;.

2. mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;ghtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;L je;J tpsf;Ff.

Mrphpag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W> vy;yh mbfisAk; Kd;gpd;dhf

khw;wpg;gbj;jhYk; XirAk;>nghUSk; khwhJ tUtJ mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh vdg;gLk;.

(v.L) jha;nkhop tsh;j;jy; jkpoh; jk; flNd

tha;nkhop Guj;jy; kw;wth; flNd

jha;nkhop jtph;j;jy; fw;wth; flNd

Ma;nkhop Aiuj;jy; mwpQh;jq; flNd

,g;ghlypy; cs;s mbfis Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wpdhYk; ghlypd; XirAk; nghUSk;

khwhky; tUfpd;wJ.

3. jw;Fwpg;Nw;w mzp:

mzp tiuaiw :jd; + Fwpg;G + Vw;wk; = jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk;. ,ay;ghf epfOk;

epfo;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpQh; jk; Fwpg;gpid Vw;wpf; $WtJ jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp.

rhd;W: NghUoe; njLj;j Mnuapy; neLq;nfhb

thuy; vd;gdNghy; kwpj;J iffhl;l”

tpsf;fk;:




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,ay;ghd epfo;T.: kJiu kjpy; kPJ fhw;wpy; nfhb mirjy;.

jw;Fwpg;G: kJiuapd; kjpy; Nky; cs;s nfhb> kJiuf;F tUk; NfhtyidAk;

fz;zfpiaAk; ghh;j;J> ,q;F te;jhy; jPq;F tpisAk; tuhjPH; vd;W

kwpj;Jf; ifiaf; fhl;LfpwJ.

nghUj;jk;: fhw;wpy; nfhb mirtJ ,ay;G. ftpQd; ~kJiuf;F tuhjPH;| vd;Wf;

ifia mirf;fpwJ vdf; $Wtjhy; ,J jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.

4.tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp:

mzp tiuaiw:

Gfo;tJ Nghy gopj;jYk; gopg;gJ Nghy Gfo;tJk; tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp.

rhd;W: Njth; midah; fath; mtUe;jhk;

Nktd nra;njhOf yhd;.

tpsf;fk;: (Gfo;tJ Nghy gopj;jy;)

Gfo;jy;: fath;fs; Njth;fSf;F xg;ghth;.

gopj;jy;: fath;fs; jk; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; jPa nray;fisr; nra;gth;.

nghUj;jk;: fath;fisj; Njth;fSf;F xg;ghdth;fs; vdg; Gfo;e;J $wp>

mth;fs; jk; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; jPa nray;fisr;

nra;gth;fs; vdg; gopj;Jf; $wpajhy; ,J tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rpmzp.

5.nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp:

mzp tiuaiw:

nra;Aspy; Kd;dh; te;j nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J XNu nghUisj; jUtJ

nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpahFk;.

rhd;W: jPait jPa gaj;jyhy; jPait

jPapDk; mQ;rg; gLk;.

tpsf;fk;: jPa nray;fs;> jk;ik nra;jtDf;Fj; jPik jUtjhy;>

mit jPia tpl mjpfkhf mQ;rj;jf;fitahFk;.

nghUj;jk;: jPa vd;Dk; nrhy; jPik vd;Dk; xNu nghUspy; gyKiw te;Js;sJ.

vdNt ,J nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpahFk;

6.myfpl;L tha;g;ghL tha;ghL $Wjy;

Fwpg;G: 1. nka;naOj;jpd; gf;fj;jpy; / FwpapLjy;




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2. neby; gf;fj;jpy; / FwpapLjy;

3. ,U Fwpy; mLj;J / FwpapLjy;

4. xw;W kw;Wk; Ma;j vOj;ij ePf;fp> Xh; vOj;J ,Ug;gpd; Neh; vdf;nfhs;f.

,uz;L vOj;J ,Ug;gpd; epiu vdf; nfhs;f.

,t;tpjpiag; gpd;gw;wp fPo;f;fz;l Fwl;ghitg; gphpj;Jf; fhz;Nghk;. va;jw; fupa jpiae;jf;fhy;> me;epiyNa nra;jw; fupa nray;

Jizg;ghlf; fl;Liufs; - tpdh vz; 31 Kjy; 33 tiu

1. ghpjpkhw;fiyQh;

jkpo; gw;W:

kJiuapy; ehd;fhk; jkpo;r;rq;fk; itf;f Kad;wtu;fSs; ghpjpkhw;fiyQUk;xUtu;.

aho;g;ghzk; rp.it.jhNkhjudhu; ,tuJ jkpo;g;Gyika fz;L jpuhtpl rh];jpup

vd;Dk; gl;lj;ij toq;fpdhu;.

R+hpaehuhazrh];jpup vd;Dk; tlnkhopg; ngaiu khw;wp gupjpkhw;fiyQu; vdj;

jdpj;jkpopy; ngau;#l;lbf;nfhz;lhu;.

kzpg;gpuths eil jkpo;j;jha;f;F kpsfhiag; Nghd;w vhpr;riyj; jUk; vd;whu;.

jkpo;j;njhz;L

1902Mk; Mz;L jkpio tpyf;fp tlnkhopiaf; nfhz;L tUk; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd;

Kbit vjpu;j;jhu;.

Ughtjp fyhtjp vd;Dk; ehlfj;ij ,aw;wp mjpy; ebj;jhu;.

QhdNghjpdp vd;Dk; ,jio elj;jpdhu;

nre;jkpo; vd;Dk; ,jopy; cau;jdpr; nrk;nkhop vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;> jkpopd;

ngUikfis vOjpdhu;.

eLtzuR ghpjpkhw; fiyQUf;F mQ;ry;jiy ntspapl;L rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.

2. nky;y nky;y kw

Kd;Diu:

fkyehjd; Xaky; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; jPa gof;fj;ij cilatd;. fkyehjdpd; kidtp Nfhfpyh. fztdpd; Gifg; gof;fj;ij khw;w Nfhfpyh vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; midj;Jk; Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; fkyehjd; vt;thW kdk; khwpdhd; vd;gijg; gw;wp fhz;Nghk;.




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Nfhfpyhtpd; mwpTiu

kUj;Jtkidf;F nrd;W te;j Nfhfpyh> Gifg; gof;fj;jpdhy; Gw;W Neha; tUk; vd;W kUj;Jth; $wpajhf fkyehjDf;F $Wfpwhs;. kidtp $wpaij kWj;j fkyehjd; Gifg;gof;fj;jpypUe;J jd;id khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbahJ vd;W Kbthf $wptpLfpwhd;. ,uhkypq;fj;jpd; kuzk;

fkyehjdpd; ez;gd; ,uhkypq;fKk; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; gof;fk; cilath;. mutJ Gifg; gof;fj;jpdhy; Rthrg; ig Gw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhu;. ,ij mwpe;j fkyehjd; kdk; fyq;fpdhd;. ,Wjpahf ,uhkypq;fk; kuzkilfpwhu;.

rpahkyhtpd; epiy

rpahksh fztid ,oe;J ntWk; fOj;Jk;> ntwpr;Nrhba new;wpAkhf ,Ue;jhs;.mtsJ Foe;ijfs; mtsplk; „mg;gh vg;gkh tUthU” vd;W Nfl;ld. ,ij fz;l fkyehjd; kpfTk; kdk; fyq;fpdhd;.

fkyehjdpd; kd khw;wk;

ez;gdpd; kuzk; fkyehjid kpfTk; ghjpj;jJ. ,dp Gifg; gpbf;Fk; gof;fj;ij rpwpJ rpwpjhf khw;wpf; nfhs;tjhf Nfhfpyhtplk; $Wfpwhd;. NfhfpyhTk; fztdpd;

Kbit Nfl;L kpfTk; kdk; kfpo;fpwhs;.

3. md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lq;fs; (vitNaDk; ,uz;L kl;Lk;)

Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;

ngw;Nwhu; jk; tWikiag; Nghf;f Foe;ijfis Ntiyf;F mDg;Gfpd;wdu;. gbf;Fk; tajpy; Foe;ijfs; Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijg; ngw;W mjpfkhf ciof;fpd;wdu;. ,e;epiyia khw;w murhy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lNj Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;.

Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lq;fs;

re;ijapy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk; nghUs;fspy; vj;jifa FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk;> ePjpkd;wq;fisNah Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gf; FOitNah mZfpj; jPu;T fhzyhk;. ,jw;nfd jdp ePjpkd;wq;fs; cs;sd. Efu;Nthu; chpikfisg; ghJfhf;fr; rl;lq;fs; gy cs;sd.

jfty; mwpAk; chpikr; rl;lk;:

murpay; rhrdj;jpd; 19 (1)MtJ gpuptpd;gb Fbkf;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; KOikahd Ngr;Rhpik> vOj;Jhpik cz;L NkYk;> mjw;Fhpa jfty;fis ngwTk; KO chpik cz;L. ,e;jpa Fbkf;fs; jdpahfNth Xu; mikg;gpd; %ykhfNt jfty; mwpAk; chpikr; rl;lk; 2005 gpupT 6,d;gb jfty; ngwyhk;. nghJj;jfty; mYtyhplk; gj;J c&gha; nrYj;jp tpz;zg;gpf;f




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Ntz;Lk;. tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; cs;sth;fs; fl;lzk; nrYj;j Njitapy;iy.

4. ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhkr;re;jpud;

gpwg;G

ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhr;re;jpud; ,yq;ifapYs;s fz;bapy; 1917 Mk; Mz;L rdtupj; jpq;fs; 17Mk; ehs; NfhghyNkdd; rj;aghkh ,izaUf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;jhu;.

jpiug;glj; Jiw

ehlfq;fspy; ebj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j ,uhkr;re;jpud;> jpiug;glj;Jiwapy; <Lgl;L ebf;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;. jdJ mauhj ciog;ghy; cau;epiyia mile;jhu;.

murpay;

mwpQu; mz;zhthy; ftug;gl;l vk;.[p.Mu;. murpaypy; <Lgl;L Vio kf;fspd; kdjpy; kf;fs; jpyfk; vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;whu;. mwpQu; mz;zh ,tiu ,jaf;fdp vdg; Nghw;wpdhu;. 1972 Mk; Mz;L jhkpUe;j ,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpg; Gjpa fl;rpiaj; njhlq;fpdhu;.

jkpofj;jpd; Kjy;tu;.

1977 Mk; Mz;L jkpofr; rl;lkd;wj; Njh;jypy; ngw;wp ngw;W Kjy;tuhdhu;. ngUe;jiytu; fhkuhru; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa kjpa czT jpl;lj;ij midj;Jg; gs;spfSf;Fk; toq;fpdhu;. ,e;jpa muR ,tUf;F ghuj uj;dh tpUJ toq;fp rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.

5. Fwl;il xyp

njd;gFjpapy; xU FLk;gKk;> tlgFjpay; xU FLk;gKk; ,Ue;jd.

njd;gFjp FLk;gk;

fztd;> kidtp> MW Foe;ijfs;> xU ghl;b> xU eha; vd;W ngupa Viof;

FLk;gk;. vg;nghOJk; Foe;ijfspd; Muthuk; ,Uf;Fk;.

tlgFjp FLk;gk;

fztd;> kidtp vd ,Utu; kl;LNk thOk; nghpa FLk;gk;. ,Uky;> Vg;gk; jtpu NtW ve;j xypAk; ,y;iy.

njd;gFjp FLk;gKk; eha;Fl;bfSk;

Vioapd; kidtp Vohtjhf xU Foe;ijia <d;nwLj;jhs;. rpy ehspy;> eha;Fl;bAk; Ie;J Fl;bfis <d;wJ. mLj;j %d;whk; ehs; ntspNa nrd;w eha; jpUk;gtpy;iy. eha;Fl;bfs; grpahy; fj;jpd.




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Vioj;jhapd; fUiz

grpahy; fj;jpa eha;f;Fl;bfSf;F jd;Dila ghiyNa gQ;rpapy; eidj;Jj; je;J grpNghf;fpdhs;. eha;f;Fl;bfspd; xyp mlq;fpaJ. Vg;g xyp te;j jpirapypUe;j Ful;il xyp tuj; njhlq;fpaJ.

6. E}yfk;.

E}yfj;jpd; Njhw;wk;

kf;fs; jk; vz;zq;fshy; ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ,yf;fzq;fSk; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. mt;thW Njhd;wpa E}y;fs; midtUf;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf nghJ E}yfq;fs; jpwf;fg;gl;ld.

E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fs;

Gj;jfr;rhiy> Vlfk;> Rtbafk;> Rtbr;rhiy> thrfrhiy> gbg;gfk;> E}y;epiyak;> gz;lhuk; vd;gd E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fshFk;.

nghJ E}yfj;Jiw

nghJ kf;fs; midtUk; gad; ngUk; tifapy; Cu;NjhWk; E}yfq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. 1948Mk; Mz;L jkpof muR nrd;idg; nghJ E}yfr; rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp> E}yfj;jpd;

rPwhd ,af;fj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;lJ.

gs;sp E}yfk;

gs;sp khztu;fs; gad;ngWk; tifapy; gs;spapNyNa ~~Gj;jfg; G+q;nfhj;J|| vd;Dk;

tFg;giw E}yfk; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.

E}yfKk; gaDk;

,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> jpwdha;T> mwptpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> fzpdp> tuyhW> nghJ mwpT vd gy;Jiw E}y;fSld; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; E}yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. mtw;iw tPl;bw;F vLj;J nrd;W gbf;Fk; trjpAk; cs;sJ. khztu;fs; E}yfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp jq;fsJ gy;Jiw mwpitAk; tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fis jkpohf;fk; nra;f - tpdh vz;: 34(m)

1. lhb tu;w rz;Nl vdf;F gu;j; Nl. gl; ePq;f ,d;Dk; vdf;F gu;j;Nl bu];vLf;ftpy;iyNa> ntha; lhb? vd;Ndhl gpuz;l;i]nay;yhk; tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;ypf; fhy; gz;zpapUf;fpNwd;.||

mg;gh tUfpw Qhapw;Wf; fpoik vdf;F gpwe;j ehs;. Mdhy; ePq;f ,d;Dk;

vdf;F gpwe;j ehs; Mil vLf;ftpy;iyNa> Vd; mg;gh? vd;Ndhl ez;gu;fisnay;yhk;




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tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;yp mioNgrpapy; mioj;jpUf;Nfd;|

2. RNu\; thl; N`g;gz;l; ? Vd; Nyl;lh tu;Nw ? topapNy xNu buhgpf; [hk;lh mjdhyjhd; Nyl;> rup rup g]; vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;? bf;fl; fpilr;rjh?

g]; nld; ju;l;bf;F tUk; yh];l; tPf;Nf upru;t; nra;jhr;R.

RNu\; vd;d Mapw;W? vd; jhkjkha; tu;Nw ?

topapNy xNu Nghf;Ftuj;J neupry;lh> mjdhyjhd; jhkjk;> rup rup NgUe;J

vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;? gazr;rPl;L fpilr;rjh? NgUe;J gj;J Kg;gJf;F tUk;. nrd;w thuNk Kd; gjpT nra;jhr;R.

Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fSf;F ,izahdj; jkpo; nrhw;fs;

\rhg;gpq; - filf;F ntha; lhb - Vd; je;ijNa ? fhy; - miog;G

Nlhd;l; nthup - ftiyg;glhNj tpf;fpufq;fs; - nja;tr; rpiyfs; khu;fk; - top

ahj;jpiu - Gdpjg; gazk; \rh;l; - Nkyhil fh];l;yp - tpiy cah;e;jJ

Xy;l; ];Llz;l; - Kd;dhs; khztd; thl; `hg;gz;l - vd;d Mapw;W

Nyl; - jhkjk; buhgpf; [hk; - Nghf;Ftuj;J nehpry; bf;fl; - gazr; rPl;L

yh];l; tPf; - fle;j thuk; uprh;t; - Kd;gjpT bgd; - rpw;Wz;b A+dpghu;k; - rPWil

Ngd; - kpd; tprphp nry;Nghd; - miyg;Ngrp

Mq;fpy ciug;gFjpiaj; jkpohf;fk; nra;f tpdh vz; 35(m)

1. Trees are very useful to us.They give us timber and firewood. The timber is used to

make chairs, tables and other furniture. We get oil from the oil seeds of some trees. The

leaves and fruits of some trees are used to prepare medicines.

Kuq;fs; ekf;FkpfTk; gadspf;fpd;wd. mit ekf;F

kuf;fl;iliaAk;>tpwifAk; jUfpd;wd. ehw;fhypfs;> Nkirfs; kw;Wk; gytifahd

fiyg;nghUl;fs; nra;a kuf;fl;ilfs; cjTfpd;wd. rpy kuq;fspd; tpj;Jf;fspy;

,Ue;J vz;nza; fpilf;fpwJ. rpy kuq;fspd; ,iyfs;> fdpfs; Mfpait

kUe;Jfs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpd;wd.

2. Early to bed and earlly to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. The early

riser has more time and energy to prepare for the day”s work than the late riser. Besides,

he finds himself fresh and brisk. Early morning is the most suitable time for study. As the

mind is fresh, even a difficult is made easy.

gpd; J}q;fp> Kd; vOjy; vDk; gof;fk; XUtid cly;eyKilatdhf>




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nry;tKilatdhf> mwpT cilatdhf Mf;Fk;. jhkjkha; vOgtid tpl

mjpfhiyapy; vOgtDf;F md;whl Ntiyfisf; ftdpf;f mjpf NeuKk;>

rf;jpAk; fpilf;fpwJ. mtd; jd;idg; Gj;Jzh;r;rp cilatdhfTk; RWRWg;G

cilatdhfTk; czh;fpwhd;. mjpfhiy NeuNk kpfTk; cfe;jjhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

rpj;jk; njspthf ,Ug;gjhy;> fbdkhd ghlg;gFjp$l vspjhf MfptpLfpwJ.

3. The television is one of the wonders of modern India. Many useful programs on

education, health, agriculture and family planning are specially prepared for rural viewers.

Interesting dramas and films are shown at regular intervals. The television is also used for

commercial advertisements.

njhiyf;fhl;rp jw;fhy ,e;jpahtpd; mw;Gjq;fspy; xd;whFk;. fy;tp> eytho;T>

Ntshz;ik> FLk;geyk; Nghd;w gad;jUk; gy epfo;r;rpfs;> ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fSf;fhfNt

jdp ftdpg;Gld; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mh;tKld; ghh;f;fj;jf;f ehlfq;fSk;>

jpiug;glq;fSk; Fwpg;gpl;l ,ilntspfspy; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tzpf

tpsk;guq;fSf;Fk; njhiyf;fhl;rp gad;gLfpwJ.

4. Food is essential for all living beings. Without food man cannot live long. Every

man has to eat a certain quantity of food. If he eats less than that quantity his health will fail

and he will fall ill. So, everyman has to eat enough food to live.

vy;yh capupdq;fSf;Fk; czT ,d;wpaikahjJ. cztpd;wp kdpjd;

neLehs; tho KbahJ. Xt;nthUtUk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT czit cz;z

Ntz;Lk;. Fiwe;j msT czT cly;eyj;ijg;ghjpg;gNjhL> Neha;tha;glTk;

VJthFk;. MfNt xt;nthUtUk; caph;thoj; Njitahd msT czT cz;z

Ntz;Lk;.

5. Gandhiji loved and respected truth more than anything else. He fought his whole

life to uphold the value of truth. From his experiment with truth, he came to know that there

could not be a God other than truth. He taught us that our thought, word and deed should

on truth. He preached what he practised.

fhe;jpabfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl Nkyhf tha;ikia Nerpj;jhh;> kjpj;jhh;.

tha;ikapd; kjpg;ig epiyehl;l jd; tho;ehs; KOJk; Nghuhbdhh; .




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tha;ikAld;jhd; epfo;j;jpa Ma;Tfspy; ,Ue;J> tha;ikiaj;jtpu NtW nja;tk; ,y;iynad;W fz;lhh;. ekJ vz;zk;> nrhy;> nray; ,k;%d;Wk; xd;whfNt

,Uf;f NtzLk; vd;W fw;gpj;jhh;. jhk; nrhy;tijNa nraypYk; fhl;bdhh;.

6. Library is a place for reading books. There will be a librarian in each library. He

takes care of all the books in English and Tamil. It also has books on Science, Economics

and commerce. There are newspapers and magazines in tamil and English. We Can

read them there silently . It is a place for silent reading. Books can be borrowed for two

weeks from the library. It is useful for everyone.

E}yfk; Gj;jfq;fs; gbg;gjw;fhd ,lkhFk;. xt;nthU E}yfj;jpYk; xU E}yfh; ,Ug;ghh;. mth;> E}yfj;jpYs;s midj;J Gj;jfq;fisAk; ftdkhfg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;thh;. Mq;fpyk; kw;Wk; jkpo; fijg;Gj;jfq;fs; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. mwptpay;> nghUspay;> tzpftpay; Gj;jfq;fSk;$l mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. Mq;fpyk; kw;Wk; jkpopy; Gjpa ,jo;fs; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. mJ mikjpahfg; gbg;gjw;nfd;Nw cs;s ,lkhFk;. E}yfj;jpypUe;J Gj;jfq;fis ,uz;L thuq;fSf;F ,utyhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. E}yfk; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; gad;glf;$ba xd;whFk;.

,izahd jkpo;g;gonkhopfis vOJf - tpdh vz;: 35(M)

1. Health is Wealth. -Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;

2. Too much of anything is good for nothing-msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mkph;jKk; eQ;rhFk;

3. No pain No gain- Ciog;gpd;wp Cjpakpy;iy

4. Haste makes Waste-gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;

5. Knowledge is Power -mwpNt Mw;wy;

6. Covet all lose all- Nguhir Nghpog;G

7. Diamonds cut diamonds- Ks;is Ks;shy; vL

8. East or West, Home is the best.- vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk;.

8. Empty vessals make the greatest sound.- FiwFlk; jSk;Gk;.

9 .Money makes many things.- gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;.

10. Old is gold.- goikNa gRk;nghd;.

11. Prevention is better than cure.- tUKd; fhg;gJ Nky;.

12. Little strokes fell great oaks- mbNky; mb mbj;jhy; mk;kpAk; efUk;.

13. Tit for tat- gopf;Fg;gop




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fijia epiwT nra;jy; my;yJ ftpij - tpdh vz;: 36

(gs;sp> kio> Foe;ij> fly;> el;G> Kaw;rp> md;id> ,aw;if)

17. gh eak; ghuhl;ly; - tpdh vz; : 37 kdp;jnuyhk; md;Gnewp fhz;gjw;Fk;

kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tphpt ile;J

jdpkdpj jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fpr;

rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzh;t jw;Fk;

,dpjpdpjha; vOe;jcah; vz;z nky;yhk;

,yFtJ Gyth;jU Rtbr; rhiy

GdpjKw;W kf;fs; GJtho;T Ntz;by;

Gj;jf rhiyNtz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;

jpuz;l fUj;J:

kf;fspilNa md;Gnewp tsh;tjw;Fk;> tphpe;j kdg;Nghf;F Vw;gLtw;Fk;> jd;dy

Nehf;F jfh;tjw;Fk;> vy;NyhUk; Xhpdj;jth; vd;W czh;tjw;Fk;> cah; vz;zq;fs;

cUthtjw;Fk;> GdpjKw;W kf;fs; tho;tjw;Fk;> ehl;by; Gj;jfrhiy Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;.

nghUs; eak;:

“kf;fs; Gdpjkhd tho;T tho> md;G tphpe;j kdg;ghd;ik> jd;dykpd;ik> Xhpdk; vd;W czu> cah; vz;zk; cUthf ehnlq;Fk; Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk;” vd;fpwhh; ghujpjhrdhh;.

nrhy;eak;:

jd;dy kdg;ghd;ikia kf;fs; jfh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij tpsf;f “jdpkdpj

jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fp” vd;w nrhw;fspdhy; eak;gl $Wfpwhh; ghNte;jh;.

Nkhid: Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ Nkhid.

rhd;W : kdpjnuyhk; ….. kNdhghtk;

,dpjpdpjha; ….. ,yFtJ

GdpjKw;W ….. Gj;jfrhiy

vJif: ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ vJif

rhd;W : kdpjnuyhk;_jdpkdpj_,dpjpdpjha;_GdpjKw;W

,iaG: ,Wjp vOj;Njh>mirNah> rPNuh xd;Wgl;L tUtJ ,iaG




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rhd;W : Ntz;by; …… ehl;by;

re;jeak;:

,g;ghlypy ; “vz;rPh;f; fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh” gapdW; te;Js;sjhy;

„mftNyhir‟ epuk;g eaj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mzp:

gue;J tphpe;j thdj;ijg; Nghy kf;fspd; kdk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ftpQh;

$wpAs;sjhy; ,g;ghlypy”; ctik mzp” gapdW; teJ; ss; J.

jiyg;G: Gj;jf rhiy

gbtk; epug;Gjy; - tpdh vz;: 38

tq;fpapy; gzk; vLj;jy;> tq;fpapy; gzk; nrYj;Jjy;> njhlu;tz;b Kd;gjpT

Nghd;w gbtq;fis epug;g gapw;rp nra;aTk;.

tho;f;ifj;jpwd; tpdh vz;: 39

tpz;zg;gk; vLJjy; - tpdh vz;: 40

1. NgUe;J trjp Ntz;bg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fof Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feh;f;Ff; $l;L

tpz;zg;gk; vOJf.

2. FbePh; trjp Ntz;b xd;wpa MizaUf;Ff; $l;L tpz;zg;gk; vOJf.

3. ePtph; fz;Lfspj;j ,lk; Fwpj;J cd; ez;gDf;Ff; fbjk;.

4. gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; nghJj; Njh;tpy; Kjy; kjpg;ngz; ngw;w cd; ez;gidg;ghuhl;b fbjk;.

5. E}yf trjp Ntz;b tpz;zg;gk; 6. tuNtw;G kly; 7. gphpTiu/ghuhl;L kly;

8. rhiy/kpd;trjp Ntz;b efuhl;rp MizaUf;Ff; fbjk;

9. khw;Wr; rhd;wpjo; Ntz;b jiyikahrphpaUf;Ff; fbjk;

nghJf; fl;Liu - tpdh vz;: 41

1. jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;Gfs; 2. rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;

3. rhiytpjpfs; 4. ehd; tpUk;Gk; jiyth; (m) ftpQh;

5. Njrpa xUikg;ghL 6. md;whl tho;tpy; mwptpay;

7. E}yfj;jpd; gad;fs; 8. kioePh; Nrfhpg;G

9. fhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdp 10. Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G




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md;ghh;e;j khzth;fNs....

; ,e;j gilg;gpid jpdKk; KO rpe;jidNahL gbj;jhy; ntw;wp cWjp..... Njh;th;fs; midtUk; ntw;wp ngWk; Nehf;fj;NjhL ,jid rkh;gpf;fpd;wdh; cq;fspd; ntw;wpia vq;fspd; %yk; cWjpahf;fp

Njh;tpy; ntw;wp ngw tho;j;Jf;fs;.

rhjidahsh; gpwg;gjpy;iy ! cUthf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs; !!

ghijia NjlhNj ! ghijia cUthf;F !!

Kaw;rp + gapw;rp = ntw;wp

VETRI EADUCTION DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE … eaduction development institute – 2015 -16 ... vetri...

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