Very Large Power System Operators in the World

1

Very Large Power System Operators in the World

Power System Training Institute

Bangalore

4th July 2011

NLDC 1

2

Indian Power System : Amongst the Largest in the World

National Grid (UK)

68GW

Capita: 65m

MidWest ISO (USA)159GW

Capita: 40m

RTE (France)93GW

Capita: 65m

PJM (USA)165GW

Capita: 51m

Red Electrica (Spain)93GW

Capita: 47m

ONS (Brazil)100GW

Capita: 170m

SO - UPS (Russia)146 GW

Capita: 144m

Tepco (Japan)64GW

Capita: 45m

KPX (South Korea)70GW

Capita: 49m

Terna (Italy)57GW

Capita: 60m

SGCC (China)900GW

Capita: 1000m

PGCIL (India)163GW

Capita: 1200mEskom

(South Africa)43.5GW

Capita: 49m

Source: VLPGO, 2010

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Snapshot

Of Indian Power System

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Typical Numbers for Indian Power System…

Demand :~ 110 GW

Generating Units :~ 1600

400kV & above Trans. Line :~ 700

Transformers :~ 2000

Busses :~ 5000

Control Areas :~ 100

Inter-State Metering Points :~ 3000

Schedule Matrix Elements :~ 96 X 100 X (~10)

~=100000

Open Access transactions typical daily :~ 100

Captives participating in market :~ 125

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Peculiarities of Indian Power System

High Growth Rate Shortage – both (MW & MU) Federal Structure Decentralized Scheduling & Despatch Diversity Unique Holding pattern Floating Frequency Large Hydro Variation Large Demand Variation

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How do we relate Internationally to the Other Grid Operators Worldwide ?

Associations Worldwide

Very Large Power Grid Operators (VLPGO)

TSO-Comparison Group

CIGRE - C2 and C5 committees

International Interconnections SAARC

7

Very Large Power Grid Operators(VLPGO)

VLPGO DataS.No. Utility no. of members/

companiesmillions of

peopleGeo area in sq

kmpeak load in

GW

Transmission lines (>220kV) length in kms

annual energy in BU

Installed Capacity in GW

1 PJM, USA 470+; 13 states+DC 51 425417 145 90290 728 165

2 Midwest ISO, USA

13 states + Manitoba 40

105150725

600159

3 California ISO11 states

30 12949550

41105 286 55

4 ENTSO-E 42 TSOs; 34 countries 525 270000

3300 880

5 KPX, S. Korea 49100210

70

6 National Grid, UK 65243610 61 22000 360

80

7 SGCC, China 26 provinces 1300 9640821 900

8 RTE, France 7 regional areas 65674843 88.96

99839545

108

9 REE, Spain 47504030

38393 93

10 TERNA, Italy 60301338 33

62503 57

11 TEPCO, Japan 127.96377944

52 64

12 SO-CDO of UOS, Russia 7 ODU branches 144 146

13 ONS, Brazil190.73 8514877 57 100

14 PGCIL 30 states/ 100 control areas

1200 3287263 110 82354(31.3.11)

811(2010-11)

174(30.4.11)

NLDC 8

US Utilities

NLDC 9

USA

State Alpha Code Abbreviation Numerical CodeAlabama AL Ala. 01Alaska AK 02Arizona AZ Ariz. 04Arkansas AR Ark. 05California CA Calif. 06Colorado CO Colo. 08Connecticut CT Conn. 09Delaware DE Del. 10District of Columbia DC D.C. 11Florida FL Fla. 12Georgia GA Ga. 13Hawaii HI 15Idaho ID 16Illinois IL Ill. 17Indiana IN Ind. 18Iowa IA 19Kansas KS Kans. 20Kentucky KY Ky. 21Louisiana LA 22Maine ME Me. 23Maryland MD Md. 24Massachusetts MA Mass. 25Michigan MI Mich. 26

NLDC 10

NLDC 11

Minnesota MN Minn. 27Mississippi MS Miss. 28Missouri MO Mo. 29Montana MT Mont. 30Nebraska NE Nebr. 31Nevada NV Nev. 32New Hampshire NH N.H. 33New Jersey NJ N.J. 34New Mexico NM N.Mex. 35New York NY N.Y. 36North Carolina NC N.C. 37North Dakota ND 38Ohio OH 39Oklahoma OK Okla. 40Oregon OR Ore. 41Pennsylvania PA Penn. 42Rhode Island RI R.I. 44South Carolina SC S.C. 45South Dakota SD 46Tennessee TN Tenn. 47Texas TX Tex. 48Utah UT 49Vermont VT Vt. 50Virginia VA Va. 51Washington WA Wash. 53West Virginia WV W.Va. 54Wisconsin WI Wis. 55Wyoming WY Wyo. 56

ENTSO-E: A trans-European network

NLDC 12

Fully operational since July 2009• Represents 42 TSOs from 34countries• 525 million citizens served• 880 GW generation Capacity• 270,000 km of EHV transmissionlines (220 kV upwards)• 3,300 TWh/year demand• 400 TWh/year exchanges• Replaced former TSO organisations:ATSOI, BALTSO, ETSO, NORDEL,UCTE, UKTSOA

EU Countries

NLDC 13

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Formation of the VLPGO A voluntary initiative of the world’s largest Power Grid Operators Representing together more than 60% of the electricity demand

in the world. Created in 2004

Not-for-profit organization Followed several blackouts across the world To investigate fundamental issues of common interest to its

members To develop joint action plans addressing the improvement of power

system security. Formalized in 2009 Specific Focus

Issues related to Very Large Power Grids Membership

Size > 50 GW

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VLPGO : Role of Grid Operators Worldwide Work constantly to plan, monitor, supervise and

control the energy delivered as a continuous process 24 hours a day

Delivering the electricity that powers modern societies Critical role of Grid Operators includes

acting on behalf of Consumers, to ensure quality while minimizing costs and recognizing economic and societal dependence on electricity;

a technical role in planning, designing, and managing the Power Systems;

an interface role with generators, market participants and distributors, which are the most direct users of the transmission grid;

a natural role of interlocutors with power exchanges, regulators and governments.

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Common Challenges for VLPGO Providing power system reliability and security Smart Grid development Integration of Renewables Integration of Electric Vehicles Capacity development and optimization including system

renovation and development, equipment upgrading. Reducing CO2 emissions Improve productivity and energy efficiency Power system visualization Demand Side Management Interconnections

Development of new technologies and HVDC Establishment and coordination of new control centers

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VLPGO Vision and Mission

Vision

“To be a leader and a catalyst in the transition of the electric power industry to the power grid of the 21st century”

Mission

Develop an international consensus on strategic issues which are unique to the very large power grid and market operators

Develop a common vision with respect to the technologies and best practices required to address those issues

Facilitate the implementation of the vision through information exchanges, collaborative projects and cooperation with other international organizations.

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Objectives: Transition to Grid of 21st Century

Innovate Thinking An international consensus on strategic issues challenging the

very large power grid and market operators

Technology Advancement A common vision with respect to the technologies and best

practices required to address those issues in a framework of social and environmental responsibility of each member.

Industry Leadership Through a common Communication Policy, the dissemination

and implementation of a common vision through information exchange, collaborative projects and cooperation with other international organizations.

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Expectation within VLPGO framework Sharing worldwide experience and knowledge on best practices to

improve the power system security and performance

Building a common vision on the transition towards a more modern power system (i.e. Smart Grids)

Being catalyst towards Manufacturers and Vendors to make available the best technologies to the Power Systems

Creating a industry voice on the transition to a more sustainable energy system and the journey to COP 17 and the enabling environments required to support the electricity supply industry worldwide. Enhancement of transmission security: security must be a permanent

concern of VLPGO Communication Strategy: PGOs must have communication strategies for

regular, risk and crisis situations.

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COPS 17

The 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference will be held in Durban, South Africa, from 28 November to 9 December 2011.[1] The conference is officially referred to as the 17th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 17) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 7th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties (CMP 7) to the Kyoto Protocol.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durban

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol

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VLPGO Delivering Value to its Members

Emerging Technology Identify early trends Assess common impacts Develop common solution requirements

Shared Learning Identify common key operational risks Share after-the-fact analysis of major events

Common Approaches & Solutions Develop common specifications across suppliers Create new market mechanisms Produce guidelines for common reliability issues

Best Practices Share “best” Ideas and policies Create methodologies for evaluation or analysis

Industry Influence Develop common positions for industry stakeholders

2222

Structure of VLPGO Activities

The VLPGO consists of:

The Governing Board has: Streamlined the working approach between different forums

Is writing guidance for conveyors – to improve performance (2010)

Focused on a smaller number of activities to deliver material progress & create a multi-year plan

5 Joint Projects 5 Working Groups 2 Workshops

Governing Board

Short-term collaboration on specific project by subset of

membersOne of exploration of topic

areaTask Task TaskTask Task

2323

Year Work Group/Joint Project Name of the WG/JP/WS2005 WG #1 Cascading Events and How to Prevent Them

WG #2 EMS Architectures For The 21st CenturyWG #3 Advanced Decision Support Tools

2006 WG #1 Cascading Events and Restoration ProcessWG #2 EMS Architectures For The 21st CenturyWG #3 Advanced Decision Support Tools

2007 WG #1 Application of PMU Technology, with Emphasis on Early Detection and Prevention of Cascading Events"WG #2 Visualization for Decision Support in the Control RoomWG #3 Market Mechanisms and Incentive Instruments to promote generating capacity - and demand response

2008 WG #1 Application of Synchrophasor Technology in Power system operationWG #2 Preventing Blackouts and Cascading eventsWG #3 Market Mechanisms and Incentive Instruments to promote generating capacity - and demand response

2009 WG #1 SynchrophasorsWG #2 Enhanced SecurityWG #3 Integration of RenewablesJP #1 Asset ManagementJP #2 HVDCJP #3 PHEVsJP #4 Backup Control CentersJP #5 Monitoring and AutomationJP #6 Visualization

2010 WG #1 SynchrophasorsWG #2a Enhanced Security- VulnerabilityWG #2b Enhanced Security- RestorationWG #3 Integration of Renewable TechnologiesJP #1 Asset ManagementJP #2 HVDCJP #3 PHEVsJP #4 Monitoring and AutomationWS #1 Smart GridWS #2 Key Performance Indicators (KPI)

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VLPGO 2011 Joint Activities

Working Groups WG #1 – Wide Area Monitoring Applications (PJM) WG #2 – Enhanced Security (Terna/ONS)

WG 2a – Security vs. Operation Costs (Terna/ONS)WG 2b – Enhanced Network Restoration (Terna/ONS)WG 2c – Equipment Overstressing (ONS)WG 2d –Security of Supply to large metro areas (?)

WG #3 – Integration of Renewables (NG) WG #4 – Load Forecasting (REE) WG #5 – HVDC (ONS) WG #6 – Electric Vehicles (PJM) WG #7 – Storage (MISO)

Joint Projects Visualization (SGCC)

Workshops WS #1 – KPIs (SO UPS) WS #2 – Smart Grid (KPX)

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VLPGO Accomplishments thus far

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SynchroPhasors:WAMS ArchitectureRequirements and PMUCertification Test MethodologyPreliminary Report”, 2008

SynchroPhasors:WAMS ArchitectureRequirements and PMUCertification Test MethodologyPreliminary Report”, 2008

Capacity Markets:“Market Mechanisms andincentive Instrument toPromote Generating Capacityand Demand Response”, 2008

Capacity Markets:“Market Mechanisms andincentive Instrument toPromote Generating Capacityand Demand Response”, 2008

Self Healing Grid:“Cascading Events and How to PreventThem – Restoration Process PreventionOf Large-Scale Blackouts In The LargeMetropolitan Cities”, 2006 - ApplicationGuide“Self Healing Techniques to PreventBlack Outs and Cascading Events”,2008

Self Healing Grid:“Cascading Events and How to PreventThem – Restoration Process PreventionOf Large-Scale Blackouts In The LargeMetropolitan Cities”, 2006 - ApplicationGuide“Self Healing Techniques to PreventBlack Outs and Cascading Events”,2008

EMS Architecture:EMS Architectures for the 21st

Century (transferred this workto CIGRE working groupD2.24)

EMS Architecture:EMS Architectures for the 21st

Century (transferred this workto CIGRE working groupD2.24)

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TSO – Comparison Group

The Group of International Comparison of Transmission System Operation Practice

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Mission To exchange information on Power System Operators

current and future operating practices for the purpose of benchmarking.

An annual survey is undertaken to ascertain Equivalent staffing requirements Best practices Performance measures

Areas Transmission system operations including generation

scheduling and dispatching, Electricity market operation, Operations planning, Settlements, Information technology, training, etc.

Managed by Kema

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Most important reasons for being a member

Performance Measures Database (> 50 data points) Comparing with other TSOs (Benchmark Model) Identification of peers (Company profiles / Activity

Lists) Learning from other TSOs (Best Practice) Informal contacts and TSO Questionnaires

(Networking) Counter Benchmark to Regulatory Benchmark

(Insurance policy)

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Members

Members Name Country ESKOM South Africa Red Eléctrica de España* Spain Landsnet Iceland Fingrid* Finland Amprion* Germany Transpower NZ* New Zealand Saudi Electricity Company Saudi Arabia TenneT Netherlands Statnett SF Norway PJM Interconnection** PA, USA National Grid Electricity Transmission* United Kingdom CLP Power* Hong Kong ESB NG Ireland Transpower Germany Swissgrid Switzerland Rede Eléctrica Nacional Portugal Hydro Québec Canada Svenska Kraftnät Sweden PSE Poland EWA Bahrain China Southern Power Grid China Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. India

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Benchmarking Model

The TSO Comparison Group is using an advanced multidimensional Benchmark Model for comparing TSOs’ System Operation organization.

The Model’s “multidimensional approach” provides insight into the efficiency and effectiveness of each TSO with respect to both its own environment (size, structure, regulation et al) and to other TSO environments.

The Model’s output has demonstrated the capability of identifying generic differences (resulting in ad hoc peer-groups) as well as generic similarities.

The Model’s output has been utilized for mergers (in defining staff sizing requirements), and tested for self-analysis (in validating actual staff sizes).

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Features of the benchmarking model

The model aids in highlighting the effects of non-traditional changes within peer groups.

As non-traditional changes, such as new Market initiatives are developed, the Model will display the areas of change.

Although the value of those changes will vary with corporate objectives, the magnitude and the areas impacted by the changes will be highlighted by the Model.

The key feature of the Model is that it does not focus on defining the “best” and the “worst” TSOs, but rather focuses on identifying differences between TSOs.

Whether differences are good or not will depend on many factors – the Model allows the user to make those value decisions based on the goals of the respective user.

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For Benchmark purposes a ‘standard TSO’ with five key System Operation processes has been defined..

SchedulingOperations

PlanningAfter The

FactReal TimeOperation

Support

1 year ahead 2 weeks ahead day of operationAfter day of operation

time


PlanningAfter The


Support


time


PlanningAfter The


Support


time


PlanningAfter The


Support


time

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..and a process which takes into account the remaining differences between TSOs

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Data Collected annually since 2000,validated by KEMA, verified by group

Operations Planning (1 year to 2 weeks before day of operation) Number of Planned Transmission

Outages Number of Planned Generating-unit

OutagesScheduling (2 weeks to 1 day before day of operation): Accuracy of peak load forecast Accuracy of minimum load forecast Transmission congestion:

Generation constrained "on". Foreseen transmission concerns Scheduled transmission outage

requests Scheduled generation outagesReal Time Operation (Day of Operation): Frequency control performance Average overall system deviation Generation and load instructions Personnel on shift RTO transmission outages taken

Support Operator training hours of teachers Number of SCADA database points

(Status points, Analog points, Control points)

Overall Performance: Transmitted energy at risk Response Time of Area Control

Error or Frequency Energy unsupplied due to

'unsupplied energy incidents' Unsupplied energy incidents Voltage excursionsReference Data Number of Staff in Full Time

Equivalents, separately for each process

Costs, separately for each process and network losses

Network date, including e.g. Circuit Ends, Line lengths, Generators, Peak Load, Transmitted Energy, Interconnectors.

All data are available for members

Example of data points:

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And summarized in management presentations

PERFORMANCE

RE

SO

UR

CE

S

Low Resources /

High Performance

High Resources / Low Performance

Average resources

Average performance

PERFORMANCE

RE

SO

UR

CE

S

PERFORMANCE

RE

SO

UR

CE

S

Low Resources /

High Performance

High Resources / Low Performance

Average resources

Average performance

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

FTEs

Actual 2005 FTEsBenchmark results (dots) with standard deviation


0

5

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FTEs



0

5

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FTEs



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FTEs



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FTEs



Sum of five benchmark

results

Quality of System Operation(frequency, energy not supplied, Voltage)

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Results of Annual Survey

An important basis for performance comparison and for improvement of operating practices.

Experience of Members of the Group discussed each year in one or two Workshops upon invitation of one of the participating companies

Membership of TSO is presently restricted to up to 30 companies / departments that qualify as an operator of a bulk transmission system

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Issues to be Considered in International Interconnections

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Guiding Attributes

Spirit of regional cooperation

Approach towards long-term planning

Energy policy structure and goals

Adherence to international agreements

Encourage cross border trades

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International Interconnections - Benefits

Improving Reliability and Pooling of Reserves Reduced investment in generating capacity Improving load factor and increasing load diversity Economies of scale Diversity of generation mix and supply security Economic exchange Environmentally benign dispatch and siting of new

plant Coordination of maintenance schedules

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International Interconnections – Various Aspects

Technical

Commercial

Regulatory/Legal

Coordination

4141

Weblink: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/interconnections.pdf

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International Interconnections

Maps not to scale

BhutanNepal

Tala: 1020 MWChukha: 336 MWKurichu: 60 MWNet import by India

India- Bhutan synchronous links400 kV Tala-Binaguri D/C400 kV Tala-Malbase-Binaguri220 kV Chukha-Birpara D/C220 kV Chukha-Malbase-Birpara132 kV Kurichu-Bongaigaon

Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KVRadial links with NepalNet import by Nepal

Bangladesh400 KV AC line between Baharampur(India) and

Bheramara(Bangladesh) with 500 MW HVDC sub-station at

Bheramara

Sri – Lanka Madurai(India) and

Anuradhapura(Sri-Lanka) through ±500 KV HVDC

under sea cable

4343

Survey Questionnaires Questionnaire I – Present Power Supply Position Questionnaire II

Organization of the Electricity Supply Industry Power System Planning & Planning Criterion Legal / Regulatory Issues Load despatch function Technical Issues Balancing Supply – Demand Electricity Market Ancillary Services Renewable Energy Resources Transmission Pricing Congestion Management Grid discipline Investments Existing International Interconnections

Questionnaire III – Long term projections

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Draft Template – Contents

4545

Draft Template – Tables and Figures

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CIGRE

(INTERNATIONAL COUNCILON LARGE ELECTRIC SYSTEMS)

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Aim

CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric Systems) is one of the leading worldwide Organizations on Electric Power Systems, covering their technical, economic, environmental, organisational and regulatory aspects.

A permanent, non-governmental and non-profit International Association, based in France, CIGRE was founded in 1921 and aims to: Facilitate the exchange of information between engineering

personnel and specialists in all countries and develop knowledge in power systems.

Add value to the knowledge and information exchanged by synthesizing state-of-the-art world practices.

Make managers, decision-makers and regulators aware of the synthesis of CIGRE's work, in the area of electric power.

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CIGRE: Developing Technical Knowledge

CIGRE develops technical knowledge through 3 types of activities:

- Organizing Conferences and meetings, where papers are discussed,

- Carrying out Permanent studies by 16 Study Committees, each dealing with a specific technical field, publishing reports and organizing Tutorials.

- Making its publications available to members of CIGRE and others.

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Study Committee C2 - System Operation and Control

The Study Committee C2 serves within Cigré by forming a working concept for the functionalities, structures and competence needed to operate integrated power systems in a way that is in compliance with the social requirements for security of electricity supply.

The performance of power systems in real time depend on technical quality factors built into the systems through various activities and knowledge currently covered by the other Cigré Study Committees. SC C2 therefore needs to use and combine results provided within these committees.

An area which is unique for C2 is however the dependency on a good performance of human resources in real-time system operation activities.

In these respects SC C2 encircles a wide range of competence areas and interfaces to other disciplines.

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Mission and Scope of CIGRE Study Committee C2

Mission of SC C2:

To facilitate and promote the progress of engineering and the international exchange of information and knowledge in the field of system operation and control. To add value to this information and knowledge by means of synthesizing state-of-the-art practices and developing recommendations.

The Scope of SC C2:

The scope of the SC covers the technical, human resource and institutional aspects and conditions for a secure and economic operation of existing power systems under security requirements against system disintegration, equipment damages and human injuries

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Driving forces for future work The priorities to important emerging factors that will

influence and define new requirements on the System Operation performance.

Directions are: Integration of regional and national grids into large open markets Management of generation capacity and energy shortages Management of capacity shortages Impact from new sources of dispersed generation and related

system requirements Influence from customer needs and response Interaction between open market trading mechanisms and

power system operation in congestion and transit flow management

Integration of information and communication technology

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Study Committee C5 - Electricity Markets and Regulation

The Mission of Study Committee C5 is "to facilitate and promote the progress of engineering and the international exchange of information and knowledge in the field of electricity markets and regulations. To add value to this information and knowledge by means of synthesizing state-of-the-art practices and by developing recommendations."

SC C5 Strategic Goals Development and changes in the Business of System

Operations Market Entities Market Activities and Market Design Market Regulations

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Working Groups of C5 Committee

The six Working Groups and one Joint Working Group approved by Technical Committee are:

WG C5-3 Investments & Financing of new Transmission and Generation Assets in a Deregulated Environment

WG C5-7 Market Design – Structure and Development of Electricity Markets

WG C5-8 Renewables and energy efficiency in a deregulated market

WG C5-9 Retail Market Competition – Customer Switching, Metering and Load profiles

WG C5-10 Establishment of Effective and Sustainable Regulatory Incentives

for Capital Investments in Electricity Networks and Generation

WG C5-11 Market design for large scale integration of renewable energy sources and demand side management

JWG C2/C5–5 Development and Changes in the Business of System Operators

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System Operation Models

No.

ISO TSO

1 Not own assets Owns assets

2 Does not do switching operations Does switching operations

3 Not responsible for maintenance Maintains assets

4 Does not own any form of energy Takes ownership of energy

5 Not serve directly the end customer

May serve a few bulk customers directly

6 Not for profit organisation A profit seeking organisation

7 Not a public / private company May be a public / private company

8 Does security constrained central dispatch of generation sources

-do-

9 Does the administration of electricity markets

- do-

10 Not responsible for transmission expansion planning

Responsible for transmission expansion planning

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ISO Vs TSO

ISO Vs TSO11 Does coordination of

maintenance schedules- do-

12 Works on behalf of every body. Hence may not work for any body

Works on self interest also.

13 Not biased. Ex: Suggest for grouping / DSM during dispatch

May be biased. Ex: Suggest for transmission expansion instead of DSM

14 Small organisation. Hence choice of quality personnel is limited.

Large organisation. Hence choice of quality personnel is available.

15 Suitable to create in advanced stage of reform.

Suitable to create in early stage of reform.

16 Attracts further investments due to fairness of market operations

Biased decisions discourage further investments in generation and distribution facilities

17 Board members may not be stake holders Ex: US Utilities’ Hence may not be experienced and knowledgeable in the system

Board members may be stake holders. Ex: Latin American countriesHence knowledgeable and experienced in the system.

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ISO: Independent System OperatorAO: Asset Owner

Possible Models for Regulatory & Commercial Relationships

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Scope of System Operation Activities

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EUROPEAN & SOUTH AFRICAN EUROPEAN & SOUTH AFRICAN MODELMODEL

G GG

D DD

T + SO

G

D

G

D

This model is followed in UK by NGC, in Norway by Statenett, in Sweden by Svenska Kraftnet, in Finland by Fingrid, in Netherland by Tennet, in Denmark by Eltral/Elkrafts and in South Africa by Eskom.

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FRENCH MODELFRENCH MODEL

T + SOG

DEdF

RTE

This model is followed in France, wherein Transmission and System Operation functions have been delegated to RTE. EdF is responsible for the Generation and the Distribution.

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MALAYSIAN AND KOREAN MALAYSIAN AND KOREAN MODELSMODELS

G GG

This model is followed in Korea by KEPCO and in Malaysia by TNB. These entities are now in the process of separating the distribution function from Transmission & SO functions.

T + SO

D +

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CANADIAN MODELCANADIAN MODEL

G GG

D DD

G

D

T TT TASO

This model is followed in Alberta of Canada. In this model, since, there are more than one main transmission companies, an independent System Operator and Transmission Administrator exist.

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AMERICAN MODELAMERICAN MODEL

G G G

D D D

T T

G

D

G

D

G

D

TSO SORTO

This model is followed in USA. Based on their California experience, USA is now moving towards TSO model through RTO.

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ORGANISATIONAL SET-UP OF POWERGRIDORGANISATIONAL SET-UP OF POWERGRID

Ring FencedSystem Operation

ThroughNLDC / RLDCs

CTU FUNCTIONS

Inter-stateTransmission

Services

P O W E R G R I D

LICENSEES

NON-CTU FUNCTIONS

Telecom,Consultancy,Distribution

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ISO Models:Balancing, Operational & Deep ISOs

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Website of System Operators Worldwide

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S.No. Name of the TSO Country Web Presence1 ESKOM South Africa www.eskom.co.za

2 Red Eléctrica de España* Spain www.ree.es

3 Landsnet Iceland www.landsnet.is

4 Fingrid* Finland www.fingrid.com

5 Amprion* Germany www.amprion.net

6 Transpower NZ Newzealand www.transpower.co.nz

7 Saudi Electricity Company Saudi Arabia www.se.com.sa

8 TenneT Netherlands www.tennet.org

9 Statnett SF Norway www.statnett.no

10 PJM Interconnection** PA,USA www.pjm.com

11 National Grid Electricity Transmission* UK www.nationalgrid.com

12 CLP Power Hong Kong www.clpgroup.com.hk

13 ESB NG Ireland www.eirgrid.com

14 Transpower Germany www.transpower.de

15 Swisssgrid Switzerland www.swissgrid.ch

16 Rede Eléctrica Nacional Portugal www.ren.pt

17 Hydro Québec Canada www.hydroquebec.com

18 Svenska Kraftnät Sweden www.svk.se

19 PSE Poland www.pse-operator.pl

20 EWA Bahrain www.mew.gov.bh

21 China Southern Power Grid China www.eng.csg.cn

22 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. India www.powergridindia.com / www.nldc.in

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Thank You !!

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Very Large Power System Operators in the World

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