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Vertically Integrated Approach on NAMAsin Municipal Solid Waste in Indonesia

(V-NAMAs)

National Workshop on Pro-Poor and Sustainable Solid Waste ManagementJakarta, 13 - 14 November 2014

Rangga AkibGIZ Indonesia

1. NAMAs and MSWM in Indonesia in Indonesia

2. Vertical Integration Approach

3. Mitigation Options

4. Lesson Learned

5. Summary

Structure

NAMAs and MSWM in Indonesia

• Bali Road Map 1b (ii) : 2007

NAMAs are thought to provide a new opportunity for developing countries to take action on their large and rapidly increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while managing the economic growth, social and development needs

• Cancun Outcome – Mitigation paragraph 48ff: 2010

“Agrees that developing country Parties will take nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs)in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, aimed at achieving a deviation in emissions relative to business as usual emissions in 2020.”

NAMAs (1)

NAMAs important vehicle for developing countries to address CC issue

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)

• Country Ownership:

Based on voluntary actions

Embedded in National Sustainable Development Priorities (co-benefits play an important role)

• Wide Range of activities:

Investments, Policies, Capacity Building

• Scale: looking for transformative changes beyond project

• Accountability: subject to MRV

NAMAs (2)

NAMAs: voluntary and appropriate with the local conditions to reduce the GHG emissions within the sustainable development context

President’s Commitment at G-20 Pittsburgh and COP15 (2009)Reducing green house gas emission by 2020

26% 26 + 15 = 41%

Gov. of Indonesia efforts(Unilateral NAMAs)

Gov.of Indonesia efforts andInternational supports

(Supported NAMAs)

RAN GRK

Presidential Decree No.61 Year 2011 regarding National Action Plan on GHG Emissions

Reduction (RAN-GRK)

National Action Plan on GHG Emissions Reduction(RAN-GRK)

• Objective of RAN-GRK: Contribute to global efforts in GHG emission reduction

• Basic Principle: should not hinder economic growth and prioritizing people’s welfare

Sub-national actorsProvince,

City/Regency

…with large share of GHG emissions

(waste sector Indonesia: 9 to 11% of total emission)

Key competencies…• Waste management• Buildings• Transport

High Mitigation Potential(the amount of waste is rising through

the population growth in cities)

Why Involvement of Sub-nationals?

More than 50% ofworld‘s population

Consume 2/3 ofworld‘s energy supply

Responsible for over70% of CO2 emissions

Waste sector: One of 5 priority areas for national GHG emission reduction

(PP 61/2011)

MSWM in Indonesia

Widely adopted Paradigm of MSWM System in Indonesia: “Collect-Transport-Dispose” concept, depending highly on the Final Disposal(contrary to the Indonesian Solid Waste Management Act No.18/2008)

Challenges:

Most landfills are operated through open dumping process

Lack of capacity Lack of community participation MSW minimization at the source and 3R

is not yet optimal

Source: Ministry of Public Works

Managing MSW is a responsibility of the Local Governments

Sufficient involvement of National and Provincial Governments is necessary

Vertical Integration Approach

Purpose Develop vertically integrated approach in the climate change mitigation action in Indonesia

Focus Municipal Solid Waste

Project Duration September 2012 - April 2015

Pilot Location Kendari City, Malang City, Pekalongan City and Regency, Jambi City, Sidoarjo Regency

Executing Agency Bappenas (Ministry of National Development Planning)

Implementing Agencies and Partners

Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Provincial Government and Local Government (Regency/City),other related stakeholders

Technical Support GIZ, on behalf of the BMUB (German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety)

Outputs 1. Bankable NAMA-proposal that meets MRV requirements elaborated for the waste sector

2. Practical guidelines, support for the elaboration of othervertically integrated NAMAs

V-NAMA Project in Indonesia

National Governments

National Governments

Provincial Governments

Provincial Governments

Local Governments

(Regency/City)

Local Governments

(Regency/City)

Develop policies and regulations Provision/Construction of MSW Infrastructures

As a link between National and Local Gov. Coordination of Local Gov.

Operation-maintainance-rehabilitation Data collection and monitoring Land provision Local capacity

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integrates the vertical-government-levels (National, Provincial, and Local) in improving MSWM in Indonesia in order to reduce GHG emission

provides an entry point to address the climate change issues related to the MSWM

provides a blueprint for the involvement of subnational governments, including involvement of the private sectors and the channelling of climate finance

V-NAMA Approach in MSWM in Indonesia

National Government

Provincial Government

Local Government (Regency/City)

RAN-GRK&RAD-GRKVertical Coordination between National and Provincial Government

V-NAMAVertical Integration between National,

Provincial and Local Government

(Regency/City)

V-NAMA

V-NAMA Supports RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK(National & Local Action Plan)

RAN-/ RAD-GRK

provides as a model to implement the mitigation action in waste sector and part of RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK

Jambi

Pekalongan

Sidoarjo

Malang

Kendari

Piloted in five locations with the view to be replicated national wide

based on coordination between national priorities/mandates and local demand.

Overarching project goal:

Vertically integrated efforts by national, subnational, and private actors, which fill identified gaps at integrated-MSWM-system to transform waste into valued products and a job-creating commodity that contributes its full share to GHG mitigation

Overarching Goal

Local Governmentbuys the compost

Waste reductionat source

Benefit for Local Gov. and community

e.g.: Solid WasteBank

Community-based

Waste reduction- Recycling- Composting- CH4 utilization

3R FacilityWorm cultivation

- Final dsposal- Composting, recycle- CH4 utilization (energy for ca. 400 HH, electricity)

Final disposalLandfill

Composting at HH, school, market

Other: - formation of community-based environment-group- cleanliness competition at village and city level- involvement of private sector- involvement of informal sector

Role of:- Central Gov:

construction of facilities

- Provincial Gov:coordination

- Local Gov:provision of land, operation and maintainance, local capacity

Individual level

Community level

City level

Examples of Activities at a Pilot Location

Baseline Study in Kendari and Pekalongan

Coordination meeting with local Gov.to determine sampling locations

Sampling at the Landfill

Sampling at the Temporary Station

V-NAMA Project Activities

Planning Workshops at 5 Pilot Locations

Malang

Kendari

Pekalongan


Local Stakeholder Dialogues at 5 Pilot Locations

Sidoarjo

Kendari

Jambi


Training on GHG emission calculation for 5 Pilot Project Locations


Training on GHG Calculation using IPCC-2006 Method

Visit to Landfill

Visit to the Waste-Bank

V-NAMA PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Presentations of the City Gov.

Discussion involving National, Provincial and City Gov.

GIZ-UNESCAP Exchange Workshop

NAMA Elements Elaboration Workshop

Elaboration of NAMA Elements

NAMA Development

Baseline Information

BAUScenario Mitigation

Options

Co-benefitAnalysis

RiskAnalysis

Cost Analysis

Incentive System

MRV

Providing a solid foundation to develop Mitigation Actions in waste sectorIn Indonesia

Proposed Mitigation Options are expected to reduce the GHG emission and should appropriate with the situation and condition at the location

Mitigation Options

Mitigation OptionsCombination of Integrated Waste Minimization at source and Waste Treatment at

the Final Disposal (including improving coverage area):

• Increasing service coverage including provision of MSWM collection and

transportation vehicles;

• 3R activities and composting, including home-recycling, home-composting

and solid-waste-bank;

• Anaerobic digestion (SW from traditional market);

• Sanitary landfill with Landfill Gas (LFG) capture, including, flaring, direct

use of LFG and LFG to electricity conversion (Waste-to-Energy);

• Reduction of open burning and open dumping

• RDF??

Focus and scope is different at each location

In line and supporting the Policies of the National Governments

Providing MSWM-Service for Slum Areas (1)

• GIZ-VNAMAs supporting the National Program of the Ministry of Public Works

(100-0-100) 100% to drinking water, 0% to slum areas, 100% to sanitation

• Very high sustainable development impacts, e.g.:

– health

– income generation, poverty reduction

– environmental and social co-benefits

• Providing MSWM-Infrastructures:

– Collection and transportation (MSWM-Carts, MSWM-Trucks)

– Decentralized MSWM treatment plants (including anaerobic digestion)

– Centralized MSWM treatment plants-Flaring

51 Slum Areas at the Pilot Locations, around 450.000 inhabitants,

estimated waste generation of ca. 270 ton/day

Pilot locationSub-district(Kelurahan)

Populationof Slum Areas

In 2013

EstimatedWaste generation

[ton/day]

Kendari City 12 50,981 30.6

Malang City 6 124,252 74.6

Pekalongan City 9 83,471 50.1

PekalonganRegency

6 42,067 25.2

Jambi City 13 72,736 43.6

Sidoarjo Regency 5 73,366 44.0

TOTAL 51 446,873 268.1


• Slum areas (sub-districts) are identified by the Ministry of Public

Works

• Currently without proper MSWM-service

• Very high sustainable development impacts

• Around 270 ton/day typically high organic composition (> 60%)

more than 160 ton/day organic waste

Mitigation Options:

Temporary Station (TPS) + AD+ Composting + Recycling

biogas utilization

connected with the waste-bank recycled material


• LFG depending higly on service coverage and landfill operational• High GHG emission mitigation potential• Financial incentive based on Ministerial Decree of the MEMR No.19/2013

Feed-in-tariff: LFG to electricity• Kendari and Pekalongan direct-use of LFG for vicinity• New Sanitary Landfill for Malang, Pekalongan, Jambi, Sidoarjo

concessional loan from KfW

LFG to Energy

V-NAMA Pilot Locations

EstimatedPopulation in 2020

Estimated Waste Generation [ton/day]

Calculated BaU-LFG[Gg CO2eq] *IPCC 2006

Kendari City 410,056 164 15.8

Malang City 903,186 479 76.2

Pekalongan City 305,269 122 59.9

Pekalongan Regency

1,193,528 477 10.5

Jambi City 785,636 471 75.2

Sidoarjo Regency 3,240,172 1296 69.8

LFG utilization: Authority of the MEMR

Lesson Learned

OPTIONS, e.g:• Strengthened leadership at sub-national level • Integration of policies and programs vertically• Strengthened horizontal coordination (e.g. authority)• Facilitate stakeholders dialogue and involvement• Increasing interaction and upgrading coordination quality• Upgrading access and exchange of data and information• Capacity building and upgrading organizational capacity• Build in opportunity for informal approaches • Settlement some discrepancies and uncertainties• Upgrade political backing • Focused and concrete target, not bias

Challenges and Options to Sub-national Involvement

Lack of Integration and Capacity

decentralized governance system along with lack of capacity may reduce the effectiveness of the mitigation actions

OPTIONS, e.g: • Generating business models• Use reputational incentives for public praise and recognition

(e.g. competition such as Adipura award)• Provide grants, contracting agreements• Find creative ways to channel national and international

finance (including private and public loans)• Build in co-benefits and financial incentives which attract and

secure all main sub-national stakeholders• Involvement of private sector and the community

Challenges and Options to Sub-national Involvement

Lack of Incentives(financial, political and co-benefits incentives)

creating the right incentives is a key challenge to attract, involve and ensure participation of the sub-nationals

Summary

• Proposed mitigation options should be appropriate with the Local situation and condition and in line with the Policies of the National Governments, e.g. RAN-GRK, Waste minimization based on 3R, Providing MSWM-Service for Slum Areas, Increasing utilization of bioenergy

• The VNAMAs program is piloted in five selected location, but with the view to establish mechanism which can be replicated national wide

• V-NAMAs prepares the ground for a country wide replication with the transformational change and paradigm shift in the MSWM sector

V-NAMAs pilot location:- Strong Leadership of the Local Governments- Commitment

Summary

RT/RW/Kelurahan

Vulnerable Groups

Community Based

Organizations

ResearchInstitutions

Media

Land Owners

ResidentialCommercial Enterprises

Research and Development Agencies

(State owned/Ministries)

Civil SocietyPrivate Sector

Public Sector

User Groups

Service Providers

International Organizations/

UNFCCC

NGOsWaste

Workers

Ministry of PublicWorks PU

Waste recycling Industry

SWMIndonesia

Ministry of

Home Affairs MoHA

KFW

PrimaryStakeholders

Key Stakeholders

SecondaryStakeholders

Enterprises using Reuseable/recycleables

Private Recycleables

Collector

National Government

NationalPlanning Agency BAPPENAS

Dinas Kebersihan

(City Cleansing Agency)

Municipal Government

Ministry of Environment KLH Provincial

Government

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V-NAMAs approach is not easy but worth the effort

V-NAMA Stakeholders

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